JPH0672813B2 - Thermal detector - Google Patents
Thermal detectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0672813B2 JPH0672813B2 JP29692486A JP29692486A JPH0672813B2 JP H0672813 B2 JPH0672813 B2 JP H0672813B2 JP 29692486 A JP29692486 A JP 29692486A JP 29692486 A JP29692486 A JP 29692486A JP H0672813 B2 JPH0672813 B2 JP H0672813B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- temperature
- hollow body
- heat
- control means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、人間に快適な環境を提供する空気調和装置に
おける環境の温熱状態を検知する装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for detecting a thermal state of an environment in an air conditioner that provides a comfortable environment for humans.
従来の技術 従来この種の温熱検知装置は、第５図に示すように、発
熱体１を人体の皮膚の温度伝播率と概略一致するゼリー
状物質からなる被覆体２で被覆するとともに、前記被覆
体２の温度を検知する熱電対でなる検知体３を具備し、
前記被覆体２の外側には多数の通気孔４を有し輻射熱を
透過するポリエチレン等の樹脂で球形に成型されたカバ
ー５が設けられ、前記発熱体１への電力供給線６と、前
記検知体３からの信号線７が具備された構成の温熱検知
素子が出願されており（例えば特開昭60170731号公報）
この素子を用いて、前記電力供給線６に一定の電力を供
給しつつ、前記信号線７より環境の温熱状態に応じた信
号を得るようになっていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, a conventional heat detecting device of this type coats a heating element 1 with a coating 2 made of a jelly-like substance which substantially matches the temperature transfer coefficient of the skin of a human body, and the coating The detection body 3 including a thermocouple for detecting the temperature of the body 2 is provided,
A cover 5 formed in a spherical shape with a resin such as polyethylene having a large number of vent holes 4 and transmitting radiant heat is provided on the outside of the covering body 2, and a power supply line 6 to the heating element 1 and the detection are provided. An application has been filed for a thermal sensing element having a configuration in which a signal line 7 from the body 3 is provided (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60170731).
Using this element, while supplying a constant amount of power to the power supply line 6, a signal corresponding to the thermal state of the environment is obtained from the signal line 7.
発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながら上記のような構成では、発熱体と温度検知
体とが個々に必要である上に、ゼリー状物質という特殊
な材料を用いるため構造が複雑かつ生産性が悪い、また
常に一定の電力を温熱検知素子に供給するための定電力
供給回路及び熱電対からの信号を温度として得るため
に、基準温度接点補償・電圧増幅等の回路を含む複雑か
つ高価な回路が別に必要となるという問題点を有してい
た。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-mentioned configuration, the heating element and the temperature detecting element are separately required, and since a special material called a jelly-like substance is used, the structure is complicated and the productivity is poor. Also, in order to obtain a constant power supply circuit for constantly supplying a constant power to the temperature sensing element and a signal from the thermocouple as a temperature, a complicated and expensive circuit including a circuit such as reference temperature junction compensation and voltage amplification is required. There was a problem that it was necessary separately.
本発明はかかる従来の問題を解消するもので、少ない部
品構成と簡潔な構造による高生産性と低価格を維持しな
がら、気温・気流・輻射温の温熱的影響の一括検知及び
マイコン制御等に適した信号出力を自己発熱する素子と
簡単な回路で実現することにより、人体の温熱感覚に対
応した情報に基づいて、空気調和装置を従来に比較して
よりきめ細かく制御し、快適な温熱空間を提供すること
を目的とする。The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and while maintaining high productivity and low price with a small number of components and a simple structure, it can be used for collective detection of thermal effects of temperature, air flow, and radiant temperature, and microcomputer control. By realizing a suitable signal output with a self-heating element and a simple circuit, based on the information corresponding to the thermal sensation of the human body, the air conditioner can be controlled more finely than before and a comfortable warm space can be created. The purpose is to provide.
問題点を解決するための手段 上記問題点を解決するために本発明の温熱検知装置は、
内面が光熱に対しての反射性が良好な中空体と、前記中
空体の一部に設けた多孔状カバーと、前記中空体内部に
設けた自身の温度により電気抵抗値が変化する物質から
なる発熱素子と、前記発熱素子を一定の温度に維持する
制御手段と、前記制御手段から前記発熱素子へ供給され
る電力の変化から環境の温熱状態を判断する判断手段と
からなる構成としたものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the heat detection device of the present invention is
It is composed of a hollow body whose inner surface has good reflectivity to light and heat, a porous cover provided in a part of the hollow body, and a substance whose electric resistance value changes inside the hollow body due to its own temperature. A heating element, a control means for maintaining the heating element at a constant temperature, and a determination means for determining the thermal state of the environment from the change in the power supplied from the control means to the heating element. is there.
