JPH07258660A - Hydrocarbon oil composition having excellent low-temperature flow - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a hydrocarbon oil compsn. which has excellent cold flow properties by comprising a major amt. of a hydrocarbon oil, a minor amt. of a copolymer, as an active ingredient, of an alkyl(meth)acrylate with maleic anhydride, an unsatd. hydrocarbon polymer, an ester, and a wax anti-settling agent.

CONSTITUTION: A major amt. of a hydrocarbon oil, minor amts. of a copolymer, as active ingredients, of at least one n-8-40C alkyl(meth)acrylate with maleic anhydride, and an additive selected from a homopolymer or copolymer derived from an unsatd. hydrocarbon monomer, such as ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, and styrene, an ester of a 2-30C carboxylic acid with an alcohol, such as a 2-20C alkanol, glycerol, or erythritol, and a wax anti-settling agent are formulated to obtain the contemplated hydrocarbon oil compsn. having improved cold flow properties.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to hydrocarbon oil compositions and additive concentrates containing alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer mixtures, and the use of such mixtures to improve the cold flow properties of hydrocarbon oils. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Light oil,
Hydrocarbon oils such as diesel oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil and crude oil contain varying amounts of paraffin. The proportion of long-chain n-paraffins particularly affects the cold flow behavior of oils. Cooling n
-The paraffins separate as plate crystals, which interact to form a three-dimensional network, in which the still liquid oil is trapped, which increases the viscosity of the oil and reduces its fluidity. Will result. In light oil and diesel oil, this phenomenon blocks the filter, and in crude oil, gelation occurs and deposits are formed in pipelines and storage tanks, resulting in significant loss of production and storage capacity.

It is well known that the problem can be alleviated by adding a so-called fluidity improver to such oil.

European Patent EP-B2-61 895 discloses at least two C ₁₀ -C ₃₀ as cold flow improvers for distillate fuel oils boiling at 120-500 ° C.
A polyoxyalkylene ester, ether, ester / ether or mixture thereof, which comprises a linear saturated alkyl group and a polyoxyalkylene glycol having an alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a molecular weight of 200 to 2,000; 0.0001 to 0.0 based on the weight of fuel
It is disclosed to be used in an amount of 5% by weight.

US Pat. No. 3,419,365 discloses liquid hydrocarbon distillates, pour point depressants and / or
Or a small amount effective to act as a thermal decomposition inhibitor,
Disclosed is a composition suitable for use as a fuel, comprising a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene random or block copolymer additive having a molecular weight of about 2,000 to 200,000. The examples in this patent specification only describe the pour point depressing activity of hydrogenated styrene-butadiene random copolymers.

Canadian Patent CA-A-1 130 232
The specification describes a method for dewaxing hydrocarbon oils,
(A) Average molecular weight of 300,000 to 2,000,000
0 to ₁₃ parts by weight of C _{13 to} C ₃₀ alkyl (meth) acrylate ester polymer, and (b) 15 to 40% by weight of vinyl acetate, having an average molecular weight of 50,000 to
A filter aid comprising 5 to 95 parts by weight of 1,000,000 olefin / vinyl acetate copolymer is added in an amount of about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the hydrocarbon oil, to add the hydrocarbon oil. A method consisting of filtering is described.

It is said that the above method can improve the yield of dewaxed hydrocarbon stock which does not become turbid over time.

European Patent Application Publication EP-A-485 77
No. 3 is (A) a known fluidity improver based on ethylene, preferably a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or ethylhexyl acrylate, and (B) 10 to 95 mol% C ₁ -C. Copolymers each containing a small amount of one or more alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates having ₂₆ alkyl chains and 5 to 90 mol% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides. Describes petroleum middle distillate oils which have been significantly reacted with one or more primary or secondary amines to give monoamide or amide / ammonium salts of dicarboxylic acids.

Copolymer B is 10-95, preferably 40-95, most preferably 60-90 mol% of one or more alkyl (meth) acrylates and 5-90, preferably 5-60, most preferably. 10 to 40 mol% of 1
Includes one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides.

The alkyl group of the alkyl (meth) acrylate is said to contain 1 to 26, preferably 4 to 22, most preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups are preferably straight-chain and unbranched. However, up to 20% by weight of cyclic and / or branched alkyl component may be present.

Examples of particularly preferable alkyl (meth) acrylates include n-octyl (meth) acrylate,
Examples include n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth) acrylate, n-tetradecyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, n-octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.

