JPH0682608A - Optical element, and optical axis chaging element and projection type display device using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the optical element which can easily deflect the optical axis of incident light with high precision, and the optical axis changing element and projection type display device which use it. CONSTITUTION:This optical element is equipped with plural transparent substrates 102a and 102b which are arranged in a 1st medium at a specific interval along the optical axis and variable in the angle of the incidence surface to the optical axis mutually differently, a partition wall 104 which is provided between the transparent plates while surrounding the area sandwiched between the transparent plates 102a and 102b and can freely expand and contract in the array direction of the transparent plates, and a 2nd medium 103 which is charged in the area surrounded by the transparent plates 102a and 102b and partition wall 104 and has a different refractive index from that of the 1st medium. Further, the optical axis changing element is featured by the array of the optical elements along the optical axis. Furthermore, the projection type display device is provided with one or plural different shift elements on at least one of the incidence side and projection side of a projection lens.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical element for bending an optical axis of incident light, an optical axis changing element using the same, and a projection type display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, a projection type display device for enlarging and projecting an image displayed on a light valve onto a screen by a projection optical system has been actively developed. In particular, a projection type display device (hereinafter, referred to as a projector) using a transmissive active matrix type liquid crystal display panel (hereinafter, referred to as TFT / LCD) for a light valve is attracting attention,
This is characterized by excellent image quality such as color reproducibility and contrast, and the ability to easily obtain a powerful large screen.
A liquid crystal projector capable of DTV display has been realized.

FIG. 48 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a projector according to the prior art. In the figure, 1 is a light source, 2 is a filter for cutting infrared rays and ultraviolet rays generated from the light source 1, 3 is an optical filter, 4 is a condenser lens for enhancing the condensing property of the light source 1, 5 is a light valve, and 6 is a projection lens. , 7
Is the screen. In this projector, an image signal is input to the light valve 5 in the same manner as in a normal liquid crystal television to display an image, and the image displayed on the light valve 5 is projected and displayed on the screen 7 by the projection lens 6. Here, since the light valve 5 itself does not emit light, the irradiation light that is emitted from the rear light source 1 and transmitted through the light valve 5 enters the projection lens 6. In this projector, the light valve 5
Since the display image formed on the image is enlarged and projected by the projection lens 6, a large screen display is possible.

In order to further increase the resolution with such a projector configuration, it is necessary to dramatically increase the number of pixels by increasing the density of the pixels of the TFT / LCD or increasing the display area. It is necessary to reduce the wiring resistance of the LCD and to improve the driving capability of the TFT, but in this case, there arises a problem such as a decrease in manufacturing yield, which makes manufacturing difficult. In addition, it becomes difficult in terms of circuitry, such as ultra-high speed operation of the driver LSI that drives the LCD. Therefore, in order to achieve higher resolution than before, a projection optical system has been adopted in which projection images from a plurality of projectors are superposed on a screen so that pixels are filled with each other (for example, JP-A-64-35479). Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-281287
No.

FIG. 49 shows an example of this projection optical system. In FIG. 49, 11 and 12 are light sources, 21 and 22 are light sources 1.
Filters for cutting infrared rays and ultraviolet rays generated from 1 and 12, 31 and 32 are optical filters, 41 and 42 are condenser lenses, 51 and 52 are light valves, 61 and 62 are projection lenses, 7 is a screen, m1, m2 Is the optical axis of the projection lens (projector). As shown in FIG. 49,
The images of the light valves 51 and 52 are superimposed on the screen 7 to form one image. How to superimpose the images of the plurality of light valves 51 and 52 on such a projector will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 50 shows an example in which four images are superimposed. In FIG. 50, images A, B, C and D are schematic views of a TFT-LCD which is a light valve. One pixel includes an opening that transmits light and a light shield. Therefore, if the four images are shifted by about half a pixel and projected so that the opening overlaps with the light shielding part of another image, high-definition projection display with twice the vertical and horizontal becomes possible.

[0007]

In order to obtain the maximum resolution by superimposing a plurality of images as described above on the screen, the openings of all the pixels of the image should be the light of the pixels of other images. It must be superposed on the shield. Therefore, not only the projection images are in focus, but the size is the same,
Conditions such as no distortion and the same direction of rotation on the screen must all be met. Therefore, the x axis, the y axis, the z axis, and the θx with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG.
It is necessary to precisely adjust the projection position of the projector with the 6 axes of the axis, the θy axis, and the θz axis.

Conventionally, such adjustment has been performed using a precision mechanical stage used in optical experiments. Since a projector is generally heavy, weighing several tens of kilograms or more, there is a problem in that a large, robust, and extremely heavy stage is used, and the weight becomes heavy. Further, since the stage is large and heavy, a motor having a high drive capacity is required when adjusting with a step motor or the like, which causes a problem that the device becomes large in size.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is an optical element capable of easily and accurately bending the optical axis of incident light, an optical axis changing element using the same, and a projection type display. To provide a device.

[0010]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following optical element, an optical axis changing element using the same, and a projection type display device. That is, the optical element according to claim 1 is arranged in the first medium through which light is transmitted at a predetermined interval along the optical axis of the light, and the angles of the respective incident surfaces with respect to the optical axis are mutually different. A plurality of transparent plates that can be varied differently, a partition that is provided between the transparent plates so as to surround a region sandwiched by the transparent plates, and that can expand and contract in the arrangement direction of the transparent plates, and the plurality of transparent plates And a second medium filled in a region surrounded by the partition wall and having a refractive index different from that of the first medium.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical element according to the first aspect, wherein one of the transparent plates is driven to change an angle of an incident surface of the transparent plate with respect to the optical axis. It is characterized by having a mechanism.

An optical axis changing element according to claim 3 is characterized in that a plurality of optical elements according to claim 1 are arranged along the optical axis.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical axis changing element according to the third aspect, wherein each of the plurality of optical elements is transparent on either the adjacent side or the separated side. It is characterized in that the plate is provided with a drive mechanism for changing the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis while keeping these transparent plates parallel to each other.

The optical axis changing element according to claim 5 is the optical axis changing element according to claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of optical elements is transparent on either the light incident side or the light emitting side. It is characterized in that the plate is provided with a drive mechanism for varying the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis so that these transparent plates are inclined in the opposite directions at the same angle.

The projection type display device according to claim 6 is
In a projection type display device for projecting images projected by a plurality of projection type display modules for enlarging and projecting an image displayed on a light valve onto a screen by a projection optical system, a projection lens of the projection optical system is incident on the projection type display device. One or a plurality of different light shift elements are provided on at least one of the side and the emission side. This optical shift element bends or moves in parallel to the direction of the optical axis, and the optical shift element according to claim 1 or 2 of the present invention.
In addition to the optical element described above, the optical axis changing element according to claim 3, 4 or 5, one or more flat plate-shaped transparent substrates, one or more wedge-shaped transparent substrates, and the like are used.

The projection type display device according to claim 7 is
A plurality of projection type display modules without a projection lens,
Projection with means for projecting light from the plurality of projection type display modules into one projection lens by a plurality of mirrors so as to superimpose and combine projection images from the plurality of projection type display modules and to enlarge and project onto one screen. In type display device,
An optical shift element is provided between the plurality of projection display modules and the mirror. This optical shift element has the same structure as the optical shift element described in claim 6.

The projection type display device according to claim 8 is:
The projection type display device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein test data is displayed on the light valve, the test data is detected and a deviation of the light valve from a predetermined position is calculated; Means for optically correcting with the optical element are provided.

[0018]

In the optical element according to the first aspect of the present invention, the angles of the respective transparent plates with respect to the optical axis are varied so that the angles of the incident surfaces of these transparent plates with respect to the optical axis are different from each other.
Here, in order to simplify the explanation, assuming that the incident surface of the incident-side transparent plate is perpendicular to the optical axis of the incident light, the light incident on the first medium is incident on the incident-side transparent plate. After that, the light enters the second medium and is emitted outward from the emission surface of the transparent plate on the emission side. Since the incident surface of the transparent plate on the incident side is perpendicular to the optical axis of incident light, in this case, the optical axis until the light passes through the second medium coincides with the optical axis at the time of incidence. In addition, when the light enters the incident surface of the transparent plate on the exit side from the second medium and exits outward from the exit surface of the transparent plate, refraction occurs between the second medium and the first medium. Since the rates are different, if the light enters the incident surface of the transparent plate at an angle (incident angle) θ1, it will be emitted from the exit surface of the transparent plate at an angle (refraction angle) θ2 different from the angle θ1. . Therefore,
The optical axis of the light is bent.

Generally, the refractive index of the first medium is n1, and the second medium is
If the refractive index of the medium is n2, the incident angle θ1 and the refraction angle θ2
, And sin θ1 / sin θ2 = n2 / n1 = n12. However, n12 is the relative refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the first medium and the second medium, it becomes possible to limit the refraction angle of the optical axis of the incident light to the most preferable range. As a result, the optical axis of the incident light can be easily bent in a predetermined direction with high accuracy.

Further, in the optical element according to the second aspect, a drive mechanism for changing the angle of the incident surface of the transparent plate with respect to the optical axis is provided on one of the transparent plates.
The angle of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis can be easily and quickly changed with high accuracy. This makes it possible to bend the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction with high accuracy, easily and quickly.

Further, in the optical axis changing element according to claim 3,
A plurality of optical elements according to claim 1 are arranged along the optical axis.
Here, considering the case where two optical elements are arranged for simplification, the optical axis of the light incident on the first optical element on the incident side is bent by the first optical element, and The axis is bent again by the second optical element on the exit side. In this optical axis changing element, by appropriately selecting the first medium and the second medium of each of the first and second optical elements,
By changing the refractive index of each of the first and second optical elements and adjusting the incident angle of the light incident on each of the optical elements, the optical axis of the incident light is bent or shifted in a predetermined direction (of the optical axis). Move in parallel). Therefore, it is possible to bend or shift the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction by appropriately selecting the first medium and the second medium and adjusting the incident angle of the light incident on each optical element. Become. Than this,
It becomes possible to easily bend or shift the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction with high accuracy.

