JPH0692285B2 - Nematode control material - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a nematode control material that can suppress nematode damage to plants by applying it to soil contaminated with nematodes.

[Technical Background and Description of Prior Art]

Various damages occur due to continuous crop production, but nematode damage is no exception, which provides an environment suitable for survival and reproduction of plant parasitic nematodes, and causes great damage to crops. Moreover, nematode damage causes a complex disease with soil disease, and it is difficult to completely control it.

Until now, nematicides have been the main control measures, but the nematode density revival phenomenon and the emergence of drug-resistant nematodes rapidly after nematicide application, and above all, environmental pollution and the impact on humans and animals are important. Seen, DBCP agents can no longer be used. Against this background, the need for ecological control is increasing. [Tsutomu Nishizawa: Plant Protection Vol. 38, No. 3 (1984)] So far, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Arthrobotrys robusta, Dactylella lobata have been found in the soil. , Dactylella ellipsospora, Dactylaria
Dactylaria candia, Monacrosporium ellipsospor
um), Arthrobotrys
haptotyla), Arthrobo
trys robusta), Arthrobotrys irregularis, Arthrobotrys conoides, Dactilera
Dactylella lobata, Dactylella cionopaga, Dactylella oviparasitica, Dactylella bembicodes, Stylopage grandis spp.
phthora gynophila), Verticillium chlamydosporium, Phoma macrostoma, Paecilomyces liliacinu
s), Verticillium
lamellicola), Verticillium leptobactrum, Phoma multirostrata, Catenaria auxiliaris, Harposporium anguill
ulae), Acros tarragums ovobaitas (Acrostal)
agamus obovatus), Protascus subuliformis, Myzocytium vermicolum, Haptogrossa
It is known that there are nematode endophytes such as Haptoglossa heterospora. [GC Ainsworth and others: The Hung Jai, Academic
Press (GCAinsworth, et al. THE FUNGI ACADEMIC PRES
S) (1968)] (Tamio Yokoo: Story of nematodes, Japan Forestry Technology Association) (Tsutomu Nishizawa: Plant Protection Vol.38, No.3 (1984)
The above-mentioned formation of the trapping organs of C. elegans is promoted by valine. (Yasuhiro Mitsui: Chemistry and Biology, Vol. 13, No. 9) Also, application of sawdust, benzoic acid, phenylbutyric acid, phenylacetic acid, and dynamic acid to soil reduces nematode egg production. However, it is known to suppress the motility of larvae. [Ke Sittala Meier et al .: Plant and
Soil (K.SITARAMAIAH et al.:Plant and soil) 50, 67
1-679 (1978)] In addition, it is known that acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, phenol, and volatile gases, which are decomposition products of organic matter application, suppress nematodes. .
[Thai Server Dora, etc .: Revene Mator (TAYSIR BAD
RA et al .: Revue Nematol) Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 29-36 (1979)] Also, the outermost layer of the body skin of nematodes, the keratin, is a fiber composed of keratin, a skin layer composed of a fat layer and collagen. It is composed of layers. (Tamio Yokoo: Story of nematodes, Japan Forestry Technology Association) Also, the eggshells of nematodes are made of chitin.
The cyst wall of cyst nematodes is made of collagen. (Minoru Ichinohe: Plant Protection Vol. 38 No. 3 (1984)) [Eizo Kondo: Plant Protection Vol. 38 No. 3 (1984)] The present inventor has studied nematode damage control based on the above facts. Continued collagen, keratin, chitin, phenols, amino acids such as valine, or raw bone meal containing these substances,
Applying glue, gelatin, skin powder, horns, feather meal, hair powder, cypress, sawdust, etc., increases the number of microorganisms that decompose the skin, eggshell, and cysts of nematodes, and the number of nematodes decreases. It was found that the number of nematodes decreased. In addition, the above materials and Arthrobotrys oligospora, Monacrosporum ellipsosporu
m), Dactylella ovika
nematodes, such as iparasitica, Verticillium chlamydospori
um), Phoma macrostoma, and other nematode endophytes are mixed and applied, and the number of nematodes is reduced, and nematode damage to plants is reduced. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

[Purpose of Invention and Summary of Invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a plant nematode suppressing material that can prevent the occurrence of continuous cropping damage and plant nematode damage, and another object of the present invention is to continuously crop agricultural crops that cannot be serially cropped. It is to provide the materials that enable it.

