JPH0721140B2 - Ballast fixing chemical - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chemical solution used for fixing ballast, such as ballast ballast on railroad tracks.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a railroad track has a structure in which a roadbed made of ballast such as crushed stone or gravel is placed on the roadbed, and sleepers are further placed on it to fasten rails, that is, a so-called roadbed track. Occupy most. The ballast made of the ballast has a role of dispersing the train load transmitted from the sleepers and transmitting it to the lower roadbed and absorbing vibrations when the train passes.

However, the ballast using a ballast has the following problems, for example. Ballast collapses ... The roadbed is several tens of hours due to passing trains.
Repeated vibration of z or more. Due to this vibration,
It is necessary to perform repair work because the compacted state of the ballast loosens and collapses. In particular, in the curved part of the track, in order to maintain the running safety of the train, the outer rail is attached with a "cant" that is higher than the inner rail, so crushed stones etc. that have been subjected to the above-mentioned vibration The ballast collapses over time, moving from the high part outside the track to the low part inside the track. As a result, the resistance of the sleepers to the rolling stock lateral pressure is reduced, resulting in a dangerous condition. For this reason, the flat part usually does not need to be repaired for one year or more, whereas the curved part needs to be repaired in a short period of time. Also,
Ballast tracks have a roundabout shape as the train passes, so repair work is required in a shorter period than concrete slab tracks such as slab tracks.

Ballast scattering due to snow damage ... In cold regions where there is snow in winter, snow blocks (ice blocks) often adhere to trains. The snow mass (ice mass) attached to the train melts and falls as the train moves to a warm area, and collides with the ballast. In particular, when the train is running, the impact is temporary but extremely large, and the ballast scatters, damaging surrounding private houses and parked cars.

Ballast scattering due to wind pressure: When a train passes over the roadbed at a high speed (for example, 200 km / h or more), the surface layer of the roadbed floats up due to the wind pressure of the train and collides with a train passing directly above. , Crushed stones are scattered.
Since the scattered crushed stones have the same speed as a passing train, they may damage the private houses along the line or parked cars, and inspect passengers and tracks waiting for the train on the platform. There is a risk of harming track maintenance workers.

Conventionally, as a method for solving the problem of such a roadbed, there have been, for example, the following methods (1) to (3). (1) A method of preventing ballast scattering or strengthening a ballast ballast by spraying a chemical solution in which rubber latex, synthetic resin, and cement are mixed to consolidate the ballast (JP-A-49-32306). Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 52-16810, etc.).

(2) A method of setting a net for preventing ballast scattering. (3) A method of forming a ballast using concrete or asphalt without using ballast.

[0008]

However, the above (1)
This method is hardly practiced at present because of the difficulty of controlling the rate of hardening of cement, the high cost, and the difficulty of keeping track of ballast due to the hardness of cement after spraying a chemical solution. In addition, the method (2) is performed only partially because of the difficulty of installing and removing the net, the high cost, the risk of an accident due to the train being caught in the net, and the like. Not not.

Since the method (3) is very expensive, it is performed only partially. In view of such circumstances, the present invention is, without impairing the train load dispersibility of the roadbed using ballast, vibration absorption, porosity, drainage, etc., ballast collapse, ballast scattering due to snow damage and wind pressure, etc. In addition to being able to prevent, the spraying work is easy and inexpensive, and the ballast can be tamped and crushed.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ballast fixing chemical liquid capable of forming a film having a fixing force that does not hinder track maintenance work such as scraping and leveling.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a ballast-fixing chemical solution according to the present invention (hereinafter, this may be simply referred to as "chemical solution") is a ballast-fixing chemical solution comprising a resin emulsion. And the viscosity is 5
It is characterized by having a non-volatile content of 10 cps or more and a dissolution rate of the film after film formation in water of 5 cps or less.

The chemical solution of the present invention must be composed of a resin emulsion. The dispersion medium of this resin emulsion needs to be water from the viewpoint of environmental pollution. The method of using the chemical solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but normally, using a rain dew or a sprayer, the chemical solution is atomized and sprayed on the ballast, and the chemical solution is allowed to penetrate between the ballasts, and then naturally dried. A method of fixing the ballasts to each other by forming the film by the above method is adopted.
In particular, in order to prevent the ballast from collapsing, it is preferable to allow the chemical solution to penetrate into the ballast deep inside the bed to fix the ballast. However, in order to prevent the ballast from scattering due to wind pressure or snow damage, the chemical solution does not have to penetrate the entire bed. This is because even if the chemical solution is allowed to penetrate only into the ballast on the surface layer of the roadbed to fix the ballast, the effect of preventing the ballast from scattering due to wind pressure or snow damage can be sufficiently obtained, and the cost can be reduced.

