JPH071288A - Ordinary lathe in new generation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve machining ability, precision, and operability by adding a specified automatic machining function to an ordinary lathe, based on the ordinary lathe. CONSTITUTION:A lathe is designed to move a tool rest 22 in the directions of a Z-axis, and an X-axis by driving a ball screw with the aid of a servo motor 18. The tool rest 22 is moved through one of manual movement wherein the tool rest is moved through rotation operation of a manual pulse generator for the Z-axis and the X-axis, manual operation wherein the tool rest is moved under a given machining condition along a preset route through tilting operation of feed levers 48 and 50, and automatic operation wherein the tool rest is moved under a given machining condition along a preset route between a preset starting point and a terminal point through tilting operation of an automatic operation starting lever 54.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a new-generation ordinary lathe which can be automatically processed according to the operation feeling of the ordinary lathe. That is, the lathe according to the present invention is not an NC lathe, but an ordinary lathe to which a certain automatic machining function is added, and in this sense, it is called a new-generation ordinary lathe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Up to about 90% of the lathes used in Japan have already been NCized, but since a program is always required to operate the NC lathes, very small quantities of one or two are produced. It is not efficient to use the NC lathe up to. Therefore, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-124247, there has been proposed an NC machine tool provided with a function capable of manual operation.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned prior art example is the one in which the manual function is added to the NC function, and the condition is that the NC function is equipped, so the equipment is doubled. And the price is high.
The present invention is to solve such a problem, based on a normal lathe, by imparting a certain automatic processing function to this, to improve the processing accuracy without significantly increasing the cost, It also succeeded in improving the operability.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the above problems, according to the present invention, a ball screw is driven by a servomotor to move the tool rest to Z.
In a lathe that moves in the axis and X-axis directions, move the tool post to Z
Axis, X axis manual pulse generator to move by rotation operation, feed lever tilt operation to move along a preset route under a predetermined machining condition, automatic operation start lever Provided is a new-generation ordinary lathe characterized by being moved by one of automatic operation to move between a preset start point and a preset end point along a preset path under a predetermined processing condition by tilting operation. Is.

[0005]

By the above means, the turret can be moved by manual movement, manual operation, or automatic operation. However, with regard to basic operability, the operation of conventional ordinary lathes is the same. It doesn't change from feeling. That is, in the case of manual movement, it is the same as operating the handle for the axial direction and the handle for the radial direction, and in the case of manual operation and automatic operation, the feed lever, the threaded lever, or the mechanical mechanism that has existed in the past. It is the same as operating a sizing device.

However, it can be said that it is extremely easy to carry out a specific operation such as an automatic operation since it is only necessary to input necessary data and it is not necessary to mount a separate device. On the other hand, regarding workability, it can be said that it is very excellent because it can automatically process a taper and a circular arc. Further, since the accuracy is due to the servo motor and the ball screw, an accuracy of 0.001 mm unit can be expected, which is higher than the conventional ordinary lathe.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a new-generation ordinary lathe (hereinafter referred to as a lathe) according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view. The lathe has a headstock 12 mounted on one end of a bed 10 and a tailstock attached on the other end. It has the same shape and structure as a conventional ordinary lathe in which a carriage 14 and a carriage 16 are slidably mounted between them.

The carriage 16 is moved in the longitudinal direction (Z axis) by driving a ball screw (not shown) by a servo motor 18 attached to the end of the bed 10 according to a command from the controller 20. A tool rest 22 is mounted on the carriage 16 so as to be movable in a direction (X axis) perpendicular to the Z axis, and a ball screw (not shown) is also attached by a servo motor 24 attached to the end of the carriage 16. It drives in response to a command from the control device 20 and moves in this direction.