The present invention is a nematode-suppressing material characterized by containing collagen and / or keratin as an active ingredient, or collagen and / or keratin, and any selected from chitin, phenols, and valine. It is a nematode control material characterized by containing as a component.

These materials and Arthrobotris oligospora (Arth
robotrys oligospora), Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, Dactylella oviparasiti
ca), Verticillium Chlamyd Sporium (Ve
rticillium chlamydosporium), Phoma macrostoma, and viable cells or spores of a microorganism selected from the group consisting of these mixed bacteria.

Also, adsorb the viable cells or spores of these microorganisms to a material selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, charcoal powder and mixtures thereof, and mix it with the material. You can also

Further, these materials can be a mixture with a fertilizer used for cultivation of agricultural products.

[Specific Description of the Invention]

The present invention is a nematode-suppressing material containing collagen and / or keratin as active ingredients. Collagen and keratin contained in the material of the present invention are components of nematode body skin, and collagen is also a component of cyst wall. When these substances are added to the soil, microorganisms that decompose the skin and cyst wall of nematodes grow in the soil, and the number of nematodes can be reduced. As collagen and keratin, purified ones may be used, but from the viewpoint of cost, collagen is raw bone powder, glue, gelatin,
Keratin, such as skin powder, horns, feather meal,
It is preferable to use hair powder or the like.

As the active ingredient of the nematode control material, in addition to collagen and keratin, chitin, phenols and valine can be included. Chitin is a component of nematode eggshells, and when it is added to soil, microorganisms that decompose nematode eggshells proliferate and the number of nematodes can be reduced. As the chitin, purified one may be used, but it is preferable to use crab shell and the like from the viewpoint of cost. Phenols have the function of decreasing the egg production of nematodes and decreasing the number of nematodes. As the phenols, purified ones may be used, but sawdust and the like are preferably used from the viewpoint of cost. The phenols in the present invention are benzoic acid, phenylbutyric acid,
Refers to phenylacetic acid and cinnamic acid. Valine has a function of promoting the formation of the trapping organs of nematode-trapping fungi, and when it is added to the soil, the number of nematode traps increases and the number of nematodes can be reduced.

The nematode control material of the present invention includes Arthrobotrys oligospora and Monacrosporium ellipsosporu.
m), Dactylella ovika
iparasitica), Verticillium chlamydosporium, former
The spores or preculture of Macrostoma (Phoma macrostoma) are put into an appropriate liquid medium and aerobically cultivated at a temperature of 22 to 27 ° C to obtain a culture solution in which the number of cells of these microorganisms is increased. Nematode suppressing material characterized by containing collagen and / or keratin as an active ingredient, or collagen and / or keratin, and optionally selected from chitin, phenols and valine as an active ingredient It can also be obtained by mixing with a nematode control material characterized by containing and drying at a low temperature (preferably 30 ° C. or lower) at which microorganisms are not killed.

Mixing with microorganisms, montmorillonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, charcoal powder and the like once adsorbed the culture obtained by the culture, the adsorbed material, the collagen, keratin,
Chitin, phenols, amino acids such as valine, or raw bone powder containing these substances, glue, gelatin, skin powder, horns,
It can also be carried out by mixing with a material selected from the group consisting of feather meal, fluff, crab, sawdust, and mixtures thereof.

By applying this nematode control material, the generation of plant nematode damage is strongly suppressed by the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned effects and nematode-trapping fungi and nematode endoparasitic fungi.

The liquid medium used for culturing the microorganisms can be any one as long as each microorganism can grow and proliferate, but the liquid medium having the following composition can be used. Is preferably used.