Since the chemical liquid of the present invention is used in this manner, it is easy to spray the chemical liquid, that is, the chemical liquid has good sprayability, permeability between ballasts, and dryness. is necessary. Physical properties of the drug solution (resin emulsion), such as viscosity, non-volatile content concentration, and average particle size, have a great influence on the sprayability, the permeability between ballasts, and the drying property of the drug solution.

The viscosity of the chemical solution must be 500 cps or less. If the viscosity exceeds 500 cps,
Since the chemical solution is less likely to be atomized, it becomes difficult to uniformly spread the chemical solution on the ballast. Also, when used for the purpose of preventing ballast collapse, since the chemical solution after spraying does not easily penetrate deep into the roadbed, the ballast adhesion layer is only near the surface, but the ballast adhesion layer is only near the surface. This is because the ballast is likely to collapse from the inside of the roadbed due to the vibration of the train, and the ballast collapse prevention effect is reduced.

In particular, in order to prevent the ballast from scattering due to the wind pressure, the viscosity of the chemical solution is preferably 20 cps or less. This is because the chemical liquid adhering to the ballasts collects at the contact points between the ballasts, improving the efficiency and reducing the cost. The non-volatile content concentration of the drug solution needs to be 10% by weight or more, and preferably 12% by weight or more, based on the entire drug solution. When the concentration of the non-volatile matter is less than 10% by weight, the amount of water as a dispersion medium becomes too large and the drying property deteriorates, and
This is because the amount of resin adhered to the ballast becomes too small after drying and the desired prevention effect cannot be obtained. Also, if the concentration of non-volatile components becomes too high, the cost will increase and
The upper limit of the concentration of non-volatile components is preferably 50% by weight because the viscosity becomes high and the dispersibility and permeability deteriorate.
The non-volatile concentration is preferably about 15 to 50% by weight in order to prevent ballast collapse, and is preferably about 30 to 50% by weight to prevent ballast scattering due to snow damage. In order to prevent it, about 12 to 35% by weight is preferable. In addition, in this specification, "-" represents "more than or equal to".

The average particle size of the chemical liquid affects the dryness and viscosity of the chemical liquid. Generally, the smaller the average particle size,
Although the drying property is improved, the viscosity is increased, and the spraying property and penetrability of the drug solution are deteriorated. Therefore, the average particle size of the drug solution is
In particular, about 50 to 300 nm is preferable for preventing ballast collapse or ballast scattering due to snow damage, and about 50 to 200 nm is preferable for preventing ballast scattering due to wind pressure.

Regarding the physical properties of the film (hereinafter, referred to as "ballast fixing film") after spraying such a chemical solution on ballast, drying and forming a film, the elution rate in water is generally. It is necessary to be low, and it is preferable to have excellent low-temperature film forming properties. In particular, in order to prevent the collapse of the ballast, it is preferable that it has excellent readhesion property. In order to prevent ballast scattering due to snow damage, it is preferable that it has excellent flexibility and strength at low temperatures. Further, in order to prevent the ballast from scattering due to wind pressure, it is preferable that the strength and hardness are appropriately excellent.

The elution rate of the ballast fixing film in water must be 5% by weight or less. Dissolution rate is 5
This is because when the content exceeds the weight%, a large amount of resin is eluted from the ballast fixing film due to rain or the like and the desired prevention effect is lost. The glass transition temperature is a factor that is a measure of strength, hardness, flexibility and readhesion of the ballast fixing film. The glass transition temperature is a temperature at which, when a polymer is heated, a phenomenon in which the polymer changes from a glassy hard state to a rubbery sticky state occurs. _If the glass transition temperatures of the components x ₁ , x ₂ , ..., X _n that are the structural factors of the polymer are known as the glass transition temperatures of the respective homopolymers, the glass transition temperature (T
g; unit ° C) can be determined from the following formula (c) by the weight fraction method.

