JPH07187767A - Sintered calcium silicate and its production - Google Patents
Sintered calcium silicate and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07187767A JPH07187767A JP32760393A JP32760393A JPH07187767A JP H07187767 A JPH07187767 A JP H07187767A JP 32760393 A JP32760393 A JP 32760393A JP 32760393 A JP32760393 A JP 32760393A JP H07187767 A JPH07187767 A JP H07187767A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- calcium silicate
- strength
- wollastonite
- sintered
- sintered body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGGQKDBXXFIWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca].O[Si](O)=O UGGQKDBXXFIWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N bakuchiol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(C=C)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P pentacalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、緻密で高強度の珪酸カ
ルシウム焼結体及びその製造方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dense and high-strength calcium silicate sintered body and a method for producing the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】珪酸カ
ルシウム系材料は、耐熱性、強度等に優れることから、
種々の用途に用いられており、従来、これら珪酸カルシ
ウム系材料の耐熱性、切削加工性、強度等を改善する試
みが数多くなされている。例えば、ゾノトライト、ウォ
ラストナイト等のゾノトライト系材料を原料とした、嵩
比重が高く、耐熱性、加工性が改善された熱間成形用型
が知られている(特開平1−164767号)。この熱
間成形用型を得るためには、120〜1200℃での熱
処理が可能であり、処理温度が高くなるに従って、嵩比
重のより高いものが得られる。2. Description of the Related Art Calcium silicate-based materials are excellent in heat resistance and strength.
It is used for various purposes, and many attempts have been made to improve the heat resistance, machinability, strength and the like of these calcium silicate materials. For example, there is known a hot-molding die which is made of a xonotlite-based material such as zonotolite or wollastonite and has a high bulk specific gravity and improved heat resistance and workability (JP-A-1-164767). In order to obtain this hot-molding die, heat treatment at 120 to 1200 ° C. is possible, and a higher bulk density can be obtained as the treatment temperature becomes higher.
【0003】このように、珪酸カルシウム焼結体の強度
をより高くするためには、より高温で焼成することが必
要となる。しかし、ウォラストナイトは1125℃以上
において低温型のβウォラストナイトから高温型のαウ
ォラストナイトへ転移し、その際焼結体中に構造変化を
伴うマイクロクラックが誘起されるため、一般に強度が
低下することが知られている。従って、βウォラストナ
イトのαウォラストナイトへの転移を抑えるためには、
焼成温度は1200℃程度が限度であり、焼結体の強度
も制限されてしまう。As described above, in order to increase the strength of the calcium silicate sintered body, it is necessary to fire it at a higher temperature. However, wollastonite generally transforms from low-temperature β-wollastonite to high-temperature α-wollastonite at 1125 ° C or higher, at which time microcracks accompanied by structural changes are induced in the sintered body, and therefore, the strength is generally high. Is known to decrease. Therefore, in order to suppress the transfer of β wollastonite to α wollastonite,
The firing temperature is limited to about 1200 ° C., which limits the strength of the sintered body.
【0004】これに対し、1200〜1350℃で焼成
した、特定のCaO−SiO2−MgO組成のセラミッ
クス焼結体が知られている(特公平4−21632
号)。この焼結体は、MgOを特定の割合で配合するこ
とにより、1200〜1350℃で焼成しても、αウォ
ラストナイトへの転移が起こらず、これにより緻密で高
強度の焼結体が得られるものである。しかしながら、こ
の焼結体においても、その緻密化や強度の面で充分満足
できるものではなかった。On the other hand, there is known a ceramic sintered body having a specific CaO-SiO 2 -MgO composition, which is fired at 1200 to 1350 ° C. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-21632).
issue). By mixing MgO in a specific ratio, this sintered body does not undergo transition to α-wollastonite even when fired at 1200 to 1350 ° C., whereby a dense and high-strength sintered body is obtained. It is what is done. However, even this sintered body was not sufficiently satisfactory in terms of densification and strength.
