JPH07251281A - Method for joining aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Method for joining aluminum alloy

Info

Publication number
JPH07251281A
JPH07251281A JP6043452A JP4345294A JPH07251281A JP H07251281 A JPH07251281 A JP H07251281A JP 6043452 A JP6043452 A JP 6043452A JP 4345294 A JP4345294 A JP 4345294A JP H07251281 A JPH07251281 A JP H07251281A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
laser
welding
power density
narrow groove
pulse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP6043452A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3229110B2 (en
Inventor
Tatsuhiko Sakai
辰彦 坂井
Naoya Hamada
直也 浜田
Atsushi Sugibashi
敦史 杉橋
Katsuhiro Minamida
勝宏 南田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corp filed Critical Nippon Steel Corp
Priority to JP04345294A priority Critical patent/JP3229110B2/en
Publication of JPH07251281A publication Critical patent/JPH07251281A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3229110B2 publication Critical patent/JP3229110B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform the welding by a laser beam machine of low mean output density in an optimum weldable area where the pulse peak output density and the mean output density are parameters by the narrow gap pulse CO2 laser beam welding. CONSTITUTION:The narrow gap laser beam welding is performed by using the pulse CO2 laser beam in the area to satisfy the relationship of 70 X exp(-20 XPa) <= Pp <= 18000 X exp(-16 X Pa) where Pp (MW/cm<2>) is the pulse peak output density of the laser beam, and Pa(MW/cm<2>) is the mean output density at a narrow gap closely attached part 3.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はアルミハニカム等の構造
材、自動車部品及び缶製品などの製造に用いるアルミニ
ウム合金の接合方法に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for joining aluminum alloys used for manufacturing structural materials such as aluminum honeycomb, automobile parts and can products.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】アルミは一般的に金属のレーザ加工で用
いられるYAG,CO2 レーザの波長域では反射率が高
く、また、熱伝導率が高いため、レーザによる効率のよ
い入熱は困難である。そこで従来、アルミのレーザ溶接
では大出力の連続波(CW)のYAG,CO2 レーザを
用い、かつ焦点距離の短いレンズ等でレーザ光を微小ス
ポットに集光し、平均的なパワー密度を大きくすること
で対応していた。しかし、これらの方法は大型のレーザ
装置が必要となり、設備的にコストが高いし、過大な入
熱のため特に薄板の場合、溶接点近傍や裏面に不必要な
変形などの熱影響が発生する問題があった。
2. Description of the Related Art Aluminum has a high reflectance and a high thermal conductivity in the wavelength range of a YAG or CO 2 laser, which is generally used for laser processing of metals, so that efficient heat input by the laser is difficult. is there. Therefore, conventionally, in laser welding of aluminum, a high output continuous wave (CW) YAG, CO 2 laser is used, and the laser light is focused on a minute spot by a lens having a short focal length to increase the average power density. I was responding by doing. However, these methods require a large laser device, are expensive in terms of equipment, and have excessive heat input, especially in the case of a thin plate, which causes thermal effects such as unnecessary deformation near the welding point and the back surface. There was a problem.

【0003】また、特開平5−228661号公報や特
開平5−228662号公報のように溶接部の凝固割れ
や凹みを防止するために、溶接すべきアルミニウム材と
して溶加材が予め被覆されたものを用いてレーザ溶接を
行う方法か、溶加材を複合押出により表面に複合一体化
した複合材を製作した後、この複合押出材に熱間圧延を
施して、これを溶加材層を表面に有する板材に形成した
ものを用意し、この溶加材複合アルミニウム板を用い
て、レーザ溶接を行う方法が提案されている。更には、
特開平4−214898号公報はアルミ材のめっき後の
処理の際、被処理材を支持台に取り付けて、処理液に浸
される。この時、被処理材を支持台にレーザ溶接で取付
け、またレーザ切断で切り離す。この時使用するレーザ
装置としてCO2 レーザ、平均出力1600W、パルス
ピーク出力3000W、周波数10〜3000Hz、ま
た、YAGレーザ、平均出力400×3台、パルスピー
ク出力5000W×3台の仕様が開示されている。
Further, in order to prevent solidification cracking and dents in the welded portion, as in JP-A-5-228661 and JP-A-5-228662, a filler material is previously coated as an aluminum material to be welded. Laser welding method using a material, or after producing a composite material in which the filler material is composite-integrated on the surface by composite extrusion, the composite extrusion material is hot-rolled to form a filler material layer. A method has been proposed in which a plate material formed on the surface is prepared and laser welding is performed using this filler material composite aluminum plate. Furthermore,
In JP-A-4-214898, the material to be treated is mounted on a support and immersed in the treatment liquid during the treatment after plating the aluminum material. At this time, the material to be processed is attached to the support base by laser welding and separated by laser cutting. As the laser device used at this time, the specifications of CO 2 laser, average output 1600 W, pulse peak output 3000 W, frequency 10 to 3000 Hz, YAG laser, average output 400 × 3 units, pulse peak output 5000 W × 3 units are disclosed. There is.