Further, in the optical axis changing element according to claim 4,
The plurality of optical elements, on each of the transparent plate on either the adjacent side or the side away from each other, while keeping these transparent plates parallel to each other, the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis By providing a variable drive mechanism,
The angle of each of the transparent plates with respect to the optical axis can be easily and quickly changed with high accuracy. This makes it possible to bend or shift the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction with high accuracy, easily and quickly.

Further, in the optical axis changing element according to claim 5,
The angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate on each of the transparent plates on either the light incident side or the light outgoing side of the plurality of optical elements so that these transparent plates are inclined in opposite directions at the same angle. By providing the drive mechanism for changing the optical axis with respect to the optical axis, the angle of each of the transparent plates with respect to the optical axis can be easily and quickly changed with high accuracy. This makes it possible to bend or shift the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction with high accuracy, easily and quickly.

Further, in the projection type display device according to the sixth aspect, since at least one of the incident side and the emitting side of the projection lens of the projection optical system is provided with one or a plurality of different light shift elements, the light By changing or shifting the axis direction, it is possible to easily and highly accurately align the pixels of the images displayed on the plurality of light valves in the same area on the screen. As a result, it is possible to increase the resolution and definition of the projection display device without increasing the density and area of the light valve used. Furthermore, it is possible to improve the quality of the projected image, increase the brightness, and easily adjust the projected image.

Further, in the projection type display device according to the seventh aspect, by providing an optical shift element between the plurality of projection type display modules and the mirror, the direction of the optical axis can be changed or shifted, and the screen can be changed. It is possible to easily and highly accurately align the pixels of the images displayed on the plurality of light valves in the same area above. As a result, it is possible to increase the resolution and definition of the projection display device without increasing the density and area of the light valve used. further,
It is possible to improve the quality of the projected image, increase the brightness, and easily adjust the image.

Further, in the projection type display device according to claim 8, means for displaying the test data on the light valve, detecting the test data, and calculating a deviation from the predetermined position of the light valve, By providing the means for optically correcting the positional deviation by the optical element, the pixel alignment of the images displayed on the plurality of light valves in the same area on the screen can be realized with high accuracy, easily and quickly. As a result, it is possible to increase the resolution and definition of the projection display device without increasing the density and area of the light valve used. Furthermore, it is possible to improve the quality of the projected image, increase the brightness, and easily and quickly adjust the image.

[0027]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 1 of the projection type display device of the present invention. In Example 1, with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG. 51, the x-axis direction, that is, the horizontal direction of the screen surface, and the z-axis direction, that is, the vertical direction of the screen surface (vertical to the paper surface). (Direction) position adjustment, and uses a flat transparent substrate as an optical shift element for position adjustment. Hereinafter, in order to simplify the description, the description will be limited to the x-axis direction.

In FIG. 1, 11 and 12 are light sources, 21 and
Reference numeral 22 is a filter that blocks ultraviolet rays and infrared rays generated from the light sources 11 and 12, 31 and 32 are optical filters, 4
1, 42 are condenser lenses, 51, 52 are light valves, 6
1, 62 are projection lenses, 81, 82 are light valves 5.
It is a flat transparent substrate arranged between 1, 52 and the projection lenses 61, 62. Further, 7 is a screen, and m1 and m2 are optical axes of the projection lens.

The images of the light valves 51 and 52 are shown in FIG.
An image magnified by the projection lenses 61 and 62 is formed on the screen 7 by the same principle. Flat transparent substrate 81,
Reference numeral 82 rotates in directions opposite to each other about the z axis with respect to the optical axes m1 and m2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, when the flat transparent substrates 81 and 82 are arranged, the light valve 51,
The light beam from 52 is refracted and shifted in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Therefore, the centers of the light valves 51 and 52 are equivalently shifted to the optical axes m11 and m22, respectively. At this time, the images of the light valves 51 and 52 move in the directions opposite to the arrows on the screen 7 due to the imaging principle of the projection lenses 61 and 62 (equivalent to convex lenses). The moving distance of the image formed on the screen 7 is S times (projection magnification) according to the principle of image formation. Here, S is the shift amount of the optical axes m11 and m22.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 2 of the projection type display device of the present invention. The second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG.
The configuration is for position adjustment in the x-axis and z-axis directions with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG. 1, and a flat plate transparent substrate is used as an optical shift element for position adjustment.
Hereinafter, in order to simplify the description, the description will be limited to the x-axis direction.

In FIG. 2, flat plate transparent substrates 81, 82
Are arranged in front of the projection lenses 61 and 62, respectively, and rotate in opposite directions with respect to the optical axes m1 and m2 about the z axis. The configuration is the same as that of FIG. 1 except for the flat transparent substrates 81 and 82. When the flat transparent substrates 81 and 82 are arranged as shown in FIG. 2, the light rays from the projection lenses 61 and 62 are refracted and shifted in the direction of the arrow in the figure. Therefore, the optical axes of the projection lenses 61 and 62 are equivalently shifted to m11 and m22, respectively. The optical axis shift amount at this time is S determined only by the refraction by the flat plate transparent substrates 81 and 82.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 3 of the projection display apparatus of the present invention. The third embodiment is a projection type display module having no projection lens and a projection type in which light from a plurality of projection type display modules is made incident on one projection lens by a plurality of mirrors to superpose and synthesize a plurality of projection images on a screen. This is a type display device using an optical shift element for position adjustment. In FIG. 3, an example using four projection type display modules will be described for the sake of simplicity.

In FIG. 3, 201, 202, 203,
Reference numeral 204 denotes a projection type display module in which the projection lens 6 is removed from the projection type display device described in FIG.
Reference numeral 205 denotes a quadrangular pyramid-shaped mirror whose four surfaces are total reflection mirrors, and the angle of the facing surface is 90 degrees. 206 is a projection lens. Reference numerals 80a, 80b, 80c and 80d denote light shift elements, which are arranged between the mirror 205 and the respective projection type display modules 201, 202, 203 and 204. The operations of the light shift elements 80a to 80d will be described later, and will be omitted here.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram for explaining the principle of superimposed projection, and is a diagram of FIG. 3 viewed from the side. Mirror 20
5 is arranged at right angles to the optical axis of the projection lens 206. Since the optical axis of the projection lens 206 intersects at the apex of the mirror 205, the plane intersecting the apex of the mirror 205 and perpendicular to the paper surface is equivalent to the optical axis of the projection lens 206. Therefore, if the light valves 51, 52, 53, 54 are arranged on this surface, they are superimposed and synthesized on the screen 207.

FIG. 5 is an optical path diagram for explaining in detail the action of the flat plate transparent substrate used for the optical shift elements of the above-described first, second, and third embodiments. Reference numeral 8 denotes a flat transparent substrate, which is inclined at an angle θ1 with respect to the optical axis. The thickness of the flat transparent substrate 8 is d and the refractive index is n1. In the following description, the paraxial region where sin θ≈θ is established.

A light ray incident on the flat plate transparent substrate 8 along the optical axis is incident on the flat plate transparent substrate 8 at an incident angle of θ1 with respect to the normal 1. If the incident surface and the exit surface of the flat transparent substrate 8 are parallel to each other, the refracted light beam exits with the exit direction being the same direction as the entrance direction but shifted by S from the optical axis. The shift amount S at this time is represented by the equation (1) according to the law of refraction. S = dθ1 (n1-1) / n1 (1) Therefore, the flat plate transparent substrate 8 has the x-axis as shown in FIG.
By rotating around the z axis, the optical axis can be shifted in the two axes of xz.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 4 of the projection type display device of the present invention. The fourth embodiment uses two wedge-shaped transparent substrates each having one inclined surface in the optical shift elements of the first, second, and third embodiments, and similar to the first, second, and third embodiments. With respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG.
This is a configuration for adjusting the position in the axial direction. Hereinafter, in order to simplify the description, the description will be limited to the x-axis direction. The configuration of the optical system is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, and the description thereof is omitted.

In FIG. 6, reference numerals 9a and 9b denote wedge-shaped transparent substrates, which are arranged so that their slopes are parallel to each other with an air layer at a distance d therebetween as shown in FIG. The angles of the slopes of the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b are equal to each other and are θ1. Now, let us say that the incident surface of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a and the exit surface of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9b are perpendicular to the optical axis,
It is assumed that the light rays are incident parallel to the optical axis. The light beam is incident on the slope of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a at an angle θ1 with respect to the normal line 1,
The light is refracted at an angle θ2 and emitted to the air layer. The emitted light beam is incident on the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9b and refracted again at an angle θ1 because both slopes are parallel. After all, the light beam emitted from the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9b is emitted parallel to the incident light incident on the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a and shifted by S with respect to the optical axis. The shift amount S at this time is represented by the equation (2) according to the law of refraction. S = dθ1 (n1-1) (2) Therefore, if the distance d between the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b is made variable and both substrates are rotated around the y axis, xz
The optical axis can be shifted by the two axes.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of a fifth embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention. The fifth embodiment is a configuration example using an optical axis changing element composed of two optical elements whose surface angles can be changed, as the light shifting elements of the first, second, and third embodiments. Similar to Nos. 2 and 3, with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG. 51, the position adjustment in the two axial directions of the x axis and the z axis can be continuously and arbitrarily varied. Hereinafter, in order to simplify the description, the description will be limited to the x-axis direction. The configuration of the optical system is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, and the description thereof is omitted.

The optical element 100a and the optical element 100b have the same structure, and the optical element 100a includes flat transparent substrates 102a and 102b and flat transparent substrates 102a and 102.
transparent liquid (second medium) 103 having the same refractive index as b
The transparent liquid 103 is sandwiched between the two flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102b, and is sealed by, for example, a contractable sealant (partition) 104 having a bellows structure. The optical element 100b is composed of flat transparent substrates 102c and 102d and a transparent liquid 103 having the same refractive index as the flat transparent substrates 102c and 102d, and the transparent liquid 103 is sealed with a sealing material 104 like the optical element 100a. .

