JPH0679673B2 - Crushing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to surface modification of a granular material for pulverizing or exfoliating the sub-substance from particles to be treated in which the sub-substance is adhered to the particle surface of the parent substance. The present invention relates to a pulverization processing device for carrying out.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a method for modifying the surface of granules, in addition to a sieving method, a method using an inertial force classifier, a rotating drum type classifier, or the like is known. 3 to 5 are explanatory views of a conventionally known reforming method, and FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view by a sieving method. Reference numeral 40 denotes a sieve, and the particles to be treated are supplied onto the sieve, and the particles to be treated are oscillated or vibrated up and down or back and forth respectively on the sieve to rub the particles to be treated with each other. The substance is separated into a child substance, and after the separation, the mother substance is collected as a residue on the sieve and the child substance is collected under the sieve. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the reforming method using an inertial force classifier. When the particles to be treated are ejected at high speed toward the wall surface, the kinetic energy obtained by the particles to be treated is applied to the wall surface. Collision occurs, and the child matter is separated by the impact at the time of collision. At this time, if air is made to flow from the lower side to the upper side in parallel with the wall surface at the same time, the base substance falls against the flow of air, and the child substance is carried along with the air and carried out upward. FIG. 5 shows a reforming method in the case of using a rotary drum type classifier, while rotating the rotary cylinder 41 with an appropriate angle,
When the particles to be treated are supplied to the upper part of the rotating cylinder 41 from the chute 42 arranged above the rotating cylinder 41, the particles to be treated rub against each other in the rotating cylinder 41. While being conveyed toward the lower part of the rotating cylinder 41, the base substance flows down to the lower part of the rotating cylinder 41 against the air, and the child substance is carried out from the upper part of the rotating cylinder 41 along with the air.
Each is separated.

By the way, the present applicant has recently developed a surface modification device to which a centrifugal fluidized crushing device having a rotary plate and a fixed ring as described below is applied, and filed a patent application as Japanese Patent Application No. 63-220246.

This rotating dish has a rotation axis oriented in the vertical direction, at least a central portion of which has a dish surface whose diameter is expanded downward, and a vertical cross section of the dish surface is concavely curved. It has a free circular shape.

The stationary ring has an inner wall surface with at least an upper portion having a diameter reduced upward, and has a shape in which a vertical cross section of the inner wall surface is curved in a concave shape. ing.

In the surface modification device, the dish surface of the rotary dish and the inner wall surface of the fixed ring are formed into a continuous smooth surface except for a minute gap between the rotary dish and the fixed ring.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the surface reforming apparatus as described above, a child substance is attached to the particle surface of a mother substance having a large specific gravity, that is, a so-called high specific gravity When performing surface modification of the granules for peeling, the dish surface of the rotating dish is curved in a concave shape as a whole, and further under the condition that the height from the gap between the rotating dish and the fixed ring to the dish surface bottom is high, Of the reforming medium and the particles to be treated supplied in the surface reforming device, the ratio of the amount of the reforming medium and the amount of particles to be treated held on the dish surface of the rotary dish increases, and as a result, the dish surface portion A surface-modified base substance is deposited on the upper layer portion, and further, a dichotomous layer is formed on the lower layer portion in which the surface-modified raw material at the time of charging is deposited as it is. Therefore, the upper layer and the lower layer,
Although the surface reforming device is driven at a constant speed, it will show a kind of dead space that does not flow, and the reforming chamber inside the surface reforming device is effectively effective for the dead space. As the processing volume decreases, the centrifugal flow motion of the particles to be treated and the reforming medium, which is characteristic of the surface reforming device, becomes irregular. The product stays in the dish surface concave part of the unit for a long time, and as a result, the basic substance of electric power becomes worse because the sub-substances are not discharged, or the processing amount per unit time due to the reforming of the entire device decreases, and The raw material deposited on the plate surface is finally
Since it is discharged without being modified, it has a drawback that the surface modification efficiency of the raw material is lowered.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the present invention, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, the rotation axis is oriented in the vertical direction, and at least the central portion has a dish surface whose diameter is expanded downward, and The dish has a rotatable circular rotating dish whose longitudinal cross section is curved in a concave shape, and at least the upper portion has an inner wall surface whose diameter decreases upward, and the inner wall surface has a concave vertical cross section. A stationary ring having a curved shape, which is circumferentially provided in synchronization with the rotary plate and is stationary, and the plate surface of the rotary plate and the inner wall surface of the fixed ring have a rotary plate and a fixed ring. In a centrifugal flow device formed on a continuous smooth surface, except for a minute gap between and, the ratio of the height from the gap between the rotary plate and the fixed ring to the plate surface and the maximum inner diameter of the rotary plate is 0.
In addition, the dish surface portion is configured to be substantially horizontal, and a concave shape having a wide flat surface is formed.

