JPH07107709B2 - Pattern recognizer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention relates to a pattern recognition apparatus, and more particularly to pattern recognition in an analog manner.

[Prior Art] A pattern recognition device, that is, a holographic system, has been proposed in which a large number of nonlinear oscillators that perform nonlinear vibrations are coupled and pattern recognition is performed in an analog manner by overall coordinated control (for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-62). -103773 gazette).

Such a pattern recognition device has a function block as shown in FIG.
The cell block 2 includes a storage unit 3 and a reference oscillator 6.

The pattern preprocessing unit 1 converts the input graphic pattern 4 into a two-dimensional bit pattern, and the pattern preprocessing unit 1 is connected to the cell block 2 via the bus 5.

The cell block 2 has a multilayer structure. The one shown in FIG. 2 has four layers 21 to 24. Each of the cell block layers 21 to 24 is composed of non-linear oscillators 2a arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Note that the pattern preprocessing unit 1
Conversion to a dimensional bit pattern is performed for each cell block layer 21-
This is done so as to correspond to the arrangement of 24 nonlinear oscillators 2a.
Each nonlinear oscillator 2a is connected to the pattern preprocessor 1 via the bus 5 so as to be excited by the corresponding bit of the bit pattern.

Here, FIG. 3 shows a vibration direction of the non-linear oscillator of each cell block layer during excitation, and FIG. 4 shows a coupling relation of the non-linear oscillator of each cell block layer.

As shown in FIG. 3 (A), the first cell block layer 21 has 0 degrees of the two-dimensional bit pattern (in order to avoid confusion, the angle unit of the line segment is indicated by “degree” and the phase unit is indicated by Each non-linear oscillator so that the line segment (indicated by “°”) is detected
The vibration direction of 2a is defined. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the nonlinear oscillator 2aa of the first cell block layer 21 has the following eight nonlinear oscillators 2ab-2ah.
The non-linear oscillators 2ab and 2af adjacent to each other in the direction of 0 degree are coupled so as to strengthen the excitation, and the non-linear oscillators 2ad and 2ah adjacent to each other in the direction of 90 degree are greatly weakened. Is coupled to the non-linear oscillators 2ad and 2ah adjacent to each other in the directions of 45 degrees and 135 degrees so as to weaken the excitation a little.

As shown in FIG. 3 (B), each of the nonlinear oscillators 2a of the second cell block layer 22 has a vibration direction selected in the direction of 45 degrees so that a 45-degree line segment of the two-dimensional bit pattern can be detected. As shown in FIG. 4 (B), the excitation is strengthened with the nonlinear oscillator adjacent in the direction of 45 degrees, and the excitation is greatly weakened with the nonlinear oscillator adjacent in the direction of 135 degrees. ,
The non-linear oscillators adjacent to each other in the directions of 0 degree and 90 degrees are coupled so as to weaken the excitations slightly.

The third cell block layer 23 and the fourth cell block layer 24 will not be described in detail, but they are shown in FIG. 3 (C) and FIG. 4 (C), and FIG. 3 (D) and FIG. 4 respectively. As shown in (D), the 90-degree and 135-degree line segments of the two-dimensional bit pattern are detected.

The non-linear oscillators 2a of the cell block layers 21 to 24 of the cell block 2 are connected to the reference oscillator 6 via the bus 8, and are different from the oscillation of the reference oscillator 6 in each cell block layer. It vibrates in the phase of. For example, the nonlinear oscillator of the first cell block layer 21 vibrates at a phase of 0 ° with respect to the reference vibration, and the nonlinear oscillator of the second cell block layer 22 vibrates at a phase of 90 ° with respect to the reference vibration. Then, the nonlinear oscillator of the third cell block layer 23 vibrates at a phase of 180 ° with respect to the reference vibration, and the nonlinear oscillator of the fourth cell block layer 24 vibrates at a phase of 270 ° with respect to the reference vibration. To do. Therefore, the line segment of the inclination in the specific direction in the input bit pattern causes the cell block 2 to vibrate in the specific vibration phase.

The storage unit 3 is connected to the cell block 2 via the bus 7. The storage unit 3 is composed of a plurality of nonlinear oscillators 3a each having a unique oscillation phase with respect to the oscillation of the reference oscillator 6 connected via the bus 9. The nonlinear oscillator 3a interacts with the nonlinear oscillator 2a of the cell block 2 and is excited. In the nonlinear oscillator 3a, several groups each represent a specific category (triangle, quadrangle, octagon, line segment, etc.), so that the nonlinear oscillators 3a belonging to the same category mutually strengthen their excitation. Is bound to.

Therefore, the nonlinear oscillator 3a of the storage unit 3 is the cell block 2
Due to the interaction with and the interaction in the storage unit 3, only the nonlinear oscillator that selectively represents a specific category is excited. By this, the input graphic pattern 4
Pattern recognition is performed.

For example, the input line figure pattern 4 is shown in FIG.
As shown in, in the case of a right-angled isosceles triangle composed of line segments of 0 degree, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, the first cell block layer 21, the second cell block layer 22, and the third cell block layer 23 strengthens the excitation, that is, detects line segments of 0 degree, 45 degree, and 90 degree, and the storage unit 3 detects the right angle shown in FIG. 5 (B) based on these excitation states (including the vibration phase). Recognize that the non-linear oscillators 3aa to 3ac that compose the category of isosceles triangles activate and strengthen the excitation, while the vibrations of other non-linear oscillators are deactivated and are isosceles right triangles.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The pattern recognition device (holovision system) described above.
Is different from the information processing in the pattern recognition device before that, and since the principle is very new and research is not sufficiently advanced, there are insufficient points as a pattern recognition device. is there.

One of the problems is that the recognition pattern cannot be recognized well when the input pattern is rotated with respect to a typical pattern of a category that the recognition pattern has in advance. Therefore, we have to prepare separate categories for the same figure and the figure that can be created by rotating it.
There is a problem that the configuration of the storage unit 3 becomes complicated.

For example, in the case of the cell block 2 having a four-layer structure shown in FIG. 2, line segments of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees can be detected as described above, and the cell blocks of FIG. 6 (A) and FIG. The cell block layers of the line segments corresponding to the two-dimensional bit patterns 4a and 4b of the same triangle shown in (B) are excited. However, when only the above-mentioned categories shown in FIG. 5 (9) are prepared in the storage unit 3 as categories for triangles, the same input pattern 4a as that shown in FIG. 6 (A) is prepared. On the other hand, a non-linear oscillator that constitutes that category of the storage unit 3 based on the vibration phases from the first, second, and third cell block layers 21 to 23.
3aa to 3ac strengthen the excitation and activate the category,
In the case of the triangular input pattern 4b shown in FIG. 6 (B), which has the same triangle but has different directions, the cell block layers 21, 23, 24 in the excited state as shown in FIG. 6 (B). Is not the cell block layers 21 to 23 that activate that category, the non-linear oscillators 3aa to 3ac of the triangular category prepared for this input pattern are not activated.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points. Patterns having the same shape (the size may be different) and having a rotational relationship can be obtained without increasing the number of categories prepared in the storage unit. An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern recognition device that can recognize both.

[Means for Solving the Problem] In order to solve the problem, in the present invention, the pattern recognition device is configured by the following means.

A pattern pre-processing unit for converting an input figure pattern into a two-dimensional bit pattern, and a predetermined two-dimensional bit pattern so that the corresponding bits of the converted two-dimensional bit pattern excite a vibration phase unique to a layer. Cell blocks composed of a plurality of cell block layers in which a plurality of first non-linear oscillators connected so as to detect line segments in a direction are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and a cell block number The input figure is composed of a plurality of second nonlinear oscillators coupled to one nonlinear oscillator, and the second nonlinear oscillator is selectively excited by the excited first nonlinear oscillator of the cell block. And a plurality of storage units for recognizing patterns. Further, a plurality of phase shifters provided respectively between the cell block and the storage unit are provided to shift the oscillation phase of the first nonlinear oscillator of the cell block and supply the phase to the corresponding storage unit.

[Operation] The pattern preprocessing unit converts the input figure pattern into a two-dimensional bit pattern. A plurality of cell blocks are connected so as to be excited by corresponding bits of the transformed two-dimensional bit pattern in a vibration phase specific to the layer and to detect a line segment in a predetermined direction of the two-dimensional bit pattern. Of the first non-linear oscillator are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix and are formed of a plurality of cell block layers. The storage unit includes, for each category of the recognition pattern, a plurality of second nonlinear oscillators coupled to the first nonlinear oscillator of the cell block, and the first nonlinear oscillator excited by the cell block The second nonlinear oscillator is selectively excited to recognize the input graphic pattern. The phase shifter is provided between the cell block and the storage unit, and shifts the vibration phase of the first nonlinear oscillator of the cell block and supplies the phase to the corresponding storage unit.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Here, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of this embodiment.

In FIG. 1, the pattern recognition apparatus of this embodiment includes a pattern preprocessing unit 11, a cell block 12, a storage unit 13,
It is composed of a reference oscillator 16, a phase shifter 18, and a phase shift controller 19.

Also in this embodiment, the pattern preprocessing unit 11 converts the input graphic pattern 14 into a two-dimensional bit pattern, and the pattern preprocessing unit 11 is connected to the cell block 12 via the bus 15.

The cell block 12 also has a four-layer structure 12 as in the conventional device.
1 to 124, and each cell block layer 121.
To 124 are composed of non-linear oscillators 12a arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and each non-linear oscillator 12a is excited via corresponding bits of the bit pattern via the bus 15 to the pattern pre-processing unit. The one connected to 11. Further, the cell block layers 121 to 124 are connected to the reference oscillator 16 via the bus 20, and the cell block layers 121 to 124 vibrate in different unique phases with respect to the vibration of the reference oscillator 16.

However, in this embodiment, the vibration information of each of the cell block layers 121 to 124 of the cell block 12 is not directly applied to the storage unit 13 but is applied via the phase shifter 18.

The phase shifters 18 are provided by the number of categories prepared in the storage unit 13 described later, and each phase shifter 18 is controlled by the phase shift control unit 19 described later in each cell block layer by a predetermined phase amount.
The vibration phase of 121 to 124 is shifted.

Each cell block layer 121-124 through the phase shifter 18
The vibration state (strength of excitation and vibration phase) is given to the storage unit 13 via the bus 17.

The storage unit 13 is a reference oscillator connected via the bus 29.
It is composed of a plurality of nonlinear oscillators 13a each having a unique vibration phase with respect to 16 vibrations. Non-linear oscillator 1
3a is a nonlinear oscillator of the cell block 12 via the phase shifter 18.
Excited by interacting with 12a. Non-linear oscillator 13a
Also in this embodiment, several groups each represent a specific category (triangle, quadrangle, octagon, line segment, etc.), and the non-linear oscillators 13a belonging to the same category mutually enhance excitation. Are combined as.

In the case of this embodiment, only one category is prepared for the same shape (regardless of size).

Therefore, the non-linear oscillator 13a of the storage unit 13 has the interaction with the cell block 12 connected via the phase shifter 18, and the storage unit
Due to the interaction in 13, only the non-linear oscillator 13a that selectively represents a specific category is excited. As a result, the pattern recognition of the input graphic pattern 14 is performed.

Here, the phase shifter 18 is provided as a category prepared in the storage unit 13 even if the same shape is limited to one category regardless of its orientation, but the same orientation with different orientations. This is because the shape input pattern can be recognized in the storage unit 13 by the function of the phase shifter 18.

The phase shift amount of the phase shifter 18 is controlled by the phase shift controller 19. The phase shift control unit 19 is provided with vibration information from the cell block 12, and is also provided with vibration information from the storage unit 13.
From this information, the amount of phase shift is determined as follows.

Here, the phase shift amount for the m-th category prepared in the storage unit 13 is θp (m), and the vibration phase of the n-th nonlinear oscillator in the m-th category prepared in the storage unit 13 Is θm (m, n), the oscillation phase of the nonlinear oscillator at the two-dimensional position (i, j) of the kth cell block layer of the cell block 12 is θa (i, j, k), The k th
If the vibration amplitude of the nonlinear oscillator at the two-dimensional position (i, j) of the cell block layer of is set to ra (i, j, k), the phase shift control unit 19 calculates As shown in, the phase shift amount θp (m) is gradually changed. The amount of phase shift θp (m) stabilizes at some point.
Here, as the function f (x), an appropriate increasing function (sigmoid function) as shown in the following expression f (x) = (tanh (ax + b) +1) / 2 (2) (where a and b are constants) ) Is used.

Therefore, according to the above-described embodiment, the vibration phase from each cell block layer 121 to 124 of the cell block 12 is phase-shifted according to the prepared category and given to the storage unit 13 to recognize the pattern. Therefore, even if only one category is prepared for the same shape in the storage unit 13, it is possible to recognize an input pattern whose shape and orientation are different. That is, the configuration of the storage unit 13 can be simplified. Further, the direction of the shape can be recognized by the amount of phase shift at that time.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing vibration of the cell block 12 when an input pattern of a triangle different from the prepared triangle is input, and FIG. 8 is a vibration pattern of the cell block 12 with respect to the input pattern of FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing vibrations in a storage unit 13, activity of categories, and phase shift amounts of a phase shifter 18. FIG.

Now, let us say that the categories of triangles (see FIG. 5A) consisting of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees are the only triangle categories prepared in the storage unit 13. Here, it is assumed that the triangular bit pattern 14a rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the prepared triangle as shown in FIG. 7A is input. At this time, in the cell block 12, each nonlinear oscillator 12a is excited as shown in FIG. 7 (B) (note that FIG. 7 (B)).
Is the first cell block layer 121 and the third cell block layer 123.
And the vibration of the fourth cell block layer 124 is shown in the same plane).

Here, the vibration phase of the first cell block layer 121 with respect to the reference oscillator 16 is 0 °, and the third cell block layer 123
The vibration phase of the reference oscillator 16 is 180 °,
Since the vibration phase of the cell block layer 124 with respect to the reference vibrator 16 is 270 ° in the figure, when the vibration pattern of the cell block 12 is represented by a pulse signal with time on the horizontal axis, as shown in FIG. 8 (A). become.

When this vibration pattern is given from the cell block 12,
The vibration of the category representing the “line segment” in the storage unit 13 is the 8th
The vibration is partially vibrated as shown by a pulse in FIG. 6B, but since it is not a corresponding figure, the vibration is not strengthened and the activity level (broken line) decreases to 0. Note that the phase shift is not performed for this line segment catery by the above-mentioned phase shift control (the amount of phase shift is indicated by the one-dot chain line).

Similarly, with respect to the categories representing “quadrangle” and “octagon” in the storage unit 13, as shown in FIGS. 8D and 8E, the activity is lowered regardless of the phase shift control. Go.

On the other hand, in the category representing the “triangle” in the storage unit 13, the activity level increases as the phase shift control progresses,
Be recognized. It is recognized that the triangle pattern is rotated by 90 degrees from the prepared triangular pattern according to the amount of phase shift of the phase shifter 18 at this time.

Although the cell block 12 has a four-layer structure in the above-mentioned embodiments, it may have more layers.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the vibration phase from each cell block layer of the cell block is phase-shifted and given to the storage unit so that the pattern is recognized. Even if only one category is prepared for the same shape, it is possible to recognize an input pattern whose direction differs from that of the shape, and also recognize the direction of the shape depending on the phase shift amount at that time. You can

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a pattern recognition device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a conventional device, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing detection directions of respective layers of cell blocks of the conventional device. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the coupling relationship of the non-linear oscillators in each layer of the cell block of the conventional device, FIGS. 5 and 6 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the defects of the conventional device, and FIG. 7 is prepared in the above embodiment. Fig. 8 is an explanatory view showing the vibration of the cell block when an input pattern of a triangle different from the triangular category is input. Fig. 8 shows the vibration pattern of the cell block with respect to the input pattern of Fig. 7, the vibration in the storage unit, and the category. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the degree of activity and the phase shift amount of the phase shifter. 11 …… Pattern preprocessing section, 12 …… Cell block, 13 ……
Storage unit, 16 ... Reference oscillator, 18 ... Phase shifter, 19 ... Phase shift control unit, 121 to 124 ... Each layer of cell block.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pattern pre-processing unit for converting an input graphic pattern into a two-dimensional bit pattern, wherein a corresponding bit of the converted two-dimensional bit pattern is excited in a vibration phase specific to a layer, and A cell block including a plurality of cell block layers in which a plurality of first nonlinear oscillators connected so as to detect a line segment in a predetermined direction of the two-dimensional bit pattern are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and a recognition pattern category For each of the cell blocks, the second non-linear oscillator is coupled to the first non-linear oscillator of the cell block, and the second non-linear oscillator is excited by the first non-linear oscillator of the cell block. A plurality of storage units for recognizing the input graphic pattern by selectively exciting the non-linear oscillator are provided respectively between the cell block and the storage unit. Pattern recognition apparatus characterized by comprising a first plurality supplies vibration phase of nonlinear oscillators in the storage unit corresponding to phase the phase shifter of the cell block.