【0005】従って、充分に緻密化され、強度の高い珪
酸カルシウム系材料が望まれていた。Therefore, there has been a demand for a calcium silicate material which is sufficiently densified and has high strength.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】かかる実情において、本
発明者らは鋭意研究を行った結果、ウォラストナイト焼
結体中に、特定の元素を含む珪酸カルシウム焼結体が、
非常に緻密で高強度であることを見出し、本発明を完成
した。Under such circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have conducted diligent research, and as a result, in the wollastonite sintered body, a calcium silicate sintered body containing a specific element was
They have found that they are extremely dense and have high strength, and completed the present invention.
【0007】すなわち、本発明は、ウォラストナイト焼
結体中に、Fe、Mn、Li、Ti、Ce及びSrから
選ばれる少なくとも1種以上を0.1〜5重量部固溶し
てなることを特徴とする珪酸カルシウム焼結体を提供す
るものである。That is, the present invention comprises 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a solid solution of at least one selected from Fe, Mn, Li, Ti, Ce and Sr in a wollastonite sintered body. The present invention provides a calcium silicate sintered body characterized by:
【0008】また、本発明は、珪酸カルシウム結晶と、
Fe、Mn、Li、Ti、Ce及びSrから選ばれる少
なくとも1種以上を含む化合物を含有する混合物を、1
100〜1300℃で焼成することを特徴とする前記珪
酸カルシウム焼結体の製造方法を提供するものである。The present invention also comprises calcium silicate crystals,
A mixture containing a compound containing at least one selected from Fe, Mn, Li, Ti, Ce and Sr is
The present invention provides a method for producing the calcium silicate sintered body, which comprises firing at 100 to 1300 ° C.
【0009】本発明の珪酸カルシウム焼結体は、ウォラ
ストナイト焼結体中に、Fe、Mn、Li、Ti、Ce
及びSrから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上を固溶するも
のである。これらの元素は、ウォラストナイト中に固溶
することにより、ウォラストナイトの融点を低下させて
焼結反応を加速させることにより緻密化を容易にする。The calcium silicate sinter of the present invention contains Fe, Mn, Li, Ti and Ce in a wollastonite sinter.
And at least one selected from Sr. When these elements form a solid solution in wollastonite, they lower the melting point of wollastonite and accelerate the sintering reaction to facilitate densification.
【0010】本発明の珪酸カルシウム焼結体において、
焼結体中に固溶するFe、Mn、Li、Ti、Ce及び
Srから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の含有量は、0.
1〜5重量部、好ましくは0.5〜2重量部である。
0.1重量部未満では充分な緻密化及び強度が得られ
ず、5重量部を超えると充分な緻密化が得られず、また
局部的な融点降下によりウォラストナイト結晶組織が粗
大化して強度低下を招くため好ましくない。In the calcium silicate sintered body of the present invention,
The content of at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Li, Ti, Ce, and Sr that form a solid solution in the sintered body is 0.
It is 1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by weight.
If it is less than 0.1 parts by weight, sufficient densification and strength cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 5 parts by weight, sufficient densification cannot be obtained, and the wollastonite crystal structure is coarsened due to a local melting point drop and the strength is increased. It is not preferable because it causes a decrease.
【0011】このような珪酸カルシウム焼結体は、例え
ば珪酸カルシウム結晶と、Fe、Mn、Li、Ti、C
e及びSrから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上を含む化合
物を含有する混合物を、1100〜1300℃で焼成す
ることにより製造することができる。Such a calcium silicate sintered body comprises, for example, calcium silicate crystals, Fe, Mn, Li, Ti and C.
It can be produced by firing a mixture containing a compound containing at least one selected from e and Sr at 1100 to 1300 ° C.
