JPH0711114A - Monofilament produced from blend of polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the polyhydric alcohol component and polyamide - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a monofilament made from a blend of a polyester having a polyhydric alcohol of 1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol, and a polyamide. Additionally, the blend may include a polyolefin. This blend is useful as an article of paper making machine clothing used in forming, pressing, or drying sections of a paper making machine when the blend is in the form of a fiber structure. The blends usefulness stems from its dry-heat strength and hydrolysis resistance.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a monofilament made from a blend of polyester and polyamide having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a polyhydric alcohol component. The present invention, when the blend is in the form of a fiber structure, the paper layer forming section of the paper machine, the pressing section,
Alternatively, it is particularly useful as an article for paper machine closing used in the drying section.

[0002]

Paper is composed of cellulosic fibers formed into sheets. The paper machine is composed of three main parts: a paper layer forming part, a pressing part and a drying part.

In the paper layer forming section, a slurry of cellulose pulp is discharged onto a paper layer forming fabric consisting of long, woven bands of wire mesh. As the paper-layer forming fabric moves through the paper-layer forming portion, some of the water in the slurry will flow through the fabric to form webs. When this web leaves the paper layer forming part, the web is about 8
It is composed of 0% water and about 20% solids. Over the years, paper-layer forming fabrics have been woven from metal wire and have a useful life of about one week on a single paper machine. This short life was due to metal fatigue and wear caused by contact with machine parts within the paper layer formation. Experiments began in the 1960s to replace metallic fabrics with woven synthetic monofilament yarn fabrics. Today, polyester monofilaments are the yarn of choice for this application, and typical fabric life is about 60-120 days.

After leaving the paper layer forming section, the web moves to the pressing section where a high compression force is applied by a pair of press rolls to remove more water from the web. The squeezing fabric serves as a cushion and a medium for removing water between the press rolls. As the web exits the press, it contains about 60% water and about 40% solids.

Traditionally, press fabrics have been made from 100% wool due to their resilience and water absorbency. However, synthetics have been developed that have a longer useful life and better resilience than wool felts. Today, the fabric of choice consists of a base fabric with polyamide fibers needlepunched therein to form a felt. The typical useful life of a press felt is 30-60 days.

The drying section consists of a huge steam heated cylinder which dries the web to a moisture content level of about 6%. A dryer felt or dryer fabric is required to keep the dryer cylinder and paper in contact. Initially, these fabrics were made from cotton, but with advances in papermaking technology, ever higher papermaking speeds and dryer temperatures were used,
This shortened the useful life of the cotton dryer felt.

Many different fibers and yarns have been used to develop higher performance dryer felts with the goal of improving the efficiency of the papermaking process. Currently, the most prevalent monofilaments used in the manufacture of dryer fabrics are polyester monofilaments. Luciano, B.'s “Albany International Fa
See "Bric Facts", Volume 38, Nos. 4-6. Dryer fabrics made of polyester monofilaments operating at typical temperatures (300-350 ° F) have a useful life of about one year.

To improve profitability, paper companies want to increase the speed of their paper machines. In addition to the dryer section of the paper machine, perhaps additional heat is used in other sections as well to increase the output while drying the paper well.

High temperatures tend to adversely affect the hydrolysis resistance of polyester yarns. For this reason, dryer fabric manufacturers turned to other fibers in an effort to increase the service life of the fabric at higher temperatures.

If the fabric has to be replaced with a new one outside the scheduled maintenance cycle due to breakage or damage, the cost of downtime of the paper machine can be a significant loss to the papermaker. For this reason, it would be desirable to be able to produce dryer fabrics that could operate for longer, more predictable times under large amounts of heat and high papermaking speeds.

As we move toward the next century, it is increasingly emphasized to use recycled paper to make new paper. In the United States, federal and state legislation is mandating that each pound of paper produced should use a certain amount of recycled paper. This is a good law for environmentalists. However, since recycled paper contains high levels of pollutants, this law obliging the use of waste paper imposes new challenges on paper makers. Contaminants include pulp residues, inorganic residues (eg clay and titanium dioxide), adhesives from postal labels, adhesives from hot melt adhesives, non-paper films, printing inks and the like. These contaminants either adhere to the papermaking fibers or are carried to the paper machine and incorporated into the final paper sheet. If these contaminants cannot be easily removed, the fabric will gradually become clogged and the quality of the paper will continue to decline until the fabric is replaced with a new one. 10 for easy cleaning
Fabrics made from 0% monofilament are desirable. See Luciano, B, above.