The tool rest 22 in the present invention is manually moved,
It moves in the Z-axis and X-axis directions in three patterns: manual operation and automatic operation. FIG. 3 is a command system diagram showing this,
The manual movement is performed by rotating a manual pulse generator attached to the carriage 16 and the tool rest 22. In the case of manual operation or automatic operation, the controller 2
This is done by inputting 0 and output resulting from certain automatic calculations based on it.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the mounting state of the manual pulse generator for manual movement. The manual pulse generators 26 and 28 are mounted on the carriage 16 and the tool rest 22, respectively.
Each is set so that it can be rotated by rotating the drive handles 30 and 32. As a result, when the drive handles 30 and 32 are operated to rotate the manual pulse generators 26 and 28, the tool rest 22 moves in the Z-axis and X-axis directions at a speed and amount according to the rotation speed and rotation angle. .

By the way, in this case, the drive handle 30,
The amount of movement of the tool rest 22 per revolution of 32 can be changed in three stages. That is, the drive handle 30,
32 has a conversion dial 4 acting on plungers 38, 40 which actuate two switches 34, 36 alternatively.
2, 44 are concentrically provided, and a conversion dial 42,
By turning 44, the plungers 38 and 40 are moved in and out,
The switches 34 and 36 are turned on and off.

As a result, it is possible to discriminate between the states in which the respective switches 34 and 36 are activated and the three states in which none of the switches 34 and 36 are activated, and this corresponds to the above three stages. In the present embodiment, the drive handle 30,
When 32 is rotated once, the manual pulse generators 26 and 28 are set to 1
00 pulses can be generated, and the specific movement amount of the tool post 22 per pulse is 0.1 mm,
It is set to 0.01 mm and 0.001 mm.

By the way, if each drive handle 30, 32 is attached so as to rotate in a plane orthogonal to the Z axis and the X axis as shown in the drawing, the structure is the same as the handle provided in the conventional ordinary lathe. Further, in this case, if the operating load of the drive handles 30 and 32 is too light, the operation feeling is rather deteriorated. Therefore, by receiving this by the preload type bearing 46 and applying a constant preload, a corresponding operating load is generated. Is done.

Next, manual operation and automatic operation will be described. Prior to this, the operation members and input members necessary for this operation will be described. A straight feed lever 48, two feed levers of a taper or arc feed lever 50, a fast feed lever 52, and an automatic operation starting lever 5 are provided on the front surface of the carriage 16.
4, a spindle forward / reverse rotation lever 56 and the like are provided, and further, a cutting oil pump switch 58, an emergency stop switch 60.
Is also provided.

Further, an operation panel 62 is provided on the opposite side of the carriage 16 to rotate the spindle at high speed, low speed,
Spindle speed setting input section 68 consisting of a push button switch 64 set to any neutral position and a select switch 66 setting a specific rotation speed, a push button switch for selecting cutting feed and thread cutting (millimeter screw, inch screw) A feed amount setting input section 74 including a select switch 72 for setting a concrete feed amount of the tool rest 22 or a pitch of the screw,
Each input means such as a ten-key input unit 76 for inputting a specific numerical value requested to be input as necessary, a display unit 78 for displaying an operation mode, a position of a cutting tool, and the like are provided.

Further, next to the display section 78, there are provided a mode changeover switch for selecting a machining pattern, which is a "origin setting" switch 80, a "normal machining" switch 82, an "arc machining" switch 84, and a "sizing". It is provided as a “machining” switch 86, a “thread cutting” switch 88, and a “fixed cycle” switch 90.

Manual operation refers to an operation mode in which the blade automatically moves along a preset route (locus) only when the feed lever is operated while the blade is moved to a predetermined initial position. However, this is done by the following procedure. First, an operation of "origin setting" for determining the coordinate value of the blade is performed. To do this, the mode selector switch 80 is set to "origin setting".
Since a dedicated screen is displayed on 8, and it is requested to enter the coordinate values of the tool, try cutting the work with a specific tool attached to the tool rest 22 and set the Z-axis and X-axis coordinate values of this tool on the numeric keypad. Input through the input unit 76. This "origin setting" is not always necessary for manual operation, but in the present embodiment, mode switching cannot be performed without going through this procedure.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the work piece 92 and the blade 94 when performing the "normal machining" of the linear machining by the manual operation. To do this, the "normal machining" is performed by the mode changeover switch 82. Select. Then, the display unit 78
Since a dedicated screen is displayed on the screen, and there is a request for inputting the locus of the blade 94, the ten-key input unit 76 is used to input the fact that straight-line machining is performed (angle or gradient is 0).