Examples of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid and their anhydrides, and fumaric acid. Maleic anhydride is preferred.

The weight ratio of A: B is 40:60 to 95: 5,
Preferably 60:40 to 95: 5, most preferably 7
It is 0:30 to 90:10.

European Patent Application Publication EP-A-485 77
Includes components A and B in the table on pages 9-11 of specification No. 4
The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of some middle distillate oils is shown. Lines 20-23 below the table on page 11 note that in the middle distillate component A alone does not show a satisfactory effect, while component B alone actually worsens the CFPP. However, the combination of A and B synergistically reduces CFPP.

European Patent Application Publication EP-A-485 77
No. 4 discloses (A) known flow improvers based on ethylene, preferably copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or ethylhexyl acrylate, and (B) (a) 10-90. preferably 40 to 90, in particular 60 to 90 mol%, and one or more alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates having C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkyl chain, (b) 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, particularly 10 to 30 mol% of one or more ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides,
(C) 5 to 60, preferably 5 to 40, especially 10 to 30
Disclosed are petroleum middle distillate oils, each containing a minor amount of a copolymer consisting of mol% of one or more alkyl vinyl ethers having C _{18 to} C ₂₈ alkyl side chains.

The alkyl group of the alkyl (meth) acrylate is said to contain 1 to 30, preferably 4 to 22, most preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups are preferably straight-chain and unbranched. However, up to 20% by weight of cyclic and / or branched alkyl component may be present.

Examples of particularly preferred alkyl (meth) acrylates include n-octyl (meth) acrylate,
Examples include n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth) acrylate, n-tetradecyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, n-octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.

Examples of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid and their anhydrides, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof. Maleic anhydride is preferred.

Examples of alkyl vinyl ethers include octadecyl vinyl ether, eicosyl vinyl ether, docosyl vinyl ether, tetracosyl vinyl ether, hexacosyl vinyl ether, octacosyl vinyl ether and mixtures thereof.

The weight ratio of A: B is 40:60 to 95: 5,
Preferably 60:40 to 95: 5, most preferably 7
It is 0:30 to 90:10.

The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of middle distillates containing components A and B is described in European Patent Application Publication EP-
See the tables on pages 11-12 of A-485 774.

As described on page 12, lines 35-38 of the specification, component A alone does not have a very satisfactory effect, whereas component B alone actually worsens the CFPP. However, the combination of A and B synergistically reduces CFPP.

[0023]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Here, surprisingly,
It has been found that copolymers of n-alkyl (meth) acrylates and maleic anhydride in combination with certain other additives exhibit advantageous flow improver activity in a range of hydrocarbon oils.

Therefore, according to the present invention, a large amount (50% by weight or more) of a hydrocarbon oil and a small amount of at least one n- (C ₈ -C ₄₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate as an active ingredient, respectively. A copolymer of maleic anhydride,
There is provided a hydrocarbon oil composition comprising a homopolymer or copolymer derived from unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers, an ester and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of wax antisettling agents.

The (meth) acrylate / maleic anhydride copolymer (additive (i)) is preferably one or more n- (C ₈ -C ₃₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate, more preferably one or more. n- (C ₉ ~C ₂₅ alkyl)
(Meth) acrylates, in particular one or more n-(C ₉ -C
It is a copolymer prepared from ₂₂ alkyl) (meth) acrylate. Acrylate is most preferred.

The number average molecular weight (M _n ) of this copolymer can be varied within wide limits. For example, the copolymer is 500 to 10
50,000, preferably 1,000 to 50,000, more preferably 2,000 to 35,000, even more preferably 3,000 to 20,000, advantageously 4,000.
It may have a number average molecular weight of ˜12,000. The number average molecular weight can be conveniently determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a polystyrene basis.

Processes for preparing copolymers of alkyl (meth) acrylates and maleic anhydride are well known in the art, for example EP-A-48.
5773, EP-A-485 774 and US-A-4 663 491.

A structure in which the copolymer comprises substantially alternating (meth) acrylate monomer units and maleic anhydride monomer units (ie, an alternating copolymerization degree of at least 85).
%), Particularly advantageous results are obtained. Such highly alternating copolymers are disclosed in European Patent Application Publication EP-A-
No. 636 637, and is manufactured by the method described therein. In this method, at least one n- (C ₈ ~C ₃₀ alkyl) in a predetermined molar amount (meth) acrylate, the Mairein anhydride predetermined molar amount, 20 to 100 mol% (meth) acrylate / Time At a rate of addition (dosage rate). Here, the ratio of the predetermined molar amount of (meth) acrylate to the predetermined molar amount of maleic anhydride is 1: 1 to 1: 5. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a radical-forming initiator such as α, α′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN), conveniently in a solvent such as toluene.