作用 本発明は上記した構成によって、前記発熱素子が多孔状
カバーを通して中空体内面で反射して周囲の物体、日射
と輻射熱交換するとともに周囲気流によって生じる中空
体内部の二次気流と対流熱交換を行うが、このとき前記
中空体の形状および寸法は、前記発熱素子と周囲環境と
の対流熱伝達および輻射熱伝達の割合が人体のそれと概
略一致するように形成しているため、前記発熱素子を前
記制御手段によって一定温度に維持するための負荷の大
小が人体の体温を一定に維持するための負荷に対応して
得られる。この負荷を電気信号として取り出し、この出
力から人体の温熱感覚を判断することが出来るため、こ
の判断に基づいて空気調和装置を制御することにより、
快適な空間を容易に実現することができるのである。Action The present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, in which the heat generating element reflects radiation on the inner surface of the hollow body through the porous cover and exchanges radiant heat with surrounding objects, solar radiation and convective heat exchange with the secondary airflow inside the hollow body caused by ambient airflow. However, at this time, the shape and dimensions of the hollow body are formed so that the ratios of convective heat transfer and radiant heat transfer between the heat generating element and the surrounding environment substantially match those of the human body. The magnitude of the load for maintaining the constant temperature by the control means is obtained corresponding to the load for maintaining the body temperature of the human body constant. This load is taken out as an electric signal, and the thermal sensation of the human body can be judged from this output, so by controlling the air conditioner based on this judgment,
A comfortable space can be easily realized.
実施例 以下、本発明の実施例を添付図面にもとづいて説明す
る。Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図に本発明の温熱検知装置のブロック図を示す。10
はサーミスタを用いた発熱素子であり、第２図の一部切
欠斜視図に詳しく示すように、開口率の大きなステンレ
スの多孔状カバー12を設け、光熱に対して反射性の良好
なアルミニウムで内面13が形成された中空体11から構成
されている。FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the heat detection device of the present invention. Ten
Is a heating element using a thermistor. As shown in detail in the partially cut-away perspective view of FIG. 2, a stainless porous cover 12 having a large aperture ratio is provided, and the inner surface is made of aluminum which is highly reflective to light and heat. It is composed of a hollow body 11 in which 13 is formed.
前記発熱素子10は制御手段14により、常に一定の温度に
発熱するよう制御され、このときの前記制御手段14の制
御負荷の信号から判断手段15において人体の温熱感覚に
対応する情報が得られる。The heating element 10 is controlled by the control means 14 so as to always generate heat at a constant temperature, and the determination means 15 can obtain information corresponding to the thermal sensation of the human body from the signal of the control load of the control means 14 at this time.
第３図は前記制御手段の一実施例であるが、前記発熱素
子10と、演算増幅器16及び固定抵抗器17、固定抵抗器1
8、固定抵抗器19とで前記発熱素子10の温度を一定に制
御する構成としている、回路を動作させると前記発熱素
子10は前記固定抵抗器17、前記固定抵抗器19、前記固定
抵抗器20の抵抗値と前記発熱素子10の温度−抵抗特性で
決定されるある一定温度に発熱するが、ここで環境の気
温・気流・輻射温度の何れかが変化して発熱素子の温度
を低下させるように働くと、サーミスタである発熱素子
10の抵抗が上りｂ点の電位が上昇するので、前記演算増
幅器16によりａ点とｂ点の電位差が増幅されｃ点の電位
が上昇しその結果前記発熱素子10に流れる電流が増加す
る、この電流の増加により前記発熱素子10の発熱量が大
きくなり、前記発熱素子10の温度が上昇し、元の温度で
安定する。このときｂ点あるいはｃ点の電位を前記制御
手段15に取り出して以下の処理に移行する。前記発熱素
子10の表面と環境との熱収支は次式で示される。FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the control means. The heating element 10, the operational amplifier 16, the fixed resistor 17, and the fixed resistor 1 are shown in FIG.
8.The temperature of the heating element 10 is controlled to be constant with the fixed resistor 19, and when the circuit is operated, the heating element 10 has the fixed resistor 17, the fixed resistor 19, and the fixed resistor 20. And the temperature of the heating element 10-heats to a certain temperature determined by the resistance characteristic.Here, any of the ambient air temperature, air flow, and radiant temperature is changed so that the temperature of the heating element is lowered. When working on, the thermistor heating element
Since the resistance of 10 rises and the potential at point b rises, the potential difference between points a and b is amplified by the operational amplifier 16 and the potential at point c rises, resulting in an increase in the current flowing through the heating element 10. The amount of heat generated by the heating element 10 increases due to the increase in the current, and the temperature of the heating element 10 rises and stabilizes at the original temperature. At this time, the potential at the point b or the point c is taken out to the control means 15 and the following processing is performed. The heat balance between the surface of the heating element 10 and the environment is expressed by the following equation.
