JPH0674431B2 - Lubrication method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vertical motor contact, a slide switch, a relay, a connector, etc., including a small motor used for driving a tape of a tape recorder, a video tape recorder, etc. The present invention relates to a method for lubricating a sliding part which does not receive an electric contact or a voltage.

Structure of the conventional example and its problems Explaining with the example of a small motor with the most number of contact switching,
Generally, there are two types of brushes in a small motor. One is a conductive material having elasticity, for example, copper, beryllium copper, copper titanium alloy, phosphor bronze, nickel silver thin plate material or wire material, and precious metal alloys (for example, Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Cu, etc. and their alloys). ) Is clad or joined to a part of a thin plate material or a wire material by means of spot welding,
The other is a sintered carbon brush (for example, C carbon, Ag carbon, Cu carbon, AgCu carbon, and Si for those materials) which is a part of the thin plate material or the wire material described above.
A carbon brush containing C, MoS ₂ , Pb, epoxy resin, etc. as an additive is formed by means of conductive adhesive, spot welding, or crimping method. , The commutator sliding part vibrates unnecessarily when the commutator rotates,
As a result, abnormal welding occurs on the contact surface of the commutator sliding part with respect to the commutator segment, and black matter (a mixture of carbon and sliding wear powder generated between the brush and the commutator segment) due to spark generation. It is often a problem that foreign substances are generated that promote the so-called abnormal phenomenon. In some brushes for small motors, a commutator sliding portion that is in sliding contact with a commutator segment is integrally formed with a brush base portion that is supported by a supporting means provided on, for example, a lid of a motor case. The contact state between such a brush and the commutator segment is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, a bent commutator sliding portion 3 extends from a brush base portion 2 supported by a brush supporting means 1. This commutator sliding part 3 is a brush base 2
It has elasticity by being bent from and is in contact with the commutator segment 4 in a pressed state. Then, this pressing force is obtained by appropriately selecting the bending angle between the brush base 2 and the commutator sliding part 3.
It can be any value you want. The commutator segment 4 is fixed to the motor rotating shaft 6 via the insulating cylinder 5 and rotates with the rotation of the motor.

As described above, since the rotating commutator segment 4 and the commutator sliding portion 3 are in sliding contact with each other, electric sparks are easily generated between them, and electrical noise and commutator sliding are generated with the generation of the electric sparks. Inconvenient conditions such as welding on the moving part 3 will occur. And
The occurrence of this welding not only shortens the life of the brush,
When welding occurs at a position where the commutator segment 4 starts to contact and a position where the commutator segment 4 starts to separate (part a in FIG. 1), the surface of the commutator segment 4 is scratched and damaged by the welding, and further caused by this scraping. There is a disadvantage that the cutting wastes are accumulated in the gap between the commutator segments 4 adjacent to each other, and the commutator segments are electrically connected to each other, and the performance of the motor is deteriorated. .
It should be noted that electric sparks are often generated at the portion a of the commutator sliding portion.

The largest cause of this is brush sliding. That is, electric sparks frequently occur due to the vibration of the brush, which promotes the occurrence of welding and causes the sliding surface to become rough. The generation of electric sparks further increases as the roughness increases, and eventually it becomes impossible to obtain the required characteristics of the motor, leading to start-up and stop.

Generally, the material of the commutator sliding part 3 is a noble metal alloy brush or a sintered carbon brush as described above, and the material of the commutator segment 4 is AgCu, AgCd, AgCuC.
d, Cu, Au alloys, AgPd alloys, AgCuTi alloys, etc.When using noble metal brushes, since these are almost the same material, the sliding resistance is 1.0 and scratches at the sliding interface This is a disadvantageous combination that is likely to occur. Also, when using a sintered carbon brush, although the sliding resistance is smaller than when using a noble metal alloy brush, there is a risk of scratches, and in the compounding material that constitutes the carbon brush , Impurities such as SiO ₂ are mixed, and as with the noble metal alloy brush, it is a disadvantageous combination in which scratches easily occur at the sliding interface.

