JPH07266403A - Twin-screw extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a twin-screw extruder capable of easily adjusting a gap and greatly reducing a time therefor. CONSTITUTION:A barrel 3 is fixed to a base plate 2 through fixing bolts 76 so as to move in the longitudinal direction of the barrel 3. The barrel 3 is connected to a driving means through adjusting bolts 78. A gap between an end plate 5 of the barrel 3 and a feed screw is adjusted by loosing the fixing bolts 76 and thereafter moving the barrel 3 sidewise through the adjusting bolts 78. After the barrel 3 is moved by a specific distance, the fixing bolts are fastened again.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention compresses (reduces volume) waste such as various plastics and discharges it as a high density material, or compresses and heats waste such as various plastics (self-heating or external The present invention relates to a twin-screw extruder which heats and softens and melts a thermoplastic processed product to mix melted materials (wood chips, paper scraps, and the like), solidify, reduce the volume, and discharge.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a single-screw or twin-screw extruder has been used as a method of compressing (reducing the volume of) bulky plastic waste. As an extruder of this type, a prior patent (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-52481) filed by the applicant of the present invention
No.) can be mentioned. This will be described with reference to FIGS. A twin-screw extruder 1 has a body 3 installed on a base plate 2. The body 3 has an elongated shape having two substantially circular side cross-sections, and is divided into two parts in the length direction and the up-down direction, and assembled by being connected by bolts and nuts or the like. A supply port 4 for an object to be treated (raw material) such as a plastic waste is provided in the upper part of the closed end of the body 3. The other end of the body 3 is opened to form a discharge port, and the discharge port is the end plate 5
Is blocked by. The end plate 5 is configured such that a bracket 7 protruding to one side thereof is connected to a bracket 8 provided on the body 3 by a connecting pin 9, and the end plate 5 is rotated about the pin as a fulcrum to open and close the discharge port. Further, the end plate 5 is fastened to the body 3 by the hydraulic clamp mechanism 11 in the closed state.

The end plate 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 on the same circumference centered on each circle of the body 3 and a similar through hole 14 at the center thereof. On the inner surface of the body 3, a split type body liner 15 that is divided into a plurality of pieces in the length direction and the vertical direction and has wear resistance is attached by a cotter 16. A pair of rotating shafts 17 and 18 are provided in the body liner 15 so as to be parallel to each other and rotatable in opposite directions. The rotary shafts 17 and 18 have a hexagonal cross section in the inner portion of the body liner 15, and six split feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ are fitted and fixed on their outer surfaces so as to mesh with each other. Then, each of the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ is assembled so as to have a continuous spiral shape. Although the rotating shafts 17 and 18 are hexagonal in cross section in this example, they are circular and the feed screws 20 ₁ to
0 ₆ may be connected with a key or the like. Although the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ are divided into six pieces, they may be integrally formed and fixed to the rotary shafts 17 and 18 by fitting.

Further, in FIG. 4, a scraping member 23 fixed to the end plates 5 of the rotary shafts 17 and 18 by bolts 22 in the vicinity of the end plate 5 is shown. The scraping member 23 is a discharge nozzle 33 described later. A plurality of scraping blades 24 for cutting a relatively long object to be clogged or a flat plate-shaped raw material are provided on the outer circumference, and are rotated as shown by the rotation of the rotary shafts 17 and 18. In addition, the scraping member 23 fixed to the rotary shafts 17 and 18
Has the same structure except that they are symmetrically arranged, and therefore the scraping member 23 fixed to the rotating shaft 17 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 5 to 6. To do. A concave groove 25 is formed on the downstream side surface of the scraping member 23 (the surface facing the end plate 5). This groove 2
The direction of 5 is the radial axis a passing through the center of the scraping member 23.
With respect to the scraping member 23, the scraping blade 2 is inclined by a predetermined angle θ ° (6 ° in the figure) on the rotation direction side.
The workpiece cut at 4 is guided and transferred to the discharge nozzle 33 side as the scraping member 23 rotates.

Further, FIG. 9 shows a grinding plate 28 having wear resistance, which is fitted and arranged in a recess 27 formed on the upstream side surface (scraping member 23) of the end plate 5. Are provided with through holes 30 and 31 communicating with the through holes 13 and 14 of the end plate 5, and the through holes 30 and 31 and the through hole 1 of the end plate.
A discharge nozzle 33 is mounted between the terminals 3 and 14 as shown in FIGS. In addition, the concave groove 3 is provided on the upstream side surface of the grinding plate 28.
5, 36 are formed. That is, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the direction of the groove 35 is inclined by a predetermined angle θ ° on the side opposite to the rotation direction of the scraping member 23 with respect to the radial axis b passing through the center of the grinding plate 28. In case of 60), the groove 3
The direction of 6 is substantially parallel to the radial axis, and thereby the object to be treated is guided to the discharge nozzle 33 side in cooperation with the concave groove 25 of the scraping member 23 as the scraping member 23 rotates. Transfer.

