JPH0710265B2 - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a surgical microscope.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, so-called microsurgery, which performs fine surgery while magnifying and observing under a microscope, has become popular, and according to this, fine surgery can be performed accurately, so that ophthalmology and neurosurgery can be performed. , Has achieved great results in each field including otolaryngology.

In microsurgery as well as other surgery, it is necessary to take pictures of the surgical site and technique for education and research, but since it is magnified photography through a surgical microscope, the amount of light is inadequate. Therefore, an Xe flash lamp (strobe) is often used as an auxiliary light source for photographing, and various strobe devices for surgical microscopes have been devised. The most common method is to mount an Xe flash lamp near the lens barrel of a surgical microscope, which is shown in FIG. That is, reference numeral 1 is an objective lens barrel of a surgical microscope, in which an illuminating illumination optical system for observation, an observing optical system, and their driving devices (not shown) are incorporated. Then, the light from the operating part which has entered the objective lens barrel 1 is split by a beam splitter (not shown) also incorporated in the objective lens barrel 1, one of them proceeds to the photographing device 4 and is photographed, and the other one is an eyepiece lens 2 Then, the operation is performed by observing with the operator's eye 3, and the operation is performed in such a state. Reference numeral 7 indicated by a broken line schematically shows an operated eye to be operated in the field of ophthalmology, and in such an ophthalmic operation of the eye, harmful reflected light from the cornea or the like is transmitted through the objective lens barrel 1. In order not to enter the photographing device 4, the illuminating device 5 has an optical axis B of its illuminating light flux which is substantially 45 ° with the optical axis A of the observation optical system of the objective lens barrel 1 so that the objective lens barrel 1 is illuminated obliquely. Mounted on. The oblique illumination device 5 has a xenon flash tube 5a as a light source for illumination and a lens 5b for converging and illuminating the light emitted from the xenon flash tube 5a, and illuminates the surgical site.

When the oblique illumination device 5 as described above is used to illuminate a surgically affected area having a narrow opening and a deep opening, such as an operation recess 8a of an otolaryngology or a neurosurgery shown by a solid line, the illumination light is illuminated obliquely. Therefore, the surgery affected area 8a could not be reached and the lighting effect was not exhibited. In order to solve this, conventionally, the direct illumination device 6 is attached to the objective lens barrel 1 in the immediate vicinity of the objective lens 9 so that the brain surgery affected area 8a thereunder can be illuminated. The xenon tube 6a and the illumination objective lens 6b for converging and illuminating the light are used to illuminate the affected area 8a through the craniotomy of the skull 8.

However, even when using the direct lighting device 6,
The illuminating part must be extended near the optical axis A of the objective lens, which obstructs the observation visual field of the surgically affected part. Further, there is a limit to bringing the illumination unit close to the optical axis A, and even with this direct type illumination device, the illumination is somewhat oblique, and illumination of a deep surgery affected part cannot avoid uneven illumination.

Further, both the oblique illumination device and the direct illumination device are attached to the outside of the objective lens barrel, and thus obstruct the operation space of the operator at the time of operation. Even so, the objective microscope barrel of the surgical microscope is equipped with an assistant microscope and other surgical machines and instruments, so the operating space is small, and it is more convenient to attach the illuminating device for photography to the objective barrel. The operation space was further narrowed, which obstructed the operation of the operator.

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, for example,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-31691 discloses a device as shown in FIG. That is, the lens barrel 12 is coupled and held to the microscope mount arm (not shown) by the support arm 11.
Depending on the type of surgery or the depth of the surgically affected area,
A convertible objective lens 22 is provided to change its focal length. Further, in the lens barrel 12, there is a light guide 18 made of an optical fiber for supplying observation illumination light that continues to illuminate a surgically affected area during surgery, and the illumination light emitted from this light guide 18 passes through an objective lens 22. , Is focused and illuminates the affected area. The reflected light from the surgically-affected part passes through the objective lens 22 again, and enters the beam splitter 14 through the variable power optical system 19 of the Galileo binocular microscope optical system. The light incident on the beam splitter 14 is reflected by the reflective / transmissive surface 14b and reflected by the reflective surface 14a, and is imaged on the film 13b by the imaging lens 13a of the photographic device 13 and is photographed. Further, the light transmitted through the reflection / transmission surface 14b of the beam splitter 14 is reflected by the reflection surface 14c, is reflected by the reflection surface 15a of the reflection optical member 15 of the eyepiece, and is reflected by the reflection surface 1 of the other reflection optical member 16.
Reflected by 6a, the operator is made to observe the affected area through the eyepiece lens system 17.