The structure shown in FIG. 2a which does not have a means for suppressing the electric sparks that cause these defects, that is, the commutator sliding part 3 does not take any vibration damping measures, is a commutator. Since the vibration of the sliding part is large, welding easily occurs even at normal temperature, and it is difficult to obtain a product with a long life and excellent quality. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2b, the vibration preventive rubber 9 attached to the commutator sliding portion 3 with the adhesive 8 has good vibration absorption at room temperature and can suppress generation of sparks. , 60 ℃ of upper limit temperature
When it is near, the viscosity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is remarkably reduced, the adhesive force of the anti-vibration rubber 9 to the sliding portion is reduced, the vibration absorbing ability is reduced, and the generation of sparks is increased. It becomes stable. Further, as shown in FIG. 2c, a vibration prevention sheet 12 is used as a base material on the commutator sliding portion 3.
Compared with the example of FIG. 2b, the adhesive 11 having the structure in which the adhesive 8 is applied to both surfaces of 10 has a small decrease in viscosity of the adhesive at high temperature to some extent, but is not sufficient. It cannot be said that long life at high temperature and high quality cannot be obtained. This kind of problem is a noble metal alloy (for example, Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Cu, etc. and their alloys) like the case of the small motor.
Contact failure due to generation of black matter even at electrical contacts of electrical connection structures such as vertical movement switches, relays with sliding contact structures, slide switches with sliding contact structures, connectors, etc. However, inconveniences such as transfer of contacts and welding due to generation of electric sparks occur. When the combination has a sliding resistance of 1.0 even when no voltage is applied, it is a disadvantageous combination in which scratches are likely to occur at the sliding interface. The ambient temperature of this equipment is often -10 ℃ to + 60 ℃.

An object of the present invention is to improve the slidability of a commutator sliding portion and a commutator segment, prevent the shortening of the motor life due to abrasion damage on the commutator segment surface, and
Wah when incorporated in a device such as a tape recorder
Shortening the electrical contact life of high-performance small motors that can reduce flutter and vertical movement switches and relays with open / close contact structures, or slide switches that have sliding contact structures like small motors, and electrical connection structures such as connectors A lubrication method for preventing a lubricant or a sliding portion to which no voltage is applied from sliding smoothly.

Constitution of the Invention In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides paraffins in the vicinity of a sliding portion of a contact ... Chemicals of the present invention 1 Monoalcohols having a single —OH group …… Chemicals of the present invention 2 or more , A polyhydric alcohol having an —OH group: the chemical of the present invention 3: an ether having a single or a plurality of —O-bonds: the chemical of the present invention 4: a cyclic ether: the chemical of the present invention 5: a single or a plurality of chemicals Ketones having -CO- bond ... Chemicals of the present invention 6 Ether alcohols having one or more -OH groups ... Chemicals of the present invention 7 Ester alcohols having one or more -OH groups ... The present invention Chemicals 8 Ester having one or more —COO-bonds …… Chemical agent of the present invention 9 Amino alcohols having one or more —OH groups …… Chemical agent 10 of the present invention having one or more —COOH groups You Fatty acids: Chemicals of the present invention 11 Alkylamides having one or more —CONH-bonds ... Chemicals of the present invention 12 Primary amines having one or more —NH ₂ — bonds: Chemicals of the present invention 13 Secondary amines having one or more —NH— bonds ...... Chemical agent of the present invention 14 Tertiary amines having one or more N≡ bonds …… Chemical agent of the present invention 15 Oxymonocyclic terpenes ...... The present At least one or more chemicals among 16 chemicals of the invention, ...