【0004】特開昭59−30492号公報にはアルミ
合金の溶接性向上のため、アルミニウムとアルミニウム
合金或いはアルミニウム合金同志を溶接する場合に両溶
接母材と成分の異なるアルミニウム合金よりなるフィラ
ーメタルを両溶接母材間に介在させて、YAGレーザに
より両溶接母材を溶接する方法や特開平4−33958
4号公報は被溶接部に間隙を設け、レーザ光を特定の角
度で入射し、間隙内でのレーザ光の多重反射で接合面を
加熱する金属筒体の製造方法や特開平2−142686
号公報は狭開先レーザ溶接と超音波シーム溶接の組合せ
によるアルミニウム合金製溶接缶胴体の製造方法が提案
されている。
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-30492 discloses a filler metal made of aluminum alloy having a different composition from both welding base materials when welding aluminum and aluminum alloy or aluminum alloys in order to improve weldability of aluminum alloy. A method of welding both welding base materials with a YAG laser intervening between the two welding base materials and JP-A-4-33958.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-142686 discloses a method of manufacturing a metal cylinder in which a gap is provided in a welded portion, laser light is incident at a specific angle, and a joint surface is heated by multiple reflection of laser light in the gap.
In the publication, a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy welded can body by a combination of narrow groove laser welding and ultrasonic seam welding is proposed.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述した特開平5−2
28661号公報や特開平5−228662号公報にあ
っては、特にレーザ出力特性については記載がなく、ま
た、溶加材を被覆しなければならないので汎用性に劣る
と言う問題がある。また、特開平4−214898号公
報はレーザのピーク出力と平均出力密度(W/cm2
の兼ね合いについては特に示されていないし、また、狭
開先溶接でない。特開昭59−30492号公報は特開
平5−228661号公報や特開平5−228662号
公報と同様、特にレーザ出力特性については何ら記載が
なく、また、溶加材を被覆しなければならないので汎用
性に劣ると言う問題がある。更に、特開平4−3395
84号公報は多重反射を利用する観点からは狭開先溶接
法の基本特許と同じで、そのバリエーションの一つであ
るが、しかし、レーザについてはYAG,CO2 が好ま
しいとあるだけで出力性能には何ら限定がないし、材料
の限定もない。また、特開平2−142686号公報は
レーザについてのYAG或いはCO2 の限定がなく、実
施例ではCW,YAG600Wを使用しているのが実状
である。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In Japanese Patent No. 28661 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 228662/1993, there is no description about the laser output characteristics, and there is a problem that the versatility is poor because the filler material must be coated. Further, JP-A-4-214898 discloses a laser peak output and average output density (W / cm 2 ).
The trade-off is not shown, and it is not narrow groove welding. As in JP-A-5-228661 and JP-A-5-228662, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-30492 does not describe any laser output characteristics in particular, and since the filler material must be coated. There is a problem that it is inferior in versatility. Furthermore, JP-A-4-3395
No. 84 is the same as the basic patent of the narrow groove welding method from the viewpoint of utilizing the multiple reflection, and it is one of its variations, but the output performance is only because YAG and CO 2 are preferable for the laser. There is no limitation on the material, and there is no limitation on the material. Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-142686, there is no limitation on YAG or CO 2 for a laser, and in the embodiment, CW, YAG600W is actually used.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明はこれらの問題を
解消し、パルスCO2 レーザを用いて、時間的にも高密
度なレーザ光を入射することで、アルミ材料を瞬間的に
溶融状態にすることが可能であることの知見のもとに、
狭開先レーザ溶接により、パルスピーク出力密度と平均
出力密度をパラメータにした溶接可能最適領域を見出
し、低平均出力のレーザ装置で溶接を可能としたもので
ある。その発明の要旨とするところは、アルミの狭開先
レーザ溶接による接合方法において、パルスCO2 レー
ザを用い、狭開先密着部におけるレーザ光のパルスピー
ク出力密度をPp(MW/cm2 )とし、平均出力密度
をPa(MW/cm2 )とするとき、Ppが70×ex
p(−20×Pa)以上であり、かつ18000×ex
p(−16×Pa)以下なる領域を満足する条件で溶接
することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の接合方法にあ
る。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves these problems, and a pulsed CO 2 laser is used to inject a laser beam having a high density with respect to time, whereby an aluminum material is instantaneously melted. Based on the knowledge that it is possible to
The narrow groove laser welding finds the optimum weldable region with the pulse peak power density and average power density as parameters, and enables welding with a laser device of low average power. The gist of the invention is to use a pulsed CO 2 laser in a joining method by aluminum narrow groove laser welding, and set the pulse peak power density of the laser light in the narrow groove close contact portion to Pp (MW / cm 2 ). , Pp is 70 × ex when the average power density is Pa (MW / cm 2 ).
p (−20 × Pa) or more and 18,000 × ex
A welding method for an aluminum alloy is characterized in that welding is performed under conditions satisfying a region of p (-16 x Pa) or less.

