JPH07208331A - Cooling compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To solve lubricating failure in a compressor so as to prevent abrasion of a driving mechanism by providing a groove on the recessed shaped spherical surface part on an oscillation center shaft body top end which is arranged on the nearly center part of a crank chamber, and providing a communicating passage for communicating the groove and an intake chamber with each other. CONSTITUTION:Lubricating oil which is reserved in a crank chamber 13 is scraped up by rotation of a rotor 14, and it is splashed outward by centrifugal force which is generated by rotation so as to lubricate thrust needle bearings 17, 18, a ball joint coupler part for an oscillation plate 19 and a rod 28, and the like. A groove 20d is provided on the recessed shaped spherical surface part 20c of an oscillation center shaft body 20 which is fit and fixed to the center hole 22 of a cylinder block 11, and a crank chamber 13 is communicated to an intake chamber 32 through a groove 20d, a communicating passage 20e, a screw body opening part 24a, and a valve plate communicating passage 29a. Lubricating oil stored in the crank chamber 13 is thus forcibly led into the intake chamber 32 having comparatively low pressure passing the communicating passage 20e. In the leading process, lubricating oil is permeated on umbrella gears 20b, 25, steel ball 21, and the like so as to lubrication is carried out forcibly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compressor for a cooling device used in an air conditioner for a vehicle, and more particularly to compressing a refrigerant by converting a rotational force of a rotating main shaft into a reciprocating sliding force of a piston in a cylinder. Related to the compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the rotary motion of a wedge-shaped rotor 14 which is connected to a main shaft 16 which is rotated by receiving power from an external drive source such as an engine of a vehicle and which is disposed in a crank chamber 13 causes a rocking plate 19 to rock. There is known a compressor that converts into dynamic motion and reciprocates the piston 27 by this oscillating motion to compress the refrigerant (for example, JP-A-55-29040 and JP-A-5540).
-29041). In this type of compressor, the crank chamber 13 has thrust needle bearings 17, 18, which are drive members arranged therein, a swing plate 19, a bevel gear 20.
The oil also serves as an oil storage chamber for receiving the lubricating oil for b, 25, etc., and the lubricating oil is scattered and diffused to the surroundings by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotor 14 when the compressor is driven and the oscillating motion of the oscillating plate 19. The drive member in the crank chamber is lubricated. Further, the swing plate 19 is the swing center shaft body 2.
No. 0 is swingably supported by a rotatable steel ball 21 and the lubrication of the part supporting the steel ball 21 is
The oscillating central shaft body 20 and the screw body 24 respectively have pores 20.
The high pressure refrigerant gas containing the lubricating oil, which is provided with c and 24a and is filled in the discharge chamber 33, is introduced into the support portion of the steel ball 21 through the gap around the fixing bolt 36.

The lubricating oil is stored in the crank chamber, and a part of the lubricating oil is contained in a refrigerant for heat exchange and flows in a cooling circuit formed between an intake port and a discharge port provided in the compressor. It circulates.

[0004]

By the way, as a refrigerant used for heat exchange, CFC (Chloro Fluoro Carbon) or HCFC (Hydr) has hitherto been used from the viewpoint of stability and the like.
Chloro Fluoro Carbon) is widely used, and CFC-12 or HCFC-2 is used as a refrigerant for air conditioners.
2 is used. However, from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment in recent years, the practical use of alternative substances that do not affect the ozone layer has been promoted. For this reason, HFC (Hydro Fluoro Carbon) is used as an alternative refrigerant for heat exchange in air conditioners.
Alternatively, a mixture of HFCs such as HFC-134a, H
Alternative refrigerants such as FC-32 / 134a or HFC-32 / 134a have come into use. However, when these alternative refrigerants are used as refrigerants for air conditioners, there is a problem in that lubrication failure of a drive mechanism installed inside the crank chamber of a compressor, which is one of the components of air conditioners, occurs. . That is, the CF that has been conventionally used
When a metal such as steel faces and makes sliding contact with chlorine, which is a part of the composition material of C (for example, CFC-12) or HCFC (for example, HCFC-22), the heat of the slip surface is increased. It is known that certain compounds (for example, chloride film, chloride compounds, etc.) interact with the metal surface by decomposition, and this has the effect of reducing friction or damage on the contact surface (so-called extreme pressure effect). There is. For this reason, when these refrigerants are used for heat exchange, they have a lubricating effect of preventing friction of the drive mechanism of the compressor, etc. The lubrication efficiency of the mechanism was improved.