A member impregnated with, for example, felt is fixed by an adhesive or attached by means such as a pressure bonding method. This (the chemical of the present invention) has a linear carbon bond having no benzene ring or has a side chain, and the boiling point thereof under 1 atm is around 97 ° C to 290 ° C. Select the appropriate one. This (chemicals of the present invention) becomes vapor depending on the ambient temperature, and inside the motor case (chemicals of the present invention)
In this atmosphere, the monomolecular film or a thin film conforming thereto is formed by being adsorbed on the surface of the sliding portion of the commutator. In addition, in order to simplify the motor configuration, a configuration may be used in which the (chemical of the present invention) is directly applied to the brush or the commutator sliding portion. Further, in the case of an up / down switch having a switching contact structure, a relay, or an electrical contact having an electrical connection structure such as a sliding switch having a sliding contact structure, a connector, etc., the (chemical of the present invention) is applied near the contact or the product (opening / closing). Vertical contact switch, relay,
Alternatively, it is impregnated with a material constituting a slide switch having a sliding contact structure, a connector, etc., and the atmosphere in the vicinity of the contact becomes an atmosphere of (the chemical of the present invention) to be adsorbed to the contact to form a monomolecular film or a thin film equivalent thereto. To process. Alternatively, the material for forming the sliding portion is impregnated into the sliding portion to which no voltage is applied, and treatment is performed so that the atmosphere in the vicinity of the sliding portion becomes the atmosphere of (the chemical of the present invention).

Description of Embodiments FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. In the figure, 14 is a bracket for holding a brush or the like, 15 is a motor housing, and 16 is a felt impregnated with (the chemical of the present invention). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the felt 16 is arranged near the commutator sliding portion 3 on the bracket 14, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the felt 16 is mounted on the brush base 2.

In each of these embodiments, the commutator sliding part 3 is fixed to the tip of the brush base 2, but the commutator sliding part bent and extended from the brush base 2 as shown in FIG. The felt 16 may be provided on the sliding portion.

In any of the embodiments, the atmosphere in the motor case becomes a vapor atmosphere due to (the chemical of the present invention), and the purpose is to adsorb on the brush and the commutator segment surface by the atmosphere gas. Not as long.

By the way, the state in which the commutator sliding portion and the commutator segment are easily welded, or the state in which welding, abnormal wear, or conduction failure is likely to occur is being elucidated in the literature and experiments so far. Abnormality is likely to occur when the brush sliding part and the commutator segment slide in the atmosphere or when the commutator segment itself contains or adsorbs unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons. At this time, foreign matter is generated which promotes an abnormal phenomenon called black matter (a mixture of carbon and sliding wear powder generated between the brush and the commutator segment).

This foreign matter has a large amount of carbon per unit volume when the unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon is burned by the arc between the sliding portion and the commutator segment, resulting in incomplete combustion,
Although it is due to its molecular structure, it is considered that hard carbon can be formed because the binding state of the produced carbon becomes dense.

Also, in the adsorption of hydrocarbons other than unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, and adsorption to commutator segments, it is due to the molecular structure, but the carbon produced is soft, which does not lead to abnormal phenomena. Has been done. Based on these phenomena, a long-term operation experiment was conducted using a commutator segment in which a very small amount of hydrocarbon was adsorbed. In this experiment, 1) there is a high probability that abnormal wear will occur in the commutator segment in the case of high temperature and low humidity. 2) When the commutator segment adsorbs about 10 μg of hydrocarbons, the abnormality in the commutator segment will be alleviated and the size will be small. The life of the motor can be extended. (However, this is the data when there is no continuous supply of hydrocarbons.) The results were obtained. The experimental results are shown in FIG.

Therefore, in the present invention, the above phenomenon is taken into consideration in FIGS.
As shown in the embodiment of the drawing, the felt 16 impregnated with (the chemical of the present invention) is placed in the vicinity of the commutator sliding portion inside the motor housing 15 and the bracket 14. These (chemicals of the present invention) are the most different from unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons in terms of their molecular structure, and therefore,
It is the furthest from the formation of hard black matter, which is one of the abnormal phenomena, and becomes extremely soft even if carbon is produced, reducing the sliding resistance of the commutator sliding part and commutator segment.