Further, the lens barrel 12 includes a driving device 20 for the variable power optical system 19 and an objective lens 22.
A lighting device 21 for taking photographs is built in the open space of the.
The lighting device 21 for photography has a socket 21a and a lamp house 21c.
The lamp house 21c also has a xenon lamp 21d, and the lamp house 21c has a socket 21 with a plug 21b.
The electric power for triggering and the electric power for lighting are supplied from this socket 21a through the plug 21b.

The light-shielding plate 23 is a variable-magnification optical system in which the light from the xenon lamp 21 is changed.
In order to prevent harmful light from being incident on 19, it is provided between the photographic lighting device 21 and the variable power optical system 19.

Further, in a fundus camera or the like, in order to align the observation illumination optical axis with the photography illumination optical axis, the Xe lamp is arranged at a position optically conjugate with the observation light source lamp in the observation illumination optical system. Is proposed. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the filament image of the observation light source lamp 34 is illuminated by the illumination optical system.
It is an apparatus for forming an image on the center of the Xe lamp 33 by 36a and illuminating the operative field by the illumination optical system 36b and the objective lens 32. Incidentally, 31 is a lens barrel, and 35 is a variable power optical system.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the device described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-31691, only the objective lens 22 is used as a means for collecting the light emitted from the xenon lamp 21d, and the luminous flux emitted from the xenon lamp 21d is divergent, and Since the focal length of the objective lens 22 of the Xe lamp 21d is 150 to 300 mm, the Xe lamp 21d is placed in the vicinity of the objective lens 22 of about 10 mm, so that the illumination field spreads much larger than the shooting range, and the shooting is performed. The amount of light reaching the range is only a few percent of the total amount of light from the Xe lamp 21d. Further, the longer the focal length of the objective lens 22, the wider the illumination field and the lower the illuminance. At the same time, however, the longer the focal length of the objective lens 22, the smaller the numerical aperture of the observation optical system. Objective lens 22
It becomes very small when the focal length of is long. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient amount of light for photography, the Xe lamp 21d is required to have a light emission energy of several hundreds of joules. However, there was a problem that the mirror body with the built-in Xe lamp 21d was also enlarged. In addition, Xe lamp 21 for easier shooting
When attempting to automatically control d, the electric power to be supplied to the Xe lamp 21d becomes very large, and in addition, in the surgical microscope, the distance from the objective lens to the surgically affected area, that is, the working distance greatly differs depending on the surgical site, and Since the observation magnification also needs to be largely changed according to the purpose, extremely high dimming accuracy is required, and there is a problem that it is practically difficult to realize such a dimming circuit. In addition, because the Xe lamp and the illumination light for observation have different optical axes, in deep surgery through a narrow opening, the illumination light for observation reaches the affected part of the surgery, but the light from the Xe lamp cannot pass through the opening and photography is not possible. It has also been pointed out that there is a problem.

Further, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 6, the observation illumination light and the Xe lamp light are completely coaxial, and the light emitted from the Xe lamp 33 is emitted by the illumination optical system 36.
Since the light is condensed by b, the efficiency of the Xe lamp light is dramatically improved compared to the device described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-31691, but when the luminous flux of the light source lamp 34 passes through the Xe lamp 33, the Xe lamp There was a problem that the amount of light was not lost due to surface reflection of No. 33 and the amount of light for normal observation was insufficient.

In view of the above problems, the present invention secures a normal observation light amount, has a sufficient light amount even with a small Xe lamp at the time of photography, and is a photography illumination that is completely coaxial with the observation illumination light. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical microscope which can obtain light, and can also have a power supply unit and a light control device which are small in size and inexpensive in construction by using a small Xe lamp, and which has high operability and safety.

[Means and Actions for Solving Problems]

The surgical microscope according to the present invention is a surgical microscope including an observation illumination optical system, an observation optical system, a photography illumination optical system, and a photography optical system. A light deflection means is arranged, and a portion of the observation illumination optical system closer to the object side than the light deflection means is made common with the photography illumination optical system, and the light deflection means is switched to switch between the two illumination optical systems. It is configured so that only one is selected so that the light from the light source for photography is once converged by the condenser lens system, and the illumination light for observation and the illumination light for photography are completely coaxial. In addition, the light from the illumination light source for observation is not blocked by the illumination light source for photography.