However, the alternative refrigerant HFC or a mixture thereof (for example, HFC-134a, HFC-3) is used.
2 / 134a) does not contain chlorine in its composition, unlike CFCs used conventionally. Therefore, when an alternative refrigerant such as HFC-134a is used as the refrigerant of the air conditioner, there is a problem that the lubricating ability is reduced as compared with the conventional one.

Further, in the conventional compressor, in order to lubricate the drive mechanism arranged in the crank chamber, the lubricating oil in the crank chamber is scattered around by utilizing the centrifugal force during the rotation of the rotor. However, there is a problem that the centrifugal force causes the lubricant to collect on the inner wall of the crankcase and the lubricating oil is less likely to stagnate in the central portion of the crank chamber, thus deteriorating the lubricity of the drive mechanism in the central portion. In particular, when the compressor is operated at a high load under a low speed rotation, the rotational torque of the rotating member such as the gear of the central drive mechanism becomes high, which causes the wear of these parts.

Further, in the system in which the high pressure refrigerant gas containing the lubricating oil filled in the discharge chamber 33 is introduced into the support portion of the steel ball 21 through the gap around the fixing bolt 36, the high pressure is applied under the above low speed rotation and high load condition. Only the refrigerant gas of No. 2 was introduced, and when the alternative refrigerant such as HFC-134a was used, the lubrication of the bearing portion was not sufficient, causing wear and damage. An object of the present invention is to provide a compressor having a simple structure that prevents such compressor lubrication failure and prevents the drive mechanism from being easily worn.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is a drive mechanism such as a drive shaft, a rotor or an oscillating plate which is driven by a driving force from an external drive source such as an automobile engine. And a plurality of cylinders arranged substantially parallel to the axial direction of the drive shaft,
The cylinder includes a piston that is reciprocally movable in the cylinder, and a rocking plate that is connected to the piston and rocks in accordance with the rotation of the rotor. The rocking plate is arranged substantially in the center of the crank chamber. In a compressor swingably supported by a steel ball rotatably installed on a central shaft body, a surface of a concave spherical portion for accommodating a steel ball provided at a tip end of the swinging central shaft body. Is provided with a heat exchange refrigerant containing lubricating oil, and a groove through which the lubricating oil flows together with the refrigerant is provided, and a communication passage that connects the groove and the suction chamber is provided.

[0009]

In the present invention, since the groove is formed in the concave spherical surface portion at the tip of the swinging central shaft body disposed substantially in the center of the crank chamber, and the communication passage that connects the groove and the suction chamber is provided, the crank The lubricating oil stored in the room or the lubricating oil mixed with the refrigerant in the crank chamber can be forcibly guided to the suction chamber, which has a lower pressure than the crank chamber, by using the pressure difference.
At that time, since it is introduced through a groove provided in the concave spherical surface portion, forced lubrication is performed on the concave spherical surface portion, a gear arranged in contact with the concave spherical surface portion, and a sphere rotatably arranged between both members. You can

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, referring to FIG. 1, a cylindrical casing 10 has a drive mechanism that transmits a drive force to a piston 27 between a cylinder block 11 fitted and fixed at one end and a front housing 12 fixed at the other end. A crank chamber 13 that is arranged and also serves as an oil storage chamber for lubricating oil for each part of the drive mechanism is formed. The rotor 14 arranged in the crank chamber 13 is fixed by press fitting or the like to a main shaft 16 which is rotatably inserted through a bearing 15 in a central portion of the front housing 12, and is rotated by the rotation of the main shaft. To do. Further, one side surface of the rotor 14 is opposed to the front housing 12 via a thrust needle bearing 17, and the other side surface is provided with a ring-shaped rocking plate 19 opposed to the inclined surface 14a via a thrust needle bearing 18. ing. The swing plate 19 is swingably received by a tip end of a swing center shaft body 20 via a rotatable steel ball 21. The swinging central shaft body 20 is fitted in the central hole 22 of the cylinder block 11 and is movable in the axial direction but is prevented from rotating.
It is urged toward the oscillating plate 19 by the spring 23 fitted to a. The biasing force of the spring 23 at this time is adjusted by turning the screw body 24 screwed into the central hole 22.