The optical elements 100a and 100b are, as shown in FIG. 7, flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 10 which are adjacent to each other.
2c so that the surfaces facing each other are parallel to each other with an air layer (first medium) having a predetermined distance (d) interposed therebetween, and further, the angles of the normals to the surfaces are equal to each other with respect to the optical axis m1. And the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102a.
d is fixed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis. Flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102b and flat plate transparent substrate 102
Since c and 102d are connected via the sealing material 104, they can be freely operated. That is, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c have a connector 1 at both ends.
05a and 105b are connected to each other and the connector 105a is moved up and down in FIG. 7 to move the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102b.
These flat plate transparent substrates 102 while keeping c parallel to each other
The angle θ1 formed between the normals of b and 102c is set. The optical action using the present optical element is the same as that of the one configured by using two wedge type transparent substrates described in the third embodiment. That is, the light ray that has entered the optical element 100a can be emitted from the optical element 100b after being parallel to the incident direction of the incident light ray and being shifted by S with respect to the optical axis.
In the fifth embodiment, the angle θ1 with respect to the optical axis is adjusted by the driver 108.

The driver 108 is composed of a connector 105, a drive arm 106, and a micrometer 107. Figure 7
When the micrometer 107 is moved in the left-right direction, the connector 105 is interlocked in the up-down direction via the drive arm 106, and the two flat plate transparent substrates 102 b, 1 connected to each other are connected.
02c changes its angle with respect to the optical axis m1 while maintaining parallelism. Therefore, the shift amount of the light ray m11 can be shifted according to the working distance of the micrometer unit. As an alternative to the micrometer 107, a piezoelectric element, a pulse motor or the like is suitable.

In the fifth embodiment, the flat transparent substrate 10
It is important to maintain the parallelism between 2b and 102c, and the distance d between both substrates may or may not be maintained. In the fifth embodiment, the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102a
Although the refractive indexes of b, 102c, and 102d are the same as those of the transparent liquid 103, they need not be exactly the same. However, if there is a large difference in the refractive index between the two, unnecessary light is reflected at the interface between the flat transparent substrate 102 and the transparent liquid 103 to reduce the transmittance, and the image quality of the screen image is deteriorated due to ghost, color shift and the like. It is not preferable because it may cause

FIG. 8 is a modification of the fifth embodiment, and is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example in which the two axes in the x-axis and z-axis directions shown in FIG. 51 can be continuously and arbitrarily changed. In FIG. 8, the drivers 108a and 108b are the drivers 108 of FIG.
And the same configuration as that of the driver 108a and 108b x
By arranging them on the axis and the z axis, the shift direction of the light beam can be independently changed in two directions of the X axis and the Z axis by the operation described in FIG. Since the individual operations of the drivers 108a and 108b are the same as those in FIG. 7, the description thereof will be omitted.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view for explaining the structure of a sixth embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention. The sixth embodiment is a configuration example in which the wedge-shaped transparent substrate having one inclined surface is used for the optical shift elements of the first, second, and third embodiments, and the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG. On the other hand, it is a configuration for performing position adjustment in the biaxial directions of the θx axis and the θz axis. In order to simplify the description below, θx
The description will be limited to the axial direction. The configuration of the optical system is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, and the description thereof is omitted.

In FIG. 9, 10 is a wedge-shaped transparent substrate similar to the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a shown in FIG. 6, and the surface facing the slope is a surface perpendicular to the optical axis. The angle of the slope is θ1 with respect to the facing surface. Now, assume that the incident surface of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 is perpendicular to the optical axis,
It is assumed that the light rays are incident parallel to the optical axis. The light beam is incident on the slope of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 at an angle θ1 with respect to the normal line 1,
The light is refracted at an angle θ2 and emitted to the air layer. The angle θ formed by the emitted light with the optical axis is expressed by the equation (3) according to the law of refraction.

Θ = θ2−θ1 = (n1-1) · θ1 (3) The wedge type transparent substrate 10 as described above is provided with the light valves 51 and 52 and the projection lens as shown in FIGS. 61,
When the light valves 51 and 52 are arranged between the two 62, the optical axes of the light valves 51 and 52 are equivalently bent by an angle θ, and the light valves 51 and 52 are rotated about the θx axis as a rotation axis. Similarly,
As shown in FIG. 2, the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 is attached to the projection lens 6
If the projection lenses 61 and 62 are arranged on the exit surfaces of the projection lenses 61 and 62,
The emitted light of is bent at an angle θ at θx, and the light valves 51 and 52 are rotated about the θx axis as a rotation axis.

By rotating the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 about the x-axis, the angle θ1 can be changed, and
By rotating around the y-axis, the orientation of the slope can be changed in the x-z plane, and the tilt of the θx axis and the θz axis of the light valve between the projectors can be adjusted.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 7 of the projection type display device of the present invention. The seventh embodiment is a configuration example in which an optical axis changing element capable of changing a surface angle is used in the light shift elements of the first, second, and third embodiments, and the projection as shown in FIG. This is a configuration for adjusting the position of the optical axis of the lens in the biaxial directions of θx and θz. Hereinafter, for simplification, the description will be limited to the θx axis direction.

The optical element 100 and the driver 108 have the same structure as the optical elements 100a and 100b and the driver 108 described in FIG. Now, it is assumed that the incident surface of the flat transparent substrate (transparent glass) 102a is perpendicular to the optical axis, and the light rays are incident parallel to the optical axis. The light beam is incident on the surface of the flat plate transparent substrate (transparent glass) 102b at an angle θ1 with respect to the normal line 1, is refracted at an angle θ with respect to the optical axis, and is emitted into the air as in the case of FIG. 9 described above. Flat transparent substrate 102b
Is connected to the driver 108, and the micrometer 1
The angle θ of the surface can be arbitrarily changed according to the operation of 07. Further, if the driver 108 is provided on each of the x-axis and the z-axis, the θx-axis and the θz-axis of the light valve between the projectors are provided.
The tilt of the shaft can be adjusted.

(Embodiment 8) FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Embodiment 8 of the projection type display device of the present invention. Example 8 is a configuration example in which Example 4 and Example 6 are combined by using three wedge-shaped transparent substrates each having one inclined surface in the optical shift elements of Examples 1, 2, and 3 described above.
With respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG.
This is a configuration for position adjustment in each of the x-axis, z-axis, θx-axis, and θz-axis. In the following, in order to simplify the description, the description will be limited to the x-axis and θx-axis directions. The configuration of the optical system is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, and the description thereof is omitted.

In FIG. 11, the wedge type transparent substrate 9a,
9b is the same as the wedge-shaped transparent substrate of FIG. 6, has the same shape as each other, and the angle of the slope is θ1. As shown in FIG. 6, the slant surfaces of the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b are spaced by a distance d.
They are arranged in parallel with the air layer in between. Wedge type transparent substrate 1
0 is the same as the wedge-shaped transparent substrate of FIG. 9 and has an inclined surface with an angle θ3, and is arranged so that the emission surface of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9b and the inclined surface-opposing surface of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 are adjacent to each other.

Now, suppose that the opposite surfaces of the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 are arranged at right angles as shown in FIG. 11, and light rays are incident on the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a parallel to the optical axis. On the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b, the light rays are shifted by the shift amount S with respect to the incident position and emitted in the same direction as the incident direction. The light beam incident on the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 has an angle θ (= (n
The light is refracted by 1-1) and θ3) and emitted. Therefore, the light beam incident on the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 9a is shifted by S with respect to the incident position, is refracted at an angle θ with respect to the incident direction, and is emitted from the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10.

Such wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a, 9b,
10 as shown in FIG.
And the projection lenses 61 and 62, and the distance d between the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b is made variable. Furthermore, the substrate 10 is rotated about the y-axis so that the substrate 10 is independent about the x-axis and the y-axis. When the light valve is rotated to, the position of the light valve between the projectors in the x and z axis directions and the tilt of the θx and θz axes can be adjusted. Similarly, when the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a, 9b, 10 are arranged on the exit surfaces of the projection lenses 61, 62 as shown in FIG. 2, the exit lights of the projection lenses 61, 62 are shifted by S in the x-axis direction, and θx Since the angle θ is bent on the axis, the position in the x and z axis directions between the projectors and the tilt of the θx and θz axes can be adjusted by performing the above-described adjustment.

(Embodiment 9) FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view for explaining the structure of Embodiment 9 of the projection type display device of the present invention. In the ninth embodiment, in addition to the optical shift elements of the above-described first, second, and third embodiments, an optical element that can change the angle of one surface and an optical element that can change the angles of both surfaces are used. This is a configuration example using the axis changing element, and the positions in the directions of the x axis, z axis, θx axis, and θz axis with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG. This is a configuration for adjusting. In order to simplify the description below, the direction is limited to the x-axis and θx-axis directions. Further, the optical action is the same as the configuration described in FIG. 11, and therefore the description thereof is omitted.

In FIG. 12, the optical element 100a and the driver 108a are respectively the optical element 100 described in FIG.
a, and has the same configuration as the driver 108. Reference numeral 100c denotes an optical element, which is the flat transparent substrate 10 of the optical element 100b in FIG.
While 2d is fixed at a right angle to the optical axis m1, the flat transparent substrate 102d is made variable in angle with respect to the optical axis m1. 108b is a flat transparent substrate 1
This is a driver for changing the angle of 02d with respect to the optical axis m1, and the flat transparent substrate 102a is fixed at a right angle to the optical axis.

When the micrometer 107 of the driver 108a is moved in the left-right direction, the driving arm 106
The connector 105a is linked up and down via the
The angles of the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c with respect to the optical axis m1 change while maintaining parallelism. On the other hand, when the micrometer 107 of the driver 108b is moved in the left-right direction, the drive arm 106 rotates and the flat plate transparent substrate 102
The angle of b with respect to the optical axis m1 changes.

With such a configuration, if the light ray m11 enters the flat plate transparent substrate 102a at a right angle, it shifts by S relative to the optical axis m1 in accordance with the angles of the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c, and further the flat plate transparent. The light is refracted by an angle θ with respect to the optical axis m1 according to the angle of the substrate 102d. In this way, the position of the projector in the x-axis direction and the tilt of the θx-axis can be adjusted. In addition, the drivers 108a, 10
If 8b is provided on each of the x axis and the z axis, the x
It is possible to adjust the axis, the position in the z-axis direction, and the tilt of the θx axis and the θz axis.