Further, FIG. 12 shows the details of the hydraulic clamp mechanism 11 of the end plate 5, where (A) shows the tightened state,
(B) The state before tightening. Reference numeral 40 denotes a tightening member arranged on the upper and lower portions of the flange portion 3a of the body 3 and the end plate 5,
The inclined side surface 4 formed in the recess 43 of the tightening member 40
1, 42 and the inclined surface 3b formed on the flange portion 3a of the body 3 and the inclined surface 5a formed on the end plate 5 are engaged or disengaged in a wedge shape. Tightening member 4
A hydraulic cylinder 45 is provided on the side opposite to the 0 recess 43. The rod 46 of the hydraulic cylinder 45 is loosely fitted in the through hole 47 of the tightening member 40 and is connected to the connecting member 48 embedded and fixed in the end plate 5. Fifty, five
Reference numeral 1 is a hole for supplying / discharging the hydraulic pressure to / from the cylinder. When the hydraulic pressure is applied from the supply / discharging hole 50, the inclined side surfaces 41 and 42 of the recess 43 of the tightening member 40 are fixed to the body 3 as shown in FIG. When the flange portion 3a of the body 3 and the upper and lower portions of the end plate 5 are fastened by fitting to the inclined surface 3b of the flange portion 3a and the inclined surface 5a of the end plate 5, and hydraulic pressure is applied from the supply / discharge hole 51, the fastening member 40 The inclined side surfaces 41, 42 of the recess 43 are separated from the inclined surface 3b of the flange portion 3a of the body 3 and the inclined surface 5a of the end plate 5 as shown in FIG.

Further, in FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 55 denotes a sizing cutting mechanism for the processed material. Reference numeral 56 denotes a support base provided in parallel with a bolt 57 with an appropriate distance from the end plate 5, and the base end of the bolt 57 rotates via a bracket 58 protruding from one side of the end plate 5 and a connecting pin 59. Connected as possible. Therefore, if the bolt 57 is removed, the support base 56 rotates about the pin 59 as a fulcrum. Two rotary blades 61 are rotatably provided at positions slightly deviated from the rotation axis of the support base 59, and a chain 6 is provided on a shaft 62 of the rotary blade 61 between sprockets.
3 and the like, and a motor 65 is provided on one shaft 62 via a coupling or the like. 6
Reference numeral 7 denotes a crushing protrusion provided on the inner surface of the body liner 15 immediately below the supply port 4 side, and is provided at a position corresponding to the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ . Reference numeral 68 denotes a heat transfer oil jacket formed on the downstream side surface of the end plate 5 by a cover plate 69. When the heat generation of the plastic is insufficient, the heat transfer oil is supplied to semi-melt the plastic. In addition, 71 is a cooling water injection port, 7
Reference numeral 2 is a thermocouple, and 73 and 74 are inlets and outlets of the heat transfer oil. Further, the rotary shafts 17 and 18 each have an end portion on the side of the supply port 4 penetrating the body 3, and are connected to a driving means (not shown) such as a motor or a speed reducer so as to rotate. Has become.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. When the object to be processed is dropped from the supply port 4 to the supply zone of the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ , the object to be processed is first fed to the feed screw 20 on the rotating shaft 17 rotating in the opposite directions, which are outside each other when viewed from the plane. It is roughly crushed by _{1 to} 20 ₆ and the crushing protrusion 67. After crushing, further feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20
It is transferred to the end plate 5 side by ₆ and the rotating shafts 17, 1
It is compressed and crushed by the rotating force of 8 and is ground by the grinding plate 28. Then, it reaches the vicinity of the end plate 5 and is sequentially discharged from the discharge nozzle 33. However, when the object to be processed is a relatively long string-like object, it is caught on the discharge nozzle, or at a portion without the discharge nozzle 33. There may be congestion. In such a case, the long string-like object to be processed is scraped off and cut by the scraping blade 24 of the scraping member 23 rotated by the rotating shafts 17 and 18, and is guided to the concave groove 25 after being finely divided. And is transferred to the discharge nozzle 33 side. At this time, concave grooves 35 and 36 are also provided on the facing surface of the grinding plate 28, and a grinding mill is provided by cooperation of a gap (about 5 mm in the case shown) between the concave grooves 25 and 35 and 36. By the action, the grinding effect on the object to be treated is further enhanced and the object is transferred to the discharge nozzle 33 side, so that the discharge becomes extremely smooth. In addition, an internal frictional action is generated in the meltable raw material to induce self-heating, which enables efficient softening and melting, and an efficient mixing action with the raw material to be melted, which causes a bulk return after discharge. It is possible to achieve sufficient volume reduction and solidification.