1 / (Tg + 273) = W ₁ / (Tg ₁ +273) + W ₂ / (Tg ₂ +273) + ... + W _n / (Tg _n +273) (c) [wherein W ₁ , W ₂ , ..., W _n are the components x ₁ , x ₂ ,
, X _n represents the weight fraction, and Tg _1, Tg ₂ , ..., Tg _n are the glass transition temperatures (° C) of the components x ₁ , x ₂ , ..., x _n , respectively.
Represents In order to prevent the ballast from collapsing, it is desirable that even if the individual ballasts are separated by the vibration of the train, they are re-adhered by contact with other ballasts. Therefore, in order to prevent the collapse of the ballast, the glass transition temperature of the film is preferably −45 to + 10 ° C. This is because when the glass transition temperature is lower than -45 ° C, the film strength after drying becomes low and the ballast fixing force is remarkably lowered. Further, when the glass transition temperature exceeds + 10 ° C., the adhesive strength becomes insufficient, and re-adhesion does not occur after the ballast separation, so that the sustaining effect of the collapse prevention effect becomes small.

In order to prevent ballast scattering due to snow damage, the ballast fixing film preferably has excellent strength and flexibility at low temperatures. Therefore, in order to prevent ballast scattering due to snow damage, the glass transition temperature of the film is preferably −30 to + 20 ° C. When the glass transition temperature is lower than −30 ° C., the film strength becomes weak, and when the ice blocks collide with each other, the ballasts are separated and easily scattered. When the glass transition temperature exceeds 20 ° C., flexibility at low temperature becomes insufficient, the film becomes brittle, the ballast fixing force decreases, and the film forming temperature becomes high. A large amount of organic solvent is required, and as a result,
This is because it leads to high costs and environmental pollution.

In order to prevent the ballast from scattering due to the wind pressure, the ballast fixing film is such that the surface layer of the ballast does not rise due to the wind pressure during high-speed running of the train, and the prevention effect is sustained even if the ballast is trampled during patrol or maintenance, and It is preferable to have strength and hardness that do not hinder track maintenance work. Therefore, the glass transition temperature of the film is preferably −20 to + 20 ° C. in order to prevent ballast scattering due to wind pressure. When the glass transition temperature is lower than -20 ° C, not only the film strength after drying is low and the ballast fixing force is remarkably lowered, but also the film has an adhesive property, so that the film adheres to the sole when walking on the ballast, and the work This will hinder the operation. Further, when the glass transition temperature exceeds + 20 ° C., the film forming temperature becomes high, so that a large amount of organic solvent as a film forming aid is required, resulting in high cost and environmental pollution.

The normal track maintenance work is often performed at night. In particular, track maintenance work as a snow damage prevention measure,
It is usually held from 11 to 12 months. With this in mind,
The low temperature film forming property of the film becomes important. Therefore, the minimum film forming temperature is preferably 0 ° C. or lower so that there is no problem even if the temperature during nighttime work is 10 ° C. or lower. When the minimum film formation temperature exceeds 0 ° C., there is no problem even if the minimum film formation temperature is 0 ° C. or lower by adding a small amount of film formation aid.

The chemical solution according to the present invention needs to be a resin emulsion as described above. The resin emulsion is not particularly limited, but is preferably a copolymer emulsion of a vinyl-based monomer mixture containing the following predetermined amounts of the following monomers (A) and (B). (A) 30% by weight or more of one or more (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the following general formula (a).

[0023]

[Chemical 5]

(B) The following general formulas (b-1) and (b-
2), or 0.1 to 15% by weight of one or more hydrophilic monomers represented by (b-3).

[0025]

[Chemical 6]

[0026]

[Chemical 7]

[0027]

[Chemical 8]

[Equations (a), (b-1), (b-
2) and (b-3), R ¹ represents H or CH ₃ , R ² represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R ³ represents H or COOH, and R ⁴ represents H or CH. Represents ₂ OH. Specific examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms of the above (A) include
Although not particularly limited, for example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic acid 2- Examples thereof include ethylhexyl, octyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, and lauryl (meth) acrylate. The (meth) acrylic acid ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the (meth) acrylic acid ester is preferably used in an amount of 30% by weight or more in the vinyl-based monomer mixture. This is because, when the amount of the (meth) acrylic acid ester used is less than 30% by weight, a film having practically preferable flexibility cannot be obtained.