【0007】[0007]

【作用】以下本発明について図面に従って詳細に説明す
る。図1は本発明に係るアルミの狭開先によるレーザ溶
接の斜視図である。図1に示すように、二枚の溶接材料
であるアルミニウム合金板1を押さえロール2によって
押さえながら連続的に狭開先密着部3にパルスCO2
ーザを用いてレーザ光をレンズ4によって光を調整しな
がらレーザ溶接を行っている状態を示している。なお、
符号5は二枚に溶接材料であるアルミニウム合金板1の
レーザ溶接された溶接部である。このように狭開先によ
るレーザ溶接を対象としている。ここで狭開先溶接とは
図1にも示しているように、物体の接合面の少なくとも
一方を曲げて溶接部へ導入して、この溶接部で他方の接
合面へ密着し、そして溶接部の前方では楔状空隙を作る
ようにしたものを言う。この状態でレーザビームを楔状
空隙の開放面側より奥部へ向けて投射してアルミニウム
合金板の接合面の両面を加熱、溶着させるものである。
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of laser welding with a narrow groove of aluminum according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, while pressing two aluminum alloy plates 1 which are welding materials with a pressing roll 2, a pulsed CO 2 laser is continuously applied to a narrow groove contact portion 3 to emit a laser beam through a lens 4. It shows a state where laser welding is being performed while adjusting. In addition,
Reference numeral 5 is a laser welded portion of the aluminum alloy plate 1 which is a welding material. In this way, laser welding with a narrow groove is targeted. Here, the narrow groove welding is, as shown in FIG. 1, bending at least one of the joint surfaces of the object and introducing it into the welded portion so that the welded portion adheres to the other joint surface, and the welded portion In front of, it is said that a wedge-shaped void is created. In this state, the laser beam is projected from the open surface side of the wedge-shaped void toward the inner part to heat and weld both surfaces of the joining surface of the aluminum alloy plate.

【0008】図2はパルスピーク出力密度に係る時間と
出力との関係を示す図である。図2に示すように、狭開
先レーザ溶接を適用した場合にパルスピーク出力密度と
平均出力密度が時間tと共にt1 時間の周期で生じてい
ることが判る。すなわち、パルスピーク出力6のパルス
エネルギー(J/pulse)をEとし、パルス時間幅
2 とすると、E/t2 [W]、パルス繰返し周期数
[HZ ]=1/t1 [1/sec]、また、平均出力は
パルスエネルギー(E)×繰返し周期数(1/t1 )=
E/t1 [W]で表すことが出来る。そこでビーム断面
積をSとすると、次の式で表すことが出来る。 パルスピーク出力密度Pp=(E/t2 )/S[W/cm2 ] … (1) 平均出力密度Pa=(E/t1 )/S[W/cm2 ] … (2) なお、ここで各出力密度は狭開先を作らずにレンズから
の距離だけで決まるレーザビーム断面積[cm2 ]に含
まれるパワー密度である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and output related to the pulse peak power density. As shown in FIG. 2, when the narrow groove laser welding is applied, it is understood that the pulse peak power density and the average power density occur with the time t in the cycle of t 1 hour. That is, assuming that the pulse energy (J / pulse) of the pulse peak output 6 is E and the pulse time width is t 2 , E / t 2 [W] and the pulse repetition period number [H Z ] = 1 / t 1 [1 / sec], and the average output is pulse energy (E) × repetition period number (1 / t 1 ) =
It can be represented by E / t 1 [W]. Therefore, when the beam cross-sectional area is S, it can be expressed by the following equation. Pulse peak power density Pp = (E / t 2 ) / S [W / cm 2 ] ... (1) Average power density Pa = (E / t 1 ) / S [W / cm 2 ] ... (2) Here Then, each output density is a power density included in the laser beam cross-sectional area [cm 2 ] which is determined only by the distance from the lens without forming a narrow groove.