One solution is to use polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) monofilaments for the production of dryer felts. Although PPS has very good hydrolysis resistance, unfortunately it is difficult to extrude the polymer into monofilaments and is also very expensive. Similarly, PPS monofilaments can be problematic on a paper machine because they are so brittle. An example of a PPS monofilament is found in US Pat. No. 5,162,151, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Another fiber solution to the harsh environment of the papermaking process is the use of poly (2-methyl-1,5-pentylene) terephthalamide. See US Pat. No. 5,162,152, which is incorporated herein by reference. Yet another fiber solution is the use of a copolymer of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (also called 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol). See US Pat. No. 5,169,499, hereby incorporated by reference.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new fiber used for the closing of a paper machine.

[0015]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems,
According to the present invention, there is provided a shaped article comprising a blend of a polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a polyhydric alcohol component and a polyamide.

According to the present invention, there is also provided an article for use in the closing of a paper machine used in the paper layer forming section, squeezing section or drying section of a paper machine, wherein the article comprises a fiber structure, The structure as a polyhydric alcohol component 1,
An article for paper machine closing comprising a blend of polyester and polyamide with 4-cyclohexanedimethanol is provided.

One aspect of the present invention is directed to monofilaments made from blends of polyesters and polyamides having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the polyhydric alcohol component. The blends are useful as papermaking clothing articles used in the paper forming, squeezing, or drying sections of a paper machine when the blend is in the form of a fibrous structure. The usefulness of the blend is
This is due to its heat strength during drying and hydrolysis resistance. Another aspect of the invention is directed to a monofilament made from a blend of polyester, polyamide, and polyolefin having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the polyhydric alcohol component. This blend is useful as a papermaking clothing closing article, as described above, and its utility stems from the great potential of being formed into a spiral fabric in addition to the properties as described for the aforementioned products. Is.

The blends of the present invention disclosed herein include a polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the polyhydric alcohol component and a polyamide. The blend comprises about 70 weight percent to about 95 weight percent polyester and about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent.
It may include weight percent of polyamide. Preferably, the blend is from about 85 weight percent to about 9
Includes 5 weight percent polyester and about 5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent polyamide. Further, a hydrolysis stabilizer can be added to the blend. The amount of hydrolysis stabilizer is about 0.5 of the blend.
From 5 to about 5 weight percent, preferably about 1.0 weight percent of the blend. Also, the blend can include a thermo-oxidative stabilizer. The thermal oxidative stabilizer can comprise from about 0.05 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend, preferably about 5 weight percent of the blend.

Also, the blends of the present invention disclosed herein also include polyesters, polyamides, and polyolefins having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as the polyhydric alcohol component. The blend can include about 70 weight percent to about 95 weight percent polyester, about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent polyamide, and about 1 weight percent to about 6 weight percent polyolefin. Preferably, the blend is about 85 to about 95 weight percent polyester, about 5 to about 15 weight percent polyamide,
And about 1 to about 3 weight percent polyolefin. In addition, the blend can also include a hydrolysis stabilizer. The hydrolysis stabilizer comprises from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of the blend, preferably about 1.0 weight percent of the blend. The blend may also include a thermo-oxidative stabilizer. The thermal oxidative stabilizer may comprise from about 0.05 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend. If used, it preferably comprises about 5 weight percent of the blend.

As used herein, the term "monofilament" refers to a single filament of all commercially produced fiber having a fineness of typically 14 denier or greater. Similarly, as used herein, the term "shaped article" refers to articles made by extrusion or molding techniques, ie, fibers, films, injection molded articles, blow molded articles, and the like. Not limited.

As used herein, the term "polyester having a polyhydric alcohol component of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol" is described in US Pat. No. 2,901,466, which is hereby incorporated by reference. It refers to, but is not necessarily limited to, the polyester materials disclosed and claimed therein. The polyfunctional acid component is selected from the group consisting of, but not necessarily limited to, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, derivatives of isophthalic acid, derivatives of terephthalic acid, and combinations thereof. These polyesters are polyesters called polycyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate (PCT) obtained from the condensation reaction of cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) with terephthalic acid or its derivatives, or condensation products of CHDM, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid. It can be a polyester called PCTA.
Each of the aforementioned products is commercially available from Eastman Chemical Company of Kingsport, Tennessee, USA under the trade names Eastman 3879 (PCT) and "KODAR" THERMX Copolyester Type 13319 (PCTA). Of these, PCTA is preferred. The processability of these materials as fibers is improved by adding a small proportion of polyethylene terephthalate. British Patent No. 1, incorporated herein by reference,
See 040,470.