Further, with the above-mentioned configuration, it is not necessary to incorporate a light source for photography in the lens barrel portion, and thereby the lens barrel portion can be made thin.

Further, the switching drive unit of the light deflecting means is interlocked with the release unit of the photographing apparatus so that the photographing illumination optical system is automatically selected during photography, and the observation illumination optical system is automatically selected at other times. It was done.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the first embodiment. The surgically affected area 54 includes an objective lens 42, an observation variable magnification optical system 51, a beam splitter 50,
It is observed by an observation optical system including a prism 52 and an eyepiece lens 53. Here, the beam splitter 50 is provided to branch the photography optical path from the observation optical path, and branches the optical path to a photography optical system (not shown) having an optical axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The observation illumination optical system that illuminates the surgically affected area 54 includes a light source lamp 45, a condenser lens 46, and a flip-up mirror.
47, an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, an illumination prism 49, and an objective lens 42, and the light emitted from the lamp 45 illuminates the surgically affected area 54 via this observation illumination optical system. The variable-magnification optical system 48 is linked with the variable-magnification optical system 51, and has a function of illuminating a wide range at low magnification and a narrow range at high magnification with high illuminance according to the observation visual field. Further, at the time of taking a photograph, the flip-up mirror 47 is flipped up to a position 47 'shown by a dotted line by a solenoid or the like, and the illumination of the surgically affected area 44 uses a Xe flash lamp 43 as a light source, a condenser lens system 44, and an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, The illumination optical system for photography includes the illumination prism 49 and the objective lens 42. In this case, the lamp 45
The Xe flash lamp 43 and the Xe flash lamp 43 are arranged at an optically conjugate position, that is, a conjugate position with respect to the flip-up mirror 47. As described above, in the present embodiment, the illumination of the surgically affected area 54 is selected as either the illumination for observation or the illumination for photography by inserting / removing the flip-up mirror 47. The flip-up mirror 47 works in conjunction with the shutter release part of the camera (not shown), so that when the shutter button is pressed, the flip-up mirror 47 jumps up to the position 47 'shown by the dotted line and returns to the original position after a certain period of time. It has become.

With this configuration, since the photographic illumination passes through the condenser lens system 44, the light emitted from the Xe flash lamp 43 can be efficiently focused on the surgically affected area 54, and a large amount of light can be obtained with a small Xe flash lamp. . Further, since the illumination variable power optical system 48 narrows down the illumination field to increase the illuminance at high magnification, which requires a larger amount of light, the effect is further enhanced.
Also, an illumination variable power optical system 48, an illumination prism 49 and an objective lens 4
Since the illuminating light for photography is focused on the illumination field that almost coincides with the observation field by 2, the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 does not have sufficient illuminance when using an objective lens with a long focal length, which causes problems. It is very effective for easy observation at high magnification. That is, since the illuminance of the surgically affected area 54 is uniquely determined by the observation magnification regardless of the focal length of the objective lens 42, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the light amount reaching the film surface due to the observation magnification, and the automatic light adjustment is easy. Become. Furthermore, the illumination light for photography has the same optical axis as the illumination light for observation
Since 54 is illuminated, there is no discernible difference in shadow between the photographed image and the image viewed by the operator. Also, during normal observation, the lamp 45 focused by the condenser lens system 44
Since the total amount of light from the mirror reaches the surgically-affected part 54 by the flip-up mirror 47, there is no shortage of the amount of light as in the conventional example of FIG. Also, in the surgical microscope, the operability is not so much affected by the portion behind the lens barrel portion, but rather the thickness of the lens barrel is greatly affected. Since the lamp is not built in, the lens barrel can be made thinner than the conventional example shown in FIG. 5, and the operability is also improved. Furthermore, the portion 41a on the rear side of the dotted line 55 'in FIG.
If it is configured to be detachable with respect to 1, it is functional, as it can be removed if the lighting for photography is not needed.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The observation optical system is the same as that of the first embodiment, so the explanation is omitted. Surgery affected area 54
The illumination optical system for observation that illuminates the light source is composed of a light source lamp 45, a condenser lens system 46, an optical fiber 55, an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, an illumination prism 49, and an objective lens 42.
The light emitted from illuminates the surgically-affected part 54 via the observation illumination optical system. The concave lenses 56 and 57 are joined to the optical fiber 55 in order to widen the opening angle on the incident side and the opening angle on the emitting side, respectively, but omitted if the optical fiber itself has a sufficient opening angle. To be done. When taking a picture, the condenser lens system 46, the concave lens 56 and the optical fiber 5
Reference numeral 5 denotes a position 46 ', 56', 55 'indicated by a dotted line, that is, a Xe flash lamp 43, which is made of, for example, a piezo element or a shape memory alloy.
Is bent to a position that points to the
The illumination is a photography illumination including a condenser lens system 46, an optical fiber 55, an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, an illumination prism 49, and an objective lens 42 using the Xe flash lamp 43 as a light source. Also in this case, it goes without saying that the lamp 45 and the Xe flash lamp 43 are arranged at optically conjugate positions, as in the first embodiment. As described above, in the present embodiment, the illumination of the surgically affected area 54 is selected as either the illumination for observation or the illumination for photography by bending the optical fiber 55 and directing the optical system to the lamp 45 or the Xe flash lamp 43. Thus, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