[0009]

By the way, a fixed gap is set between the end plate 5 and the scraping member 23 in order to obtain a predetermined degree of volume reduction. It wears and the gap becomes large. Since the degree of volume reduction varies depending on the size of the gap, the larger the gap, the lower the volume reduction. Therefore, if this gap is to be adjusted, the body 3 is fixed on the base plate 2 by bolts (not shown), and the rotary shafts 17, 18 are directly connected to the drive means (not shown) and cannot move in the axial direction. Therefore, the end plate 5 must be removed and a spacer plate (shim) must be interposed between the body 3 and the end plate 5. Therefore, the end plate 5 is disassembled and assembled especially because it is a heavy object. Work is tedious,
There is a problem that it takes several hours or more. The present invention has been made to improve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a twin-screw extruder in which the clearance can be easily adjusted and the time can be greatly shortened.

[0010]

To achieve the above object, a twin-screw extruder according to the present invention fixes a body to a base plate through a fixing bolt so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the body, and The driving means and the driving means are connected to each other through the adjusting bolts arranged in the horizontal direction.

[0011]

The gap between the end plate of the body and the feed screw is adjusted by first loosening the fixing bolt and then moving the body in the left-right direction with the adjusting bolt. After moving the body a predetermined amount, tighten the fixing bolt again.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Since FIG. 1 has basically the same configuration as FIG. 2 given as a conventional example, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and only a brief description will be given, and only characteristic portions will be described.
Further, although description is omitted for FIG. 3 and the subsequent figures, it goes without saying that a similar configuration is adopted in implementing the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a twin-screw extruder, which has a body 3 installed on a base plate 2. The body 3 has an elongated shape having two substantially circular side cross-sections,
Both the length direction and the vertical direction are divided into two parts, which are connected and assembled by bolts and nuts and the like. A supply port 4 for an object to be treated (raw material) such as a plastic waste is provided in the upper part of the closed end of the body 3. The other end of the body 3 is opened to form a discharge port, and the discharge port is closed by an end plate 5. The end plate 5 rotates about one end of the body 3 as a fulcrum to open and close the discharge port.
Further, the end plate 5 is fastened to the body 3 by a hydraulic clamp mechanism 11 described later in a closed state.

The end plate 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 on the same circumference around each circle of the body 3 and a similar through hole 14 at the center thereof. On the inner surface of the body 3, a split type body liner 15 which is divided into a plurality of pieces in the length direction and the vertical direction and has wear resistance is attached by a cotter 16. In the body liner 15, a pair of rotating shafts 17,
18 (see FIG. 2) are provided so as to be parallel to each other and rotatable in opposite directions. The rotary shafts 17 and 18 have a hexagonal cross section in the inner portion of the body liner 15, and six split feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ are fitted and fixed on their outer surfaces so as to mesh with each other. Then, each of the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ is assembled so as to have a continuous spiral shape. Although the rotating shafts 17 and 18 are hexagonal in cross section in this example, they are circular and the feed screw 20 is
It may be connected to the _{1-20 6} key and the like. Further, although the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ are divided into six pieces, one feed screw may be fitted and fixed to the rotary shafts 17 and 18. Reference numeral 23 denotes a scraping member fixed to the end plates 5 of the rotary shafts 17 and 18 in the vicinity of the end plates 5 by bolts 22. The scraping member 23 is a relatively long member for closing a discharge nozzle 33, which will be described later. The rotary shaft 1 has a plurality of scraping blades 24 for cutting a processed material or a plate-shaped raw material on the outer circumference.
By the rotation of 7 and 18, they rotate outward in different directions.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a wear-resistant grinding plate 28 which is fitted and arranged in a recess 27 formed on the upstream side surface of the end plate 5 (a surface facing the scraping member 23). Are provided with through holes communicating with the through holes of the end plate 5, and a discharge nozzle 33 is attached to these through holes and the through holes of the end plate. 11
Is a hydraulic clamp mechanism 11 for the end plate 5, and is a tightening member 40 arranged on the upper and lower portions of the flange 3a of the body 3 and the end plate 5.
Then, the end plate 5 is detachably fixed to the body 3. Reference numeral 55 is a sizing cutting mechanism for the processed material, 56 is a support base provided with a bolt 57 in parallel with the end plate 5 at an appropriate interval, and the base end of the bolt 57 is rotatably connected to the end plate 5. ing. Two rotary blades 61 are provided at a position slightly deviated from the rotation axis of the support base 56.
Is rotatably provided, and the rotary blade 61 is provided at the tip of the shaft 62.