【0009】図3は本発明に係る平均出力密度Paとピ
ーク出力密度Ppとの関係を示す図である。図3に示す
ように、アルミニウム合金材料に狭開先レーザ溶接法を
適用した場合、パルスピーク出力密度Ppと平均出力密
度Paをパラメータにした溶接可能領域、すなわち、7
0×exp(−20×Pa)≦Pp≦18000×ex
p(−16×Pa)の領域である図3に示す斜線部
(B)であることが判明した。すなわち、領域(A)で
は入熱不足により溶融現象が起こらない。また、領域
(C)では過大な入熱のため溶融を通り越し、蒸発に至
るため溶接欠陥が発生し、良好な溶接が出来ない。更に
は、この領域では大型のレーザ装置が必要となり経済性
が悪化する。そこで狭開先レーザ溶接を適用した場合、
パルスピーク出力密度と平均出力密度が上記式を満足す
る領域に該当する値にする必要がある。それ未満である
と溶接が不可能であることを示している。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average power density Pa and the peak power density Pp according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, when the narrow groove laser welding method is applied to an aluminum alloy material, a weldable region in which the pulse peak power density Pp and the average power density Pa are parameters, that is, 7
0 × exp (−20 × Pa) ≦ Pp ≦ 18000 × ex
It was found to be the hatched portion (B) shown in FIG. 3, which is a region of p (−16 × Pa). That is, the melting phenomenon does not occur in the area (A) due to insufficient heat input. Further, in the region (C), due to excessive heat input, the material passes through the melting and vaporizes, resulting in welding defects, and good welding cannot be performed. Further, a large laser device is required in this area, which deteriorates the economical efficiency. Therefore, when narrow groove laser welding is applied,
It is necessary that the pulse peak power density and the average power density be values corresponding to the region where the above formula is satisfied. If it is less than that, welding is impossible.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】供試材として、厚さ0.23mmのアルミニ
ウム合金3004なる薄板を重ね合わせ、開放側から狭
開先密着部にレーザビームを照射しながら押さえロール
にて二枚を溶接した溶接板を得るもので、そのレーザは
次のような条件で行った。 レーザ装置:高速パルスCO2 レーザ(波長10.6μ
m) パルスピーク出力 0.5〜20KW 平均出力 100〜500W パルス繰り返し周波数 1KHz 集光レンズ:ZnSeレンズ 集点距離f=5゛,7.
5゛ 材料 :アルミニウム合金 3004 材料移動速度:250mm/sec 狭開先密着部でのレーザビーム断面積S: f=5゛ S=1.96×10-3cm2 f=7.5゛ S=4.07×10-3cm2
[Example] As a test material, a thin plate made of aluminum alloy 3004 having a thickness of 0.23 mm is overlapped, and two sheets are welded by a pressing roll while irradiating a laser beam to the narrow groove contact portion from the open side. The laser was operated under the following conditions. Laser device: High-speed pulsed CO 2 laser (wavelength 10.6μ
m) Pulse peak output 0.5 to 20 KW average output 100 to 500 W Pulse repetition frequency 1 KHz Focusing lens: ZnSe lens Focusing distance f = 5 ″, 7.
5 "Material: Aluminum alloy 3004 Material moving speed: 250 mm / sec Laser beam cross-sectional area S at narrow groove contact portion S: f = 5" S = 1.96 × 10 -3 cm 2 f = 7.5 "S = 4.07 × 10 -3 cm 2

