JPH07267770A - Solid propellant and its production - Google Patents

Solid propellant and its production

Info

Publication number
JPH07267770A
JPH07267770A JP5699094A JP5699094A JPH07267770A JP H07267770 A JPH07267770 A JP H07267770A JP 5699094 A JP5699094 A JP 5699094A JP 5699094 A JP5699094 A JP 5699094A JP H07267770 A JPH07267770 A JP H07267770A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oxidizing agent
propellant
shape
solid propellant
pellet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP5699094A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshiaki Mitarai
善昭 御手洗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP5699094A priority Critical patent/JPH07267770A/en
Publication of JPH07267770A publication Critical patent/JPH07267770A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033Shaping the mixture

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance packing properties of an oxidizing agent, to improve the specific impulse of the propellant and to widen the scope of application to solid propellants of ammonium nitrate (an oxidizing agent) by forming a powder of the oxidizing agent to be used as a component of the propellent into a prescribed shape. CONSTITUTION:In this propellant, a powdery oxidizing agent is formed into pellets having a prescribed shape prior to mixing it into a propellant base material and thereby, the specific surface area per unit weight of the oxidizing agent is minimized to improve the mixing properties of the oxidizing agent at the time of producing the propellant and also, to enhance the packing properties of the oxidizing agent and further, to improve the specific impulse of the propellant. As for the shape of the pellet, a spherical shape is preferred, but the design of the shape can be changed depending on the purpose to any shape such as cylindrical or prismatic shape, etc., without any specific limitation. As for the size of the pellet, the length of the pellet in its longest direction is preferably within the range of about 1 to 10mm. The compression or wet pelletizing, etc., can be used for this powder forming and the specific gravity of the pellet thus formed is preferably >=95% of the true specific gravity. As for the solid propellants to which this oxidizing agent is appropriately applied, the agent is effectively used for the composite solid propellants. Particularly, since ammonium nitrate has hygroscopic properties, its mixing properties are enhanced by subjecting it to powder forming into a prescribed shape.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は固体推進薬に関する。詳
しくは、酸化剤を粉体成形して、所定形状に成形したも
のを用いることにより、推進薬中への酸化剤の混合を改
良した固体推進薬及びその製法に関する。
This invention relates to solid propellants. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid propellant in which the mixing of the oxidizer into the propellant is improved by using a powder-molded oxidizer, which is molded into a predetermined shape, and a method for producing the same.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】固体推進薬は、液体燃料に比べ、長期保
存が可能であり、かつ、即時発射が可能であるという利
点を有し、軍用のロケット弾やミサイル、あるいは、宇
宙用においても液体燃料の補助燃料として利用されてい
る。固体推進薬は、酸化剤と燃料に各成分を混合して成
型した混成質系のコンポジット系固体推進薬とニトログ
リセリンとニトロセルロースを主成分とし、不揮発性溶
剤を用いた火薬であるダブルベース系固体推進薬とに大
別される。
2. Description of the Related Art Solid propellants have advantages over liquid fuels in that they can be stored for a long period of time and can be launched immediately. Liquid propellants are also used in military rockets, missiles, and space applications. It is used as an auxiliary fuel for fuel. The solid propellant is a hybrid base composite solid propellant formed by mixing each component with an oxidizer and fuel, and a double base system that is a pyrotechnic powder that uses nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose as the main components and a non-volatile solvent Broadly divided into solid propellants.

【0003】一方、コンポジット系固体推進薬用の酸化
剤としては、過塩素酸アンモニウムやニトラミン及び硝
酸アンモニウムが使用されている。なかでも過塩素酸ア
ンモニウムは、推進薬用の酸化剤としては含有酸素量の
面で最も好ましく推進薬用の酸化剤として主に用いられ
ている。しかしながら、過塩素酸アンモニウムは、燃焼
分解物として塩化水素を発生することにより、環境上の
面で使用が将来限定されることが予想されている。
On the other hand, ammonium perchlorate, nitramine and ammonium nitrate are used as oxidizers for composite solid propellants. Among them, ammonium perchlorate is most preferable as an oxidizing agent for a propellant in terms of oxygen content, and is mainly used as an oxidizing agent for a propellant. However, the use of ammonium perchlorate is expected to be limited in the future in terms of environment, by generating hydrogen chloride as a combustion decomposition product.