(Examples 10 to 14) FIGS. 13 to 17 show
It is a schematic block diagram for demonstrating the structure of Examples 10-14 of the projection type display apparatus of this invention. Examples 10 to 14
Is a projection-type display device that superimposes and synthesizes a plurality of projection images on a screen by using a plurality of projection-type display modules having the projection lenses as shown in FIG. 49. It is a configuration example in which different light shift elements are arranged. In FIGS. 13 to 17, one projection type display module is shown to simplify the description.

In any of the embodiments, the x-axis, z of the projector
This is an example of a configuration for adjusting the position of the axes and the tilt of the θx axis and the θz axis. In the following description, the optical action is the same as that of the optical shift element in FIGS.

FIG. 13 shows the flat plate transparent substrate 8 shown in FIG.
Is arranged on the incident side of the projection lens 6, and the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 shown in FIG. 9 is arranged on the emission side of the projection lens 6, respectively.

In FIG. 14, the wedge-shaped transparent substrates 9a and 9b shown in FIG. 6 are on the incident side of the projection lens 6, and the wedge-shaped transparent substrate 10 shown in FIG. 9 is on the emission side of the projection lens 6. , Are configuration examples in which they are respectively arranged.

In FIG. 15, among the wedge type transparent substrates 9a and 9b shown in FIG. 6, the wedge type transparent substrate 9a is arranged on the incident side of the projection lens 6 and the wedge type transparent substrate 9b is arranged on the emitting side. The wedge type transparent substrate 10 shown in FIG. 9 is arranged on the exit side of the substrate 9b.

FIG. 16 shows the optical element 100 shown in FIG.
In this configuration example, the optical axis changing element composed of a and 100b is arranged on the incident side of the projection lens 6, and the optical element 100 shown in FIG. 10 is arranged on the emitting side of the projection lens 6.

FIG. 17 shows the optical element 10 shown in FIG.
0a and 100c, the optical element 100a is located on the incident side of the projection lens 6, and the optical element 100c is located on the projection lens 6 side.
2 is a configuration example in which they are respectively arranged on the emission side of.

(Embodiment 15) FIG. 18 is a schematic constitutional view for explaining the constitution of embodiment 15 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention. The fifteenth embodiment is a constitutional example of an image rotating element in which an image rotating function is added to the optical shift elements of the respective embodiments shown in FIGS. In FIG. 18, in order to simplify the explanation, θy is set with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens as shown in FIG.
A case where only the axial position adjustment is performed will be described. Here, 210 is an image rotation element of a trapezoidal prism. The image rotation element 210 is arranged so that its major axis direction is parallel to the optical axis direction of the projection lens. Reference numeral 210a is an incident surface of the image rotation element 210, and 210b is an output surface thereof. Reference numeral 210c denotes the bottom surface of the image rotator 210, which is coated so that the light incident from the entrance surface 210a is totally reflected, or the angle of the entrance surface 210a is set so that the light rays are totally reflected at the bottom surface 210c. ing. In addition, the entrance surface 210a, the exit surface 210b, and the bottom surface 210c
The angle between and is the same.

Here, when a light ray is incident on the incident surface 210a in parallel to the optical axis, the light is refracted by the incident surface 201a, and then totally reflected by the bottom surface 211c, and emitted from the exit surface 210b in the same direction as the incident light. A light ray is emitted. When the image 211 is incident on the image rotating element 210, the image 211 is vertically inverted by being totally reflected by the bottom surface 210c. Therefore, the image 212 is emitted from the emission surface 210b in the same direction as when the image is incident, but the image 212 is vertically inverted. When the image rotating element 210 is rotated around the optical axis, the image 212 is rotated at an angular velocity twice this rotation angle.
Therefore, if such an image rotation element 210 is added to the optical shift element shown in FIGS.
The image rotation on the y-axis can be adjusted.

(Embodiment 16) FIGS. 19 to 21 are views for explaining the structure of Embodiment 16 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention. In the sixteenth embodiment, in the projection display device of each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, a test pattern for position adjustment is displayed on the screen, and the test pattern is detected to detect the position from a predetermined position of the light valve. This is a configuration example in which the displacement is calculated and the actuator of the optical shift element is controlled to optically correct the displacement.

In FIG. 19, reference numeral 220 denotes a screen, and test pattern display areas 220N, 220S, 220 for displaying test patterns on four sides of the screen 220.
W and 220E are provided.

20 and 21 are configuration diagrams for explaining how to drive the actuator for adjusting the position of the projection type display device. To simplify the explanation,
A case where there is one projection type display device will be described. Figure 20
222 is a projection type display device, and 223, 2
Reference numerals 25, 226 and 228 are actuators for adjusting the above-mentioned optical shift element, respectively, the x-axis and the z-axis.
It is for adjusting the axis, the θx axis, and the θz axis. Also, 224, 2
Reference numeral 27 is an actuator for the y-axis and θy-axis adjusting optical stage.

The projection type display device 222 includes the screen 22.
The position adjustment test pattern is displayed at 0, and the pattern displayed in each of the test pattern display areas 220N, 220S, 220W, 220E is changed to the image sensor 221N, 221.
Take pictures with S, 221W and 221E. Reference numeral 229 is a circuit for detecting the focus in the NS direction from the test patterns photographed by the image sensors 221N and 221S, and controls the actuators 224 and 226 based on the detection result.

Similarly, 230 is the image sensor 221.
This is a circuit for detecting the focus in the WE direction from the test pattern photographed by W, 221E, and controls the actuator 228 based on the detection result. Reference numeral 231 is a circuit that detects a shift in the x-axis direction from the test pattern captured by the image sensors 221W and 221E, and controls the actuator 223 based on the detection result. 232 is z from the test pattern photographed by the image sensors 221N and 221S.
This is a circuit that detects a shift in the axial direction, and controls the actuator 225 based on the detection result. Reference numeral 233 denotes a circuit that detects a rotation deviation in the θy axis direction from the test patterns photographed by the image sensors 221W and 221E, and controls the actuator 227 based on the detection result.

Focus detection by the detection circuits 229 and 230 is performed, for example, by extracting the shape of a pixel from the test pattern displayed in the test pattern area, measuring the vertical and horizontal sizes of the pixel, and extracting the shape of the extracted pixel. Can be achieved by controlling the actuator so that Further, the shift detection by the detection circuits 231 and 232 can be performed by the method as shown in FIG.

FIG. 21 shows a test pattern display area 220N,
It shows a cross pattern displayed on 220S.
The shift in the z-axis direction is detected from the pattern displayed in the test pattern display area 220N (or 220S), as shown in FIG. That is, the shift amount Sz between the test pattern and the preset cross-shaped reference line in the horizontal direction is measured, and the actuator 223 is controlled. The shift in the x-axis direction is detected from the pattern displayed in the test pattern display area 220W (or 220E) as shown in FIG. That is, the shift amount Sx between the test pattern and a preset reference line in the vertical direction is measured, and the actuator 225 is controlled.

Further, the rotation shift (θy axis) about the optical axis by the detection circuit 233 is caused by the test pattern display area 22.
The angle between the straight line connecting the intersections of the cross patterns displayed on 0W and 220E and the horizontal line of the reference line is measured, and the actuator 2
Control 27. In this way, when the adjustment of one projection type display device is completed, the position adjustment between the projection type display devices is performed by the above-mentioned method with the display of this projection type display device as a reference. In this way, each of the plurality of projection display devices can be adjusted. The position adjustment algorithm used in this embodiment is not limited to the method described with reference to FIGS.

(Embodiment 17) FIG. 22 is a schematic constitutional view for explaining the constitution of Embodiment 17 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention, in which 235, 236 and 237 are projectors equipped with a light shift element. 7 is a screen. Also, 1
1, 12, 13 are light sources, 21, 22, 23 are filters for cutting infrared rays and ultraviolet rays generated from the light sources, 31,
32, 33 are optical filters, 41, 42, 43 are condenser lenses, 51, 52, 53 are light valves, 61, 6
Reference numerals 2, 63 are projection lenses, and 81, 82, 83 are flat transparent substrates.

The seventeenth embodiment shows an example of the configuration of a multi-projection system that provides a large screen display having a very horizontally long shape with an aspect ratio different from the standard 3: 4. In the area A of the screen 7, the screen of the projector 235 is projected,
The screen of the projector 236 is projected in the area B, and the screen of the projector 237 is projected in the area C to display a horizontally long continuous large screen. For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the joints of the respective areas on the screen 7 for each pixel, that is, adjust the position between the projectors.

In the seventeenth embodiment, a case where the position adjustment of the z axis of the projector is performed will be described. For example, the screen of the projector 235 is projected on the area A of the screen 7,
When the right edge of the screen is projected over the area B of the screen 7, pixel alignment is performed by the following method. That is,
The flat transparent substrate 81 of the projector 235 is tilted at an angle with respect to the optical axis m1 to shift the optical path to m11. Then, the projection image of the projector 235 shifts to the left on the paper surface, and pixel matching can be performed. Also, the x-axis,
For the adjustment of z-axis, θx-axis, θy-axis and θz-axis,
It can be realized by applying the optical shift elements shown in Examples 1 to 17. These optical functions are similar to those of the light shift element shown in FIGS. 5 to 12, and therefore the following description is omitted.

(Embodiment 18) FIG. 23 is a schematic constitutional view for explaining the constitution of the embodiment 18 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention, wherein the z-axis direction shown in FIG. This is a configuration example in which the shift amount S can be changed and the shift amount S can be changed arbitrarily. The driver 108 is a connector 1
05, the drive arm 106, and the micrometer 107. Further, 300a, 300b, 300c are Y-shaped universal joints, and the angle β formed by the Y-shape is arbitrarily variable. In this projection type display device, when the micrometer 107 is moved in the left-right direction in the figure, the connector 105 is continuously interlocked in the vertical direction via the drive arm 106, and the two connected flat plate transparent substrates 102b, 10b are connected.
2c operates back and forth around the fulcrum in the figure toward the paper surface while keeping parallel, and the angle changes with respect to the light ray (optical axis) m1. Therefore, the shift amount of the light beam (optical axis) m11 can be shifted according to the working distance of the micrometer 107.