Malt extract 20 g Peptone 1 g Sucrose 20 g Distilled water 1000 ml pH 6.5 The nematode control material of the present invention is generally applied to soil before sowing or transplanting of agricultural crops. In application, it is preferable to cultivate so that it mixes well with the soil forming the rhizosphere of agricultural crops, but if it is already planted, dig a groove or a hole so as not to root it, a nematode control material And apply soil.

The application amount of the nematode control material of the present invention does not have to be a fixed amount, but 100 Kg or more per 10 a is preferably applied.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to test examples that can replace the examples, but the present invention is not limited to these exemplifications.

Test Example 1 The state of occurrence of plant nematode damage due to materials applied to soil was investigated.

(1) Preparation of test sample Collagen, keratin, and chitin test sample (A) Collagen, keratin, and chitin were mixed at a ratio of 2: 2: 1 to prepare a test sample (A).

Gelatin, keratin, chitin, cinnamic acid (Cinnamic a
cid), valine test sample (B) Gelatin, keratin, chitin, cinnamic acid, valine 3: 3:
It was mixed at a ratio of 3: 0.5: 0.5 to obtain a test sample (B).

Test sample (C) of raw bone powder, horn horn, feather meal, crab moss, and sawdust (C) Raw bone meal, horn horn, feather meal, crab, and sawdust were mixed in equal amounts to give a test sample (C).

The test sample of collagen was designated as test sample (D).

The test sample of keratin was used as the test sample (E).

Test sample (F) prepared by mixing equal amounts of collagen and keratin
And

(2) Test method Setting test zone 3.6 kg of cucumber root-knot nematode disease-occurring soil is put in a 1 / 5000a Wagner pot, and the test sample (A) (total nitrogen:
13%), (B) (total nitrogen: 11%), (C) (total nitrogen: 6.5
%, Total phosphoric acid: 5.4%) (D) (total nitrogen: 15%), (E)
(Total nitrogen: 15%), (F) (Total nitrogen: 15%) 3g each, nitrogen ammonium, phosphoric acid, potassium to each 20Kg / 10a, ammonium deficiency (total nitrogen: 21%), Calcium superphosphate (total phosphoric acid: 17
%, Soluble phosphoric acid 14%) and potassium sulfate (total potassium: 51%, water-soluble potassium: 51%) were added and mixed well with soil to form a test section.

Setting of control group Ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%) 1.9 without adding the test sample
g, Calcium superphosphate (total phosphoric acid: 17%, soluble phosphoric acid: 14
%) 2.4 g and potassium sulfate (water-soluble potassium: 51%) 0.8 g were added, and the same manner as in the control was performed.

Test method The test was conducted in 10 replicates for each test and control group.

Two weeks after application of the fertilizer and the test sample, each wagner pot was sown with 10 cucumber seeds (pots of frost and shiraji cucumber) in each wagner pot, and two weeks after that, germination was investigated.
Thinning was performed leaving one pot for each, and cultivation was continued for another 43 days. After that, the survival strain rate, the growth of cucumber and the root-knot index in each Wagner pot were investigated, and the number of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in the soil was investigated.

(3) Test results The test results are shown in Table 1.

The above-ground fresh weight in Table 1 is an average per one including dead strains, and the root-knot index is an index determined by the following criteria.

0: No root gall.

1: It is rare if you pay attention.

2: There is a small amount throughout the root system.

3: Moderate throughout the root system.

4: Many are found throughout the root system.

5: Withered.

According to Table 1, the test plots to which the above test samples were applied had higher germination rate, 100% cucumber viable strain, lower root knot index, and better growth than the control plots. there were. The number of root-knot nematodes was also small.

Test Example 2 The state of occurrence of plant nematode damage due to a combination of a material applied to soil and a microorganism was investigated.

(1) Preparation of test sample (2-1) Microbial culture and adsorbate Arthrobotrys oligos
spora) (IFO 5939), Monacrosporium ellipsosporum (IFO 93)
37) Dactylella ovi
parasitica) (ATCC 38908), Verticillium chlamydosporium
(ATCC 16289), Forma macrostoma (Phoma macr
ostoma) (ATCC 24524) for each of the following liquid medium 100 ml each
And shake culture at 27 ° C for 120 hours,
100 ml of each culture was obtained.