【0004】このため、ニトラミン、硝酸アンモニウム
を使用した推進薬の研究がなされており、特に価格の面
で硝酸アンモニウムを利用した推進薬の研究に注目が集
められている。
For this reason, research on propellants using nitramine and ammonium nitrate has been conducted, and attention has particularly been paid to research on propellants using ammonium nitrate in terms of price.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】硝酸アンモニウムを酸
化剤として用いる推進薬は、排出煙(燃焼分解物)中に
塩化水素を含まず環境にたいしては好ましい推進薬であ
るが、使用に際して主として解決すべき2つの課題が残
されている。 1)比推力の向上 2)製造上の問題 1)の比推力は、過塩素酸アンモニウムを酸化剤とした
推進薬に比べ1分子中の含有酸素量の差より低下するこ
とは、理論上あきらかであるが比推力は、推進薬の基本
性能であり向上させる研究が精力的に進められている。
例えば、推進薬中に用いられている燃料成分にエネルギ
ーを付与する、あるいは少量の過塩素酸アンモニウム、
ニトラミンを併用するなどである。2)の製造上の問題
は、通常、推進薬中の酸化剤含有量を高めるため、用い
る酸化剤の粒度、及び、粒度分布を調整したのち混合す
ることにより最密充填性を向上させることを実施してい
るが、硝酸アンモニウムは、所定の粒度に粉砕すること
が困難であることに加え、吸湿性があり、固化しやすい
ため、混合しにくく推進薬中の充填性を高めることがで
きないため、実用に供する場合に非常に問題であった。
A propellant using ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer is a preferable propellant for the environment because it does not contain hydrogen chloride in exhaust smoke (combustion decomposition products), but it should be solved mainly in use. Two challenges remain. 1) Improvement of specific thrust 2) Manufacturing problem It is theoretically clear that the specific thrust of 1) is lower than the difference in the oxygen content in one molecule compared to the propellant using ammonium perchlorate as an oxidant. However, specific impulse is the basic performance of propellants, and research to improve it is energetically underway.
For example, to impart energy to the fuel components used in propellants, or small amounts of ammonium perchlorate,
For example, using nitramine together. The problem in the production of 2) is usually to improve the close packing property by adjusting the particle size of the oxidizing agent to be used and the particle size distribution after mixing in order to increase the content of the oxidizing agent in the propellant. Although carried out, ammonium nitrate, in addition to being difficult to pulverize to a predetermined particle size, has hygroscopicity and easily solidifies, it is difficult to mix and the filling property in the propellant cannot be increased, It was very problematic when it was put to practical use.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、前記の問題
点を考慮して鋭意研究した結果、粉砕された硝酸アンモ
ニウムを粉体成形し所定形状とした後、燃料成分と混合
する事により推進薬中の硝酸アンモニウムの混合性を高
める方法を見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。すな
わち、本発明としては固体推進薬中の酸化剤が粉体成形
により所定形状とされていることを特徴とする固体推進
薬及び粉砕された酸化剤を粉体成形し所定形状とした
後、他の燃料成分と混合し、成型してなることを特徴と
する固体推進薬の製法を提案し、解決したものである。
Means for Solving the Problems As a result of earnest research in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has carried out propulsion by mixing powdered pulverized ammonium nitrate into a predetermined shape and then mixing it with a fuel component. The inventors have found a method for improving the miscibility of ammonium nitrate in the drug and completed the present invention. That is, according to the present invention, the oxidizer in the solid propellant is formed into a predetermined shape by powder molding, and the solid propellant and the crushed oxidizer are powder-formed into a predetermined shape, The present invention proposes and solves a method for producing a solid propellant, which is characterized in that the solid propellant is formed by mixing with the fuel component of 1.

【0007】本発明によれば、酸化剤粉体を推進薬中に
混合する前に成形することにより単位重量あたりの被表
面積を極小化がなされ、製造時の混合性の改良がはから
れ、推進薬中の酸化剤の充填性を高め、併せて比推力の
向上をはかることを可能としている。本発明において使
用される酸化剤としては、前記理由から、特に硝酸アン
モニウムにおいて有効であるが、充填性が改良されるこ
とから、あらゆる粉体成形可能な酸化剤の使用が可能で
ある。
According to the present invention, the surface area per unit weight is minimized by molding the oxidizer powder before mixing it with the propellant, and the mixing property at the time of production is improved. It is possible to improve the filling property of the oxidizer in the propellant and also to improve the specific thrust. As the oxidizer used in the present invention, ammonium nitrate is particularly effective for the above-mentioned reasons, but any powder-formable oxidizer can be used because the filling property is improved.

【0008】また、形状については、混合性、充填性か
ら、球状が好ましいが、形状の設計は目的に応じて変更
すればよく、円柱状、角柱状等なんら限定されるもので
はない。大きさについては、推進薬に用いるという実用
面を考えた場合、上限として、最大方向の長さが10m
m程度、下限については、粉体成形効率から1mm程度
がよい。大きさの異なるものを組み合わせると充填率を
向上でき、好ましい。
The shape is preferably spherical in view of the mixing property and the filling property, but the design of the shape may be changed according to the purpose and is not limited to a columnar shape or a prismatic shape. Regarding the size, when considering the practical use as a propellant, the maximum length is 10 m.
About m, the lower limit is preferably about 1 mm from the viewpoint of powder molding efficiency. It is preferable to combine those having different sizes because the filling rate can be improved.