Further, in the figure, reference numeral 302 denotes a rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft 302 allows the optical element 100a.
And 100b are connected to each other, and the rotating shaft 302 is formed with screws in opposite directions with respect to the center of the optical elements 100a and 100b. By rotating the rotary shaft, the optical elements 100a and 100b move in opposite directions. That is, the optical elements 100a and 100
The distance d can be arbitrarily changed while keeping b parallel. As a result, the shift amount can be changed arbitrarily. The structure and shift amount of the optical element are as described in the fifth embodiment.

(Embodiment 19) FIGS. 24A and 24B are views showing the structure of Embodiment 19 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention, wherein FIG. 24A is a side view and FIG. 24B is a front view of FIG. . Example 19
7 is another embodiment of the biaxial adjustment mechanism for shifting the light beam direction in the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction in the fifth embodiment of FIG.

In FIG. 24, 400 is a flat transparent substrate 1.
It is a spacer for keeping 02b and 102c parallel.
The flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c are fixed by a spacer 400. Reference numerals 401 and 402 denote rotation axes of the spacer 400, which are a z-axis rotation axis and an x-axis rotation axis, respectively. 40
3 is a support for fixing the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102d. 404 is a column having a mechanism that supports the spacer 400 and can rotate around the x-axis 402. 405 is a column 4
It is a support base having a mechanism for supporting 04 and rotating the support column 404 about the z axis. Since the rotation mechanism of the support 405 does not directly drive the spacer 400, the support 404 is moved to the z-
Rotating about axis 401 causes spacer 400 to rotate about the z axis without affecting x-axis 402.

FIG. 24 (c) is a view showing a mechanism for rotating the spacer 400 and the support 404. Reference numeral 406 denotes a drive arm provided on the support 404 and the support 405, and a force is applied in the direction of the arrow. When is added, it rotates about the fulcrum 407. 408 is connected to the spacer 400,
It is a spring necessary to maintain the rotation angle. Therefore, when a force is applied in the direction of the arrow, the spacer 400 rotates about the z-axis 401, and the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 1b are rotated.
02c is inclined with respect to the flat transparent substrate 102a while maintaining parallelism. As a result, the incident ray is divided into the x-axis and z-axis
Shift on the axis.

(Embodiment 20) FIG. 25 is a schematic constitutional view showing the constitution of Embodiment 20 of the projection type display apparatus of the present invention. One surface of the optical shift elements of Embodiments 1, 2 and 3 is 2 is an example of a configuration using an optical axis changing element composed of an optical element capable of changing the angle of and an optical element capable of changing the angles of both surfaces.

In the configuration example shown in FIG. 12, the flat transparent substrate 102d has a structure in which the angle of both the x-axis and the z-axis can be varied, but in FIG. 25, the flat transparent substrates 102a, 102d.
The angle of the two sheets can be changed in one axis direction different from each other, and θ
An embodiment for adjusting the tilt of the x and θz axes will be shown. That is, the flat transparent substrate 102d rotates about the rotation axis 501 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Flat plate transparent substrate 102a
Rotates about a rotation axis 502 in a direction horizontal to the paper surface. 106c is a drive arm and 107c is a micrometer. When the micrometer 107c is operated in the left-right direction, the drive arm operates in the up-down direction, and the flat plate transparent substrate 102a rotates about the rotation shaft 502 in conjunction with each other. Regarding the operation and optical function of the drivers 108a and 108b,
Since it is the same as the ninth embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 21) FIG. 26 is a side view showing the structure of Embodiment 21 of the projection type display device of the present invention, and FIG.
26 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 26, and FIG. 28 is a rotary shaft 60 of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a surface formed by 1,602.

The projection type display device of the twenty-first embodiment is another embodiment of the biaxial adjusting mechanism for shifting the light beam direction to the x-axis and z-axis directions in the fifth embodiment of FIG. Also,
The difference from the configuration of Example 19 in FIG. 24 is that the rotation axes of the spacer and the flat transparent substrate are at different positions.

In FIGS. 26, 27 and 28, 600
Is a spacer for keeping the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c parallel to each other. Flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102
c is not fixed to the spacer 600 with an adhesive or the like as in the nineteenth embodiment, but is in contact with each other, but the surfaces of the two are slippery. To reduce the frictional force on the contact surface, for example, there is a structure as shown in FIG. This is a structure in which a plurality of metal balls 610 are arranged on the end surface of the spacer 600 that contacts the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c to reduce the contact area with the flat transparent substrate and reduce the frictional force. Reference numerals 601 and 602 denote the rotation axes of the spacer 600, which are the z-axis and x-axis rotation axes (FIG. 28), respectively.

Reference numerals 604b and 604c are frames for holding the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c, respectively. Reference numeral 603 is a column having a mechanism for supporting the spacer 600 by the shafts 606a and 606b on the rotating shaft 602 and further rotating the spacer 600 about the shafts 606a and 606b. Therefore, the spacer 600 rotates about the rotation shaft 602. When the spacer 600 rotates, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c receive a rotational driving force, but since the flat transparent substrate and the spacer are not fixed, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c rotate on a rotation axis different from the rotation axis 602.

Reference numeral 605 denotes a support 603 supported by a shaft 607 on the rotary shaft 601, and supports the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102a.
Hold d. Further, it is a column having a mechanism capable of rotating the column 603 around the axis 607. Therefore, the spacer 600 rotates about the rotation shaft 601. Also at this time,
The flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c rotate on a rotation axis different from the rotation axis 601. Since the rotation mechanism of the support 605 does not directly drive the spacer 600, the support 603 is connected to the rotation shaft 6
When rotated about 01, the spacer 600 rotates about the z axis without affecting the rotation axis 602.

On the contrary, even if the spacer 600 is rotated about the rotation shaft 602, the support 603 does not rotate, so that the rotation of the spacer 600 on the rotation shaft 601 does not occur. The rotation of the spacer 600 and the column 603 is, for example, as shown in FIG.
The rotation mechanism as shown in (c) may be installed on each side surface. Since the twenty-first embodiment has such a configuration, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c are inclined in two axes with respect to the flat plate transparent substrate 102a while keeping parallel to each other. As a result, the incident light beam is shifted along the two axes of the x axis and the z axis.

608 and 609 are frames 604b and 604.
It is a spring that supports 4c. Usually, the frame is displaced downward due to the weight of each of the frame, the flat transparent substrate, and the transparent liquid. Spring 60
Reference numerals 8 and 609 are provided to cancel this deviation. The downward displacement of the frame vertically shifts along the surface of the spacer 600 because the volume of the transparent liquid 103 is constant. Due to this displacement, the sealing material 104 is deformed and the rotational driving load on the rotating shaft 602 of the spacer 600 increases. However, if there is no problem with this increase in drive load, the spring 6
08 and 609 are not necessary. In the twenty-first embodiment, θx,
Although the tilt mechanism of the θz axis is not provided, it is clear that the drive mechanism as shown in FIG. 25 may be provided on the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102d.

(Embodiment 22) FIG. 29 is a side view showing the structure of Embodiment 22 of the projection type display device of the present invention, and FIG.
29 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 29, and FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary shaft of FIG. The projection-type display device of Example 22 is
10 is another embodiment of the biaxial adjusting mechanism for shifting the light beam direction to the x-axis and z-axis directions in the fifth embodiment of FIG. 7.
The difference from the structure of the twenty-first embodiment shown in FIG. 30 is that the spacer of the twenty-first embodiment rotates, whereas the spacer of the twenty-second embodiment moves in parallel.

In FIG. 29, FIG. 30, and FIG. 31, 700
a, 700b, 700c, 700d are flat plate transparent substrates 10
A spacer for keeping 2b and 102c parallel to each other,
704b and 704c are flat transparent substrates 102b and 704b, respectively.
A frame for holding 102c. Spacers 700a, 70
0b, 700c, 700d are 4 of the frames 704b, 704c
The flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 10 are provided in the corners.
2c is not fixed with an adhesive or the like as in the nineteenth embodiment, but is in contact but is configured to slide freely within three-dimensional coordinates. As a structure of this contact surface, for example, there is a structure as shown in FIG.

FIG. 30 is an enlarged view of the contact surface between the spacer 700a and the frame 704b. 7 at the end of the spacer 700a
A handle having a spherical tip like 08a is attached, and the handle 708a can freely rotate in the hole provided in the frame 704b. This structure has a spacer 70
It is provided at both ends of 0a, 700b, 700c, 700d. Reference numerals 701a and 702a denote rotation axes of the frame 704b, which are z-axis and x-axis rotation axes (FIG. 31), respectively. 7
01b and 702b (not shown) are rotation axes of the frame 704c, which are a z-axis rotation axis and an x-axis rotation axis, respectively.

Reference numeral 703a denotes a shaft 70 on the rotary shaft 702a.
6a and a shaft 706b support the frame 704b, and further has a mechanism capable of rotating the frame 704b around the shafts 706a and 706b. Also, the column 703b
Also has the same structure as the column 702a. Therefore, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c are respectively attached to the rotary shaft 702.
Rotate around a and 702b. Usually, the rotation axis of the flat transparent substrate is set at a point where the rotational driving load is minimized.

The support 705 is the shaft 7 on the rotating shaft 701a.
The support 703a is supported by 07a, and the support 703b is supported by the shaft 707b located on the rotation shaft 701b. further,
This is a column having a mechanism capable of rotating the column 703a around the shaft 707a and rotating the column 703b around the shaft 707b.