Homopolymers or preferably copolymers derived from unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers (additive (i
i)) may be partially (selectively) or wholly hydrogenated, for example.

The number average molecular weight (M _n ) of the homopolymer or copolymer can vary within wide limits. For example, 500 to 50
50,000, preferably 1,000 to 150,000,
More preferably 2,000 to 100,000, especially 1
It may have a number average molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000. The number average molecular weight can be conveniently determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a polystyrene basis.

The unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer is preferably 2
-20, more preferably 2-12, especially 2-8 carbon atoms. Monomers can be aliphatic or aromatic.

Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1,3.
-Butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1
-Hexadecene, 1-octadecene, styrene, α-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene and 2-vinylnaphthalene. ethylene,
1,3-Butadiene and styrene are particularly preferred.

If additive (ii) is a copolymer, 2
It may be derived from one or more different unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers, some of which are other monomers such as vinyl pyridines (eg 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine), alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (eg 2 -Ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate), and vinyl esters of carboxylic acids (eg vinyl acetate and vinyl stearate).

Additive (ii) is preferably an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer or a hydrogenated styrene / butadiene copolymer.

Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers with a vinyl acetate content of up to 40% are available from the Aldrich Ch
electrical Company Ltd. , U. K. Is commercially available from.

Examples of hydrogenated styrene / butadiene copolymers useful in the present invention include the Royal Dutc
Alliance companies of h / Shell Group are trademarks "KR"
Some are sold at ATON ”.

The ester (additive (iii)) is C _2-
A C ₃₀ , preferably C _{2 to} C ₂₀ , especially C _{4 to} C ₁₈ carboxylic acid is used as an alcohol, such as a C _{2 to} C ₃₀ alkanol, especially a C ₂₁ alkanol (eg behenyl alcohol) or the Royal Dutch / Shell Gr.
C ₉ -C ₁₅ monohydric alcohols such as straight chain alkanols Federation various companies oup is marketed under the trademark "DOBANOL" or, such as glycerol, erythritol or European Patent EP-B2-61 895 Pat the described poly The ester obtained by reacting with a polyhydric alcohol such as oxyalkylene glycol is preferable.

Examples of carboxylic acids include malic acid, succinic acid, and C ₁₀ -C ₃₀ fatty acids, especially stearic acid and behenic acid.

The most preferred ester is malic acid with C ₂₁
It is obtained by reacting alkanol or stearic acid with glycerol or erythritol, respectively.

Examples of wax antisettling agents (additives (iv)) are the trademark "PARAFLLOW" (eg "PARAFL
OW "450; made by PARAMINS)," OCTEL "
(For example, "OCTEL" W 5000; made by OCTEL)
And “DODIFLOW” (eg “DODIFLO
W "V 3958; manufactured by HOECHST), which is commercially available." PARALOW "(trademark) 4
50 wax antisettling agents are particularly preferred for use in the present invention.

Advantageously, additive (i) and additive (i
The combined use of one or more of i), (iii) and (iv) may improve the low temperature fluidity of hydrocarbon oils such as light oils, diesel oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils and crude oils. In the hydrocarbon oil composition of the present invention, the active ingredients are combined and present in an amount of 1 to 2000 mg per kg of hydrocarbon oil, that is, the total amount of active components is 1 to 1 kg of hydrocarbon oil.
Conveniently it is in the range of 2000 mg. The total amount of active ingredients is 5 to 1 per kg of hydrocarbon oil.
It is preferably 1000, more preferably 10-500, even more preferably 10-200, especially 50-200 mg.

The weight ratio of additive (i) to additive (ii) is
Preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, more preferably 10:
1 to 1: 5, especially 6: 1 to 1: 2.

The weight ratio of additive (i) to additive (iii) is preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, more preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5, especially 1: 1 to 1: 2. .

The weight ratio of additive (i) to additive (iv) is
Preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, more preferably 5: 1.
˜1: 5, especially 1: 1 to 1: 4.