High temperature with high probability of abnormal phenomenon in the above configuration,
At low humidity, an atmosphere matching the vapor pressure of (the chemical of the present invention) is obtained in the motor case. The linear carbon bond or the side chain (the chemical of the present invention) having no benzene ring is strongly adsorbed on the metal surface by the polar group. This adsorption is stronger than the organic gas adsorbed by the van der Waals 'attractive force, except that the paraffins are adsorbed by the Van der Waals' attractive force.

By adsorbing (the chemical of the present invention), not only the commutator segment and brush with strong catalytic action made of Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, etc., but also that made of Cu, and the sintered carbon brush It also adsorbs on the surface and other metal surfaces, and prevents highly reactive gases (styrene monomer, toluene, etc.) from adhering to the surface. This is because (the chemical of the present invention) is strongly adsorbed with the exception of paraffins, compared with the organic gas adsorbed by the van der Waals attraction such as styrene monomer and toluene. In FIG. 6, A) a product before the test, B) a test product in a styrene monomer atmosphere, C) a test product in a toluene atmosphere,
D) shows the test results of the test product in the (chemicals of the present invention) atmosphere.

Further, those having (amino group) in the molecular structure also have rust preventive power to protect the metal from corrosion. Therefore, the metal component is stably protected for a long period of time.

Moreover, a small motor, a vertical movement switch with open / close contact structure, a relay, which has a normal operating environment of -10 ℃ to + 60 ℃,
Alternatively, in the case of an electrical contact with an electrical connection structure such as a sliding switch with a sliding contact structure or a connector, or in a sliding part where no voltage is applied, the boiling point under atmospheric pressure is 97 ° C.
It is effective from near to 290 ° C (chemicals of the present invention), and is listed as follows: 1) Paraffins (Example) 2.2.4 Trimethylpentane …… 99.2 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) n- Decane: 174.1 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) n-dodecane: 216.3 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Tetradecane: 253.6 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 2) Single -OH Group-containing monoalcohols (example) n-Propyl alcohol: 97.2 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Isobutyl alcohol: 106-109 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Isoamyl alcohol: 128-132 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atm) isobutylcarbinol …… 176-184 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atm) 3) Polyhydric alcohols with multiple —OH groups (Example) Propylene glycol 187 ℃ (1 Boiling point under atmospheric pressure) Ethylene glycol …… 197 (Boiling point at 1 atm) Diethylene glycol: 250 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) 2 Methyl 2.4 pentanediol: 197.4 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) Glycerin: 290 ° C (At 1 atm) 4) Ethers having one or more -O- bonds (example) n-butyl ether ...... 143 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Isoamyl ether ...... 173.2 ° C (at 1 atm) Boiling point) 5) Cyclic ethers (example) 1.4 dioxane: 101.4 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 1.3 dioxane: 106 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 6) Single or multiple -CO- Ketones with a bond (Example) Cyclopentanone ...... 130.7 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 2 Octanone ・ ・ ・ 174 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 2 Nonanon 195 ℃ (under 1 atmosphere) Boiling point of 2) Undecanone ...... 229 ℃ (at 1 atm Agaten) 7) one or more ether alcohols having a -OH group (Example) 1.3-dimethoxy 2-propanol ...... 169 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) diethylene glycol-monomethyl ether ...... 194.2
℃ (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether …… 195 ℃
(Boiling point at 1 atm) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether …… 230 ℃
(Boiling point at 1 atm) Tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether …… 24
2.5 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) 8) Ester alcohols having one or more -OH groups (Example) Ethyl lactate …… 154 ° C (Boiling point under 1 atm) Ethyl glycolate …… 160 ° C (Boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 2. Hydroxyethylacetate: 188 ° C (Boiling point under 1 atmosphere) L-Diethyl malate: 253 ° C (Boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 9) Single or plural -COO-bonded ester of dimethyl succinate: 195 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Ethyl octanoate: 208 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Diethyl fumarate: 214 ℃ (boiling point at 1 atm) Diethyl decanoate 242 ℃ (boiling point at 1 atm) Diethyl adipate 245 ℃ (boiling point at 1 atm) 10) Single or multiple -OH Group-containing amino alcohols (Example) Diethyl ethanolamine … 163 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Dibutylethanolamine …… 199 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) 11) Fatty acids with one or more —COOH groups (Example) Pivalic acid …… 164 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) Isocrotonic acid 169 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) Isovaleric acid 177 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) Adipic acid ...... 205.5 ° C (At 1 atm) Hexanoic acid: 205.8 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) n-octanoic acid: 239 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Crotonic acid: 189 ° C (boiling under 1 atmosphere) Points) 12) Alkyl amides having one or more —CONH-bonds (example) n-ethylacetamide: 205 ° C. (boiling point at 1 atm) 13) Having one or more —NH ₂ — bonds Primary amines (Example) 2-octane amine ...... 163 to 164 ℃ (boiling point under one atmosphere) Octyl Min: 188 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) Hexylamine: 130 ° C (boiling point at 762 mmHg) 1.6 Hexanediamine: 81.5 ° C (boiling point at 10 mmHg) 14) Single or multiple- Secondary amines with NH-bonds (example) Dibutylamine …… 160 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) 15) Tertiary amines with one or more N≡ bonds (example) Tripropylamine …… 157 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) tributylamine …… 212 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) 16) Oxy monocyclic terpenes (example) γ-terpineol …… 114-115 ° C (at 1 atm) Boiling point) β-Terpineol 209-210 ° C (Boiling point at 752 mmHg) α-Terpineol 219-221 ° C (Boiling point at 1 atm) l-Menthol …… 216.5 ° C (Sublimation at 1 atm) d-Chonow: 209 ° C (sublimation under one atmosphere).