【0009】粉体成形方法としては、圧縮、湿式造粒な
どが可能であり、得られる成形体の比重は真比重の95
%以上がよい。対象とする固体推進薬としは、特に酸化
剤を主成分とし、該酸化剤と他の燃料成分を混合し、成
型してなるコンポジット系固体推進薬に有効である。固
体推進薬とするには、成形された酸化剤を、固体推進薬
の一般的製造方法において従来の粉状酸化剤と代替すれ
ば良く、混合割合、製造条件、混合方法等は従来より実
施されているとおりで良い。また、その他の成分として
は、通常固体推進薬に用いられる結合剤、燃焼調整剤等
の添加剤などの燃料成分が用いられる。
As the powder molding method, compression, wet granulation and the like are possible, and the specific gravity of the obtained molded body is 95 which is the true specific gravity.
% Or more is preferable. The target solid propellant is particularly effective as a composite solid propellant containing an oxidizer as a main component, mixing the oxidizer with another fuel component, and molding the mixture. To form a solid propellant, the molded oxidizer may be replaced with a conventional powdered oxidizer in the general method for producing a solid propellant, and the mixing ratio, production conditions, mixing method, etc. are conventionally used. It is all right. Further, as the other components, fuel components such as binders and additives such as combustion modifiers which are usually used in solid propellants are used.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明す
る。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

【0011】[0011]

【実施例1】粒径約117ミクロンの粉状硝酸アンモニ
ウムを圧縮力100kg/cm2 で打錠機を用いて3m
m径、3mm長の円柱状に成形し、真比重にたいして測
定比重が96%としたものと、粉状のままのものとをポ
リブタジエンポリマーを主とするバインダーを用いて、
混合成型して、コンポジット系固体推進薬とした。
Example 1 Powdered ammonium nitrate having a particle size of about 117 microns was compressed with a compression force of 100 kg / cm 2 for 3 m using a tableting machine.
Using a binder mainly composed of a polybutadiene polymer, one having a diameter of 3 mm and a column having a length of 3 mm and having a measured specific gravity of 96% with respect to the true specific gravity and one in a powder state were used.
It was mixed and molded into a composite solid propellant.

【0012】酸化剤65重量%、バインダー35重量%
で比較したが、円柱状に成形したものをもちいたもの
は、粉状のままのものに比べ、混合に用いた混和器の負
荷電流の低下がみられ、混合性がよく、充填密度を高く
できた。併せて比推力の向上が可能となった。
65 wt% oxidizer, 35 wt% binder
However, compared with the powdered one, the load current of the kneader used for mixing was lower, the mixing property was better, and the packing density was higher. did it. At the same time, the specific thrust can be improved.

【0013】[0013]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、 本発明によれ
ば、製造上の問題が解決され、固体推進薬中の酸化剤の
充填性を高めることが可能となり、固体推進薬の総推力
向上、及び硝酸アンモニウムの固体推進薬への適用の幅
を広げることが出来る。
As described above, according to the present invention, the manufacturing problem is solved, and it becomes possible to enhance the filling property of the oxidizer in the solid propellant, thereby improving the total thrust of the solid propellant, The range of application of ammonium nitrate to solid propellants can be expanded.

Claims (5)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 固体推進薬中の酸化剤が粉体成形により
所定形状とされていることを特徴とする固体推進薬。
1. A solid propellant characterized in that the oxidizer in the solid propellant is formed into a predetermined shape by powder molding.
【請求項2】 固体推進薬がコンポジット系固体推進薬
であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の固体推進薬。
2. The solid propellant according to claim 1, wherein the solid propellant is a composite solid propellant.
【請求項3】 酸化剤が硝酸アンモニウムであることを
特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の固体推進薬。
3. The solid propellant according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is ammonium nitrate.
【請求項4】 所定形状とされている酸化剤が2種以上
の大きさの組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1
乃至請求項3記載の固体推進薬。
4. The oxidizing agent having a predetermined shape is a combination of two or more kinds of sizes.
To the solid propellant according to claim 3.
【請求項5】 粉砕された酸化剤を粉体成形し所定形状
とした後、他の燃料成分と混合し、成型してなることを
特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4記載の固体推進薬の製
法。
5. The solid propellant according to claim 1, wherein the crushed oxidizer is powder-molded into a predetermined shape and then mixed with another fuel component and molded. Manufacturing method.
JP5699094A 1994-03-28 1994-03-28 Solid propellant and its production Withdrawn JPH07267770A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5699094A JPH07267770A (en) 1994-03-28 1994-03-28 Solid propellant and its production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5699094A JPH07267770A (en) 1994-03-28 1994-03-28 Solid propellant and its production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07267770A true JPH07267770A (en) 1995-10-17

Family

ID=13042938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP5699094A Withdrawn JPH07267770A (en) 1994-03-28 1994-03-28 Solid propellant and its production

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH07267770A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001025169A1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2001-04-12 Nof Corporation Gas generator composition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001025169A1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2001-04-12 Nof Corporation Gas generator composition
US7081175B2 (en) 1999-10-06 2006-07-25 Nof Corporation Gas generating composition and method

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Effective date: 20010605