Therefore, the flat transparent substrate 102b rotates about the rotary shaft 701a, and the flat transparent substrate 102c rotates about the rotary shaft 701b. The rotation mechanism of the column 705 includes spacers 700a, 700b, 700c,
Since 700d does not drive directly, when the support column 703a or 703b is rotated about the rotation shaft 701a or 701b, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c rotate about the z axis without affecting the rotation shafts 702a and 702b. You can

On the contrary, even if the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c are rotated about the rotating shaft 702a or 702b, the support columns 703a and 703b do not rotate, so that the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c do not rotate on the z-axis.
To rotate the frames 704b and 704c and the columns 703a and 703b, for example, a rotation mechanism as shown in FIG. 24C may be installed on each side surface. However, this rotation mechanism may be provided on one side surface of either the frame 704b or the frame 704c, and similarly, the supporting column 703a or the supporting column 703b.
Either one is good.

When the frame 704b rotates clockwise about the rotation shaft 702a, the spacers 700a and 700b move in the arrow direction as shown in FIG.
c and 700d respectively move in the opposite directions, and the rotational driving force propagates to the frame 704c, so that the frame 704c rotates about the rotation shaft 702b. At this time, if the frame 704b and the frame 704c have the same length between the rotation axis serving as the radius of gyration and the frame end surface, the spacers 700a and 700b move in parallel with the spacers 700c and 700d. Therefore, when the frame 704b rotates about the rotating shaft 702a, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c are inclined with respect to the flat plate transparent substrate 102a while maintaining parallelism.

Similarly, when the column 703a rotates about the rotating shaft 701a, the frame 704b rotates about the rotating shaft 701a. Spacers 700a, 700b, 700c,
Since the end point of 700d can freely rotate with respect to the frame as shown in FIG. 30, the rotational movement of the frame 704b propagates to the frame 704c, and the frame 704b rotates about the rotation axis 701b.
With such a configuration, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 1b
02c can be tilted biaxially with respect to the flat plate transparent substrate 102a while maintaining parallelism. Thereby, the incident light beam can be shifted along the two axes of the x axis and the z axis.

In the twenty-first embodiment, the tilting mechanism for the θx and θz axes is not provided, but it is clear that the driving mechanism as shown in FIG. 25 may be provided on the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102d.

(Embodiment 23) FIG. 32 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, and FIG.
It is sectional drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. In this optical axis changing element, two optical elements 800a and 800b are connected to an air layer (first
This is a configuration example in which flat medium transparent substrates 102b and 102c facing each other are individually driven while maintaining parallelism with each other by sandwiching the medium).

This optical element 800a is the optical element 100a of the fifth embodiment provided with a drive mechanism described below. In the figure, 801 is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis and holds the flat plate transparent substrate 102a. A frame, 802 holds the flat transparent substrate 102b, and a support shaft 8 is supported by a drive arm 803.
A frame that is rotatable about the center of 04 as an axis (x-axis), 806 is an outer frame that rotatably supports the support shaft 804 around a horizontal axis, and 807 is a support shaft for the axis of the outer frame 806. 8
A support shaft fixed to the outer frame 806 at a position orthogonal to 04,
Reference numeral 808 designates the outer frame 806 as the axis of the support shaft 807 (z axis).
Is a drive arm that is rotated as.

The optical element 800b is composed of the same constituent elements as the optical element 800a, and the flat transparent substrate 102c is the flat transparent substrate 102b of the optical element 800a.
In the figure, 809 is a frame for holding the flat plate transparent substrate 102d, 810 is a frame for holding the flat plate transparent substrate 102c, and the driving arm 811 is used to pivot the center of the support shaft 812. A rotatable frame as (x-axis), an outer frame 814 that rotatably supports the support shaft 812 about a horizontal axis, and an outer frame 81.
The outer frame 8 at a position orthogonal to the support shaft 812 with respect to the axis line of
A support shaft fixed to 14 and a drive arm 816 that rotates the outer frame 814 about the center of the support shaft 815 as an axis (z axis).

In this optical element 800a, for example, the frame 8
By rotating 06 with the center of the support shaft 804 as an axis by the drive arm 803, the flat plate transparent substrate 102b rotates around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. Further, by rotating the outer frame 806 with the center of the support shaft 807 as the axis (z axis) by the drive arm 808, the flat plate transparent substrate 102b rotates around the z axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis.
The operation of the optical element 800b is similar to the above. Therefore, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c can be tilted about two axes of the x-axis and the z-axis.

In this optical axis changing element, for example, when a force f in the direction of the arrow in the drawing is applied to the drive arms 803 and 811, as shown in FIG. 34, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 10b are formed.
2c rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. The force f can be generated by, for example, a worm gear that converts the rotational movement of the stepping motor into a linear movement. Here, if the rotational movements of the stepping motors that move the drive arms 803 and 811 are the same, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c can be tilted at the same angle with respect to the optical axis. Therefore, the light perpendicularly incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d in a state of being shifted parallel to the optical axis.

When a force f is applied to either one of the drive arms 803 and 811, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 10b are processed.
Of 2c, the one to which the force f is applied rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. Therefore, the light perpendicularly incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a is bent in the direction of θx with respect to the optical axis and is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d. Further, when a force is applied to either one of the drive arms 808 and 816, one of the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c to which a force is applied rotates clockwise around the z-axis and is inclined with respect to the optical axis. Therefore, the light perpendicularly incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a is bent in the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis and is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d.

As described above, the light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a can be shifted in parallel with the optical axis,
Further, it can be bent in the direction of θx or the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis. The flat plate transparent substrates 102a to 10a
Although the axis of 2d is near the transparent liquid 103, the axes of the flat transparent substrates 102a to 102d are not limited to those of this embodiment, and various configurations are possible.

(Embodiment 24) FIG. 35 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, in which two optical elements 820a and 820b are arranged on the optical axis with an air layer interposed therebetween. , A configuration example in which the outer flat transparent substrates 102a and 102d are individually driven while maintaining parallelism. In this optical element 820a, the frame 802 is provided on the flat plate transparent substrate 102a of the optical element 800a of the twenty-third embodiment.
Each of them has a frame 801 and the flat plate transparent substrate 102a is rotated around the x-axis and the z-axis to be inclined with respect to the optical axis. The optical element 820b is the same as the optical element 820a. It is the structure of.

In this optical element 820a, for example, the frame 8
By rotating 06 with the center of the support shaft 804 as an axis by the drive arm 803, the flat plate transparent substrate 102a rotates around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. Further, by rotating the outer frame 806 with the drive arm 808 about the center of the support shaft 807 as an axis (z axis), the flat plate transparent substrate 102a rotates around the z axis and is inclined with respect to the optical axis.
The operation of the optical element 820b is similar to the above. Therefore, the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102d can be tilted about two axes of the x-axis and the z-axis.

In this optical axis changing element, for example, when a force f in the direction of the arrow in the drawing is applied to the drive arms 803 and 811, as shown in FIG. 36, the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102a are formed.
2d rotates clockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. Each of the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102d can be tilted at the same angle with respect to the optical axis.
The light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d while being shifted in parallel to the optical axis.

If a force f is applied to one of the drive arms 803 and 811, the incident light is bent in the direction of θx with respect to the optical axis, and a force is applied to either one of the drive arms 808 and 816. , The incident light is bent in the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis. As described above, the light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a can be shifted in parallel to the optical axis, and can be bent in the θx direction or the θz direction with respect to the optical axis.

(Embodiment 25) FIG. 37 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, in which the above-mentioned two optical elements 820a and 800b are arranged on the optical axis with an air layer interposed therebetween. This is a configuration example in which the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102c on the incident side of the optical elements 820a and 800b are individually driven so as to be inclined in opposite directions and at the same angle. In this optical axis changing element, for example, the drive arms 803, 81
When a force in the direction opposite to each other, that is, a force f in the direction of the arrow in the figure is applied to each one, as shown in FIG.
2a rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis, while the flat transparent substrate 102c rotates clockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis.

Now consider a paraxial region in which sin θ≈θ approximately holds. Flat plate transparent substrates 102a, 10
If 2c are tilted in the opposite directions by the same angle θ1, the light incident on the flat plate transparent substrate 102a parallel to the optical axis is bent at a refraction angle θ2 (= θ1 / n) according to the law of refraction. When the light is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102b, the light is further bent at a refraction angle θ3 (= n (θ1−θ2)). This light is incident on the flat transparent substrate 102c at an angle θ1 + θ3, and the angle θ4 (=
Turn at (θ1 + θ3) / n). From this, θ4 = θ1, and therefore the light is parallel to the optical axis, so that the light is emitted from the flat plate transparent substrate 102d in parallel with the optical axis while being shifted in parallel to θ1.

If a force f is applied to one of the drive arms 803 and 811, the incident light is bent in the direction of θx with respect to the optical axis, and a force is applied to one of the drive arms 808 and 816. , The incident light is bent in the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis. As described above, the light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a can be shifted in parallel to the optical axis, and can be bent in the θx direction or the θz direction with respect to the optical axis.

(Embodiment 26) FIG. 39 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, in which the above-mentioned two optical elements 800a and 820b are arranged on the optical axis with an air layer interposed therebetween. This is a configuration example in which the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102d on the emission side of the optical elements 800a and 820b are individually driven so as to be inclined in opposite directions and at the same angle.

The structure and operation of this optical axis changing element are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 40, since the incident side and the exit side of the optical axis changing element of Example 25 are reversed, the same operation as that of the optical axis changing element of Example 25 is performed. The description of the operation is omitted. Also in this optical axis changing element, similarly to the optical axis changing element of the twenty-fifth embodiment, the incident light can be shifted in parallel to the optical axis, and the direction of θx or θz of the optical axis can be shifted. Can be bent in any direction.

(Embodiment 27) FIG. 41 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, in which two optical elements 830a and 830b are arranged on the optical axis with an air layer interposed therebetween. In this example, the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c and the outer flat transparent substrates 102a and 102d facing each other are driven parallel to each other while individually rotating in each axis. This optical element 830a corresponds to the optical element 8 of Example 23.
The frame 801 of 00a and the outer frame 806 are integrated to form a frame 831.
The flat transparent substrate 102a is rotated around the z-axis and tilted with respect to the optical axis, and the flat transparent substrate 102b is rotated around the x-axis and tilted with respect to the optical axis. The optical element 830b also has a configuration in which the frame 809 and the outer frame 814 are integrated to form a frame 832.