The above-mentioned (chemicals of the present invention) is adsorbed to the electrical contacts of the electrical connection structure such as the brush, the commutator segment surface, the vertical movement switch of the opening / closing contact structure, the relay, or the sliding switch of the sliding contact structure, and the connector. Since a monomolecular film is formed, the lubricity is significantly improved, and the wear of the contact portion is significantly reduced. (The result of the experiment is shown in FIG. 5.) The example shown in the result of the experiment will be explained using the motor shown in FIG.
It is 25 mm high and has a current of 25 mA flowing through the circuit. In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the motor housing 15 is equipped with the felt 16. In FIG. 7, 17 is a rotor core, 18 is a winding wire, 19 is a permanent magnet fixed to the inner surface of the motor housing 15, and 20 and 21 are metal bearings.

The polyester felt provided inside this motor is washed and degreased with a polyfluoroethylene liquid and impregnated with (the chemical of the present invention), the (chemical of the present invention) is gradually evaporated, and a remarkable effect is obtained. I was able to do it. This felt can control the evaporation speed by changing the thickness and apparent specific gravity of the fiber. Even if a sponge of continuously foamed plastic or rubber was used instead of this felt, a remarkable effect could be obtained.

The permanent magnet 19 impregnated had a holding force of 0.1 to 0.3 g because the ferrite magnet was porous, and a remarkable effect could be obtained. Also, similarly, those blended with the plastic bracket 14, blended with the plastic commutator base, impregnated into the winding 18, blended with the oil of the metal bearings 20, 21, permanent The one impregnated between the magnet 19 and the motor housing 15, the one blended with the anti-vibration rubber 9 shown in FIG. 2, and the one impregnated with the anti-vibration rubber sticking adhesive 8 shown in FIG. It has the ability to retain chemicals and was able to obtain a remarkable effect. In addition, even in a sliding portion where no voltage is applied, it is adsorbed to the sliding portion to form a monomolecular film, so that the lubricity is extremely improved and the wear of the contact portion is significantly reduced.