Next, FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The observation optical system is the same as that of the first embodiment, so the explanation is omitted. Surgery affected area
The observation illumination optical system for illuminating 54 is composed of a light source lamp 45, a condenser lens system 46, a wedge prism 58, an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, an illumination prism 49, and an objective lens 42.
The light emitted from illuminates the surgically-affected part 54 via the observation illumination optical system. At the time of photographing, the wedge prism 58 is rotated by 180 ° about the optical axis connecting the wedge prism 58 and the illumination prism 49 by a rotary solenoid or the like to change the refraction direction on the paper surface.
As a result, the illumination of the surgically affected area 54 is a photography illumination including a condenser lens system 44, a wedge prism 58, an illumination variable magnification optical system 48, an illumination prism 49 and an objective lens 42 using the Xe flash lamp 43 as a light source. Become. Also in this case, it goes without saying that the lamp 45 and the Xe flash lamp 43 are arranged at optically conjugate positions, as in the first embodiment. As described above, in the present embodiment, the illumination of the surgically affected area 54 is selected as either the illumination for observation or the illumination for photography by changing the arrangement direction of the wedge prism 58 to change the refraction direction. The same effect can be obtained as in the first embodiment.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the surgical microscope according to the present invention obtains a large amount of illumination light for photography without damaging the amount of illumination light for observation, by using the Xe flash lamp 43 of a low power level comparable to that of a normal camera strobe. It is possible to reduce the size and power consumption of the surgical microscope. Further, since the illumination light for observation and the illumination light for photography are completely coaxial, photography is possible even in surgery through a narrow opening. Also, when controlling the light control of the illumination device for photography, since the electric power is small, a small light control device used for a normal strobe for a camera may be used, so that it can be easily and inexpensively realized. Furthermore, the lens barrel can be made thinner, and as a result, operability is improved, so that surgery can be performed easily, and safety for the patient is also improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical system of a first embodiment of a surgical microscope according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing optical systems of a second and a third embodiment, respectively, and FIGS. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an optical system of each conventional example. 41 ... Mirror, 42 ... Objective lens, 43 ... Xe lamp, 44 ...
… Condenser lens system, 45 …… Light source lamp, 46 …… Condenser lens system, 47 …… Splashing mirror, 48 …… Illumination variable magnification optical system, 49
...... Illumination prism, 50 …… Beam splitter, 51 ……
Observation variable power optical system, 52 …… Prism, 53 …… Eyepiece,
54 …… Surgery affected area, 55 …… Optical fiber, 56,57 …… Concave lens, 58 …… Wedge prism.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An illuminating optical system for observation, an observing optical system, an illuminating optical system for photographing, and a photographic optical system, and directional light deflecting means is arranged in the illuminating optical system for observation. At the same time, the portion of the observation illumination optical system closer to the object side than the light deflection means is made common with the photography illumination optical system, and only one of the two illumination optical systems is selected by switching the light deflection means. In the surgical microscope configured as described above, a variable power optical system is provided in each of the common portion of the illumination optical systems and the common portion of the observation optical system and the photography optical system, and the variable power optical systems are linked. A surgical microscope characterized by. 2. The surgical operation according to claim 1, wherein the light source of the observation illumination optical system and the light source of the photography illumination optical system are arranged at optically conjugate positions. microscope. 3. A switching drive unit of the light deflecting means is interlocked with a release unit of the photographic device, and the illuminating optical system for photographing is automatically selected at the time of photographing, and the illuminating optical system for observation is automatically selected at other times. The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surgical microscope has the above-mentioned configuration. 4. The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a portion closer to the light source than the light deflection means of the illumination optical system for photography is detachable from the mirror body. The surgical microscope described.