JPH0717472B2 - Solid fertilizer manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a fertilizer which is used in all fields of agriculture and forestry including paddy rice, horticultural crops, fruit trees, flowers, trees, afforestation and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A fertilizer official standard defines that a large amount of Otaniishi powder, bentonite, woody peat, etc., alone be added to a fertilizer as a fertilizer enhancer to form a compound fertilizer.
The purpose of these molded compound fertilizers is to slowly elute the fertilizer components contained therein and to maintain the fertilizing effect.
However, most of the conventional compound fertilizers have a drawback that the solid state collapses and disperses in water or soil in a relatively short time, so that the content components are also proportionally dissolved and eluted early. . Moreover, Oya powder used, materials such as bentonite, since each is specific to each individual, the origin and price, is governed by and transportation circumstances it is multi
Ku, actual production, use is restricted to a limited area, not a universal technology.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a solid fertilizer formed mainly from a chemical fertilizer, which is maintained in a solid state in water or soil for a long period of time to control the elution of components.
Aiming to develop a new technology that produces a mild fertilization effect, and established a method for producing solid fertilizer that is not limited to conventional fertilization promoting materials and does not diminish fertilizer effects such as reduction of phosphoric acid. It is to be.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of many years of research in order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that an appropriate amount of fibrous papers is crushed or made into a mud and added to a fertilizer. It was found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by kneading and molding while adding water, and completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, an appropriate amount of fibrous papers is crushed or sludged and added to a solid fertilizer raw material containing a water-insoluble and caking substance, and water is added to knead and mold the mixture. After that, it is a method for producing a solid fertilizer characterized by being dried.

The water-insoluble and caking substance referred to in the present invention is
For example, it refers to an overgrowth containing gypsum, an overgrowth containing gypsum, an inorganic substance such as gypsum and bentonite, an organic substance containing starch such as konjac flying powder and wheat flour, and a mixture thereof. General clay and cement, etc. also have a strong binding action, but this one contains iron and alumina, and because it is a strong alkali, it induces ammonia volatilization and phosphoric acid reduction, so it is not suitable for use. It is something. In addition, glue, waste molasses, etc. are caking, but are water-soluble, and in addition to phosphorus, general organic fertilizers, etc., Otani stone powder, wood peat, etc. are water-insoluble, but are not caking. None of them, for example, do not satisfy the requirements of the present invention. It can be used by mixing these. The higher the content ratio of the water-insoluble and caking substance in the fertilizer, the more stable the solid is formed, but the weight ratio is preferably 30% or more.

The fibrous papers of the present invention mean general papers containing long pulp pulp fibers that do not contain synthetic resin or clay. Experimentally, toilet paper or tissue paper can be easily used, but in practice, used paper such as cardboard, newspaper, magazines, etc. will be used, and sludge with the same effect will be used. You can also do it. Since fibrous papers are almost neutral, do not contain harmful substances, and have no chemical action, there is no fear of diminishing the fertilizer effect, but rather an organic substance replenishing effect to soil can be expected.

[0008] Further, since the fibrous papers show tackiness when kneading with the solid fertilizer raw material, they assist the caking substance of the raw material and can save the caking substance.
The usage ratio of fibrous papers is 0.5 by weight as dry matter.
Appropriately ˜3%, if it is less than 0.5%, the intended effect of the present invention is weak, while if it exceeds 3%, the treatment operation becomes complicated and the effect is not enhanced. Next, the working mechanism of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to experimental examples.

[0009]

[Experimental Example 1] Experimental method After mixing the raw materials of the sample, adding water and kneading,
A sample is formed into a spherical shape of 5 mm and dried at 120 ° C. for 1.5 hours. Each sample is placed in an Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of water, and the change in shape after being placed in water is observed and compared. Experimental result

[0010]

[Table 1]

Regarding sample 1 in Table 1, a network structure in which ammonium sulfate crystals and fibers of paper are entangled with each other is formed. However, when the water is added, the ammonium sulfate crystals are dissolved and the network structure due to the interlocking of the fibers disappears. As a result, the fibers are released and dispersed in water, and as a result, the solid disappears and ammonium sulfate dissolves in a short time. Sample 2 in Table 1 shows that the solids disappear promptly as the Otaniishi powder is dispersed in water as ammonium sulfate is dissolved. For sample 3 in Table 1, gypsum was added to sample 2 as an inorganic caking substance, and for sample 4, konjac flying powder was added to sample 2 as an organic caking substance. , Sample 5 contains water-insoluble material itself, and is added with caking gemstone, and sample 6 uses phosphorus ammonium and gypsum instead of gemstone of sample 5. is there. Regarding the situation after these samples were put into water, the solids of Samples 3 and 6 collapsed in about 5 hours, and the disintegration times of Samples 4 and 5 were slightly longer, but the solids collapsed within 24 hours. The components are shown to dissolve and disperse. That is, the solid tissue structure proves that the binding force disappears due to the dissolution of the components and the shape cannot be maintained.