【0012】ここで用いられる珪酸カルシウム結晶とし
ては特に制限されず、例えば珪酸原料と石灰原料を用
い、通常の方法に従って製造されるトバモライト、ゾノ
トライト等を使用することができる。珪酸原料として
は、珪石、珪砂、シリカフラワー、珪藻土等が挙げら
れ、石灰原料としては、生石灰、消石灰、セメント等が
挙げられる。珪酸カルシウム結晶は、例えばこれらの珪
酸原料と石灰原料をCaO:SiO2モル比が3:1〜
0.5:1となるような割合で用い、この混合原料10
0重量部に水200〜500重量部を加え、オートクレ
ーブ中で150〜300℃で水熱合成反応させることに
より製造することができる。The calcium silicate crystal used here is not particularly limited, and for example, tobermorite, xonotlite, etc. produced by a usual method using a silicic acid raw material and a lime raw material can be used. Examples of the silicic acid raw material include silica stone, silica sand, silica flour, diatomaceous earth and the like, and examples of the lime raw material include quick lime, slaked lime and cement. Calcium silicate crystals can be obtained, for example, by using these silicic acid raw material and lime raw material in a CaO: SiO 2 molar ratio of 3: 1
This mixed raw material 10 is used at a ratio of 0.5: 1.
It can be produced by adding 200 to 500 parts by weight of water to 0 part by weight and conducting a hydrothermal synthesis reaction at 150 to 300 ° C. in an autoclave.
【0013】Fe、Mn、Li、Ti、Ce、Srを含
む化合物としては、各種化合物が挙げられる。これらう
ち、Feを含む化合物が好ましく、例えば酸化鉄、水酸
化鉄等が特に好ましく、窯の耐久性などを考慮して各種
化合物を選ぶのが好ましい。これらの化合物は、焼成に
よる重量増減を予め考慮して、焼成後の焼結体中に0.
1〜5重量部含まれるように珪酸カルシウム結晶と混合
する。As the compound containing Fe, Mn, Li, Ti, Ce and Sr, various compounds can be mentioned. Of these, compounds containing Fe are preferable, for example, iron oxide, iron hydroxide and the like are particularly preferable, and it is preferable to select various compounds in consideration of the durability of the kiln. These compounds are added to the sintered body after firing in an amount of 0.
Mix with calcium silicate crystals so that 1 to 5 parts by weight are included.
【0014】次に、この混合物を焼成するが、必要に応
じて、焼成前にこの混合物を成形する。成形方法は特に
限定されず、例えば抄造法、湿式プレス法、乾式プレス
法等の公知の方法を使用することができる。焼成は、1
100〜1300℃、好ましくは1125〜1200℃
で1〜10時間行われる。焼成温度が1100℃未満で
は、緻密化に要する時間が長くなり工業的に好ましくな
く、1300℃を超えると、ウォラストナイト結晶組織
が粗大化して強度の低下が起きるため好ましくない。Next, the mixture is fired, but if necessary, the mixture is shaped before firing. The molding method is not particularly limited, and known methods such as a papermaking method, a wet pressing method, and a dry pressing method can be used. Firing is 1
100 to 1300 ° C, preferably 1125 to 1200 ° C
For 1 to 10 hours. If the firing temperature is lower than 1100 ° C., the time required for densification will be long, which is not industrially preferable. If the firing temperature is higher than 1300 ° C., the wollastonite crystal structure will become coarse and the strength will decrease, which is not preferable.
【0015】このようにして得られる本発明の焼成体
は、非常に緻密化され、高強度のものである。その比重
及び強度は製造条件等により異なるが、通常、比重2.
0〜2.6g/cm2、強度40〜80MPaのものであ
る。The fired body of the present invention thus obtained is extremely densified and has high strength. Although its specific gravity and strength differ depending on the manufacturing conditions, etc., the specific gravity is usually 2.
It has a strength of 40 to 80 MPa and a strength of 0 to 2.6 g / cm 2 .