The hydrophilic monomer (B) is used for the purpose of imparting polymerization stability and improving stability during emulsion dispersion. Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid. 2-hydroxyethyl acid, etc. are mentioned. The hydrophilic monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The hydrophilic monomer is preferably used in the vinyl monomer mixture in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight. When the amount of the hydrophilic monomer used is less than 0.1% by weight, a stable latex cannot be obtained, and when the amount of the hydrophilic monomer used is more than 15% by weight, the water-soluble portion is used. This is not preferable because the amount of the emulsion increases and the emulsion thickens and the dissolution rate increases remarkably.

Even if the vinyl-based monomer mixture contains a vinyl-based monomer (C) other than (A) and (B) together with the monomers (A) and (B). Good. The vinyl-based monomer (C) is not particularly limited,
For example, non-crosslinking monomers such as ethylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, and vinyl chloride, and crosslinkable monomers such as glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate are used. Can be mentioned. Vinyl-based monomer (C) is 1
Only one species may be used, or two or more species may be used in combination. The amount of the vinyl-based monomer (C) used is preferably 60% by weight or less based on the entire vinyl-based monomer mixture. This is because if the amount used exceeds 60% by weight, the balance of weather resistance, flexibility, etc. of the ballast fixing film becomes poor, which is not preferable in practice.

The method for obtaining the resin emulsion which is the chemical solution according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and the same method as the conventional method for obtaining a resin emulsion can be used. For example, the monomers may be emulsion polymerized in water, or alternatively, the monomers may be polymerized by a polymerization method other than emulsion polymerization to obtain a polymer, and then the polymer may be emulsified in water. May be. The temperature and the like when polymerizing the monomer are not particularly limited. If necessary,
You may use a polymerization initiator, an emulsifier, etc. suitably.

The timing of adjusting the viscosity of the emulsion, the concentration of non-volatile components, etc. is not particularly limited. For example, when a resin emulsion is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, after the emulsion polymerization is completed, an amount of water or a monomer such that an emulsion having a desired viscosity and a nonvolatile content concentration can be obtained without any operation is added. Emulsion polymerization may be carried out in advance, or the emulsion obtained after the completion of emulsion polymerization may be concentrated or diluted to adjust its viscosity or nonvolatile content concentration to a desired value. It's good.

To the chemical liquid of the present invention, toners and pigments may be added, if necessary, as long as there is no problem in performance.

[0034]

[Function] When a resin emulsion having specific physical properties is used as the chemical liquid to be sprayed on the ballast, it does not hinder the train load-dispersion, vibration absorption, porosity, drainage, etc. of the ballast using the ballast. It is possible to prevent ballast collapse, snow damage, ballast scattering due to wind pressure, etc., and the spraying work is easy and inexpensive, and it does not hinder track maintenance work such as ballast compaction, crushing, and even scratching. It becomes possible to form a film having a non-sticking strength.

[0035]

EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition,
In each example, "part" and "%" are based on weight. In each example, various evaluations were performed by the following methods. Measurement of non-volatile content: About 1 g of emulsion was weighed in an aluminum dish of known weight, dried for 2 hours with a hot air dryer at 105 ° C., cooled,
The weight was measured. The nonvolatile content concentration was calculated from the following formula (d).

Nonvolatile content concentration (%) = {(weight after drying-weight of aluminum dish) / (weight of emulsion)} × 100
(D) Viscosity measurement: The container containing the emulsion was allowed to stand in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. for 2 hours or more, and then measured using a Brookfield type rotational viscometer (manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd .; BM type, 30 revolutions). did. Measurement of average particle size: Measured with a submicron particle size analyzer (Nozaki Sangyo, NICOMP MODEL 370). Measurement of minimum film forming temperature: Measured using a thermal gradient tester (manufactured by Nippon Rika Tester Co., Ltd.). Measurement of dissolution rate on film: wet250 on a glass plate
Apply the emulsion in micron, dry for 1 day at room temperature,
A 4 × 4 cm film was cut out and its weight was measured.
The test piece was immersed in 200 ml of deionized water for 1 week, the film was taken out, and the immersion water was placed in an aluminum dish for 10 minutes.
After drying at 0 ° C., the weight of the residue was measured. Then, the dissolution rate was calculated according to the following formula (e).

Dissolution rate (%) = {(immersion water dry residue) /
(Weight of film)} × 100 (e) Emulsion spray test: each emulsion 50
0 g was put and sprayed on the gravel (scattering area 1 m ² ), and the easiness of atomization and the wettability of the gravel surface were evaluated according to the following. However, the gravel used was crushed stone having a weight of 30 to 80 g / piece.