The swinging central shaft body 20 also has a bevel gear 20 at the tip.
The bevel gear 20b meshes with the bevel gear 25 fixed to the oscillating plate 19 to prevent the oscillating plate 19 from rotating. Further, a plurality of cylinders 26 are formed in the cylinder block 11, and pistons 27 are slidably inserted into the respective cylinders 26. These pistons 27 are connected by rods 28 to connecting holes 19a provided in the vicinity of the periphery of the swing plate 19. The rod 28 and the piston 27 are connected to each other by a ball joint joint.

A cylinder head 30 is superposed on one end of the cylinder block 11 via a gasket 29b and a valve plate assembly 29, and is fixed by a bolt 31. The cylinder head 30 has a suction chamber 32 in the vicinity of the outer periphery and a discharge chamber 33 in the center.
The valve plate assembly 29 is provided on the cylinder 26 side of the suction port 34, which is a valve plate having a suction port 34 for communicating each of the cylinders 26 with the suction chamber 32 and a discharge port 35 for communicating each of the cylinders 26 with the discharge chamber 33. A flexible suction valve (not shown) and a flexible discharge valve (not shown) provided on the discharge chamber 33 side of the discharge port 35 are integrally fixed with a fixing bolt 36. . Incidentally, 37 is a valve retainer for preventing excessive bending of the discharge valve, which is also integrally fixed to the valve plate assembly 29 by a fixing bolt 36.

In the above structure, when the main shaft 16 is rotated by an appropriate rotary drive means (for example, an automobile engine), the rotor 14 rotates in the crank chamber 13,
The oscillating plate 19 oscillates around the steel ball 21 without rotating according to the inclined surface 14a of the rotor 14, so that a plurality of pistons 27 reciprocally slide in the cylinder 26 with a time difference based on the oscillating plate 19. The fluid in the suction chamber 32 is sucked into the cylinder 26 through the suction port 34 and discharged into the discharge chamber 33 through the discharge port 35. actually,
Since a cooling circuit is connected between the suction port 38 and the discharge port 39 provided in the cylinder head 30 for use, the refrigerant in this cooling circuit circulates while repeating condensation and evaporation.

In the compressor having such a structure, the lubricating oil stored in the crank chamber 13 is scraped up by the rotation of the rotor 14, and is scattered outward by the centrifugal force due to the rotation to thrust needle bearings 17 and 18. The inner wall surface of the crank chamber 13 is moved in a layered manner in the same direction as the rotation direction of the rotor 14 while lubricating the ball joint joint between the rocking plate 19 and the rod 28 and the like.

Next, the lubricating structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The concave spherical portion 2 of the swinging central shaft body 20 fitted and fixed in the central hole 22 of the cylinder block 11
A groove 20d is provided at 0c. One end of the groove 20d has a communication passage 20e formed at the center of the bottom of the concave spherical portion 20c.
And the other end is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the concave spherical surface portion 20c, whereby the communication passage 20e and the crank chamber 13 are communicated with each other by the groove 20d. The shape of the bottom of the groove may be rectangular, semicircular or wedge-shaped in cross section. Further, the width of the groove 20d may be uniform, and the width of the groove connected to the outer peripheral portion of the concave spherical surface portion 20c may be the same as that of the communication passage 20e.
By making the width larger than the width of the groove connected to the opening, it is possible to smoothly introduce the lubricating oil mixed with the refrigerant in the crank chamber.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the straight groove 20d is formed.
Are provided radially around the opening of the communication passage 20e. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, curved grooves 20g may be provided radially. In this case, the length of the groove can be made longer than that in the case where the groove is made linear, and therefore, the distribution area of the lubricating oil in the concave spherical surface portion 20c can be increased.

It should be noted that, in FIGS. 3 to 4, 4 at approximately 90 degrees intervals.
Although the embodiment is shown in which the grooves 20d and 20g of the book are provided, it is needless to say that more grooves may be provided, or at least they may be provided. Further, by providing a small projection having the function of an oil separator in the groove bottom, the lubricating oil can be separated and retained in the groove when the refrigerant passes through the groove. Further, the oil separator is connected to the communication passage 2
You may provide in the opening of 0e. However, it is needless to say that when these oil separators are provided, a constant flow velocity is required when the refrigerant flows toward the suction chamber, and therefore it must not be provided so as to prevent the flow.