In this optical element 830a, for example, the frame 8
By rotating 02 with the center of the support shaft 804 as an axis by the drive arm 803, the flat plate transparent substrate 102b rotates around the x-axis and is inclined with respect to the optical axis. Also, frame 8
31 is rotated by the drive arm 808 with the center of the support shaft 807 as the axis (z-axis).
02a rotates about the z-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. The operation of the optical element 830b is similar to the above. Therefore, each of the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102d can rotate about the z-axis, and each of the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102c can rotate about the x-axis.

In this optical axis changing element, for example, when a force f in the direction of the arrow in the drawing is applied to the drive arms 803 and 811, as shown in FIG. 34, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102 are formed.
2c rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis. Here, if the rotary motions of the stepping motors that move the drive arms 803 and 811 are the same, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102c can be tilted at the same angle with respect to the optical axis. Therefore, light incident parallel to the optical axis is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d in a state of being shifted with respect to the z-axis direction.

Further, when a force is applied to each of the drive arms 808 and 816, the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102d rotate around the z-axis and tilt with respect to the optical axis. Therefore, the light incident parallel to the optical axis is emitted from the flat transparent substrate 102d in a state of being shifted with respect to the x-axis direction. Further, when a force f is applied to either one of the drive arms 803 and 811, the incident light bends in the direction of θx with respect to the optical axis, and the drive arm 8
When a force is applied to either 08 or 816, the incident light bends in the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis. As described above, the light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a can be shifted in parallel to the optical axis, and can be bent in the θx direction or the θz direction with respect to the optical axis.

(Embodiment 28) FIG. 42 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the optical axis changing element of the present invention, in which two optical elements 840a and 830b are arranged on the optical axis with an air layer interposed therebetween. Is a configuration example in which the rotation on each axis is individually driven so that the flat transparent substrates 102a and 102c on the incident side and the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102d on the outgoing side are inclined at the same angle in opposite directions. In this optical element 840a, the frame 801 and the outer frame 806 of the optical element 820a of the twenty-fourth embodiment are integrated into a frame 831, and the flat plate transparent substrate 102a is rotated around the x-axis to be tilted with respect to the optical axis. The flat plate transparent substrate 102b is rotated around the z-axis and tilted with respect to the optical axis.

In this optical axis changing element, the flat transparent substrate 10
2a and 102c rotate around the x-axis and tilt with respect to the optical axis. Further, the flat plate transparent substrates 102b and 102d rotate around the z-axis and are inclined with respect to the optical axis. Where, for example,
When the forces opposite to each other, that is, the force f in the direction of the arrow in the figure, are applied to the drive arms 803 and 811, the flat plate transparent substrate 102a rotates counterclockwise around the x-axis and the optical axis as shown in FIG. The flat plate transparent substrate 102c rotates clockwise around the x-axis and tilts with respect to the optical axis.

Here, si is approximately the same as in the twenty-fifth embodiment.
Considering a paraxial region where nθ≈θ holds, if the flat plate transparent substrates 102a and 102c are tilted in opposite directions by the same angle, the flat plate transparent substrate 102a is parallel to the optical axis.
The light incident on is emitted in parallel with the optical axis from the flat transparent substrate 102d while being shifted in the z-axis direction. Similarly, if the flat transparent substrates 102b and 102d are tilted in opposite directions by the same angle, the flat transparent substrates 102 are parallel to the optical axis.
The light incident on a is emitted parallel to the optical axis from the flat transparent substrate 102d in a state of being shifted in the x-axis direction.

If a force f is applied to one of the drive arms 803 and 811, the incident light is bent in the direction of θx with respect to the optical axis, and a force is applied to either one of the drive arms 808 and 816. , The incident light is bent in the direction of θz with respect to the optical axis. As described above, the light incident on the flat transparent substrate 102a can be shifted in parallel to the optical axis, and can be bent in the θx direction or the θz direction with respect to the optical axis.

(Embodiment 29) FIG. 43 is a constitutional view showing an embodiment of a projection type display apparatus using the light shift element of the present invention. In the figure, 901a to 901d are projectors having a projection lens, and 902. Is a roof-type total reflection surface mirror,
903 is a total reflection surface mirror, 7 is a projector 901a-9
It is a screen which displays the projection screen of 01d.

In this projection type display device, the projector 9
The projection light projected from each of 01a to 901d is reflected upward by the roof-type total reflection surface mirror 902, is reflected again by the total reflection surface mirror 903, and the image is enlarged and displayed on the screen 7. At this time, as described with reference to FIG. 50, the images of the projectors 901a to 901d are shifted by half a pixel and projected so as to be superimposed between the pixels to synthesize one image, and the projectors 901a to 901d are also combined.
By displaying video signals obtained by sampling each image by shifting half a pixel from each other, the combined image can have a resolution twice that of each of the projectors 901a to 901d in the horizontal and vertical directions.

In this projection type display device, since the projection images of the four projectors 901a to 901d are shifted by a half pixel and superimposed, the light valve needs to be decentered with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. 44 and 45 are schematic configuration diagrams for explaining the configuration of the projectors 901a, 901b, .... In the figure, 11a to 11c are light sources, 21a to 21c are filters for cutting unnecessary light such as infrared rays and ultraviolet rays generated from the light sources 11a to 11c, 41a to 41c are condenser lenses, 51a to 51c are light valves, and 61a to 61a. 61c is a projection lens, 904a-
Reference numeral 904c is an optical shift element.

In FIG. 44, adjacent projectors 901 are arranged.
a and 901b, the eccentric directions of the light valves 51a and 51b are shown. In FIG.
Projectors 901a and 901c arranged opposite to each other with a pinch in between
The eccentric direction of the light valves 51a and 51c in FIG. According to these figures, the adjacent projectors 9
01a, 901b or projectors 901c, 901
In d, the eccentric amounts are made eccentric to each other in the horizontal direction in opposite directions to each other. In addition, a projector 901 is arranged opposite to each other with a roof-type total reflection surface mirror 902 interposed therebetween.
a, 901c or projectors 901b, 901d, the optical axes of the projection lenses 61a, 61c or the projection lenses 61b, 61d are reflected upward by the roof-type total reflection surface mirror 902 and again by the total reflection surface mirror 903. Therefore, the screen 7 is displaced in the vertical direction. Therefore, in the light valves 51a and 51c, the light valves 51a and 51c are decentered in opposite directions to each other in the vertical direction according to the shift amount of the optical axis.

Here, the optical shift elements 904a, 904
are arranged between the light valves 51a, 51b, ... And the projection lenses 61a, 61b, .. Therefore, the light valves 51a, 51b ,. The image will move on the screen 7. For example, when the optical axis changing element of Example 27 is used, the projected image can be moved in two directions of the x axis and the z axis, and can be tilted in the θx axis and the θz axis.
The image shift amount by the light shift elements 904a, 904b, ...
It is obvious that it is proportional to the enlargement ratio of 61b, ....

(Embodiment 30) FIG. 46 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the projection type display device using the light shift element of the present invention. In the figure, 901e to 901g are, for example, red components respectively. , A green component and a blue component image are enlarged and projected, and are combined on the screen 7 into one full-color image. In this projection type display device, the light valves 51e and 51g of the projectors 901e and 901g are arranged in the opposite horizontal direction to the projection lenses 61e and 61g on the basis of the same principle as the projection type display device of the twenty-ninth embodiment. Eccentric.

Here, the optical shift elements 904e to 904 are used.
g is the light valves 51e to 51g and the projection lens 6 respectively.
1e to 61g, the light valves 51e to 5e are arranged as described in the above embodiments.
An image of 1 g moves on the screen 7. For example, when the optical axis changing element of the twenty-seventh embodiment is used, it is possible to adjust the screen position of the projected image by four axes of x axis, z axis, θx axis and θz axis.

(Embodiment 31) FIG. 47 is a constitutional view showing another embodiment of the projection type display apparatus using the light shift element of the present invention. In the figure, 911 to 914 are dichroic mirrors, 915 and 916. Is a surface mirror. This projection type display device decomposes the white light of the light source 10 into three primary colors of red light, green light, and blue light by using dichroic mirrors 911 and 912, and makes them incident on the respective light valves 51a to 51c. The emitted light emitted from each of 51a to 51c is converted into dichroic mirrors 913 and 914.
Is used to combine the three primary colors of red light, green light, and blue light, and the projection lens 61 performs enlarged projection.

The operation of this projection type display device will be described in more detail. The red light of the white light emitted from the light source 10 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 911, and this red light is totally reflected again by the front surface mirror 915 and enters the light valve 51a. The cyan light that has passed through the dichroic mirror 911 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 912 as green light, and enters the light valve 51b. On the other hand, the blue light transmitted through the dichroic mirror 912 enters the light valve 51c. The light valves 51a to 51c display video signals corresponding to the respective primary colors.

The red light emitted from the light valve 51a is adjusted to a predetermined optical axis by the light shift element 904a, and then passes through the dichroic mirror 913. Also,
The green light emitted from the light valve 51b is adjusted to a predetermined optical axis by the light shift element 904b, reflected by the dichroic mirror 913, and combined with the red light emitted from the light valve 51a. Also, the light valve 5
The blue light emitted from 1c is adjusted to a predetermined optical axis by the light shift element 904c, then totally reflected by the surface mirror 916, and reflected again by the dichroic mirror 914.
Combined with the combined light from the dichroic mirror 913,
It is enlarged and projected by the projection lens 61.

Here, the optical shift elements 904a to 904 are used.
c is the light valves 51a to 51c and the projection lens 6 respectively.
Since the light valves 51a to 51c are disposed between the light valves 51a and 51c, the images of the light valves 51a to 51c move on the screen 7 as described in each of the above-described embodiments. For example, when the optical axis changing element of Example 27 is used, the projection image is displayed on the x axis,
The screen position can be adjusted by the four axes of the z axis, the θx axis, and the θz axis.