In FIG. 5, A shows a rectified waveform before the test, B shows a rectified waveform after the test for 100 hours in a styrene monomer atmosphere having an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon, and C shows an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (toluene). Rectified waveform when about 10 μg is adsorbed on the commutator segment surface, D is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical agent 1 of the present invention), E is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical agent 2 of the present invention), and F is ( Rectification waveform in the atmosphere of chemical 3) of the present invention, G is a rectification waveform in the atmosphere of chemical 4 of the present invention, H is a rectification waveform in the atmosphere of chemical 5 of the present invention, and I is the present invention. Rectified waveform in the atmosphere of chemical 6), J is the rectified waveform in the atmosphere of chemical 7 of the present invention, K
Is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (invention chemical 8), L is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (invention chemical 9), M is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (invention chemical 10), and N is ( Chemicals of the present invention 1
Rectified waveform in the atmosphere of 1), O is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical substance 12 of the present invention), P is a rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical substance 13 of the present invention), and Q is (Chemical substance 14 of the present invention) R represents the rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical substance 15 of the present invention), R represents the rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical substance 15 of the present invention), and S represents the rectified waveform in the atmosphere of (Chemical substance 16 of the present invention). However, in both cases, 60 ℃, 5% RH atmosphere,
In the case of (the chemical of the present invention), a rectified waveform after 1500 hours is shown.

Further, A in FIG. 6 shows the state of the surface of the commutator before the test, B shows the state after the 100 Hr test in the atmosphere of the unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (styrene monomer), and C shows the unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (toluene). Shows the state after the 300 Hr test when about 10 μg was adsorbed on the commutator segment surface, and D shows the state after the 1500 Hr test in the atmosphere of (the chemical of the present invention). In addition, both are 60 ℃, 5%
The atmosphere is RH.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As is apparent from the above description, the present invention has the following effects.

By adsorbing 1) (the chemical of the present invention) to the sliding parts such as brushes, commutator / segment surfaces, etc., there is an effect that a lubricating action works and abnormal sliding parts and abrasion damage can be prevented.

2) Even if there is an organic gas having a benzene ring such as styrene monomer or toluene, the sliding parts such as brushes, commutator segments, etc. are protected by a film of (the chemical of the present invention) adsorbed on the surface, and The amount of generation is small, and contact failure can be prevented. Also, because it does not cause poor contact,
The generation of electrical noise is also reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a commutator sliding portion of the conventional example, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of a small motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. Fifth
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a rectified waveform of a conventional example and the present invention, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of a commutator segment surface of the conventional example and the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a small motor according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 ... commutator sliding part, 4 ... commutator segment, 16 ... felt impregnated with the chemical of the present invention.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C10M 105/20 105/24 105/26 105/34 105/36 105/38 105/58 105/62 105/68 109/00 // C10N 20:00 A 8217-4H 40:02 40:14 50:06 50:08

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The sliding part by evaporating the following chemicals having a boiling point of 97 ° C. to 290 ° C. under atmospheric pressure depending on the ambient temperature of the sliding part and adsorbing them to the surface of the member of the sliding part. Lubrication method to lubricate. 1) Paraffins 2) Monoalcohols having a single -OH group 3) Polyhydric alcohols having a plurality of -OH groups 4) Ethers having a single or a plurality of -O- bonds 5) Cyclic ethers 6) Ketones having one or more -CO- bonds 7) Ether alcohols having one or more -OH groups 8) Ester alcohols having one or more -OH groups 9) One or more -COO- bonds 10) Amino alcohols having one or more -OH groups 11) Fatty acids having one or more -COOH groups 12) Alkylamides having one or more -CONH- bonds 13) One or more -NH ₂ - primary amines 14 with binding) one or secondary amines 15 having a plurality of -NH- bond) one or a tertiary amine having a plurality of N≡ binding 16 Oxy single ring terpenes