[Operation] The particles to be treated and the reforming medium are housed in the processing chamber surrounded by the plate surface of the rotary plate and the inner wall surface of the fixed ring, and the plate surface of the rotary plate is made wide and flat. Ratio (H / D) between the height (H) from the gap of the plate to the plate surface and the maximum inner diameter (D) of the rotating plate
By driving the device configured to 0.03 to 0.05, the particles to be treated and the reforming medium are strongly pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the rotating dish by centrifugal force while being ground on each other on the dish surface. The granules and the reforming medium revolve in the circumferential direction at a slower speed than the rotation speed of the rotating dish, and also make a circular movement in the up-and-down direction that circulates on the dish surface and the inner wall surface. Performs a spiral-like movement (this movement is commonly called centrifugal flow). As a result, the particles to be treated or the particles to be treated and the modifying medium rub against each other,
The particles to be treated may be crushed (especially ground), or the child substance may be separated from the surface of the particles to be treated.

The pulverization processing device such as surface modification adopted in the present invention is
The particles to be treated and the reforming medium are centrifugally flowed, and the grinding action of the particles to be treated is remarkable. Therefore, fine pulverization or surface modification is performed within a short time. Then, since the fine powder, which is a child substance, is quickly discharged by the introduced gas, re-aggregation of the child substance or re-adhesion to the matrix reforming can be prevented, and efficient separation can be achieved.

Further, even when the hardness of the particles to be ground to be ground is different for each lot, it can be easily dealt with by simply changing the residence time of the raw material in the apparatus.

Even when surface-modifying the particles to be treated that the parent material is soft and the child material is hard, or if the particles to be treated that the parent material is hard and the child material is soft are to be surface-modified, the particles to be treated in the equipment This can be easily dealt with by simply changing the residence time of the body and changing the degree of friction between the particles to be treated or the particles to be treated and the modifying medium.

Furthermore, even small-diameter particles can be reliably crushed into fine powder, and the child substance can be peeled off.

Embodiments Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is an overall side view of a pulverizing apparatus for surface modification suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part.

Reference numeral 1 is a fixed ring, and 2 is a rotary dish. The fixed ring 1 is fixed to the upper side of a drum-shaped casing 4 whose bottom surface is sealed by a plate 3, and the plate 3 is supported by a pedestal 5. A support block 6 is fixedly mounted on the rotary plate 2, and the support block 6 is supported by the plate 3 via a bearing device 7. That is, an opening 8 is formed in the central portion of the plate 3, and the flange portion 10 of the bearing housing 9 is locked to the edge portion of the opening 8 and fixed by the bolt 11. A drive shaft 12 is connected to the lower side of the support block 6, and the drive shaft 12 is connected to an output shaft 15 of a speed reducer 14 via a joint 13. Reference numeral 17 is a variable speed motor for driving, and is connected to the speed reducer 14.

A lid member 18 is attached to the upper side of the rotary plate 2. The lid member 18 is provided with a flange 19 on the outer periphery of the lower end thereof, and the flange 19 is mounted on a flange 20 projecting from the outer peripheral edge of the upper end of the fixed ring 1 and fixed by a bolt 21. A discharge pipe 22 is installed in the center of the lid member 18, and the inside of the discharge pipe 22 communicates with a processing chamber 23 for crushing or reforming which is surrounded by the stationary ring 1, the rotary plate 2 and the lid member 18. . The lid member 18 is provided with a charging pipe 24, and the inside of the charging pipe 24 communicates with the processing chamber 23.

Next, the configurations of the fixed ring 1 and the rotary plate 2 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

The fixed ring 1 has a ring shape installed with the axial direction being the vertical direction, and the diameter in the middle part in the height direction (hereinafter referred to as the middle part) 1b is the largest. In the fixed ring 1, a lower portion (hereinafter, referred to as a lower portion) 1c is slightly reduced in diameter from the middle portion 1b, and an upper portion (hereinafter, referred to as an upper portion) 1a is reduced in diameter from the middle portion. is doing. Therefore,
The inner wall surface 1A of the fixed ring 1 is slightly expanded in diameter from the lower portion 1c toward the middle portion 1b, the middle portion 1b is substantially vertical, and the middle portion 1b is located at the upper portion.
The diameter is reduced toward 1a, and the inner wall surface 1A is curved in a vertical cross section. A flange 25 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion 1b of the fixed ring 1, and the flange 25 is mounted on a flange 26 provided on the outer periphery of the upper end of the casing 3 and fixed by a bolt 27.