Inside the swinging central shaft body 20, there is provided a spring hole 20a consisting of a hollow portion whose one end is opened to accommodate a spring 23 for biasing the swinging central shaft body toward the swinging plate 19. The communication passage 20e communicates with the spring hole 20a. Further, the spring hole 20a communicates with a valve plate communication passage 29a provided in the valve plate assembly 29 through an opening 24a formed in the center of the screw body 24, and the valve plate communication passage 29a.
One end of a communicates with the suction chamber 32. As a result, the crank chamber 13 communicates with the suction chamber through the groove 20d or 20g, the communication passage 20e, the spring hole a, the screw body opening 24a, and the valve plate communication passage 29a.

By the way, the pressure of the discharge chamber 33 is higher than that of the crank chamber 13 because the compressed refrigerant is directly introduced, and the refrigerant gas is transferred to the cylinder 26 in the compression stroke of the piston 27.
A phenomenon occurs in which the gas leaks into the crank chamber 13 through the gap between the piston 27 and the piston 27. Therefore, the internal pressure of the crank chamber 13 also becomes relatively high, and a pressure difference is generated between the internal pressure of the crank chamber 13 and the suction chamber 32. That is, the pressure in the crank chamber is maintained higher than the pressure in the suction chamber 32.

Therefore, the lubricating oil stored in the crank chamber 13 is forcibly introduced into the suction chamber 32 having a relatively low pressure through the communication passage 20e in a state of being mixed with the refrigerant. In this introduction process, bevel gears 20b, 2
5, the lubricating oil spreads over the steel ball 21, the concave spherical surface portion 20c, and thus forced lubrication of these parts becomes possible. Further, by introducing the refrigerant leaking into the crank chamber and the lubricating oil contained therein into the bevel gear and the steel balls, it is possible to cool these drive mechanisms which are at a high temperature due to the sliding heating.

[0021]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, a groove is provided in the concave spherical surface portion at the tip of the swinging central shaft body disposed substantially in the center of the crank chamber, and the groove is communicated with the suction chamber. Since the communication passage is provided, the lubricating oil stored in the crank chamber or the lubricating oil mixed with the refrigerant in the crank chamber is forcibly guided to the suction chamber, which has a lower pressure than the crank chamber, by using the pressure difference. Since it is introduced through the groove formed in the concave spherical surface portion at that time, the concave spherical surface portion, the gear arranged in contact with the concave spherical surface portion and the spherical body rotatably arranged between the members are forced. Lubrication can be performed.

For this reason, poor lubrication due to the use of the alternative refrigerant, especially for the drive mechanism installed in the center of the crank chamber where the lubricating oil was not sufficiently supplied by the conventional lubrication structure, is forcedly lubricated by a simple structure. Since this can be performed, such poor lubrication can be prevented, and the occurrence of wear and damage of members can be avoided. Furthermore, by introducing the refrigerant in the crank chamber into the drive mechanism, these drive members can be cooled, so that a compressor having excellent durability and reliability can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a refrigerant compressor showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a refrigerant compressor showing a conventional example.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing a swing central shaft body according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the swing center shaft body according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Casing, 11 ... Cylinder block, 12 ... Front housing, 13 ... Crank chamber, 14 ... Rotor,
17, 18 ... Thrust needle bearing, 19 ... Oscillating plate, 20 ... Oscillating central shaft body, 20a ... Spring hole, 20b ... Bevel gear, 20c ... Concave spherical surface portion, 20d, 20g ... Groove, 20
e ... communication passage, 21 ... steel ball, 23 ... spring, 24 ... screw body,
24a ... Opening part, 26 ... Cylinder, 27 ... Piston, 2
9 ... Valve plate assembly, 29a ... Valve plate communication passage, 29b ...
Gasket, 30 ... Cylinder head, 32 ... Suction chamber, 3
3 ... Discharge chamber

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A crank chamber for accommodating a drive mechanism driven by a drive force from an external drive source, a plurality of cylinders arranged substantially parallel to the axial direction of a drive shaft, and reciprocating in the cylinder. A piston arranged and a rocking plate connected to the piston and rocking as the rotor rotates. The rocking plate is rotatably installed on a rocking central shaft body arranged substantially in the center of the crank chamber. In a compressor oscillatably supported via a steel ball, the surface of a concave spherical portion for accommodating a steel ball provided at the tip of the rocking central shaft body is provided with lubricating oil or refrigerant gas flow. A cooling compressor, characterized in that a groove for use therein is provided, and a communication passage that connects the groove and the suction chamber is provided.