◯: Atomization was easy and the gravel surface was uniformly wet. Δ: It was easy to atomize, but there was unevenness in how the gravel surface wetted. ×: It was difficult to atomize, and there was unevenness in the way the gravel surface wetted. Emulsion Dryability Test: After performing the above-mentioned spraying test, the time until the resin on the gravel surface was dried was measured and evaluated as follows.

◯: It was dry after 1 hour. Δ: It was dry after 1 hour and 30 minutes. X: It was not dried yet after 2 hours. Ballast collapse prevention test: A section requiring a track maintenance work was selected in a place with a steep slope, usually for about one week, and the emulsion was sprayed on the section, and the time-lapse situation of the ballast was observed for two months. In the meantime, I saw one rain on the third day,
There were two more rainfalls within a month and two in the second month. The results were evaluated according to the following.

∘: Almost did not collapse after two months. △: Track maintenance work became necessary after one month. × ... Maintenance work became necessary after one week. Ballast scattering prevention test due to snow damage: Various chemicals were sprayed in the orbit using ballast. One week later, "air gun"
The confirmation test of the snow damage prevention effect was carried out by using. that time,
About 1 kg of ice was used as a bullet, and the ballast was bombarded at a speed of 130 km / hr to observe the scattered state of the ballast. The results were evaluated according to the following.

◯: The maximum ballast scattering was less than 1 m. Δ: The maximum ballast scattering was 1 m or more and less than 5 m. X: The maximum ballast scattering was 5 m or more. Test for preventing ballast scattering by wind pressure: After performing the above-mentioned spraying test, it was dried at room temperature for 1 day. The wind (50 m / s) was blown to the obtained sample (lump of gravel) to observe the movement of the gravel. The results were evaluated according to the following.

O: It did not move at all. △: There was a slightly moving part. ×: It worked well. Scraping test: Various chemical solutions were sprayed in a ballast orbit in the JR West Suitaho Line Ward. A week later,
The ballast was crushed using a tie tamper, and the ease of track maintenance work was judged according to the following.

◯: Although there was some resistance in the initial stage, it was possible to scrape it off with almost no problem. ×: There was resistance all the time, and the ballast could not be scraped apart. I. Regarding Application for Preventing Ballast Collapse-Example 1-220 parts of deionized water in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen introduction tube and a dropping funnel.
1 part of "HITENOL N-08" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ammonium sulfate; manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate were charged, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 80.
℃. In this, 80 parts of methyl methacrylate, 40 parts of styrene, 260 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,
20 parts of acrylic acid, 6 parts of "HITENOL N-08",
"Nonipol 200" (polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether; Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts and deionized water 1
A monomer emulsion consisting of 95 parts, 3 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate, and 3 parts of a 5% aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite were simultaneously flowed in over 3 hours. After the end of the inflow, stirring was further performed for 2 hours. During this time, the temperature is 80 ° C
Kept at. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added in such an amount that the pH of the polymerization liquid became 8. It stirred for 30 minutes, further cooling. After the stirring was completed, the generated content was taken out through an 80 mesh filter. Thus, a polymer latex (1) having a non-volatile content concentration of 50%, a viscosity of 1000 cps, an average particle diameter of 140 nm, a minimum film forming temperature of 0 ° C. or less, and a theoretical Tg of −33 ° C. was obtained.

Next, water is added to the latex (1),
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that this emulsion was excellent in all items and was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Example 2 Water was added to the latex (1) obtained in Example 1,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 20% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that this emulsion was excellent in all items and was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Example 3-180 parts of deionized water was placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a dropping funnel.
1 part of "HITENOL N-08" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ammonium sulfate; manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate were charged, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 80.
℃. In this, 140 parts of methyl methacrylate, 120 parts of styrene, 120 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
Parts, acrylic acid 20 parts, "HITENOL N-08" 6
Part, "Nonipol 200" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 3 parts and 160 parts of deionized water, a monomer emulsion, 3 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite 5%
3 parts of the aqueous solution were simultaneously allowed to flow in for 3 hours. After the end of the inflow, stirring was further performed for 2 hours. During this time, the temperature is 80
It was kept at ℃. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added in such an amount that the pH of the polymerization liquid became 8. After stirring for another 30 minutes, "CS-12" (2, 2,
75 parts of 4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monobutyrate (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was added, and while cooling, 30
Stir for minutes. After the stirring was completed, the generated content was taken out through an 80 mesh filter. Thus, the concentration of non-volatile matter is 50%, the viscosity is 1300 cps, and the average particle size is 1
A polymer latex (2) having a thickness of 30 nm, a minimum film formation temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, and a theoretical Tg of 20 ° C. was obtained.