Ｑ＝αｃ（Ts−Ta）＋αｒ（Ts−Tr） ……（１） ただし、 Q:発熱素子の単位表面積当りの放熱量（発熱素子の温度
を一定に制御するための負荷） αｃ：発熱素子と環境との対流熱伝達率 Ts:発熱素子の温度（一定に制御） Ta:気温 αｒ：発熱素子と環境との輻射熱伝達率 Tr:周囲輻射温度 前記内面13を放物曲線面として前記発熱素子10を前記内
面13の放物曲線面の概ね焦点の位置に設けてあることに
より、前記多孔状カバー12を通して周囲環境からの輻射
を前記発熱素子10に収束させ、また前記発熱素子10は、
周囲を中空体11により囲まれた窪みの中に設置しかつ前
記多孔状カバーを介することにより、前記発熱素子10に
直接接触する気流の速度を大きく減衰させるよう構成し
ているため、前記発熱素子10の輻射熱伝達率αｒ及び対
流熱伝達率αｃを人体の輻射熱伝達率及び平均対流熱伝
達率と概略等しくなり、前記発熱素子10を一定温度に維
持する熱負荷は、同じ環境で人体がその体温を維持する
に必要な熱負荷と高い相関が得られる。あらかじめ判断
手段15にはワンチップマイコンのROMの中にサーミスタ
の非線型性を補正するためのテーブル及び第５図に示す
ような前記制御手段14により得られる負荷信号と人体の
温熱感覚との関係を数式あるいはテーブルのかたちでも
っており、これによってその環境における気温・気流・
輻射温によって生じる人体の温熱感覚とほぼ等価な出力
が得られるので、この感覚が中立になるように空調機器
を制御すれば、常に快適な環境が維持される。上記構成
によれば、輻射に対して指向性を持つため特に注目した
い壁面等の輻射の影響を検知することができ、また、輻
射を収束して感度を高めているため相対的に発熱素子10
の形状を小さくすることが可能となり、小消費電力での
駆動が可能となる。さらに気流に対しては方向性による
影響が少なくどの方向に対しても等しく影響を検知する
ことができる。ステンレス製の多孔状カバーを用いたこ
とにより使用時に指、鉛筆等により不用意に発熱素子や
内面に傷をつけたりすることがない。Q = α c (Ts−Ta) + α r (Ts−Tr) (1) However, Q: heat radiation amount per unit surface area of the heating element (load for controlling the temperature of the heating element to be constant) α c : Convective heat transfer coefficient between the heating element and the environment Ts: Temperature of the heating element (controlled to be constant) Ta: Air temperature α r : Radiant heat transfer coefficient between the heating element and the environment Tr: Ambient radiant temperature The inner surface 13 is a parabolic curve surface As the heating element 10 is provided at a position substantially at the focal point of the parabolic curved surface of the inner surface 13, radiation from the ambient environment is converged to the heating element 10 through the porous cover 12, and the heating element is also provided. 10 is
The heat generating element is configured to greatly reduce the velocity of the airflow that is in direct contact with the heat generating element 10 by installing the periphery in the hollow surrounded by the hollow body 11 and by interposing the porous cover. The radiant heat transfer coefficient α r and the convective heat transfer coefficient α c of 10 are approximately equal to the radiant heat transfer coefficient and the average convective heat transfer coefficient of the human body, and the heat load for maintaining the heating element 10 at a constant temperature is A high correlation is obtained with the heat load required to maintain the body temperature. A table for correcting the non-linearity of the thermistor is stored in the ROM of the one-chip microcomputer in advance in the judging means 15, and the relationship between the load signal obtained by the control means 14 as shown in FIG. 5 and the thermal sensation of the human body. Is expressed in the form of a mathematical formula or table, which allows the temperature, airflow, and
Since an output almost equivalent to the thermal sensation of the human body caused by the radiant temperature can be obtained, if the air conditioner is controlled so that this sensation is neutral, a comfortable environment is always maintained. According to the above configuration, since it has directivity with respect to radiation, it is possible to detect the influence of radiation such as a wall surface of particular interest, and since the radiation is converged to increase the sensitivity, the heating element 10 is relatively provided.
It is possible to reduce the shape of the device and drive with low power consumption. Furthermore, the influence of the directionality on the air flow is small, and the influence can be detected equally in any direction. Since the porous cover made of stainless steel is used, the heating element and the inner surface are not inadvertently scratched by a finger, a pencil or the like during use.