The dish surface 2A of the rotary dish 2 has a shape in which the diameter is expanded downward in the central portion 2a, is substantially horizontal in the intermediate portion 2b that follows the central portion, and is intermediate with the intermediate portion 2b (M). It has a wide flat surface whose ratio (M / D) to the maximum inner diameter (D) of the rotating dish is set to, for example, 0.1 to 0.3, and the outer peripheral portion 2c following the intermediate portion 2b expands upward. The shape.
The dish surface 2A is curved in a relatively shallow concave shape as a whole, and the inner wall surface 1A of the fixed ring 1 and the dish surface 2A except for a minute gap 29 between the fixed ring 1 and the rotary dish 2. It forms a continuous smooth surface.

A pointed cap 30 is attached to the central portion of the rotary plate 2,
It is fixed by bolts 31. A shaft hole 32 is formed in the central portion of the rotary plate 2, and the upper end of the support block 6 is fitted in the shaft hole 32. The lower end of the bolt 31 is screwed into a piece 33 provided on the upper end of the support block 6.

Although not shown, the inner wall surface 1A of the fixed ring 1 and the rotary plate 2
A liner is attached to each of the dish surfaces 2A.

An inlet 34 for introducing a gas such as air is formed in the plate 3 so that the gas can be introduced into a gas chamber 36 in the casing 3 through a pipe 35.

Further, a powder collecting means (not shown) such as a bag filter is connected to the discharge pipe 22.

An example of the surface modification method of the granules by the crushing apparatus for surface modification configured as above will be described below.

A large number of reforming media such as spherical balls are loaded in the processing chamber 23 in advance. First, for example, the particles to be treated in which the child substance different from the mother substance is attached to the surface of the mother substance particles are charged into the apparatus through the charging pipe 24.
The granules to be treated and the reforming medium circulate between the inner wall surface 1A of the fixed ring 1 and the dish surface 2A as the rotating dish 2 rotates (arrow S), and the orbital motion of the rotating dish 2 around the axis. Performs a spiral movement (centrifugal flow) like a rope due to the synthesis of and, during which the surface of the particles of the particles to be treated is ground or stripped.

That is, when the rotating dish 2 is rotated, the reforming medium is moved in the outer peripheral direction by the centrifugal force, and the velocity energy crawls up the inner wall surface 1A of the fixed ring 1, and when the climbing force becomes smaller than gravity, then It separates from the inner wall surface 1A and falls onto the plate surface 2A of the rotary plate 2. The reforming medium that has moved onto the dish surface 2A moves along the dish surface 2A while rolling in the outer peripheral direction, and is again moved toward the fixed ring 1.

When the rotating dish 2 is rotated, the reforming medium revolves in the circumferential direction at a speed lower than the rotation speed of the rotating dish 2. Therefore, the reforming medium, in addition to the vertical circular motion S circulating in the dish surface 2A and the inner wall surface 1A as described above, also performs an orbital motion of rotating about the axis of the rotary plate 2, Performs a spiral movement (centrifugal flow) that twists a rope that combines two movements.

In this way, the reforming medium moves up the inner wall surface 1A while maintaining the movement of the rotary dish 2 in the circumferential direction. When the inner wall surface 1A is fixed, the reforming medium The combined speed of the circumferential speed (revolution speed) and the creeping speed of the reforming medium directly becomes the speed difference between the inner wall surface 1A and the reforming medium. Therefore, the speed difference between the reforming medium and the inner wall surface 1A becomes extremely large, and the grinding action by the action of the reforming medium when moving on the inner wall surface 1A becomes extremely strong.

Furthermore, since the reforming medium that has left the inner wall surface 1A and has landed on the dish surface 2A moves smoothly while rolling in the outer circumferential direction along the dish surface 2A, when rolling on the dish surface 2A. Due to the movement, the potential energy obtained when running up the inner wall surface 1A can be exchanged for the kinetic energy in the radial direction, so that the energy once applied to the reforming medium is not consumed unnecessarily, and the peeling action is performed. It can be used effectively. Furthermore, when descending along the dish surface 2A, the reforming medium is
Since 2A smoothly rolls toward the outer peripheral direction by the centrifugal force, the child substance is separated even during this rolling motion.

