JPH0723668A - House for agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable smooth transfer of pollen by a bee in a farm house having hindered transmission of near ultraviolet rays. CONSTITUTION:This house for agricultural use is produced by stretching a film having a spectral transmittance at 340nm wavelength corresponding to 70% of the spectral transmittance at 550nm wavelength and a total light transmittance of >=70% as a roof material and is provided with a means for irradiation the crops in the house with light containing near ultraviolet rays having wavelength of 310-380nm.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an agricultural house, and more particularly to an agricultural house capable of smoothly carrying out pollen transfer by bees in a house in which near ultraviolet rays are blocked by a roofing material. Is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, fruits, and flowers has become popular, and it has become possible to harvest regardless of the season. Among them, strawberry is not only labor-saving and pollen-borne by bees. , Which helps to improve the yield of good products. Based on these achievements, even in the cultivation of other crops such as melons, persimmons, watermelons, pears, kiwis, peaches, etc., the pollen vector (insect medium) by insects mainly composed of bees is used.
Is expanding.

[0003] On the other hand, in an agricultural house using an organic resin film whose roofing material of the house has improved resistance to light deterioration due to an ultraviolet absorber, 340 necessary for bee activities.
It has become clear that honeybees do not satisfactorily carry out mediating activities due to a shortage of near-ultraviolet rays centered on nm.

[0004] In this agricultural house, the roof material of the house has a long life, pests are not easily generated, the equipment in the house is not deteriorated by light, and the colors of crops, especially flowers are not natural. It has the advantage of being able to do so, and the effect will be great if pollen transmission by bees becomes possible.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention have arrived at the present invention as a result of earnest research to develop means for enabling pollen transmission by bees even in the above-mentioned greenhouse that does not transmit near-ultraviolet rays.

[0006]

That is, the present invention provides a roofing material having a spectral transmittance of 340 nm at a wavelength of 340 nm.
Is 70% of the total spectral transmittance and the total light transmittance is 70%.
% Of the film is spread, and the farm house is provided with means for irradiating the crops in the house with light containing near-ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 310 to 380 nm.

In the present invention, the agricultural house as a roofing material has a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 340 nm of 70% or less of a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm and a total light transmittance of 70.
The film is a house in which a film having a light transmittance of not less than 10% is spread, but its structure is not particularly limited. Above all, a so-called hard house in which a polyester resin film is used as a roofing material and a steel frame is used as a structural material is preferable.

The polyester resin film includes (1) a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a density of 1.390 g / cc or less, and (2) an ultraviolet absorbent (particularly, an ultraviolet absorber on one or both sides of the biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film). A thin layer of a resin containing or not containing light having a wavelength of 360 nm or less) is laminated, particularly coated, and (3) the biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film has an ultraviolet absorber (especially a wavelength of 360 nm or less). Those which absorb the above light) are preferably used. Further, as another roofing material film, a vinyl chloride resin film containing an ultraviolet absorber (particularly, a material that absorbs light of 360 nm or less) is also preferably used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a light transmissive film (including sheet) having a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 340 nm of 70% or less of a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is used regardless of whether it is a new article or after a lapse of time. it can. Bees having a spectral transmittance at 340 nm exceeding 70% of the spectral transmittance at 550 nm are not covered by the present invention because honeybees are active even if they do not depend on the present invention.

In the present invention, as means for irradiating the cultivated crops in the house with light containing near-ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 310 to 380 nm, the following can be preferably mentioned.

(1) Xenon lamp: It has an advantage that the spectral distribution in the ultraviolet visible region is close to that of natural daylight. This lamp has a short arc type and a long arc type. Since the short arc type contains ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less which are not found in natural daylight, it is desirable to pay attention to eye protection.
The long arc type has less ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less and is more suitable.

(2) Fluorescent lamp for trapping insects: the peak of spectral distribution is around 360 nm, 300 nm to 480 nm
It has the advantage of having around the wavelength of light emission. Therefore, it is suitable as a light source for promoting the activity of bees.

(3) Natural-light fluorescent lamp: Trulight, which is a trade name, can be mentioned. It is close to the spectral distribution of sunlight, and daylight fluorescent lamps and white fluorescent lamps emit very little in the near-ultraviolet region, whereas it emits near-ultraviolet rays in a proportion close to outdoor natural light, so it is a light source that promotes honeybee activity. Is suitable as

(4) Black light lamp: The maximum value of light emission is around 350 nm, and it has an advantage that it mainly emits near-ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 300 to 410 nm.
Therefore, it is suitable as a means for compensating for the near-ultraviolet region.

(5) Daylighting of skylight: It is also effective to form a part of the skylight with a glass or resin plate through which near ultraviolet rays are transmitted. It may also be an opening / closing window. However, honey bees are above 15 ℃,
It is desirable to use artificial lighting because it is necessary to have an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher, and in cold weather, the window is often closed because it is necessary to enhance heat retention.

These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is particularly preferable to combine the above (5) with one or more of the above (1) to (4). The reason is that the position of the sun is an important element in the means by which the bees transmit their flower positions to their companions, and the combination with (5) above, which makes it easy to confirm the position of the sun from within the house, promotes bee activity. Because.

Although the above-mentioned irradiation means in the present invention is operated when pollin mediating by a bee, the optimum illuminance may be increased or decreased by trial and error. This is for the following reason. Bees seem to be active in factors other than brightness, such as temperature, wind, and time. For example, when the outside air temperature is 20 ° C or higher, the bees may fly even with light rain. Therefore, the necessary near-ultraviolet rays are weak in a natural state. Moreover, it is difficult to easily measure the illuminance in the near-ultraviolet region.