On the other hand, the fertilizers of the present invention of Sample 7, Sample 8, Sample 9, Sample 10, Sample 11 and Sample 12 in Table 1 are as follows:
It was confirmed that the solids were stable and maintained the original shape for one month or more after being charged in water. This means that water-insoluble particles such as Otani stone powder, charcoal powder, gypsum, etc., are strongly and uniformly entangled with the kneading of paper fibers due to the caking action of caking substances such as bentonite, konjac flying powder and gypsum. It is understood that the result is a network structure in which the insoluble particles are subtly linked to each other, and a stronger bond is formed by drying. Therefore, the fertilizer of the present invention has a characteristic action of enclosing the fertilizer component in the solid state, thereby appropriately suppressing the elution of the component, and exhibiting a gentle fertilizing effect, effectively utilizing the component, and having an effect of preventing runoff. Be expected. The solid state gradually disappears in the soil due to the fiber-decomposing action of soil bacteria. The dissolution rate test carried out to quantitatively clarify the action and effect of the fertilizer of the present invention will be described.

[0013]

[Experimental Example 2] Experimental method 5 g of a sample (1 piece of solid 5 g) is placed in a beaker, 100 ml of water at 20 ° C. is added, and the mixture is allowed to stand. After 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours respectively, the amount of the component dissolved and eluted in water is analyzed, and the 100-minute ratio with the theoretical content of the sample is obtained to obtain the elution rate of the component.

Specimen 1. Standard (mixed fertilizer) Ammonium sulfate 37.9%, overstone 48.
A blended product of 5% and 13.6% salted. 2. Conventional (granulation) The above compounded fertilizer is granulated into 2 to 4 mm and dried. 3. Fertilizer (A) of the present invention: 66% of the above compounded fertilizer, 28% of bentonite, 4% of konjac fly powder are mixed, 2% of toilet paper is crushed and added, and kneading is added while adding water, and each piece has a spherical shape with a diameter of 15 mm. 1.5 at 120 ℃ after molding
Dried for hours. 4. The fertilizer (B) of the present invention: 66% of the above compounded fertilizer, 20% of charcoal powder, and 12% of gypsum, and treated in the same manner as 3 above. Experimental results

[0015]

[Table 2]

According to this experimental example, in A and N, the standard (mixed fertilizer) was almost completely dissolved in 1 hour and the elution rate was 96%, and the conventional (granulation) had an elution rate of 87%. The present invention fertilizer (A) and the present invention fertilizer (B) are 42%, 4
It shows 3%. In WP, the standard (combined fertilizer) has an elution rate of 46% and the conventional (granulation) has an elution rate of 37% in 1 hour, whereas the fertilizer of the present invention (A) and the fertilizer of the present invention (B ) Indicates 30% in all cases. 1 for W and K
The standard (combined fertilizer) has an elution rate of 79% and the conventional (granulated) has an elution rate of 57%, whereas the fertilizer (A) of the present invention has an elution rate of 16% and the fertilizer (B) of the present invention has an elution rate of 17%. % Is shown. In the case of 3 hours and 5 hours, the same tendency as 1 hour is shown, and the fertilizer of the present invention has a remarkable elution suppressing effect as compared with the standard (combined fertilizer) and the practice (granulation) commonly used in society. Has demonstrated.

Next, a leach-out test carried out to detect the performance of the fertilizer of the present invention which has been actually removed will be described. The leaching test described here is to put the sample in sand,
When a certain amount of water is poured into it from above at regular intervals,
This is a method of assaying the amount of components in the solution that the components of the sample are eluted and flow out from the sand.

[0018]

[Experimental Example 3] Experimental method A bottomed plastic cylinder having a diameter of 10 cm, a depth of 12 cm, and a drainage hole at the center is used, and after sieving to 2 mm or less, 650 ml of washed and air-dried sand is packed. Sample 1
Take 5 g (3 g of solid one is 15 g) and put it on a horizontal plane 4 cm below the surface of the sand. Next, 275 ml of water, which corresponds to 35 mm of precipitation, is poured from the surface of the sand once per hour on average. Collect the solution flowing down from the cylindrical drainage hole into the container by pouring water. This solution is analyzed to obtain a 100-minute ratio with respect to the theoretical content of the sample, which is used as a leaching rate.

Specimen The same sample as the specimen listed in Experimental Example 2 was used. Experimental results Regarding the leaching rate of each component performed on the treatment day and every 10th day from the treatment day, A, N ,,
Tables 3, 4, and 5 are shown separately for W / P and W / K.

[0020]

[Table 3]

[0021]

[Table 4]

[0022]

[Table 5]

As shown by the test results in Tables 3, 4, and 5, the fertilizers of the present invention are much more eluted than the standard (mixed fertilizer) or conventional (granulated) for each component. It was confirmed that the outflow was gentle. In addition, it was proved that the fertilizer of the present invention is less likely to run out and run off due to rainfall in actual soil.