As described above, the clearance between the rotary plate 2 and the stationary ring 1 is such that the reforming medium and the particles to be treated do not partially fall into a non-flowable state and can be in a centrifugal flow state as a whole. 29
The ratio (H / D) of the height (H) from the plate to the intermediate portion 2b of the plate surface and the maximum inner diameter (D) of the rotating plate is 0.03 to 0.05. However, as for the pulverization processing device having a deep-bottom type rotating dish when H / D is 0.05 or more, it is as described in the prior art, but a shallow-type rotating dish with H / D of 0.03 or less. In the pulverization processing device having a rotary plate 2 and a stationary ring 1.
As a result that the height (H) from the gap 29 to the dish surface intermediate portion 2b becomes smaller, and the outer peripheral portion 2c of the rotating dish which is shaped to expand upwardly following the dish surface intermediate portion 2b disappears,
The role of the run-up section required for the rising of the granules to be treated and the reforming medium that greatly contribute to the vertical circular motion S circulating between the dish surface 2A and the inner wall surface 1A from the dish surface 2A to the inner wall surface 1A However, although the centrifugal flow occurs locally, as a whole, the particles to be treated and the reforming medium exhibit the phenomenon of rotating together with the rotary dish while remaining on the rotary dish. It will not be done.

If a suitable amount of air is introduced into the processing chamber 23 through the pipe 36, the gas chamber 36 and the gap 29, and the centrifugal flow as described above is continued for a certain period of time, the child matter of the epidermis of the particles to be treated is ground or The child substance that has been peeled off by peeling and is peeled off is carried out from the discharge pipe 22 together with air. In this way, the particles to be treated are separated into a child substance and a mother substance.

In addition, since gas is blown into the particles to be centrifugally flowed and the reforming medium through the gap 29, the child substance separated from the particles to be treated is immediately conveyed by airflow and discharged. Therefore, the separated child substance does not adhere to the base substance again.

Needless to say, the introduction of air into the processing chamber 23 can be performed by suction from the discharge pipe 22 instead of by blowing air from the pipe 35.

In this way, the child substance can be reliably peeled from the surface of the particles to be treated, and the high-purity mother substance or child substance can be efficiently obtained. In addition, this matrix substance is one in which substantially only the child substance of the epidermis has been peeled off, has almost no crushing effect, and has a substantially original shape,
It is possible to recover a base material having a suitable particle shape.

According to the method of the present invention, a heterogeneous child substance, and in some cases, a homogeneous child substance, can be peeled from the surface of a particle having various substances as a base substance.
It is suitable for exfoliating a child substance made of an oxide, a nitride, or a carbide from the particle surface of a metal (pure metal or alloy) such as copper, nickel, cobalt, or aluminum.

For example, the present invention can be preferably used when peeling slag adhering to the surface of pure iron particles. When peeling the slag from the surface of the metal particles, usually, if the particles to be treated is 10 mm or more, even in the above-mentioned prior art method, it is often possible to perform a treatment with high surface modification efficiency, Body is 1m
If it is less than m, the surface modification efficiency will be significantly reduced and the profitability as a business base will not be met, so it is unavoidable to use it for landfill etc. as untreated, or to use it for low added value. It is the actual situation.

However, using the crushing apparatus in the present invention, especially, even when the particles to be treated have a small particle diameter of 1 mm or less,
The surface modification efficiency is remarkably improved, the profit is sufficiently profitable as a business base, and the valuable recovery of the parent substance and the recovery of the child substance can be facilitated.

In the method of the present invention, the use of the modifying medium or the particles to be treated, which functions as the modifying medium, can promote the exfoliation of the child substance. As the reforming medium, particles of the same material as the base material of the particles to be treated are suitable, but if the particles are hard particles (for example, steel balls, ceramic balls such as corundum, zirconia, etc.), they are modified with the particles to be treated. A material different from the quality medium may be used. The surface of the medium may be covered with a polyamide resin (trade name: nylon) or the like.

Further, the reforming medium having a diameter of about 10 mm is suitable for milling, but for more efficient milling, the diameter of the particles to be treated should be 5 to 20% of the diameter of the reforming medium. It is better to be It should be noted that the particles to be treated may be crushed to a certain size or less in advance, or if they are unpulverized, particles having a particle diameter that meets the above-mentioned conditions may be prepared from the beginning.

Next, the operation when crushing is performed by the above crushing apparatus will be described.

When pulverizing, the raw material and the pulverizing medium are loaded into the processing chamber 23, and the rotary dish is rotated. Then, the grinding medium centrifugally flows like the reforming medium described above. The speed difference between the grinding medium and the inner wall surface 1A during this centrifugal flow is extremely large, and the grinding or grinding action by the grinding medium when moving on the inner wall surface 1A becomes extremely strong.

In the case of this crushing, as in the case of the surface modification, wasteful consumption of kinetic energy and potential energy of the crushing medium is small. The raw material is also crushed when the crushing medium moves in the centrifugal direction while rolling on the dish surface 2A.

Even in the case of this pulverization, by introducing air from the gap 29, the fine powder that has reached the product particle size is conveyed by air flow, is discharged from the discharge pipe 22, and is collected by the collecting means.
In this way, the fine powder can be continuously discharged, so that over-milling of the raw material is prevented.

The crushing method using the crushing apparatus can be applied to crushing various minerals, metals, and organic substances. When crushing is performed using a crushing apparatus, when the particle size of the raw material is 1 mm or less, a remarkable effect is generated especially as compared with another crushing method.

As the grinding medium, hard steel balls and ceramic balls such as corundum and zirconia are suitable.

In addition, the ball surface is made of polyamide resin (trade name nylon)
You may coat with. The diameter of the grinding medium is preferably 3 to 50 mm, especially 5 to 10 mm.

In both cases of crushing and surface modification, the rotating dish 2 is rotated at, for example, about 50 to 1000 rpm.

In the present invention, air is usually used as the gas blown from the gap, but when crushing or surface-modifying a metal that is easily oxidized, a gas other than air such as nitrogen may be used.

In the case of carrying out the method of the present invention, the rotation speed of the rotary dish may be constant, but it may be changed regularly or irregularly. By varying the rotation speed, irregularity is given to the movement of the medium and the raw material, and the grinding action is improved.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above examples, the present invention is a child substance produced by surface-modifying the particles to be treated while centrifugally flowing and introducing gas into the apparatus. Since fine powder is quickly discharged, efficient surface modification can be performed. Therefore, the exfoliated child substance does not bond again to the parent substance, and the exfoliated child substances do not bond to each other, and the child substance can be exfoliated efficiently and reliably easily in a short time, and the child substance can be easily and easily formed. Can be taken out. In particular, according to the present invention, even when the high-specific-gravity target particles that could not be surface-modified by the conventional method are modified with a scaled-up apparatus for a large throughput, the modified medium and the target particles are treated. A spot where the body does not partially flow, that is, a so-called dead space does not occur, and both the child substance and the mother substance can be recovered in a high yield regardless of the product. Further, since the particles to be treated are not deposited as dead space, the surface modification rate does not decrease, the power consumption rate becomes significantly small, and the surface modification treatment cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the apparatus of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is an overall side view of a processing apparatus for surface modification, and FIGS. 3, 4 and 5
The figure is an illustration of a conventional example. 1 ... Stationary ring, 2 ... Rotating pan, 1A ... Inner wall surface, 2A ... Plate surface, 3 ... Plate, 4 ... Casing, 14 ... Reducer, 17 ... Motor, 18 ... Lid member , 22 …… discharge pipe, 23 …… processing chamber, 24 …… input pipe, 29 …… gap.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rotation having a shape in which a rotation axis is oriented in a vertical direction, at least a central portion has a dish surface whose diameter is expanded downward, and a longitudinal cross section of the dish surface is curved concavely. It has a freely rotatable circular dish and at least an upper part of which has an inner wall surface that reduces in diameter upward, and the inner wall surface has a shape in which a vertical cross section is curved in a concave shape. A stationary ring that is installed and stationary, and the plate surface of the rotary plate and the inner wall surface of the fixed ring form a continuous smooth surface except for a minute gap between the rotary plate and the fixed ring. In the centrifugal flow type pulverization processing device that is formed, the ratio of the height from the gap between the rotary plate and the fixed ring to the plate surface and the maximum inner diameter of the rotary plate is set to 0.03 to 0.05, and the plate surface is approximately horizontal. In addition, the crushing apparatus is characterized by forming a concave shape having a wide flat surface.