JPH07251036A - Distillation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a distillation apparatus capable of efficiently irradiating a soln. with solar heat, reduced in installation area and capable of being constructed in low cost. CONSTITUTION:A separation membrane 4 permitting the solvent of a soln. S to transmit in a gaseous state but not in a liquid state is attached to the lower opening 2 of a container 1 having the soln. S received therein and the upper opening of the container 1 is covered with a heat permeable lid 5. A receiving tray 6 of a distillate W is provided to the lower part of the container 1 and, when the soln. S in the container 1 is irradiated with solar heat H from above, solar heat H transmitted through the lid 5 heats the soln. S in the container 1 and the solvent vapor V generated from the heated soln. S transmits through the separation membrane 4 to come into contact with the surface of the receiving tray 6. The vapor V is cooled and condensed upon the contact with the surface of the receiving tray 6 to generate a condensate D. The condensate D is accumulated in the receiving tray 6 to obtain a distillate W. Since the condensate D is generated in the lower part of the container 1, solar heat H is not blocked by the condensate D.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a distillation apparatus which utilizes solar heat and is mainly used for desalination of seawater.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a distillation apparatus of this type, the one shown in FIG. 2 is conventionally known. The distillation device shown is
The solution S is provided below the chevron-shaped condensing plate 10 that transmits the solar heat H.
A container 11 in which is put is placed, and a tray 12 for the distillate W is provided below both ends of the condensation plate 10.

In the above distillation apparatus, when the solar heat H is applied from above the condensation plate 10, the solar heat H penetrates the condensation plate 10 and heats the solution S contained in the container 11. The solvent of the heated solution S rises to vapor V and rises to the condensation plate 10.
Touch the inner surface of. The contact causes the steam V to be cooled and condensed to form condensation D. The condensed water D drops along the inner surface of the condensation plate 10 and is accumulated in the tray 12 to obtain the distillate W.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned distillation apparatus, when the inner surface of the condensation plate 10 is covered with the dew condensation D, the penetration of the solar heat H is hindered and the efficiency is lowered.

For this reason, heat is radiated from the bottom side of the container 11 by using a reflecting mirror, a prism, an optical fiber, etc., but all of them have large heat loss and are inefficient. Further, there is a problem that the device becomes complicated and large, the installation area becomes large, and the manufacturing cost also increases.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a distillation apparatus which can efficiently irradiate a solution with solar heat, has a small installation area, and can be manufactured at low cost.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a lower opening of a container containing a solution,
If the solvent of the above solution is a liquid, it will not permeate, but if it is a gas, a separation membrane will be attached, the upper opening of the container will be covered with a heat permeable lid, and a distillate pan will be provided below the container. I did.

[0008]

When solar heat is applied from above the container containing the solution, the solar heat passes through the lid and heats the solution in the container. The solvent vapor generated in the heated solution permeates the separation membrane, contacts the surface of the saucer, and is cooled to form dew condensation. Condensation accumulates in the pan and distillate is obtained.

Since dew condensation occurs below the container, the solar heat is not blocked by the dew condensation.

[0010]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated, the container 1 containing the solution S has a lower opening 2 and an upper opening 3. The lower opening 2 is provided with a separation membrane 4 that does not allow permeation if the solvent of the solution S is a liquid but permeates if it is a gas. A lid 5 made of a heat-permeable material such as glass or transparent acrylic is detachably provided in the upper opening 3, and by covering the upper opening 3 with the lid 5, the container 1 is sealed. Below the container 1, a tray 6 for the distillate W is provided.

The operation of distilling seawater as the solution S using the above-mentioned distillation apparatus will be described.

The solar heat H radiated from above the container 1 passes through the lid 5 and heats the solution S contained in the container 1. The vapor V of the solvent generated in the heated solution S passes through the separation membrane 4 and comes into contact with the surface of the tray 6 to be cooled, thereby forming dew D. The dew condensation D is accumulated in the saucer 6, and the distillate W that is fresh water is obtained.

Since the dew condensation D occurs below the container 1, the solar heat H is not blocked by the dew condensation D.

Further, by changing the separation membrane 4 depending on the type of the solution S, it can be used for distillation of not only seawater but also other solutions.

The container 1 and the tray 6 are integrally formed,
The tray 6 may be provided with an outlet for the distillate W.

[0016]

According to the present invention, as described above, a separation membrane that does not permeate liquid solvents but permeates liquid gases is attached to the lower opening of the container, and the heat-permeable lid is attached to the upper opening of the container. Since the solution is placed in the container, the solution placed in the container is heated by the solar heat that has passed through the lid, and the vapor of the solvent generated in the heated solution passes through the separation membrane. The transmitted vapor is
It comes into contact with the surface of a saucer provided below the container and is cooled to cause dew condensation. Condensation accumulates in the pan and distillate is obtained.

Since the dew condensation occurs under the container, the solar heat is not blocked by the dew condensation, and the solar heat can be efficiently applied to the solution.

Further, since it is small, the installation area is small, and the structure is simple, so that it can be manufactured at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a distillation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a conventional distillation apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 container 2 lower opening 3 upper opening 4 separation membrane 5 lid 6 saucer

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A separation membrane is provided in the lower opening of a container containing a solution so that the solvent of the solution does not permeate if the solvent is a liquid, but does not permeate if it is a gas, and the upper opening of the container is covered with a heat permeable lid. A distillation device that covers and a distillate pan is provided below the container.