"Polyamide" as used herein
The term refers to all known polyamide polymers. Polyamides are believed to improve the dry heat strength and hydrolysis resistance of yarns made from the blends.
Typical polyamides are nylon 6, nylon 6,1
0, nylon 6,12, nylon 11, nylon 12,
There are, but is not necessarily limited to, nylon 4,6, nylon 6, T, nylon 6,6, and combinations thereof. Nylon 6,6 is preferred. The Nylon material mentioned above is based on Hoechst® at the Summit, NJ, USA
Commercially available from Celanese Engineering Plastics Division.

The term "polyolefin" as used herein refers to all known polyolefin polymers. Polyolefins are believed to improve the ability to form fibers into spiral yarns. Representative polyolefins include, but are not necessarily limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoctene and copolymers thereof. These materials are commercially available under the trade name "ASPUN" from Dow Chemical Company of Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The term "hydrolysis stabilizer" as used herein refers to "endcapping agent". The endcapping agent is used to prevent the collapse of the polyester polymer. This particular type of disintegration results from hydrolysis. Representative hydrolysis stabilizers include the group of chemicals known as carbodiimides. A preferred carbodiimide is known by the chemical name 2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbodiimide. Such carbodiimides are commercially available from Rhein Chemie GmbH in Reinau, Germany, under the name "STABA".
XOL "," STABAXOL P ", and" STAB "
It is marketed under the trade name of AXOL P-100 "and under the trade name of" CARBO D "from BASF of Parsippany, NJ, USA. Of these," STABAXOL I "and" CARBO "
D "is preferred.

As used herein, the term "thermooxidative stabilizer" refers to a substance added to prevent the polyester from collapsing when subjected to heat during drying. A preferred material is "KODAR" THERMX 13 from Eastman Chemical Company of Kingsport, TN, USA.
It is marketed under the trade name of 319 L0001.

The monofilaments of the polyolefin containing alloys disclosed herein are particularly suitable for spiral wound end uses. The end use of spiral winding refers to a fabric made from spirally wound monofilaments used in, for example, conveyor belts, underlay belts, dryer fabrics for paper machines, and the like. A spiral wound fabric refers to: For example, monofilaments are passed through a spiral winder to create an oval spiral. In this spiral winding machine, the monofilament is heated and wrapped around a mandrel of a particular shape. As the new monofilament enters the spiral winder and is spiral wound, the cooled monofilament wrapped around the mandrel is driven to the end of the mandrel. These spiral wound monofilament coils are then interlocked and the pintle yarn is formed into an interlocking structure through the interlocking coils. The entire fabric is constructed by stacking multiple coil structures bound with pintle yarns. In the space between the pintle yarns, additional monofilaments can be inserted to control the air permeability of the fabric. After the fabric is built, the fabric is heat set to secure dimensional stability. Fabric made from spirally wound coil,
It is attractive because it is cheaper than woven fabrics with similar dimensions. Defective portions of the fabric, also made from spirally wound monofilaments, can be repaired by removing the pintle yarn from either side of the defective portion and inserting a new piece of fabric in place of the removed portion. See generally US Pat. No. 4,423,543, which discusses spiral fabrics, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Additional details and objects of the invention are more fully described in the examples set forth below. Weights are given as weight percents, unless otherwise stated.

[0028]

EXAMPLES The following examples illustrate the production of the present invention (without polyolefin) and evaluate the physical properties and performance of the present invention against other materials. The ingredients and weight percentages of the blends tested are shown in Table 1.

The polyester resin is dried to remove water. The water content of the dried resin should be 0.007% or less. The resin is then transferred into an oxygen free holding vessel located above the three heating zones and the single screw extruder. The resin is gravity fed to the extruder. The other components of the blend are added by including a polyamide resin and the other components of the blend are added by a metering device as the resin is gravity fed to the extruder. While in the extruder, all components of the blend are melted and intimately mixed. Table 2 shows the set temperature of each zone. The blend is then melt spun through a spinning die or spinneret to produce monofilaments 0.50 mm in diameter. The temperature of the spinning die and the temperature of the blend during extrusion are shown in Table 2. After exiting the spinning die, the monofilaments are quenched in a water bath directly below the spinning die. After quenching, the monofilament is drawn and heat set. Heat setting is done in a furnace located in the third draw zone. Table 2 shows the draw ratio and the temperature of the heat setting furnace.

Table 3 shows the physical properties of the above-mentioned monofilaments. "Denier" was calculated by weighing 1 meter length of monofilament. The "hot air shrinkage" is determined by placing a sample (1 meter long monofilament wound in a loop with a diameter of about 10 to 11 cm) in a forced convection hot air oven set at 200 ° C for 15 minutes. The sample was then removed from the furnace, cooled, and finally calculated by measuring the length of the sample. “Relative elongation of 1 gram per denier” (relative elongation at 1 G / D), “elongation at break”, and “toughness or tenacity” means a gauge length of 500 mm, cross Head speed 500m
Measurements are made with a planar clamp (monofilament running from top of top clamp to bottom of bottom clamp from top to bottom) using an Instron Universal Tensile Tester, Model # 4201, set to m / min. "Hooking strength" and "knot strength" are measured by the Instron tester described above. However, in the case of hooking strength, two monofilaments are tied so that the loops intersect, and in case of knotting strength, one monofilament is overhand knotted. “Abrasion cycle to failure” is a squirrel cage device (squirrel ca
ge apparatus). The squirrel cage is 8/3/8 inch in diameter and is tempered of 15 0.2024 inch Precision Brand Product Industry T-302 stainless steel springs equally spaced around the periphery of the cage. With a wire. The squirrel cage is rotated at a speed of 60 rpm. The monofilament is hung from the bar located just above the center of the car so as to cover the entire squirrel cage, and has a weight of 50 grams (monofilament diameter is 0.50 mm or less) or 100 grams (monofilament diameter is 0.50 mm or More). The results are reported as the number of cycles that have passed by the moment the monofilament breaks.

Table 4 shows the "hydrolysis resistance" of this example. Hydrolysis resistance is measured as a function of the day in the hydrolysis pot in the form of percent retention strength. The sample (about 1 meter long) is coiled into a loop with a diameter of 3 inches. Samples are required on the first day and every sample day. The sample is placed on the mesh rack inside the fixed sterilizer autoclave. The autoclave has a pressure of 15 psi and a temperature of 250 for continuous operation.
Set to ° F (121 ° C) and evacuation time (cool down cycle) to 60 minutes. On the day that the sample is to be tested, the autoclave is cooled, the sample removed, allowed to cool and equilibrated for one day before the Instron test. Samples for future test days are reheated in the autoclave as described above. The "break point load" of the sample was measured with an Instron tensile tester (model # 4201) with a gauge length of 500 m.
m, crosshead speed 500 mm / min, and using a clamp with a flat razor surface. The percent retention strength is calculated relative to the initial load at break.

Table 5 shows the "thermal strength of the sample when dried".
It is shown. Dry heat strength is measured as a percentage of strength as a function of day in a forced air circulation oven. The sample (about 1 meter long) is coiled into a loop with a diameter of 3 inches. Samples are required on the first day and every sample day. The sample is suspended from a steel sample holder located 8 inches from the apex inside the chamber of a forced air circulation furnace. For continuous operation, set the oven to a temperature of 175 ° C. Samples are removed from the chamber on each test day and allowed to cool. The "break point load" of the sample is measured on an Instron tensile tester (model # 4201) with a gauge length of 500 m.
m, crosshead speed 500 mm / min, using a clamp with a flat razor surface. The percent retention strength is calculated for the first load at break.

[0033]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

[Table 5] The following examples illustrate the products of the present invention (with polyolefin) and their physical properties. The components and weight percentages of the blends tested were as follows: PCTA (THERMRX 13319) 87% Nylon (N186, Hoechst Celanese) 10% Polyolefin 2% (ASPUN 6830A, 0.1%). Ethylene-1-octene copolymer containing maleic anhydride of 0.05% and calcium stearate) Hydrolysis stabilizer (Carbo D manufactured by BASF) 0.9% Polyester resin for removing water To dry. The water content of the dried resin should be 0.007% or less. The resin is then transferred into an oxygen free holding vessel located above a single screw extruder with three heating zones. Heating zone 1 is 299 ° C, zone 2 is 305 ° C,
Zone 3 is heated to 305 ° C. The resin is gravity fed to the extruder. The other components of the blend including the polyamide resin and the polyolefin resin are added by a metering device when the resin is gravity fed to the extruder. While in the extruder, all the ingredients of the blend melt and are intimately mixed. The blend is then melt spun through a spinning die or spinneret into 0.70 mm diameter monofilaments. The temperature of the spinning die was 310 ° C and the temperature of the blend during extrusion was 327 ° C. After exiting the spin die, the monofilament is quenched in a water bath just below the spinning die. After quenching, the monofilament is drawn and heat set. Heat setting is done in a furnace located in the third draw zone. The draw ratios were 3.2, 1 and 1, respectively, and the temperature of the heat setting furnace was 1.
It was 55 ° C.

The physical properties of this monofilament are shown in Table 6.
Shown in. The test procedure is the same as previously described.