The hydrocarbon oil composition of the present invention can be produced by separately adding the active ingredient to the hydrocarbon oil. That is, the active ingredient itself, or more preferably its solution (each containing, for example, 50% by weight of the active ingredient),
Add to hydrocarbon oil in desired calculated amount. Suitable solvents for preparing the solution include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; alcohols such as butanol; toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene,
Hexane, octane, cyclohexane and the Ro
Those sold under the trademark "SHELLSOL" by the federal companies of yal Dutch / Shell Group.

However, the hydrocarbon oil composition is conveniently produced by mixing the additive concentrate with the hydrocarbon oil. Accordingly, the present invention further comprises an inert carrier liquid,
As an active ingredient, a copolymer of at least one n- (C ₈ ~C ₄₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate and maleic anhydride, homopolymers or copolymers derived from unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, preventing esters and waxes precipitation At least one additive selected from the group consisting of agents, wherein the active ingredient is combined to form 10 to 8 of the concentrate.
An additive concentrate comprising 0% by weight is provided.

The inert carrier liquid is toluene, xylene or the Royal Dutch / Shell Gr.
Conveniently it is a hydrocarbon solvent such as those sold by the Oup federations under the trademark "SHELLSOL". Alternatively, the carrier liquid is theRoyalDutch /
Federation companies of Shell Group are named "HVI"
Or it may be a mineral oil based oil such as those sold under the trade name "XHVI" (TM).

The hydrocarbon oil composition may be
Various other additives such as dispersants, detergents, corrosion inhibitors and viscosity index improvers may be included.

The invention further comprises at least one copolymer of n- (C ₈ -C ₄₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate and maleic anhydride for the purpose of improving the low temperature fluidity of hydrocarbon oils and unsaturated. There is provided a combination with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers derived from hydrocarbon monomers, esters and wax antisettling agents.

[0050]

The invention will be further understood from the following examples. In this example, unless otherwise stated, the cited number average and weight average molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography on a polystyrene basis.

Example 4 A solution of four acrylate / maleic anhydride (MALA) copolymers (designated MA1, MA2, MA3 and MA4) in toluene was prepared. Each solution is 50% by weight
(50 wt% actives). MA1
Has a number average molecular weight (M _n) 7,700 and alternating copolymer of 90%, was highly alternating copolymer of C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride. MA1
Corresponds to the copolymer of Example 1 of EP-A-636 637. MA2 was made EP EP-A-636 637 Pat manner analogous to Example 1, was highly alternating copolymer of C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride. MA2 had a number average molecular weight of 7,200 and an alternating copolymerization degree of 96%. MA3 has a number average molecular weight of 10,900.
And C produced by conventional methods having an alternating copolymerization degree of 53%
It was a copolymer of ₂₂ alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride. MA4 has a 80% number-average molecular weight 5,900 and alternating copolymerization degree, C ₉ -C prepared in a conventional manner
It was a copolymer of ₁₂ alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride.

Similarly, a 50 wt% solution (50 wt% active content) of the following additives in toluene was prepared. However, the additive (2) was used directly.

(1) Ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer (vinyl acetate content 25%; M _n 3100)
0; from ALDRICH); (2) "PARALOW" (TM) 450 wax anti-sedimentation agent (PAR450) (from PARAMINS) -GPC analysis of this product reveals about 22% aromatic solvent and _Mn.
It was found to contain about 78% solids containing 23,000 polymers and low molecular weight active ingredients; (3) di-C ₂₁ malate ester (ES1), a diester formed from malic acid and behenyl alcohol; (4) Glycerol tristearate (ES2); (5) Erythritol tetrastearate (ES3); (6) Formula S-B-S [where S is the weight average molecular weight (M
_w ) represents a polystyrene block of 7,500, B
Represents a hydrogenated polybutadiene block having a weight average molecular weight of 86,000, initially hydrogenated to at least 90% of its unsaturation], "KRATON" G 1650 styrene / containing 29% by weight of polystyrene.
Butadiene copolymer (SB1) (manufactured by SHELL); and (7) Formula S-B-S [where S is a weight average molecular weight of 9,
Represents 900 polystyrene blocks, B represents a hydrogenated polybutadiene block having a weight average molecular weight of 63,000, with at least 90% of the initial unsaturation], and 29.5 wt% polystyrene. KRATON "(TM) G 1652 styrene / butadiene copolymer (SB2) from SHELL.

Various combinations of the acrylate / maleic anhydride containing solution and the additive containing solution were blended into a series of gas oils (designated a, b, c, d and e) preheated to 50 ° C. and obtained. Clog point of low temperature filter (CFP)
P) was measured according to standard test method IP 309/83.