[0024]

【Example】

Example 1 Ammonium sulphate 25% (wt%, the same below), gemstone 32%, salted
%, Bentonite 28%, and konjac flying powder 4% are mixed, and 2% of crushed cardboard paper is added to this, and kneading is performed while adding water 48%. Next, each diameter is about 15
What was molded into a spherical shape of mm was dried at 120 ° C. for 1.5 hours, and a product of the following components was prepared based on 100% of the raw material
Earned%. Moisture 5.06%, A ・ N 5.20%, SP
6.62%, W / K 5.75%, hardness 16kg / cm ²

Example 2 Ammonium sulfate 25%, overstone 32%, salted 9%, charcoal powder 20%,
Gypsum 12% is mixed, and 2% obtained by crushing cardboard paper is added with 20% water to be ground as a mud, and further kneaded while adding 27% water. Next, each spherical piece with a diameter of about 15 mm was molded at 120 ° C.
After drying for 1.5 hours, 96% of a product having the following components was obtained based on 100% of the raw material. Water content 2.80%, A ・ N
5.12%, S ・ P6.56%, W ・ P5.81%, W
・ K5.83%, hardness 20kg / cm ²

Example 3 Ammonium sulfate 25%, overstone 32%, salted 9%, rapeseed oil cake powder 20
%, Gypsum 12%, 2% of crushed newsprint (waste paper), and 45% of water are added and kneaded. Next, a hexagonal rectangular parallelepiped having an individual diameter of about 15 mm was dried at 120 ° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain 100 parts of raw material.
As a result, 98% of a product having the components shown below was obtained with respect to%. Moisture 4.40%, T / N 6.54%, A / N 5.27%, T
・ P6.88%, S ・ P6.17%, W ・ P5.85
%, T / K 5.56%, W / K 5.50%, hardness 7.4
kg / cm ²

Example 4 Ammonium sulphate 25%, excess stone 32%, salted 9%, gypsum 32% were mixed, and newspaper (waste paper) crushed 2% was added water 20% and ground. Add as slush, and add water 2
Knead while adding 0%. Next, each individual diameter is about 15 mm
What was molded into a hexagonal rectangular parallelepiped of
After drying for an hour, 99% of the product having the following components was obtained based on 100% of the raw material. Moisture 6.35%, AN 5.01
%, S.P 6.39%, W.P 6.35%, W.K 5.
91%, hardness 14kg / cm ²

[0028]

[Cultivation test example] The above-mentioned experimental example supports the theoretical superiority of the fertilizer of the present invention. However, what is the most important fertilizer effect in actual crop cultivation will be verified. Therefore, this cultivation test was carried out.

1. Scale of test: 1 / 50,000 pots, 2 series. Test soil Mixed soil of upland soil, Kiryu sand and Akadama soil 3. Test prototype Komatsuna 4. Test area (1) Standard area: Experimental example 2 Specimen 1. Standard (mixed fertilizer) is used (2) Conventional area: Experimental example 2 Specimen 2. (3) Fertilizer plots of the present invention: the product of Example 1 The fertilizer components of the test plots are N750m per pot in each plot.
g, P ₂ O ₅ 750 mg, and K ₂ O 750 mg. 5. Cultivation management 1) Location of test: Laboratory field of patent applicant's address 2) Seeding and harvesting: Seeding April 6, 1992, Harvest May 25 3) Management: Fertilization, seeding, irrigation etc. Was in the usual way. 6. Test results

[0030]

[Table 6]

The results of the products obtained by the examples carried out in parallel at the same time showed the same germination rate, growth result, and yield result as those of the product of Example 1, and the results were as follows: The superiority of the fertilizer of the present invention was demonstrated.

[0032]

[Table 7]

Looking at the numerical values in which the absorption rates of the components shown in Table 7 are expressed by indexes, the fertilizer plots of the present invention have an N absorption index of 140% and a P ₂ O ₅ absorption index of 132, compared to the standard plot.
%, The K ₂ O absorption index was 123%, and markedly high results were shown. It was also proved that the soil and soil had normal pH and EC, and did not adversely affect the land.

[0034]

Industrial Applicability As described above, the solid fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention does not disintegrate in water or soil for a long period of time, as is apparent from the above-mentioned experimental examples and cultivation test examples, and it is a conventional compounded fertilizer or granular fertilizer. Compared to chemical fertilizers, the elution of ingredients is slower,
The runoff of the components due to excessive elution of the components is suppressed. In fact, the results of cultivation tests with crops revealed that the fertilizer effect was higher than that of conventional fertilizers, and the growth and yield of crops were improved. Further, the present invention promotes the reuse and effective use of resources such as waste paper, and promotes the organic substance fertilization effect by the fibers contained therein. Furthermore, the fertilizer of the present invention provides a unique and ideal fertilizer that does not exist in conventional fertilizers, such as exhibiting a moderate fertilizing effect from the beginning of fertilization and exhibiting a stable fertilizer effect for a long period of time. In combination with such direct effects, indirect effects such as contributing to the prevention of water pollution in rivers and lakes caused by excessive runoff of fertilizer components are expected, and the significance of the present invention is important for the present age when environmentally friendly fertilizers are required. Some are extremely large.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A solid fertilizer raw material containing a water-insoluble and caking substance, to which an appropriate amount of fibrous paper is crushed or made into a mud form, added with water, kneaded, molded, and dried. A method for producing solid fertilizer, which is characterized in that