【0011】その溶接結果を図4に示す。図4は図3と
同様に平均出力密度とピーク出力密度との関係を示す図
であって、レンズ集点距離を5インチ(127mm)お
よび7.5インチ(191mm)の各レンズを用いた場
合の溶接の可否を○●×で表示した。すなわち、○はレ
ンズ集点距離を5インチの場合、●はレンズ集点距離を
7.5インチの場合のそれぞれの溶接可能な点を示して
いる。また、×はレンズ集点距離を5インチ、××はレ
ンズ集点距離を7.5インチのそれぞれの溶接不可能な
点を示している。これより判るように溶接可能点は本発
明のPp条件を満たしていることが判る。
The welding results are shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the average power density and the peak power density, similar to FIG. 3, in the case where each lens having a lens focusing distance of 5 inches (127 mm) and 7.5 inches (191 mm) is used. Whether or not welding is possible is indicated by ○ ● ×. That is, ∘ indicates a weldable point when the lens focal point distance is 5 inches, and ● indicates a weldable point when the lens focal point distance is 7.5 inches. In addition, “X” indicates a lens focal point distance of 5 inches, and “XX” indicates a lens focal point distance of 7.5 inches, which cannot be welded. As can be seen, the weldable point satisfies the Pp condition of the present invention.

【0012】[0012]

【発明の効果】以上述べたように、本発明によってパル
スCO2 レーザをアルミの狭開先レーザ溶接に適用し、
パルスのピーク、平均出力を制御することで効率的にア
ルミ溶接を行える。また、高ピーク出力のレーザを用い
ることで溶接に必要な平均レーザ出力を下げることが可
能で、小型のレーザ装置で低コストで溶接が可能とな
り、しかも、高Mg含有アルミ溶接にも優れた低入熱で
熱影響の少ない溶接が可能である等種々の優れた効果を
奏するものである。
As described above, according to the present invention, the pulsed CO 2 laser is applied to the narrow groove laser welding of aluminum,
Aluminum welding can be performed efficiently by controlling the peak and average output of the pulse. Also, by using a laser with a high peak output, it is possible to reduce the average laser output required for welding, and it is possible to perform welding at a low cost with a small laser device. It has various excellent effects such as welding with little heat influence by heat input.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明に係るアルミの狭開先によるレーザ溶接
の斜視図、
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of laser welding with a narrow groove of aluminum according to the present invention,

【図2】パルスピーク出力密度に係る時間と出力との関
係を示す図、
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between time and output related to pulse peak power density,

【図3】本発明に係る平均出力密度とピーク出力密度と
の関係を示す図、
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between an average power density and a peak power density according to the present invention,

【図4】平均出力密度とピーク出力密度との関係を示す
図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an average power density and a peak power density.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 アルミニウム合金板 2 押さえロール 3 狭開先密着部 5 レンズ 6 パルスピーク出力 1 Aluminum alloy plate 2 Pressing roll 3 Narrow groove contact part 5 Lens 6 Pulse peak output

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 南田 勝宏 神奈川県相模原市淵野辺5−10−1 新日 本製鐵株式会 エレクトロニクス研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Katsuhiro Minanda 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa Nippon Steel Stock Association Electronics Research Laboratories

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 アルミの狭開先レーザ溶接による接合方
法において、パルスCO2 レーザを用いて、狭開先密着
部におけるレーザ光のパルスピーク出力密度をPp(M
W/cm2 )とし、平均出力密度をPa(MW/c
2 )とするとき、Ppが70×exp(−20×P
a)以上であり、かつ18000×exp(−16×P
a)以下なる領域を満足する条件で溶接することを特徴
とするアルミニウム合金の接合方法。
1. A method of joining aluminum by narrow groove laser welding, wherein a pulsed CO 2 laser is used and a pulse peak power density of laser light at a narrow groove close contact portion is set to Pp (M
W / cm 2 ) and the average power density is Pa (MW / c
m 2 ), Pp is 70 × exp (−20 × P
a) or more and 18000 × exp (−16 × P)
a) A method for joining aluminum alloys, which comprises welding under the conditions satisfying the following regions.
JP04345294A 1994-03-15 1994-03-15 Aluminum alloy joining method Expired - Fee Related JP3229110B2 (en)

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JPH07251281A true JPH07251281A (en) 1995-10-03
JP3229110B2 JP3229110B2 (en) 2001-11-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010279965A (en) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Laser welding method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010279965A (en) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Laser welding method

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JP3229110B2 (en) 2001-11-12

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