Light oil a has a density of 836 kg at 15 ° C.
/ M ³ , viscosity at 40 ° C. 3.17 mm ² / s, sulfur content 0.11% by weight, and boiling range: 10% = 204
It was a German diesel fuel oil having a temperature of 50 ° C., 50% = 259 ° C. and 90% = 324 ° C.

Light oil b has a density of 843 kg at 15 ° C.
/ M ³ , sulfur content 0.18% by weight, and boiling range: 1
0% = 229 ° C., 50% = 279 ° C. and 90% = 345
It was a diesel fuel oil for automobiles having a temperature of ℃.

Light oil c has a density of 853 kg at 15 ° C.
/ M ³ , a viscosity of 3.82 mm ² / s at 40 ° C. and a sulfur content of <0.3% by weight, a French industrial gas oil.

Light oil d has a density of 841 kg at 15 ° C.
/ M ³ , a viscosity at 40 ° C. of 3.46 mm ² / s and a sulfur content of <0.5% by weight, a French automotive gas oil.

Light oil e has a density of 834 kg at 15 ° C.
/ M ³ , viscosity at 40 ° C 2.38 mm ² / s, sulfur content 0.12% by weight, and boiling range: 10% = 198
It was a Dutch diesel fuel oil having a temperature of 50 ° C., 50% = 252 ° C. and 90% = 326 ° C.

The light oils a to e had an aromatic content of 20 to 30% by weight.

The CFPP values obtained are shown in Table I below.
In the table, the amount of the copolymer solution or the additive solution added to the light oil is expressed in mg of the polymer solution or mg of the additive solution per kg of light oil (solution mg / kg). In addition, Table I also contains the results of some comparative tests performed (Comparative Examples A-AB) (Test Nos. 1-5, 10, 14, 17,
19, 21, 24-26, 28-30, 32, 34-3
6, 38, 41-43, 47 and 48).

The data presented in Table I clearly show that the hydrocarbon oil compositions of the present invention (Examples I-XXVI) exhibited very advantageous cold flow properties. In fact, the data show that for each of the various gas oils tested, the CFPP was synergistically reduced by the combined use of additives.

[0063]

[Table 1]

[0064]

[Table 2]

[0065]

[Table 3]

[0066]

[Table 4]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C10M 129/74 143/02 143/10 143/12 145/14 145/16 // C10N 30:02 30:04 30:08 (72) Inventor Marinus Johannes Reinout Netherlands, 1031 S. Am Amsterdam, Badhaisweisch 3 (72) Inventor Henrix Paulus Maria Tomatsen Netherlands , 1031 S. M. Amsterdam, Bad Haisueich 3

Claims (11)

[Claims] [1 claim: a large amount of hydrocarbon oil, a small amount of each as an active ingredient, a copolymer of at least one n- (C ₈ ~C ₄₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate and maleic anhydride, unsaturated hydrocarbons A hydrocarbon oil composition comprising a homopolymer or copolymer derived from a monomer, an ester and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of wax antisettling agents. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one (meth) acrylate is selected from n- (C ₈ -C ₃₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the at least one (meth) acrylate is selected from n- (C ₉ -C ₂₂ alkyl) acrylates. 4. The homopolymer or copolymer is
A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which is derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms. 5. The homopolymer or copolymer is
The composition of claim 4 which is a copolymer derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms. 6. The composition according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer is selected from ethylene, 1,3-butadiene and styrene. 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the ester is obtained by reacting a C ₂ -C ₃₀ carboxylic acid with an alcohol. 8. The alcohol is a C _{2 to} C ₃₀ alkanol, glycerol or erythritol.
The composition according to. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredients are combined and are present in an amount of 1 to 2000 mg (active matter) per kg of the hydrocarbon oil. 10. An inert carrier liquid, which is derived from at least one copolymer of n- (C ₈ -C ₄₀ alkyl) (meth) acrylate and maleic anhydride as an active ingredient and an unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer. An additive concentrate comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer or copolymer, an ester and a wax antisedimentation agent, wherein the active ingredient together comprises 10 to 10% of the concentrate.
Additive concentrate accounting for 80% by weight. 11. At least one n- (C ₈ -C ₄₀ alkyl) for improving the low temperature fluidity of a hydrocarbon oil.
A combination of a copolymer of (meth) acrylate and maleic anhydride with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers derived from unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers, esters and wax antisettling agents.