Then, the feed amount is input to the feed amount setting input section 74 (the feed is selected by the push button switch 70 and the specific feed amount is set by the select switch 72), and the blade 94 is moved to a predetermined position. If the linear feed lever 48 is tilted in a predetermined direction, the blade 94 moves only while tilted in that direction. When the blade 94 is moved by other than the machining feed, if the fast-forward lever 52 is tilted in the corresponding direction, the blade 94 is fast-forwarded only while tilted.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the work 92 and the blade 94 when the taper machining is performed by the manual operation. In this case, a predetermined angle is given when the locus of the blade 94 is requested to be input. Since the (gradient) is input and the taper or arc feed lever 50 is used as the feed lever, the operation is the same as above.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the work 92 and the blade 94 when the circular arc machining is performed by the manual operation. In this case, the mode changeover switch 84 selects "arc circular machining". Then, when there is a request for inputting the trajectory of the blade 94, the arc center coordinates are input. Next, the blade 94
Is moved to an arbitrary point and the taper or arc feed lever 50 is tilted in a predetermined direction, the arc moves in that direction with the radius connecting the arc center coordinates and the moving point of the blade 94 as a radius.

The automatic operation means an operation mode in which the blade 94 automatically moves along a preset locus between a preset start point and a escape point. What is different from the manual operation is the blade 9
If the coordinates of the escape point of 4 and the trajectory angle are entered, the blade 9
Point 4 is a point that automatically stops at the escape point via an end point that is automatically calculated from the relationship between the start point, the angle, and the escape point.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are explanatory views showing the relationship between the work piece 92 and the blade 94 in the case of performing straight line or taper machining by automatic operation. In this case, the mode changeover switch 86 is used to perform "sizing machining". Select. Then, the display unit 7
A dedicated screen is displayed on the screen 8 and it is requested to input the coordinates and angle of the escape point, and accordingly, a predetermined value is input. Then, when the blade 94 is moved to the starting point and the automatic operation start lever 54 is tilted, the blade 94 moves through a preset trajectory from the starting point through the end point automatically calculated from the relationship between the starting point and the angle and the escape point. And reach the escape point. By repeating such an operation, a predetermined shape is processed.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the workpiece 92 and the blade 94 when the arc machining is performed by automatic operation. In this case, two points (start point and other arbitrary points) on the arc of the blade 94 are shown. ) And the coordinates of the escape point,
When the amount of arc (radius) and the direction of rotation are entered, the center position of the arc seen from the starting point is automatically calculated. Therefore, when the blade 94 is moved to the starting point and the automatic operation starting lever 54 is tilted, the blade 94 reaches the escape point from the starting point via the starting point and the radius and the end point automatically calculated from the escape point. By repeating such an operation, a predetermined shape is processed.

By the way, in the automatic operation, it is possible to set the start point and the end point at the same position and repeat the steps in multiple stages. FIG. 11 shows a case where rough machining is performed in multiple stages. In this case, the "fixed cycle" is selected by the mode changeover switch 90, and in response to the input request of the display unit 79 based on that, the start point, the end point, the inflection point, etc. are selected. By inputting the coordinates and the number of repetitions and tilting the automatic operation starting lever 54, the cycle motion shown in the drawing is performed. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram when performing multi-stage finishing, but this is for performing multi-stage machining in one cycle, and the input operation and operation operation are almost the same as those described above.

In addition to this, thread cutting can be carried out. To do this, select "thread cutting" with the mode changeover switch 88, and at the same time, use the push button switch 70 of the feed amount setting input section 74 with a millimeter screw or inch screw. Is selected, and a specific value of the pitch is set by the select switch 72 or the ten key input section 76. Then, threading can be performed by performing the same operation as the procedure of the "fixed cycle" described above.

FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the headstock 12, and the spindle 100 can obtain a total of 24 types of rotation speeds, that is, 12 shifts by an inverter motor and 2 conversions by high and low gear conversion. There is. For gear conversion, the gear shifter 104, which holds the slide gear 102, is replaced by the hydraulic cylinder 1.
The automatic type that moves with 06 is adopted, and the spindle 10
The rotation speed change of 0 is performed automatically. The operation is performed by pressing the push button switch 6 of the spindle speed setting input section 62.
4 is used to select a high speed or low speed gear conversion, and a select switch 66 is used to set a motor speed change. By operating the spindle forward / reverse rotation lever 54, a normal rotation is performed by a command system as shown in FIG. It is designed to reverse or stop.

By the way, in the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder 106 is operated by a low-pressure lubricating oil pump for supplying lubricating oil to each rotating portion of the headstock 12. That is, since the load applied to the hydraulic cylinder 106 is light only by the movement of the shifter 104, it is noted that a lubricating oil pump having a maximum pressure of about 18 kgf / cm ² is sufficient. Therefore, it is not necessary to newly install a high-pressure hydraulic unit or the like, and cost reduction is achieved also from this point.

Although FIG. 14 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 106, in the present invention, the lubricating oil pump 108 is used.
The supply of the lubricating oil and the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 106 are selectively performed by using one solenoid valve 110 for the pressure oil from. Therefore, while the hydraulic cylinder 106 is operating, the lubricating oil cannot be supplied, but since this is a short time and the rotating part is stopped, there is no problem such as seizure.

[0030]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the tool rest is manually moved, it can be operated in the same manner as a conventional ordinary lathe by observing the movement of the tool relative to the work. Further, when performing a manual operation or an automatic operation, although a simple input operation or the like is required, the operation operation is almost the same as the operation of the conventional feed lever or screw cutting lever. Therefore, it was possible to provide a lathe that can be easily used by anyone who has the knowledge and skills of conventional lathes (needs no skill for creating NC lathe program).

On the other hand, in the case of manual operation or automatic operation, a desired path can be taken by the blade, so that two-dimensional processing such as taper or arc which cannot be done by the conventional specification of the conventional lathe. to enable. Since the movement of the tool rest in this case is due to the servo motor and the ball screw, it is much higher than that of the conventional ordinary lathe. Further, in the case of manual operation or automatic operation, automatic stoppage and constant cycle machining are possible, so that the operability is further enhanced. In addition to this, since the control function for automatically moving the tool rest along a certain path may be extremely limited, various inexpensive effects such as a control device and the like can be expected. is there.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a command system of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional side view showing a mounted state of the manual pulse generator according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a moving path of a blade of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a tool movement path of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a headstock of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a new-generation ordinary lathe according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 18 Servo Motor 22 Turret 24 Servo Motor 26 Manual Pulse Generator 28 Manual Pulse Generator 30 Drive Handle 32 Drive Handle 42 Conversion Dial 44 Conversion Dial 48 Feed Lever (Linear Feed Lever) 50 Feed Lever (Taper or Arc Feed Lever) 54 Automatic operation start lever 100 Spindle 104 Gear shifter 106 Hydraulic cylinder 108 Lubricating oil pump

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A lathe that drives a ball screw by a servomotor to move a tool post in the Z-axis and X-axis directions, and moves the tool post by rotating a manual pulse generator for the Z-axis and the X-axis. Manual movement, which moves under predetermined processing conditions along a preset path by tilting the feed lever, manual operation, a preset path between the start point and end point preset by tilting the automatic operation start lever A new-generation normal lathe that is moved by any of the automatic operation that moves under a predetermined processing condition along. 2. The new-generation normal lathe according to claim 1, wherein the manual pulse generator is rotated by a drive handle, and the drive handle is rotated in a plane orthogonal to the Z axis and the X axis, respectively. 3. The new-generation ordinary lathe according to claim 1, wherein a conversion dial is attached to the drive handle, and the movement amount of the tool rest per one rotation of the drive handle can be changed by operating the conversion dial. 4. The rotation speed of the main shaft is changed by gear conversion for moving a gear shifter by an inverter motor and a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is selectively operated by supplying a lubricating oil with a lubricating oil pump. 3 new generation ordinary lathes.