Next, water is added to the latex (2),
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, this emulsion was confirmed to be an excellent emulsion for this application because it has good spraying properties and drying properties, and also has very good collapse prevention properties.

Comparative Example 1 Water was added to the latex (1) obtained in Example 1,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 45% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the viscosity of this emulsion was too high, and it was difficult to atomize during the spraying. Therefore, the resin adhered only to the ballast surface and nonuniformly.
Therefore, in the ballast collapse prevention test, the inside collapsed in about one month.

Comparative Example 2 Water was added to the latex (1) obtained in Example 1,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 8% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. As seen in Table 1, this emulsion
Since the nonvolatile content was too low, the drying after spraying was slow and the amount of resin adhered was small. Therefore, in the ballast collapse prevention test, the effect duration was short and it collapsed in about 2 weeks.

Comparative Example 3-220 parts of deionized water was placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a dropping funnel.
1 part of "HITENOL N-08" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ammonium sulfate; manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate were charged, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 80.
℃. In this, 80 parts of methyl methacrylate, 40 parts of styrene, 200 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,
80 parts of acrylic acid, 6 parts of "HITENOL N-08",
"Nonipol 200" (polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether; Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 parts and deionized water 1
A monomer emulsion consisting of 95 parts, 3 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate, and 3 parts of a 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen sulfite were simultaneously allowed to flow in for 3 hours. After the end of the inflow, stirring was further performed for 2 hours. During this time, the temperature is 80 ° C
Kept at. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added in such an amount that the pH of the polymerization liquid became 8. It stirred for 30 minutes, further cooling. After completion of stirring, the produced content was taken out through an 80-mesh filter. Thus, a polymer latex (3) having a non-volatile content concentration of 50%, a viscosity of 12000 cps, an average particle diameter of 130 nm, a minimum film formation temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, and a theoretical Tg of −10 ° C. was obtained.

Next, water was added to this latex (3) to prepare a resin emulsion having a nonvolatile content of 20%,
Each performance of this emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, this emulsion had a good spraying property and a very good drying property. However, since the dissolution rate is large, in the collapse prevention test, a considerable part of the film was scattered due to rainfall, and the collapse prevention effect was not recognized.

[0052]

[Table 1]

II. Regarding Application of Preventing Ballast Scattering Due to Snow Damage-Example 4-180 parts of deionized water was placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a dropping funnel.
1 part of "HITENOL N-08" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ammonium sulfate; manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate were charged, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 80.
℃. In this, 120 parts of methyl methacrylate, 120 parts of styrene, 140 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
Parts, acrylic acid 20 parts, "HITENOL N-08" 6
Part, "Nonipol 200" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 3 parts and 160 parts of deionized water, a monomer emulsion, 3 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite 5%
3 parts of the aqueous solution were simultaneously allowed to flow in for 3 hours. After the end of the inflow, stirring was further performed for 2 hours. During this time, the temperature is 80
It was kept at ℃. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added in such an amount that the pH of the polymerization liquid became 8. After stirring for another 30 minutes, "CS-12" (2, 2,
75 parts of 4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monobutyrate (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was added, and while cooling, 30
Stir for minutes. After the stirring was completed, the generated content was taken out through an 80 mesh filter. Thus, the concentration of non-volatile matter is 50%, the viscosity is 1300 cps, and the average particle size is 1
A polymer latex (4) having a thickness of 30 nm, a minimum film formation temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, and a theoretical Tg of 14 ° C. was obtained.

Next, water is added to the latex (4),
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile content concentration of 40% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that this emulsion was excellent in all items and was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Example 5 Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that this emulsion was excellent in all items and was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Comparative Example 4 Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 45% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, this emulsion had a too high viscosity and was difficult to atomize at the time of spraying, so that the resin was unevenly adhered to the ballast surface. Therefore, in the ballast scattering prevention test due to snow damage, the surface layer portion of the ballast was broken into lumps, and the unfixed portion without resin was exposed.