なお、ここでは発熱素子にサーミスタを用いたが、その
代りに白金抵抗体等を用いてもよい、また、内面13は曲
面を樹脂成型しその表面にアルミニウム等の金属を蒸着
することによっても製造が可能である。内面13の曲面形
状は、単純な放物曲線のみでなく、ウィンストンミラー
のような構成も可能である。多孔状カバーはステンレス
のみならず、他の金属あるいは樹脂により構成すること
も可能である。Although a thermistor is used as the heating element here, a platinum resistor or the like may be used instead of the thermistor, and the inner surface 13 may be manufactured by resin-molding a curved surface and depositing a metal such as aluminum on the surface thereof. Is possible. The curved surface shape of the inner surface 13 is not limited to a simple parabolic curve, but a Winston mirror-like structure can be used. The porous cover may be made of not only stainless steel but also other metal or resin.
発明の効果 以上のように本発明の温熱検知装置によれば次の効果が
得られる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the heat detection device of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）輻射熱を反射しかつ多孔状カバーと共に気流を減
少させる中空体により発熱素子の対流及び輻射熱伝達率
を人体の値と概略一致することが可能でありかつ制御手
段で発熱素子を一定温度に維持する構成としているので
その負荷の大きさと人体の温熱感覚とに高い相関が得ら
れ、最適な空調機器の制御を行うことが出来る。(1) The convection and radiant heat transfer coefficient of the heating element can be substantially matched with the value of the human body by the hollow body that reflects the radiant heat and reduces the air flow together with the porous cover, and the heating element can be kept at a constant temperature by the control means. Since the configuration is maintained, a high correlation can be obtained between the magnitude of the load and the thermal sensation of the human body, and optimal control of the air conditioning equipment can be performed.
（２）環境の温熱状態を電力の変化により検知し、さら
にこれをもとに温熱状態のレベルを判断しているため、
空調機器に簡単にかつ使用し易い情報を与えることが出
来る。(2) Since the thermal state of the environment is detected by the change in electric power, and the level of the thermal state is determined based on this,
Information that is easy and easy to use can be given to the air conditioning equipment.
（３）構成が簡単なため、少ない部品点数でしかも安価
に高い性能が得られるため製造が容易であり暖冷房機器
のセンサーとして利用範囲が広い。(3) Since the configuration is simple, high performance can be obtained at a low cost with a small number of parts, and it is easy to manufacture and has a wide range of applications as a sensor for heating and cooling equipment.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の温熱検知装置を示すブロッ
ク図、第２図は同装置の発熱素子および中空体の構成を
示す一部切欠斜視図、第３図は同装置の制御手段の回路
図、第４図は同装置の判断手段での判断内容を示す特性
図、第５図は従来の温熱検知装置の検知体の構造を示す
一部切欠斜視図である。 10……発熱素子、11……中空体、12……多孔状カバー、
14……制御手段、15……判断手段。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a heat detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the structure of a heating element and a hollow body of the device, and FIG. 3 is a control means of the device. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the contents of judgment made by the judgment means of the same device, and FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the structure of the detection body of the conventional heat detection device. 10 ... Heating element, 11 ... Hollow body, 12 ... Porous cover,
14 ... Control means, 15 ... Judgment means.
Claims (2)
体と、前記中空体の一部に設けた多孔状カバーと、前記
中空体内部に設けた自身の温度により電気抵抗値が変化
する物質からなる発熱素子と、前記発熱素子を一定の温
度に維持する制御手段と、前記制御手段から前記発熱素
子へ供給される電力の変化から環境の温熱状態を判断す
る判断手段とからなる温熱検知装置。1. A hollow body having an inner surface having good reflectivity to light and heat, a porous cover provided on a part of the hollow body, and an electric resistance value depending on the temperature of the hollow body inside itself. It comprises a heating element made of a changing substance, a control means for maintaining the heating element at a constant temperature, and a judgment means for judging the thermal state of the environment from the change of the electric power supplied from the control means to the heating element. Thermal detector.
凹面形状の概略焦点に設けた特許請求の範囲第１項記載
の温熱検知装置。2. The heat detection device according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body has a concave shape, and the heat generating element is provided at a substantially focal point of the concave shape.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29692486A JPH0672813B2 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1986-12-12 | Thermal detector |
| DK647887A DK170450B1 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-09 | Thermal sensing system |
| DE8787118312T DE3774258D1 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-10 | THERMAL MEASURING DEVICE. |
| EP87118312A EP0274077B1 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-10 | Thermal sensing system |
| AU82445/87A AU592025B2 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-11 | Thermal sensing system |
| CA000554143A CA1307944C (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-11 | Thermal sensing system |
| KR1019870014219A KR920006072B1 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1987-12-12 | Heat inspection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29692486A JPH0672813B2 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1986-12-12 | Thermal detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63149518A JPS63149518A (en) | 1988-06-22 |
| JPH0672813B2 true JPH0672813B2 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
Family
ID=17839939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29692486A Expired - Fee Related JPH0672813B2 (en) | 1986-12-12 | 1986-12-12 | Thermal detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0672813B2 (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-12-12 JP JP29692486A patent/JPH0672813B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63149518A (en) | 1988-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |