JPH07104526A - Image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an image forming method excellent in image stability by using a photosensitive body high in sensitivity, high in the mechanical durability of an electrophotographic sensitive body photosensitive layer, reduced in the consumption of the photosensitive body even when using a two component developer and small in the degradation of image quality and detrioration of sensitivity. CONSTITUTION:In the image forming method for forming a toner image on the outermost surface layer by allowing a developer composed of a carrier and a toner to come into contact with a photosensitive body containing a polycarbonate resin expressed by the general formulae, the image is formed by using the carrier 2-3g/cm<3> bulk density and 40-100mum in weight average particle diameter and controlling the ratio of linear velocity of a development sleeve to that of the photosensitive body to 1.1-2.5. [In the formulae, each of R1 and R2 represents hydrogen atom, 1-6C alkyl group, allyl group or the like, each of R3 to R6 represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, 1-6C alkyl group, allyl group or 4-10C cyclic hydrocarbon group. Each of (l), (m), (p) and (q) is integers of 1-4.].

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic image forming method, and more particularly to a developing process of an electrophotographic image forming method using an organic photoconductor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a typical electrophotographic image forming method, the electrophotographic copying method of the Carlson method will be described. After the surface of a photoconductor is uniformly charged, the charge is erased imagewise by exposure. Form an electrostatic latent image, develop the electrostatic latent image with toner, then transfer the toner to paper,
Fix it.

Usually, the photosensitive member is subjected to removal of residual adhered toner, charge removal, and surface cleaning, and is repeatedly used for a long period of time.

Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has, of course, electrophotographic characteristics such as good charging characteristics and sensitivity and small dark decay, and in addition, printing durability, abrasion resistance, moisture resistance, etc. in repeated use. It is also required to have good physical properties and resistance (environmental resistance) to ozone generated during corona discharge and ultraviolet rays during exposure.

Conventionally, selenium has been used as an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
Inorganic photoconductors having an inorganic photoconductive substance such as zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide as a main component of a photosensitive layer have been widely used. In recent years, as a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a carrier generating function and a carrier transporting function are shared by different substances, and substances exhibiting each function are selected from a wide range according to desired characteristics, and high sensitivity and high durability are achieved. There is a trend to put organic photoconductors into practical use.

Such a function-separated type organic photoreceptor is conventionally mainly used for negative charging. As described in JP-A-60-247647, a thin carrier generating layer is provided on a support, and a thin carrier generating layer is provided thereon. The structure is such that a relatively thick carrier transport layer is provided.

As the binder used for the photoreceptor, it is well known that bisphenol A type polycarbonate exhibits good characteristics in terms of charging characteristics, sensitivity, residual potential and repetitive characteristics.

However, as a result of investigations by the present inventors, the bisphenol A type polycarbonate has a high polymer crystallinity, so that the solution thereof easily gels and becomes unusable in about 1 to 2 days. have. Also,
When a film is formed by coating, crystalline polycarbonate is likely to be deposited on the surface of the film during the formation of a coating film to form a convex portion, which causes tailing of the coating film to reduce the yield, or Toner adheres to the convex portion during use and remains without being cleaned, and image defects due to so-called poor cleaning are likely to occur.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member using the bisphenol A type polycarbonate as a binder resin is
There are drawbacks that the surface of the photosensitive layer is scratched by being rubbed with a magnetic brush or a cleaning blade, and the photosensitive layer is gradually worn away. On the other hand, high image quality and smooth copying workability depend on a smooth and uniform surface property of the photoconductor having a uniform thickness. Film surface failure such as yuzu skin, pinholes, coating streaks, and cracks (solvent cracks) caused by the coating composition or coating or drying that forms the constituent layers of the photoconductor coating constituent layer is a serious problem in terms of copy characteristics and production technology. This is the place where

Surfactants are useful for improving the surface property or slipperiness, and are effective for dispersion of suspended solids and improvement of dispersion stability in the case of suspension type paints, and are also dissolved in solution type paints. It has value in production technology such as promotion and improvement of coatability. However, if the type is wrongly selected, it often causes problems such as poor adhesion between layers, failure due to alteration, and troubles related to moisture resistance.

In order to solve the above problems, the introduction of a substituent having a fluorine atom at the carbon between the phenylene rings (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-6).
5444), an alkyl group to the phenylene ring, a Hangen atom substitution (JP-A-62-148263), or a copolymer of monomers in which both phenylene rings are substituted with a phenyl group or a cyclohexyl group (JP-A-1). 269942, 1-269943) or the use of distyryl in combination with bisphenol Z type polycarbonate as a carrier transporting substance (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-322).
No. 65) etc. have been proposed. However, it still lacks sufficient surface strength and surface smoothness, is weak against abrasion, and is easily scratched. There is a problem in that the image quality is deteriorated during repeated use, and the sensitivity is reduced due to a decrease in film thickness due to abrasion.

On the other hand, the developer is agitated in the developing device so that the toner is transferred from the developing device to the photoconductor by utilizing an electric field, but an appropriate amount of toner is developed to obtain a sufficient image density. It is designed to have a predetermined charge amount.

However, this charge amount is apt to change due to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, which often changes the image density and deteriorates the image quality. For the purpose of stabilizing this, a developer is widely used as a two-component developer composed of a carrier and a toner. In this case, the charge amount of the toner is determined by the frictional charge with the carrier, so that it is less susceptible to the influence of the environment and the like, and therefore, the image quality can be stabilized. On the other hand, the developer scrapes the photoconductor when passing through the gap between the developing sleeve and the photoconductor,
This rubbing force tends to be larger in the two-component developer than in the one-component developer, and thus when the two-component developer is used, the abrasion of the photoreceptor due to the rubbing of the developer is often a problem. .

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide high sensitivity, high mechanical durability of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and less wear of the photoreceptor even when a two-component developer is used,
An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method which is excellent in image stability and which uses a photoconductor with little deterioration in image quality and sensitivity.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method for forming a toner image by contacting a developer consisting of a carrier and a toner on a photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate resin having the following structure on the outermost surface layer. In, bulk specific gravity 2-3
g / cm ³ , using a carrier having a weight average particle size of 40 to 100 μm,
This is achieved by an image forming method in which an image is formed with a ratio of the linear velocity of the developing sleeve to the linear velocity of the photosensitive member of 1.1 to 2.5.

Here, the polycarbonate resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more. this is,
This is because the polycarbonate resin has a large friction when the weight average molecular weight is 100,000 or less, and this point is considerably improved by using the resin having the weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more. The weight average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography, using Tosoh Corporation.
It was performed using HLC-8020 manufactured by the company. Further, it is desirable that the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a so-called function separation type photosensitive layer in which a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer are sequentially laminated on a conductive substrate.

[0017]

[Chemical 2]

[In the formula, R ₁ and R ₂ are hydrogen atoms and have 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
6 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a C _{4 to} C ₁₀ cyclic hydrocarbon ring residue formed by R ₁ and R ₂ . R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , and R ₆ are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a C _{4 to} C ₁₀ group. Represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group. l, m, p, and q are integers of 1 to 4. In the present invention, by containing the polymer represented by the general formula in the charge-transporting layer, it is excellent in electrophotographic properties such as charge retention, sensitivity, residual potential, etc., and wear of the film thickness is small even when repeatedly used. An electrophotographic photosensitive member exhibiting stable characteristics can be obtained. Next, typical representative examples of the structures represented by the general formulas (B ₁ ) and (B ₂ ) are as follows.

[0019]

[Chemical 3]

[0020]

[Chemical 4]

[0021]

[Chemical 5]

[0022]

[Chemical 6]

[0023]

[Chemical 7]

[0024]

[Chemical 8]

Examples of the copolymer compound having both the structures described above include the following, but the present invention is of course not limited thereto.

[0026]

[Chemical 9]

The ratio of x and y (copolymer ratio) of the copolymer compound described in the chemical formula 9 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 95: 5 to 50:50. When the ratio of y is 50% or more, the sensitivity and mechanical strength decrease, so y
The ratio is preferably 50% or less.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the outline of the configuration of the image forming apparatus of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 10 is a photosensitive drum made of (-) charged OPC which is an image forming body which rotates in the direction of the arrow (clockwise), and a charging device 2 which will be described later is provided on the peripheral portion thereof.
0, the exposure unit on which the image light L from the exposure device is incident, the developing device 3
0, a transfer roller 13, a cleaning device 50 and the like are provided.

The basic operation of the copy process of this embodiment is as follows.
When a copy start command is sent from an operation unit (not shown) to a control unit (not shown), the control unit controls the photosensitive drum.
10 starts rotating in the direction of the arrow. As the photosensitive drum 10 rotates, the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10 is uniformly charged by a charging device 20 described later and passes through. An image is written on the photoconductor drum 10 by the image light L of, for example, a laser beam from an image writing device or the like, and an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the image is formed.

There is a two-component developer in the developing device 30, which is agitated by the agitating screws 33A and 33B, and then adhered to the outer periphery of the rotating developing sleeve 31 outside the magnet roller 32 to remove the developer. A magnetic brush 34 is formed, a predetermined bias voltage is applied to the developing sleeve 31, and development is performed in the developing area facing the photoconductor drum 10.

In the present invention, when the linear velocity of the developing sleeve and the linear velocity ratio of the photosensitive member are both rotating in the so-called rolling direction (forward rotation), the velocity on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is exposed. It is the value divided by the speed at the outer peripheral surface of the body.

The recording paper P is fed from the paper feed cassette 40 one by one by the first paper feed roller 41. The fed recording paper P is sent onto the photosensitive drum 10 by the second paper feed roller 42 which operates in synchronization with the toner image on the photosensitive drum 10. Then, by the action of the transfer roller 13, the toner image on the photoconductor drum 10 is transferred onto the recording paper P and separated from the photoconductor drum 10. The recording paper P on which the toner image has been transferred is sent to a fixing device (not shown) via the conveying means 80, is nipped by a heat fixing roller and a pressure bonding roller, melted and fixed, and then discharged outside the apparatus. Recording paper P
The surface of the photoconductor drum 10 that has toner remaining without being transferred to the surface and is rotated is scraped off and cleaned by a cleaning device 50 having a blade 51 and the like, and waits for the next recording.

Further, the developing device 30 and the photosensitive drum 10 shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion adjacent to each other. During development, the photoconductor constantly rotates while repeatedly contacting or colliding with the carrier particles 35, and it is desirable for durability of the photoconductor that the ratio between the linear velocity of the developing sleeve and the linear velocity of the photoconductor is not so different. However, if the difference is too small, the developability is lowered and uneven development is caused.

The influence on the photoconductor is very different depending on the size of the carrier and the bulk specific gravity, and it is desirable that both the carrier diameter and the bulk specific gravity are small in view of only the strength of the rubbing force on the surface of the photoconductor. However, considering the developability as well, the carrier bulk specific gravity as described above is 2 to ³ g / cm ³ , the weight average particle diameter is 40 to 100 μm, the ratio of the developing sleeve linear velocity to the photoconductor linear velocity.
It was found that the range of 1.1 to 2.5 is appropriate.

The bulk specific gravity in the present invention is JIS-2504.
The value measured by a bulk specific gravity measuring instrument is used.

[0036]

[Action]

<Construction of Carrier> The carrier according to the present invention is most preferably a resin-coated carrier in which a resin coating layer is formed on the surface of core material particles.

The core particles of the carrier are preferably those having a compound structure with other metal atoms such as ferrite and magnetite rather than iron alone. Here, ferrite is a general term for magnetic oxides containing iron, and MO · Fe ₂ O
It is not limited to the spinel type ferrite represented by the chemical formula of ₃ . In the above chemical formula, M represents a divalent metal, specifically nickel, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, lithium or the like.

The size of the core material particles is preferably in the range of 40 to 100 μm in weight average particle diameter in consideration of the triboelectric charge imparting property to the toner and the carrier adhesion to the photosensitive member. The weight average particle diameter of the carrier is a value measured by a dry method using "Microtrac (TYPE 7981-OX)" manufactured by LEEDS & NORTHRUUP.

On the other hand, the resin coating layer is formed on the surface of the core particles by, for example, a dry method using fine resin particles.

<Material for Resin for Covering Layer> The resin for carrier coating layer used in the present invention is prepared by homopolymerization or copolymerization of acrylic acid ester-based or methacrylic acid ester-based monomers.

Typical examples thereof include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, Hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid-2-
Ethylhexyl, β-ethyl ethyl acrylate, γ-
Aminopropyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate,
Examples thereof include dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.

Examples of the styrenic monomer copolymerizable with any of these include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene and p-phenylstyrene. -Chlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-
Butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, pn-octyl styrene, pn-nonyl styrene, pn-decyl styrene,
Examples thereof include pn-dodecylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene and 3,4-dichlorostyrene.

<Binders that may be Used Together> Examples of binders that may be used in combination with the polycarbonate of the present invention include the following.

(1) Polyester (2) Methacrylic resin (3) Acrylic resin (4) Polyvinyl chloride (5) Polyvinylidene chloride (6) Polystyrene (7) Polyvinyl acetate (8) Styrene copolymer resin (for example, styrene- Butadiene copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, etc.) (9) Acrylonitrile-based copolymer resin (for example, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc.) (10) Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (11) Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer (12) Silicone resin (13) Silicone-alkyd resin (14) Phenolic resin (for example, phenol-formaldehyde resin, cresol-formaldehyde resin,
Etc.) (15) Styrene-alkyd resin (16) Poly-N-vinylcarbazole (17) Polyvinyl butyral (18) Polyvinyl formal (19) Polyhydroxystyrene These binders may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds. It can be used in combination with the polycarbonate according to the invention.

<Charge Generating Material> In the photoconductor of the present invention, a pigment as shown in the following representative examples is used as the charge generating material (CGM).

(1) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, triazo pigments and metal complex salt azo pigments (2) Perylene pigments such as perylene anhydrides, perylene imides (3) Anthraquinone derivatives, anthanthrone derivatives, dibenz Polycyclic quinone pigments such as pyrenequinone derivatives, pyranthrone derivatives, violanthrone derivatives and isobiolanthrone derivatives (4) Indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives (5) Phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine The charge generating substance preferably used in the present invention is described in
Polycyclic quinone pigments described in 59-184353, more preferably dibromoanthanthrone pigment, or JP-A 2-20877.
Bisazo pigments, more preferably fluorenone type bisazo pigments represented by the general formula [III], halogen-substituted perylene pigments described in JP-B-3-26384, JP-A-62-54267. Asymmetric perylene pigments described in JP-A Nos. 54-126036, 58-152247, and 59-319.
The perylene pigments described in Nos. 57, 2-251858, 4-62560 and 5-6014, and the bisimidazopyridonoperylene pigments described in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-279764 are preferable.

Further, α-type titanyl phthalocyanine described in JP-A-61-239248, β-type titanyl phthalocyanine described in JP-A-62-67094, C-type titanyl phthalocyanine described in JP-A-63-366, and JP-A-2-309362. I-type titanyl phthalocyanine described in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-173640 is more preferable.

<Charge Transport Material> The charge transport material (CTM) usable in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, and the like. Imidazolone derivative, imidazolidine derivative, bisimidazolidine derivative, styryl compound, hydrazone compound, pyrazoline derivative, amine derivative, oxazolone derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzimidazole derivative, quinazoline derivative, benzofuran derivative, acridine derivative, phenazine derivative, aminostilbene derivative , Poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-1-pyralpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene and the like.

As the CTM used in the present invention, those having excellent transporting ability of holes generated upon irradiation with light, and those suitable for combination with the organic pigment used in the present invention are preferable.

<Dispersion Medium of Organic Pigment> As the dispersion medium of the organic pigment used in the present invention, for example, hydrocarbons such as hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2- Dichloroethane, syn-tetrachloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, chloroform, bromoform, chlorobenzene Halogenated hydrocarbons such as, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ketones such as cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, esters such as butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, heptanol, ethylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetic acid Alcohols such as cellosolve and its derivatives, tetra Dorofuran, 1,4
Ethers such as dioxane, furan and furfural, acetals, pyridine and butylamine, diethylamine,
In addition to nitrogen compounds such as amines such as ethylenediamine and isoprepanolamine, and amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, fatty acids and phenols, sulfur such as carbon disulfide and triethyl phosphate, phosphorus compounds and the like can be mentioned.

In the present invention, the photosensitive layer may contain one or more electron-accepting substances for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential to reducing fatigue during repeated use.

Examples of the electron-accepting substance that can be used here include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromomaleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, and 3-nitrophthalic anhydride. Acid, 4-nitrophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride,
Mellitic anhydride, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, o-dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, paranitrobenzonitrile, picryl chloride, quinone chlorimide, chloranil, bulmannyl, Dichlorodicyanoparabenzoquinone, anthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, 2,7-dinitrofluorenone, 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone,
2,4,5,7-Tetranitrofluorenone, 9-fluorenylidene (dicyanomethylene malonodinitrile), polynitro-9
-Fluorenylidene- (dicyanomethylene malonodinitrile), picric acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pentafluorobenzoic acid,
Examples include 5-nitrosalicylic acid, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, phthalic acid, mellitic acid, and other compounds having a high electron affinity. The addition ratio of the electron-accepting substance is 100: 0.01 to 200, preferably 100: 0.1 to 100, by weight, organic pigment used in the present invention: electron-accepting substance.

Further, organic amines may be added to the photosensitive layer of the present invention for the purpose of improving the charge generating function of CGM, and it is particularly preferable to add a secondary amine. These compounds are described in JP-A-59-218447 and JP-A-62-8160.

In addition, the photoreceptor of the present invention may further contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer, if necessary, and may also contain a dye for correcting color sensitivity.

Further, the intermediate layer functions as an adhesive layer or a blocking layer, and in addition to the binder resin, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose,
Carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, casein, polyamide, N-alkoxymethylated nylon, starch and the like are used.

<Layer Construction of Photoreceptor> The following are mainly used as the electroconductive support used in the construction of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, but the electroconductive support is not limited thereto.

1) A metal plate such as an aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate 2) A metal thin layer of aluminum, palladium, gold or the like provided on a support such as paper or a plastic film by laminating or vapor deposition 3) Paper or Is a layer of a conductive compound such as a conductive polymer, indium oxide or tin oxide, which is applied or vapor-deposited on a support such as a plastic film.

The carrier generation layer (CGL) can be prepared by a known method. That is, (1) vacuum deposition method (2) method of applying a solution of carrier generating substance (CGM) dissolved in a suitable solvent (3) making CGM into fine particles in a dispersion medium by a ball mill, sand grinder, etc. Accordingly, a method of applying a dispersion obtained by mixing and dispersing with a binder.

Specifically, vacuum deposition, sputtering,
A vapor deposition method such as CVD or a coating method such as dipping, spraying, blade, or roll method may be used.

The thickness of the carrier generation layer (CGL) thus formed is preferably 0.01 μm to 5 μm, more preferably 0.05 μm to 3 μm.

The thickness of the carrier transport layer (CTL) is
The thickness can be changed if necessary, but is usually preferably 5 μm to 60 μm. The composition ratio in this CTL is the binder with respect to 1 part by weight of the carrier transport material (CTM) of the present invention.
0.1 to 5 parts by weight is preferable, but fine particle CG
When the photosensitive layer in which M is dispersed is formed, it is preferable to use the binder in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less with respect to 1 part by weight of CGM.

[0062]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[(1) Preparation of Photoreceptor] Photoreceptor Polyamide resin CM-8000 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 30 g was put in a mixed solvent of methanol 900 ml and 1-butanol 100 ml.
It melt | dissolved by heating at 50 degreeC. After cooling to room temperature, this solution was used to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm on an aluminum drum having an outer diameter of 80 mm and a length of 355.5 mm by dip coating.

Next, 5 g of polyvinyl butyral resin S-REC BX-1 (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to MEK.
Dissolve in 1000 ml of (methyl ethyl ketone), and
After mixing 10 g of the compound G described in "0", the mixture was dispersed for 20 hours using a sand mill. Using this solution, a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed by dip coating on the intermediate layer.

200 g of the compound T described in "Chemical Formula 10" and 200 g of the binder polymer B-1 according to the present invention were dissolved in 1000 ml of dichloromethane (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) to form a solution on the charge generation layer. A charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm was formed by dip coating.

Finally, it was heated and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a photoreceptor in which an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were sequentially laminated.

[0067]

[Chemical 10]

Photoreceptor A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer was changed to bisphenol Z type polycarbonate.

Photoreceptor A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer was changed to bisphenol A type polycarbonate.

[(2) Evaluation] Photoreceptor to Konica Corporation
It was mounted on U-BIX 4155 manufactured by U-BIX 4155, and a 100,000-copy actual copying test was conducted by changing the developer and developing conditions as shown in Table 1 below. The evaluation was performed based on the presence / absence of an image defect during actual shooting, the amount of change in surface potential before and after actual shooting, and the amount of film thickness loss. Where Vb
Is the potential corresponding to the black part of the document reflection density 1.3,
Vw represents the electric potential corresponding to the white portion having the document reflection density of 0.00.

[0071]

[Table 1]

As can be seen from the table, the image forming method of the present invention is
It has the advantage that good images can be obtained even when 100,000 copies are used.

[0073]

According to the present invention, high sensitivity and high mechanical durability of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, less wear of the photosensitive member even when a two-component developer is used, deterioration of image quality and deterioration of sensitivity An image forming method using a small number of photoreceptors and excellent in image stability has been provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Photoreceptor Drum 20 Charging Device 30 Developing Device 31 Developing Sleeve 40 Paper Feed Cassette 50 Cleaning Device

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location G03G 9/107 9/113 G03G 9/10 351

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An image forming method of forming a toner image by contacting a developer comprising a carrier and a toner on a photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate resin having the following structure as an outermost surface layer, and having a bulk specific gravity of 2 to ³ g / cm ^3. , Weight average particle size 40-100μ
An image forming method in which an image is formed by using a carrier of m and a linear velocity of a developing sleeve and a linear velocity of a photosensitive member being 1.1 to 2.5. [Chemical 1] [Wherein R ₁ and R ₂ are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a C _{4 to} C ₁₀ group formed by R ₁ and R ₂ Represents a cyclic hydrocarbon ring residue. R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , and R ₆ are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a C _{4 to} C ₁₀ group. Represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group. l, m, p, and q are integers of 1 to 4. ] 2. The polycarbonate resin has a weight average molecular weight.
The image forming method according to claim 1, which is 100,000 or more.