By the way, in the case of a xenon lamp, since the light wavelength distribution is close to that of sunlight, the illuminance in the shade of trees during the day is 1.
There are more than 10,000 looks (lx). In addition, at the window side in the northern part of the day (northern hemisphere) is 2000 looks, 1000
Even with looks, bees can fly if the temperature conditions are good. It is desirable to turn on / off the lights at regular times every day.

In the agricultural house of the present invention, honey bees are preferable as the honey used for pollinating the crops in the house. There are several types of honeybees, each of which has different properties, but honeybees are preferably used for pollinating. Even bees of different types can be used for those that need to supplement the light rays in the near-ultraviolet region.

Near-ultraviolet rays seem to be involved in the activity of honeybees, and near-ultraviolet rays of 380 nm or less are blocked even in a bright house where 80% or more of light in the visible light region is transmitted. Stop the activity. Therefore, it is necessary to supplementarily irradiate the crops in the house with the light rays in the near-ultraviolet region.

The density of honeybees is not specified, but one birdhouse of several thousand to 10,000 or so can be pollinated by one or several house pollens. The goal can be generally achieved by actually working about one dog per are. Also, how to place the bee hive is not specified, but if you suddenly bring it into a house that does not receive near-ultraviolet rays, it may cause a panic, so you can voluntarily jump into the house near the house. However, it is preferable that the honey bees can be freely moved in and out from the skylight, or that the wall material is a natural light transmitting type material and the bees are placed in a position where the sky can be seen.

The period of pollen transmission varies depending on the crops. For example, strawberry is about 6 months mainly in winter and melon is about 10 days. Therefore, the lighting means may be permanently installed, or may be a temporary lease system for short-term mating. It is preferable that the lighting equipment is provided with a reflection shade so that near ultraviolet rays do not direct toward the roof material and the wall material. This is to prevent the deterioration of the above-mentioned material and to increase the area of the illumination light source to reduce the shadow portion.

[0022]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples.

[0023]

Example 1 Strawberries were cultivated in a hard house having an area of 3 are (a) with roofing materials and wall materials made of the following materials.

(1) Roof material: Density 1.375 g / cm
^{3. A} film of 150 μm thick biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film coated with an acrylic resin containing an ultraviolet absorber in a thickness of 3 μm on the outer surface. This film has the following characteristics. Absorption wavelength edge: 360 nm (Therefore, the spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 340 nm is almost 0%.) Total light transmittance: 86% (2) Wall material: Same as roof material. However, on the south side, the width of 6 m was replaced with an acrylic resin plate. The spectral transmittance of this acrylic resin plate at a wavelength of 340 nm was 98% of the spectral transmittance of a wavelength of 550 nm.

At the time of strawberry pollinator transmission, one nest box in which about 10,000 honeybees lived was placed close to the acrylic plate so that the honeybees could easily confirm the position of the sky, especially the sun. And a black light fluorescent lamp 605 with a reflective shade at a height of about 1 m at the upper end of the crop 5 m north of the birdhouse.
Ten FL8BLB (8 watts) were installed at intervals of 0.5 m. Further, five TRUE-LITE (registered trademark) 40W with a reflection shade were arranged parallel to each other at a distance of 1.5 m at the upper end of the crop of about 1.5 m at a position 5 m east away from the fluorescent lamp. Further, one 100W long arc type xenon lamp with a shade was installed at a position 5m east of the lamp TRUE-LITE (registered trademark) and at a position 3m from the surface of the earth.

These lamps were turned on from 8:00 to 16:00. Bees started flower visiting activities the day after they entered the house. The range of motion was limited to the vicinity of the birdhouse and the lower part of each lamp. There was no difference between the light sources when it was fine, but when it was cloudy, the xenon lamps tended to gather more. Crop growth: Fruits of strawberries set fruit only under and near each lamp and near the birdhouse. In addition, the strawberry far away from the birdhouse where the light from each lamp was not exposed had no reddish tinge even if it bore fruit, and it was yellowish and had no commercial value.

[0027]

[Comparative Example 1] In the same strawberry cultivation as in Example 1, when the lamp TRUE-LITE (registered trademark) was turned off while the honeybees were active during the day, the honeybees near the lamps stopped the flower-visiting activity and the birdhouse I went back to, and moved to another lamp.

When the xenon lamp was kept off from the morning in this cultivation, the honey bees did not gather in the direction of the xenon lamp.

Furthermore, when a UV-permeable alkali plate, which is a wall material near the birdhouse, is covered with the ceiling material of this embodiment, which has UV-blocking properties, the bees are not active on that day, and many of them are near the ceiling. He showed behavior that was not normally observed, such as gathering. When this cover was removed, it gradually returned to normal activities.

[0030]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to provide pollen mediated by bees even in a near-UV blocking house, which has many advantages other than insect media, and to provide an agricultural house of high industrial value. You can

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An agricultural greenhouse in which a film having a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 340 nm of 70% of a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm and a total light transmittance of 70% or more is spread as a roofing material. An agricultural house, which is provided with means for irradiating a crop in the house with light including near-ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 310 to 380 nm. 2. The agricultural house according to claim 1, wherein a means for irradiating light including near-ultraviolet rays is made to act when pollinating by bees is carried out.