【0016】[0016]
【実施例】次に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に説明する
が、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
【0017】実施例1〜20 表1に示す焼成温度、及びFe、Liを用いて焼結体を
製造した。得られた焼結体について、比重及び強度を測
定した。 (製法)石灰原料として消石灰を、珪酸原料として珪石
を用い、CaO:SiO2がモル比で1:1になるよう
に混合した混合原料100重量部に対し水400重量部
を加え、220℃で水熱合成してゾノトライトスラリー
を得た。このゾノトライトスラリーを120℃にて乾燥
し、ゾノトライトの乾燥粉末を得た。焼成による重量減
3.5%を予め考慮し、焼成後のウォラストナイト結晶
中に、表1に示す重量部のFe又はLiが含まれるよう
に、Fe又はLiの化合物を秤量して混合し、一軸プレ
スにて成形した後、表1に示す焼成温度まで昇温速度5
℃/分で昇温し、この温度に1時間保持して焼成した
後、炉冷した。Examples 1 to 20 Sintered bodies were produced using the firing temperatures shown in Table 1, and Fe and Li. The specific gravity and strength of the obtained sintered body were measured. (Manufacturing method) Using slaked lime as a lime raw material and silica stone as a silicic acid raw material, 400 parts by weight of water was added to 100 parts by weight of a mixed raw material mixed at a molar ratio of CaO: SiO 2 at 220 ° C. Hydrothermal synthesis was performed to obtain a zonotolite slurry. This zonotolite slurry was dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a dry powder of zonotolite. Taking into consideration the weight loss of 3.5% due to firing, the compounds of Fe or Li were weighed and mixed so that the wollastonite crystals after firing contained the parts by weight of Fe or Li shown in Table 1. After molding with a uniaxial press, the heating rate up to the firing temperature shown in Table 1 is 5
The temperature was raised at a rate of ° C / min, and the temperature was maintained for 1 hour for firing and then furnace cooling.
【0018】(測定方法) 比重:体積及び重量を測定し、重量/体積より得られる
カサ比重を求めた。 強度:JIS R1601の方法に従って、焼結体を板
厚3mm、板幅4mmの断面に加工し、支点間距離16mmに
て3点曲げ強度試験を行った。(Measuring method) Specific gravity: The volume and the weight were measured, and the bulk specific gravity obtained from the weight / volume was determined. Strength: According to the method of JIS R1601, the sintered body was processed into a cross section having a plate thickness of 3 mm and a plate width of 4 mm, and a three-point bending strength test was conducted at a fulcrum distance of 16 mm.
【0019】[0019]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0020】表1の結果から明らかなように、本発明の
焼結体はいずれも、比重が大きく、しかも高強度のもの
であった。As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, each of the sintered bodies of the present invention had a large specific gravity and high strength.
【0021】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明の珪酸カルシウム焼結体は、高度
に緻密化され、しかも高強度のものであり、特に、各種
型材、焼成治具、加工用治具等の用途に好適である。The calcium silicate sinter of the present invention is highly densified and has a high strength, and is particularly suitable for various mold materials, firing jigs, processing jigs and the like.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 堤 康一 千葉県佐倉市大作2−4−2 小野田セメ ント株式会社中央研究所内 (72)発明者 高橋 秀明 宮城県仙台市太白区金剛沢1−30−11 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Koichi Tsutsumi 2-4-2 Daisaku Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture, Central Research Laboratory, Onoda Cement Co., Ltd. −11
Claims (2)
n、Li、Ti、Ce及びSrから選ばれる少なくとも
1種以上を0.1〜5重量部固溶してなることを特徴と
する珪酸カルシウム焼結体。1. Fe, M in a wollastonite sintered body
A calcium silicate sinter, characterized by comprising 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one selected from n, Li, Ti, Ce and Sr.
i、Ti、Ce及びSrから選ばれる少なくとも1種以
上を含む化合物を含有する混合物を、1100〜130
0℃で焼成することを特徴とする請求項1記載の珪酸カ
ルシウム焼結体の製造方法。2. Calcium silicate crystals and Fe, Mn, L
A mixture containing a compound containing at least one selected from i, Ti, Ce and Sr is 1100 to 130.
The method for producing a calcium silicate sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the firing is performed at 0 ° C.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP32760393A JP3359965B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Calcium silicate sintered body and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP32760393A JP3359965B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Calcium silicate sintered body and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH07187767A true JPH07187767A (en) | 1995-07-25 |
JP3359965B2 JP3359965B2 (en) | 2002-12-24 |
Family
ID=18200907
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP32760393A Expired - Lifetime JP3359965B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Calcium silicate sintered body and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3359965B2 (en) |
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1993
- 1993-12-24 JP JP32760393A patent/JP3359965B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3359965B2 (en) | 2002-12-24 |
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