Reference numerals 3a and 3b are legs and flanges of the body 3. The leg portion 3a is provided with a long hole 75 oriented in the longitudinal direction of the body 3. Although this long hole is shown only on the front side of the body 3 in the drawing, it is also provided on the back side. The body 3 is fixed to the base plate 2 by tightening the fixing bolts 76 through the long holes 75.
Fix on top. Reference numeral 77 is a speed reducer fixed on the base plate 2 by bolts or the like, and the ends of the rotary shafts 17, 18 protruding from the body 3 are connected to the speed reducer. 77a is a flange of the speed reducer 77. Reference numeral 79 is a drive motor, which constitutes a drive means together with the speed reducer 77. An adjusting bolt 78 is horizontally extended between the flange 3b of the body 3 and the flange 77a of the speed reducer 77 to connect them.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. When the object to be processed is dropped from the supply port 4 to the supply zone of the feed screws 20 _{1 to} 20 ₆ , the object to be processed is first fed to the feed screw 20 on the rotating shaft 17 rotating in the opposite directions, which are outside each other when viewed from the plane. _{1 to} 20 ₆ and transferred to the end plate 5 side, during which it is compressed and crushed by the rotating force of the rotary shafts 17 and 18, and is ground by the grinding plate 28. Then, it reaches near the end plate 5 and is sequentially discharged from the discharge nozzle 33. However, in the case where the object to be processed is a relatively long string-like object,
The discharge nozzle is caught or the discharge nozzle 3
There may be congestion in areas where there is no 3. In such cases,
This long string-shaped object is scraped off by the scraping blade 24 of the scraping member 23 rotated by the rotating shafts 17 and 18 and cut into fine pieces, and then extruded into the discharge nozzle 33 and discharged. It In addition, an internal frictional action is generated in the meltable raw material to induce self-heating, which enables efficient softening and melting, and an efficient mixing action with the raw material to be melted, which causes a bulk return after discharge. It is possible to achieve sufficient volume reduction and solidification.

When adjusting the gap between the end plate 5 and the scraping member 23, first, the fixing bolt 76 is loosened to release the fixing between the body 3 and the base plate 2. Next, the nut of the adjusting bolt 78 is turned to move the body 3 in the left-right direction via the flange 3b. At this time, since the scraping member 23 is integrated with the speed reducer 77 via the rotary shafts 17 and 18, it does not move in the left-right direction. When the predetermined gap is reached, the fixing bolt 76 may be tightened again. As described above, the adjustment of the gap does not require the work of removing the end plate (or the grinding plate 28), and therefore the work is extremely easy and can be completed in a short time (about 30 minutes).

In the above embodiment, the rotary shafts 17 and 18 are
Although the scraping member 23 is provided at the end portion of the end plate 5 side close to the end plate 5, there is no scraping member 23, that is, the feed screw is extended to the rotary shaft end to the rotary shaft end. Then, it can also be adopted in a known twin-screw extruder of a type in which a predetermined gap is provided between the feed screw and the end plate.

[0019]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. Since the body is fixed to the base plate through the fixing bolts so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the body, and the body and the driving means are connected through the adjusting bolts arranged horizontally, the end plate and the feed screw are connected. The gap can be adjusted extremely easily, easily and in a short time as compared with the conventional method of removing the end plate, and the operating rate can be increased accordingly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing a twin-screw extruder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken front view showing a conventional twin-screw extruder.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the above, partially omitted and partially broken.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the scraping member.

FIG. 6 is a side view on the upstream side of the scraping member.

FIG. 7 is a side view taken along the line DD of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a side view on the downstream side of the scraping member.

FIG. 9 is a side view taken along the line E-E of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a side view of an upstream side surface of a grinding plate incorporated in an end plate.

11 is a partially enlarged side view of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a partial view taken along line F of FIG.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged side view of the hydraulic clamp mechanism, where (A) shows a tightened state and (B) shows a state before tightening.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 biaxial extruder 2 base plate 3 the body 4 supply port 5 end plates 17 and 18 rotating shaft 20 ₁ to 20 ₆ feed screw 23 scraping member 33 exhaust nozzle 75 long hole 76 fixing bolt 77 reducer 78 adjustment bolt 79 motor

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location B29B 17/00 ZAB 9350-4F

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A body in which a raw material supply port is provided on an upper portion fixed to a base plate on one end side, and an end plate having a plurality of discharge holes is attached to the other end side, and a body facing direction. A pair of rotary shafts rotatably provided on the rotary shaft, a feed screw provided on the rotary shaft, and a drive means provided at an end of the rotary shaft projecting from the body, and supplied from the supply port. In a twin-screw extruder configured to compress a raw material as it is conveyed by a feed screw and discharge it as a high-density material from a discharge hole of an end plate, a fixing bolt for fixing the body to the base plate so as to be movable in a longitudinal direction of the body. The twin-screw extruder is characterized in that the body and the drive means are connected to each other via adjustment bolts arranged in the horizontal direction.