The following comparative example 5 is a comparative example that does not satisfy the condition of claim 6, and comparative example 6 is a comparative example that does not satisfy the condition of claim 3. Comparative Example 5 Water was added to the latex (1) obtained in Example 1,
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 2.

As seen in Table 2, this emulsion
Since the theoretical Tg is lower than the temperature range according to claim 6,
The film strength after drying was weak. Therefore, in the ballast scattering prevention test due to snow damage, the ballast was finely broken and scattered for 5 m or more. -Comparative Example 6-Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 20% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

As seen in Table 2, this emulsion
Since the nonvolatile content concentration was lower than the concentration range described in claim 3, the resin adhesion amount after drying was small. Therefore, in the ballast scattering prevention test due to snow damage, the ballast was finely broken and scattered for 5 m or more.

[0060]

[Table 2]

III. Regarding the Use of Preventing Ballast Scattering by Wind Pressure-Example 6-Adding water to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 3.

As shown in Table 3, this emulsion
It was confirmed that all of the items were good, and that they were excellent as emulsions for this application. -Example 7-Adding water to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 20% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

As seen in Table 3, this emulsion
It was confirmed that all of the items were good, and that they were excellent as emulsions for this application. -Example 8-Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile content of 12% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

As shown in Table 3, this emulsion
It was confirmed that all of the items were good, and that they were excellent as emulsions for this application. -Example 9- 180 parts of deionized water was added to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube and a dropping funnel.
1 part of "HITENOL N-08" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ammonium sulfate; manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate were charged, and the internal temperature was adjusted to 80.
℃. In this, 120 parts of methyl methacrylate, 120 parts of styrene, 140 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate
Parts, acrylic acid 20 parts, "HITENOL N-08" 6
Part, "Nonipol 200" (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 3 parts and 160 parts of deionized water, a monomer emulsion, 3 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite 5%
3 parts of the aqueous solution were simultaneously allowed to flow in over 3 hours. After the end of the inflow, stirring was further performed for 2 hours. During this time, the temperature is 80
It was kept at ℃. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added in such an amount that the pH of the polymerization liquid became 8. After stirring for another 30 minutes, "CS-12" (2, 2,
75 parts of 4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monobutyrate (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was added, and while cooling, 30
Stir for minutes. After the stirring was completed, the generated content was taken out through an 80 mesh filter. Thus, the concentration of non-volatile matter is 50%, the viscosity is 500 cps, and the average particle size is 25.
A polymer latex (5) having a thickness of 0 nm, a minimum film forming temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, and a theoretical Tg of 14 ° C. was obtained.

Next, water is added to the latex (5),
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, this emulsion had a larger average particle diameter than the resin emulsions of the other Examples, and thus the drying was slightly slow. However, it was confirmed that both the spraying property and the ballast scattering prevention property by wind pressure were good, and that the emulsion was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Example 10 Water was added to the latex (1) obtained in Example 1,
A resin emulsion having a nonvolatile concentration of 30% was prepared, and each emulsion was evaluated for its performance. The results are shown in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, this emulsion was good in both spraying property and drying property. Further, in the ballast scattering prevention test by wind pressure, there was a slightly moving part in the gravel lump, but it was not a problem. From this, it was confirmed that this emulsion was excellent as an emulsion for this application.

Comparative Example 7 Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 45% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, this emulsion had too high a viscosity and was difficult to atomize during spraying, so that the resin was unevenly adhered to the surface of the gravel. Therefore, there was a moving part when the wind was applied to the gravel.

Comparative Example 8 Water was added to the latex (4) obtained in Example 4,
A resin emulsion having a non-volatile content of 8% was prepared, and the performance of each emulsion was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, this emulsion
Since the nonvolatile content was too low, the drying after spraying was slow and the amount of resin adhering was small. Therefore, when I applied wind to the gravel, it worked well.

[0069]

[Table 3]

IV. Comparison with Conventional Cement Admixture-Examples 11 to 13-Latex (1) obtained in Example 1, latex (2) obtained in Example 3, and Example 4 Water was added to each of the latexes (4) obtained in step 3 to obtain a nonvolatile content of 3
Three resin emulsions of 0% were prepared.