[0035]

[Table 6] The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes of the invention. Therefore, reference should be made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing detailed description of the invention as defining the scope of the invention.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location D01F 6/92 308 E 7199-3B // D21F 1/10 7199-3B 7/08 Z 7199-3B (72) Inventor Paul Earl Cadmouth, Robinson Coat, Spartanburg, 29303, South Carolina, United States 120

Claims (30)

[Claims] 1. A shaped article comprising a blend of polyester and polyamide having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a polyhydric alcohol component. 2. The shaped article according to claim 1, wherein the blend further comprises a polyolefin. 3. The polyester is about 70 parts of the blend.
The shaped article of claim 1, comprising from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the blend. 4. The polyester is about 85 of the blend.
The shaped article of claim 1, comprising from about 5 weight percent to about 95 weight percent, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend. 5. The shaped article of claim 1, further comprising a hydrolysis stabilizer, the hydrolysis stabilizer comprising from about 0.5 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of the blend. 6. The shaped article according to claim 5, wherein the hydrolysis stabilizer comprises carbodiimide. 7. The hydrolytic stabilizer is about 1 part of the blend.
The shaped article of claim 6, which comprises a weight percentage. 8. The shaped article of claim 1, further comprising a thermo-oxidative stabilizer, wherein the thermo-oxidative stabilizer comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend. 9. The shaped article of claim 8, wherein the thermo-oxidative stabilizer comprises about 5 weight percent of the blend. 10. The polyamide is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 6,10, nylon 6,12, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 4,6, nylon 6, T, nylon 6,6, and combinations thereof. The shaped article according to claim 1 or 2, which is selected. 11. The shaped article according to claim 10, wherein the polyamide is nylon 6,6. 12. The polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a polyhydric alcohol component,
Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, derivatives of isophthalic acid,
The shaped article according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a polyfunctional acid selected from the group consisting of a derivative of terephthalic acid and a combination thereof. 13. The polyester is about 7 parts of the blend.
0 weight percent to about 95 weight percent,
The shaped article of claim 2, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the blend and the polyolefin comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 6 weight percent of the blend. 14. The polyester is about 8 parts of the blend.
5% to about 95% by weight,
The shaped article of claim 2, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of the blend and the polyolefin comprises from about 1 weight percent to about 3 weight percent of the blend. 15. The polyolefin is polyethylene,
The shaped article according to claim 2, which is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyoctene, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 16. An article for use in the closing of a paper machine used in the paper layer forming section, pressing section or drying section of a paper machine, wherein the article comprises a fibrous structure, and the fibrous structure is a polyhydric alcohol. An article for papermachine closing comprising a blend of a polyester and a polyamide having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a component. 17. The article of claim 16 wherein the blend further comprises a polyolefin. 18. The polyester is about 7 parts of the blend.
0 weight percent to about 95 weight percent,
The article of claim 16, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the blend. 19. The polyester is about 8 parts of the blend.
5% to about 95% by weight,
The article of claim 16, wherein the polyamide comprises from about 5 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend. 20. The article of claim 16, further comprising a hydrolysis stabilizer, wherein the hydrolysis stabilizer comprises from about 0.5 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of the blend. 21. The article of claim 20, wherein the hydrolysis stabilizer comprises carbodiimide. 22. The article of claim 21, wherein the hydrolysis stabilizer comprises about 1 weight percent of the blend. 23. The article of claim 16, further comprising a thermo-oxidative stabilizer, wherein the thermo-oxidative stabilizer comprises from about 0.05 weight percent to about 10 weight percent of the blend. 24. The thermooxidative stabilizer is about 5 parts of the blend.
24. The article of claim 23, which comprises weight percent. 25. The polyamide is selected from the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 6,10, nylon 6,12, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 4,6, nylon 6, T, nylon 6,6, and combinations thereof. The article according to claim 16 or 17, which is selected. 26. The article of claim 25, wherein the polyamide is nylon 6,6. 27. The polyester having 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a polyhydric alcohol component,
Isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, derivatives of isophthalic acid,
18. An article according to claim 16 or 17 further comprising a polyfunctional acid selected from the group consisting of derivatives of terephthalic acid, and combinations thereof. 28. The polyester is about 7 parts of the blend.
0 weight percent to about 95 weight percent,
18. The article of claim 17, wherein the polyamide comprises about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the blend and the polyolefin comprises about 1 weight percent to about 6 weight percent of the blend. 29. The polyester is about 8 parts of the blend.
5% to about 95% by weight,
18. The article of claim 17, wherein the polyamide comprises about 5 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of the blend and the polyolefin comprises about 1 weight percent to about 3 weight percent of the blend. 30. The polyolefin is polyethylene,
18. A composition selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyoctene, copolymers thereof and combinations thereof.
The listed article.