Equally mix 10 ml of each of these cultures and use vermiculite.
In addition to 1 kg, they were mixed to obtain a microbial adsorbate.

(Composition of liquid medium) Malt extract 20g Peptone 1g Sucrose 20g Distilled water 1,000ml pH 6.5 (2-2) Test sample Collagen, keratin, chitin and microorganism test sample (A-1) Test sample of Test Example 1 (A ) And the adsorbed material of the microorganism were mixed in equal amounts to obtain a test sample (A-1).

Gelatin, keratin, chitin, cinnamic acid (Cinnamic a
cid), valine and microbial test sample (B-1) The test sample (B) of Test Example 1 and the microbial adsorbate were mixed in equal amounts to obtain a test sample (B-1).

Test sample (C-1) of raw bone meal, flakes, feather meal, crab, sawdust and microorganisms (C-1) An equal amount of the test sample (C) of Test Example 1 and the adsorbed material of the microorganisms are mixed to obtain a test sample (C-1) And

(2) Test method Setting test area 1 / 5000a Wagner pot with tomato root-knot nematode disease occurring soil
3.5Kg was added, and the test sample (A-1) of the above (1) (total nitrogen:
6.5%), test sample (B-1) (total nitrogen: 5.5%), test sample (C-1) (total nitrogen: 3.3%, total phosphoric acid: 2.7%), 6 g each, nitrogen, phosphoric acid , Potassium is 20 kg / 10a each, and the deficiency is ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%), superphosphate (total phosphoric acid: 17%).
%, Soluble phosphoric acid 14%) and potassium sulphate (total potassium: 51%, water-soluble potassium: 51%) were mixed well with the soil that was not supplemented to make a test group.

Setting of control group Ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%) 1.9 without adding the test sample
g, Calcium superphosphate (total phosphoric acid: 17%, soluble phosphoric acid: 14
%) 2.4 g and potassium sulfate (water-soluble potassium: 51%) 0.8 g were added, and the same manner as in the control was performed.

Test method The test was conducted in 10 replicates for each test and control group.

Two weeks after application of the fertilizer and test sample, 10 tomato (ponterosa) seeds / pot were sown in each Wagner pot, and two weeks after that, germination was investigated and then each pot 1
The remaining leaves were thinned out and cultivation was continued for 75 days. Then, the survival strain rate, tomato growth, and root-knot index in each Wagner pot were investigated, and the number of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita acrita) in soil was investigated.

(3) Test results The test results are shown in Table 2.

The above-ground fresh weight and root-knot index in Table 2 are numerical values obtained in the same manner as in Table 1.

According to Table 2, the test plots to which each of the above test samples was applied had a higher germination rate than the control plots, and the tomato surviving strains survived 100% compared with all the control strains and had root-knots. The index was low and the growth was good. The number of root-knot nematodes was also small.

Although the varieties of soil and plants used for the test were changed and the combination of materials and microorganisms was changed, the same test was conducted.
Similar results were obtained in both cases.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since it is possible to prevent the continuous crop failure of crops and the nematode damage of plants, even if crops that cannot be cropped continuously, the same crop and the host plant of the parasitic nematode are cultivated again in the same soil grown in the previous year. can do.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Arthro
botrys oligospora), Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, Dactylella oviparasitic
a), Vertichium Chlamyd Spolum (Ver
ticillium chlamydosporium), forma macrostoma, and a mixture of these bacteria, and contains live cells or spores of a microorganism and collagen and / or keratin as active ingredients. Nematode control material. 2. Arsrobotrys oligospora
botrys oligospora), Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, Dactylella oviparasitic
a), Vertichium Chlamyd Spolum (Ver
ticillium chlamydosporium), Phoma macrostoma, and viable cells or spores, collagen and / or keratin of a microorganism selected from the group consisting of these mixed bacteria, and chitin, phenols,
A nematode-suppressing material, which contains as an active ingredient any one selected from valine.