Regarding these three resin emulsions,
According to the method described above, the spraying property and the ballast breaking property after spraying were examined. As a result, all of these three resin emulsions had good dispersibility and scratch resistance. -Comparative Example 9-Ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion (Sumikaflex 40
0, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), JIS A 6203
Polymer cement mortar was prepared according to -1980 (polymer dispersion for mixing cement).

With respect to the obtained polymer cement mortar, the sprayability and the ballast crushability after spraying were examined. As a result, this polymer cement mortar had poor sprayability and was difficult to spray. In addition, since the ballast was firmly solidified after curing, the scraping property was x. -Comparative Example 10- Acrylic emulsion (Primal MC-4530,
(Made by Rohm & Haas Co.), JIS A 6203-1
Polymer cement mortar was prepared according to 980.

With respect to the obtained polymer cement mortar, the sprayability and the ballast crushability after spraying were examined. As a result, this polymer cement mortar had poor sprayability and was difficult to spray. In addition, since the ballast was firmly solidified after curing, the scraping property was x.

[0074]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the ballast fixing chemical according to the present invention is as described above, its spraying work is easy and inexpensive, and when it is used for a ballast, the ballast is used. Without impairing the train load dispersibility, vibration absorption, porosity, and drainage of the existing roadbed, the following (i)-
It has the effect of (iv).

(I) Since it does not include materials that harden and solidify ballast, such as asphalt and mortar, and is composed only of resin emulsion, track maintenance such as ballast ballast solidification, crushing, and leveling is performed. It is possible to form a film having a fixing force that does not hinder work. (ii) Even if the ballast is trampled due to patrols and maintenance such as track maintenance, the effect of preventing ballast scattering due to train wind pressure can be maintained.

(Iii) By suppressing or preventing the collapse of the ballast due to the vibration when passing through the train, it is possible to save the repair work and improve the running safety of the train. (iv) It is possible to prevent the ballast from scattering due to the falling of snow blocks (ice blocks) attached to the train.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Chiaki Yoshikawa 7-16-76 Nishinakajima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Chuo PS Concrete Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuhiko Nakamura Nishi, Suita-shi, Osaka Mitabachi 5-8 Nippon Catalysis Gaku Kogyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Suita Works (72) Inventor Kenji Miyata 5-8 Nishimitabicho, Suita City, Osaka Prefecture Nihon Catalysis Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Suita Works

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A ballast fixing chemical liquid comprising a resin emulsion, having a viscosity of 500 cps or less, a nonvolatile content concentration of 10% by weight or more, and an elution rate of the film after film formation into water of 5% by weight or less. A chemical liquid for fixing ballast, characterized by: 2. The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to claim 1, which has a nonvolatile concentration of 12 to 50% by weight and an average particle diameter of 50 to 300 nm. 3. The chemical solution for fixing ballast according to claim 2, wherein the nonvolatile content is 30 to 50% by weight. 4. The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to claim 2, which has a viscosity of 20 cps or less, a nonvolatile concentration of 12 to 35% by weight, and an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 nm. 5. The glass transition temperature (Tg) calculated by the weight fraction method is −45 to + 10 ° C., and the minimum film formation temperature is 0 ° C.
The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to claim 2, which is as follows. 6. The glass transition temperature (Tg) calculated by the weight fraction method is −30 to + 20 ° C., and the minimum film forming temperature is 0 ° C.
The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to claim 3, which is as follows. 7. The glass transition temperature (Tg) calculated by the weight fraction method is −20 to + 20 ° C., and the minimum film formation temperature is 0 ° C.
The chemical liquid for ballast fixation according to claim 4, which is as follows. 8. A resin emulsion comprising the following monomer (A)
The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is an emulsion of a copolymer of a vinyl-based monomer mixture containing (B) and the following predetermined amounts. (A) 30% by weight or more of one or more (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the following general formula (a). [Chemical 1] (B) The following general formula (b-1), (b-2), or (b
0.1 to 15% by weight of one or more hydrophilic monomers represented by -3). [Chemical 2] [Chemical 3] [Chemical 4] [The above formulas (a), (b-1), (b-2), and (b
-3), R ¹ represents H or CH ₃ , R ² represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R ³ represents H or COOH.
And R ⁴ represents H or CH ₂ OH. ] 9. The ballast fixing chemical liquid according to claim 8, wherein the vinyl-based monomer mixture contains 60% by weight or less of a vinyl-based monomer (C) other than the monomers (A) and (B).