Although the present invention has been specifically described based on the first to thirty-first embodiments, the present invention is based on the first to third embodiments.
Of course, the number is not limited to 1, and various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0140]

As described above, according to the optical element of claim 1 of the present invention, a predetermined space is provided along the optical axis of the light in the first medium through which the light is transmitted. Arranged,
A plurality of transparent plates that are variable so that the angles of the respective incident surfaces with respect to the optical axis are different from each other, and the transparent plates are provided between the transparent plates so as to surround a region sandwiched by the transparent plates. The optical axis of the incident light is set to a predetermined value because it includes a partition wall that can expand and contract and a second medium that is filled in a region surrounded by the plurality of transparent plates and the partition wall and has a refractive index different from that of the first medium. Can be easily bent with high precision in the direction.

According to the optical element of claim 2,
Since a drive mechanism for changing the angle of the incident surface of the transparent plate with respect to the optical axis is provided on either one of the transparent plates, the angle of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis can be accurately and easily and quickly set. Therefore, the optical axis of the incident light can be bent in a predetermined direction with high accuracy, easily and quickly.

According to the optical axis changing element of the third aspect, since the plurality of optical elements of the first aspect are arranged along the optical axis, the optical axis of the incident light can be easily moved in a predetermined direction with high accuracy. Can be bent or shifted.

Further, according to the optical axis changing element of the fourth aspect, the transparent plates are provided on the transparent plates of each of the plurality of optical elements which are adjacent to each other or apart from each other. Since a drive mechanism that changes the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis while maintaining parallelism is provided, it is possible to bend or shift the optical axis of the incident light in a predetermined direction easily and quickly with high accuracy. You can

According to the optical axis changing element of the fifth aspect, the transparent plates are provided on the transparent plates of the plurality of optical elements on either the light incident side or the light outgoing side, respectively. Since a drive mechanism that changes the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis so that it is tilted in the opposite direction at the same angle, the optical axis of the incident light can be accurately and easily and quickly set in a predetermined direction. Can be bent or shifted.

According to the projection type display device of the sixth aspect, the projection images of a plurality of projection type display modules for enlarging and projecting the image displayed on the light valve onto the screen by the projection optical system are displayed on one screen. In the projection type display device for superposed projection, one or a plurality of different light shift elements are provided on at least one of the entrance side and the exit side of the projection lens of the projection optical system, so that the direction of the optical axis can be changed or shifted. It is possible to easily and highly accurately realize pixel alignment of images displayed on a plurality of light valves in the same area on the screen. As a result, without increasing the density and area of the light valve used,
Higher resolution and higher definition of the projection type display device can be realized, and further higher quality and higher brightness of the projected image and easier adjustment can be realized.

According to the projection type display device of the seventh aspect, a plurality of projection type display modules having no projection lens and light of the plurality of projection type display modules are converted into one projection lens by a plurality of mirrors. In a projection type display device having means for superposing and synthesizing projection images from a plurality of projection type display modules and enlarging and projecting on one screen, between the plurality of projection type display modules and the mirror. Since the light shift element is provided, the direction of the optical axis can be varied or shifted, and the pixels of the images displayed on the plurality of light valves in the same area on the screen can be easily and highly accurately realized. As a result, it is possible to realize high resolution and high definition of the projection type display device without increasing the density and area of the light valve to be used, and further improving the quality and quality of the projected image. Brightness and easy adjustment can be realized.

According to another aspect of the projection display device of the present invention, means for displaying test data on the light valve, detecting the test data, and calculating a deviation of the light valve from a predetermined position. Since the means for optically correcting the positional deviation by the optical element is provided, the pixel alignment of the images displayed on the plurality of light valves in the same area on the screen can be easily and promptly realized with high accuracy. be able to. As a result, it is possible to realize high resolution and high definition of the projection type display device without increasing the density and area of the light valve to be used, and further improving the quality and quality of the projected image. It is possible to realize brightness adjustment and easy and quick adjustment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of a first embodiment of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 2 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of a third embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating the principle of superimposed projection according to the first, second, and third embodiments.

FIG. 5 is an optical path diagram for explaining the operation of the flat transparent substrate of Examples 1, 2, and 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of a projection display apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of an optical axis changing element of Example 5 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of a modified example of the optical axis changing element of the fifth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 6 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of an optical axis changing element of Example 7 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of an eighth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 9 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 10 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 11 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of a twelfth embodiment of the projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a configuration of a thirteenth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 14 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 15 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a sixteenth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a structural diagram for explaining the structure of a sixteenth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a structural diagram for explaining the structure of the sixteenth embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of Example 17 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the configuration of the optical axis changing element of Example 18 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the configuration of Example 19 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a configuration of an optical axis changing element of Example 20 of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a side view showing the configuration of a twenty-first embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 26.

28 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary shaft of FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 is a side view showing the configuration of a twenty-second embodiment of the projection display device of the present invention.

30 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 29. FIG.

31 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary shaft of FIG. 29.

FIG. 32 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element of Example 23 of the present invention.

33 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 34 is a schematic view showing the operation of the optical axis changing element of Example 23 of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element of Example 24 of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a schematic view showing the operation of the optical axis changing element of Example 24 of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element of Example 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing the operation of the optical axis changing element of Example 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element of Example 26 of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a schematic view showing the operation of the optical axis changing element of Example 26 of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element according to Example 27 of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a configuration diagram showing an optical axis changing element according to Example 28 of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a configuration diagram showing a projection type display device of Example 29 using the optical axis changing element of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a projector part of Example 29 using the optical axis changing element of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is an embodiment 29 using the optical axis changing element of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a projector part of FIG.

FIG. 46 is a configuration diagram showing a projection-type display device of Example 30 using the optical axis changing element of the present invention.

[Fig. 47] Fig. 47 is a configuration diagram showing a projection type display apparatus of Example 31 using the optical axis changing element of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional projection display device.

FIG. 49 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional projection type display device having a function of superposing projection images.

FIG. 50 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional principle of superimposing four images.

FIG. 51 is a schematic explanatory view showing a conventional adjustment direction.

[Explanation of symbols]

6, 61, 62, 63 Projection lens 7 Screen 8, 81, 82, 83 Flat plate transparent substrate 9a, 9b, 10 Wedge type transparent substrate 11-13 Light source 21-23 Filter 31-33 Optical filter 41-43 Condenser lens 51 -54 Light valve 80a-80d Light shift element 100a-100c Optical element 102a-102d Flat plate transparent substrate 103 Transparent liquid (2nd medium) 104 Seal material (partition wall) 105a, 105b Connector 106, 106a-106c Drive arm 107, 107a-107c Micrometer 108,108a-108c Driver (driving mechanism) 201-204 Projection type display module 205 Mirror 206 Projection lens 207 Screen 210 Image rotation element 220 Screen 220N, 220S, 220W, 220E TE Stop pattern display area 221N, 221S, 221W, 221E Image sensor 222 Projection type display device 223, 225, 226, 228 Actuator 224, 227 Actuator 229-233 Circuit 235-237 Projector 302 Rotating shaft 400 Spacer 401, 402 Rotating shaft 403, 404 Post 406 Drive arm 501,502 Rotational axis 600 Spacer 601,602 Rotational axis 603,605 Struts 604b, 604c Frame 606a, 606b, 607 axis 700a-700d Spacer 701a, 701b Rotational axis 702a, 702b Rotational axis 703a, 703b, Strut 704c Frame 705 Support post 707a, 707b Shaft 800a, 800b Optical element 801, 802, 809, 810 Frame 803, 808 811,816 Drive arm 804,807,812,815 Support shaft 806,814 Outer frame 820a, 820b Optical element 830a, 830b Optical element 831,832 Frame 840a Optical element 901a-901g Projector 902 Roof-type total reflection surface mirror 903 Total reflection Surface mirrors 904a to 904c Light shift elements 911 to 914 Dichroic mirrors 915 and 916 Surface mirrors m1 and m2 Optical axes m11 and m22 Rays

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A first medium through which light is transmitted is arranged at a predetermined interval along the optical axis of the light, and the angles of the respective incident surfaces with respect to the optical axis are variable so as to be different from each other. A plurality of transparent plates and partition walls provided between these transparent plates so as to surround a region sandwiched between these transparent plates, and expandable and contractable in the arrangement direction of these transparent plates, and a region surrounded by the plurality of transparent plates and the partition walls. And a second medium having a refractive index different from that of the first medium, the optical element. 2. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein one of the transparent plates is provided with a drive mechanism for varying an angle of an incident surface of the transparent plate with respect to the optical axis. Optical element. 3. An optical axis changing element, wherein a plurality of the optical elements according to claim 1 are arranged along an optical axis of light. 4. The optical axis changing element according to claim 3, wherein the transparent plates are arranged parallel to each other on each of the transparent plates of the plurality of optical elements which are adjacent to each other or separated from each other. An optical axis changing element comprising a drive mechanism for changing the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis while keeping the same. 5. The optical axis changing element according to claim 3, wherein the transparent plates are provided in opposite directions to the transparent plates on either the light incident side or the light emitting side of the plurality of optical elements. An optical axis changing element, characterized in that a drive mechanism for changing the angle of the incident surface of each transparent plate with respect to the optical axis is provided so as to incline at the same angle. 6. A projection type display device for superimposing and projecting projection images of a plurality of projection type display modules for enlarging and projecting an image displayed on a light valve onto a screen by a projection optical system, the projection optical system. The projection type display device, wherein one or a plurality of different light shift elements are provided on at least one of the incident side and the emission side of the projection lens. 7. A plurality of projection type display modules having no projection lens, and light projected from the plurality of projection type display modules by allowing light of the plurality of projection type display modules to enter one projection lens by a plurality of mirrors. A projection type display device having means for superimposing and synthesizing and projecting on a single screen in an enlarged manner, wherein a light shift element is provided between the plurality of projection type display modules and the mirror. Display device. 8. The projection type display device according to claim 6, further comprising: means for displaying test data on the light valve, detecting the test data, and calculating a deviation of the light valve from a predetermined position. And a means for optically correcting the displacement by the optical element.