JPH0672751B2 - Condenser operation monitoring method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an operation monitoring method for a condenser used in a steam power generation plant using thermal power, nuclear power, or the like.

[Background of the Invention]

The conventional operation monitoring method of the condenser, as described in JP-A-56-80692, calculates the pipe cleanliness by detecting the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature, the cooling water amount and the temperature inside the condenser, It was supposed to monitor the deterioration of performance. However, determining the pipe cleanliness from the internal temperature does not take into consideration the influence of non-condensable gas that impedes the heat transfer performance of the condenser. That is,
If a larger amount of non-condensable gas than usual flows in and stays near the surface of the cooling pipe, the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas will increase the internal pressure of the unit (the degree of vacuum will decrease), and the predetermined amount of heat transfer will occur. It will be balanced when kept. In this case, the inside temperature is lower than the saturation temperature equivalent to the inside vacuum, and if the pipe cleanliness is calculated using the inside temperature, the saturation temperature calculated from the inside vacuum is used. Will be appreciated more than.

Pipe cleanliness is generally used as an indicator of the performance of a condenser, but this is due to the nature of the calculation formula and changes due to various effects other than the contamination of condenser thin tubes. However, in order to judge the quality of the true condenser performance, it is necessary to analyze factors including factors other than fouling in the pipe. From this point of view, it is necessary to calculate the pipe cleanliness not by using the internal temperature but by using the saturation temperature corresponding to the internal vacuum degree and to consider the influence of the non-condensable gas.

Further, in the conventional performance monitoring method, the heat transmission coefficient or the deterioration of the pipe cleanliness is monitored, but in operation, the problem is that the vacuum degree of the condenser is lower than the expected value, and the cause is plant operating conditions. It is necessary to determine whether it is due to the contamination, the inside of the thin tube, or the vacuum leakage, and to take a countermeasure. These judgments are usually made by collecting and analyzing the data of air extractor performance, cooling water inlet / outlet pressure difference, cooling water inlet / outlet temperature difference, cooling water flow rate, etc. It is done and takes a lot of time.

Further, in the prior art, data detection for performance monitoring, calculation, and output of results are performed by microcomputer control, but the programming language is assembler language,
When changing the set value or the constants accompanying the specification change of the condenser, the integrated circuit or the substrate must be replaced, which is a disadvantage that the change cannot be easily made.

[Object of the Invention]

An object of the present invention is to constantly monitor whether or not the condenser is maintained in an optimum operating state at all times, and if an abnormality occurs, perform detailed analysis of the cause and take early countermeasures against the abnormality. It is to provide a method for monitoring the operation of a condenser that enables the operation.

[Outline of Invention]

The present invention detects the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature of the condenser, the cooling water amount, the in-vessel vacuum degree, the cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure, and the air extraction amount by the detecting means, and the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature, the cooling water amount and the in-vessel vacuum degree are detected. The pipe cleanliness of the condenser is calculated based on the detection value of the condenser, and the inside vacuum degree of the condenser is compared by comparing the detected inside vacuum degree with the preset inside vacuum degree of the setter. It is determined whether or not there is an abnormality, and then the calculated pipe cleanliness and the preset pipe cleanliness are compared to determine whether there is an abnormality in the pipe cleanliness of the condenser. Based on the determination result of whether there is an abnormality in cleanliness, the detected cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure is compared with a preset set cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure to determine whether there is an abnormality in the condenser cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure. Judgment, then, based on the judgment result of the presence or absence of abnormality of the cooling water inlet and outlet differential pressure of the condenser The first cause of abnormality of the condenser is determined by comparing the discharged air extraction amount with a preset set air extraction amount, and the presence / absence determination result of the cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure of the condenser is determined. Based on the above, the second cause of abnormality of the condenser is determined by comparing the detected amount of cooling water with the preset amount of cooling water, and the presence or absence of abnormality in the pipe cleanliness of the condenser is determined. Based on the result, the detected cooling water inlet / outlet temperature is compared with a preset set cooling water inlet / outlet temperature to determine a third cause of the condenser abnormality, and
Through the third abnormality cause determination result, the processing operation for removing the abnormality cause of the condenser is executed to achieve the above object.

Below, for the above set values, depending on the case, planned values,
The expected value or concretely the lower limit will be described.

Example of Invention

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a basic system of the present invention. A steam power generation plant includes a steam turbine 1, a generator 2 and a condenser 3. The condenser 3 is provided with an inlet circulating water pipe 7 and a plurality of cooling pipes 9 connected to the outlet circulating water pipe 8. Further, the condenser 3 is provided with a condenser continuous cleaning device. is set up.

The condenser continuous cleaning device collects balls through a ball collector 4, a ball circulation pump 30, a ball collector 5, a ball circulation outlet pipe 31, an inlet circulating water pipe 7, a cooling pipe 9 and an outlet circulating water pipe 8. A cleaning ball 32 is circulated in the container 4 so that the inside of each cooling pipe 9 can be cleaned when necessary.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the inlet circulating water pipe 7 and the outlet circulating water pipe 8 are respectively provided with an inlet temperature sensor 10
An outlet temperature sensor 11 is provided, and a differential pressure sensor 12 that detects a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the circulating water pipe is provided. Above the condenser 3, a pressure sensor 33 for detecting the internal pressure and temperature and a temperature sensor 16 are provided. Further, below the condenser 3, a temperature sensor 13 and an electric conductivity sensor 17 for detecting the temperature and electric conductivity of the condensate are provided. Further, the generator 2 is provided with a sensor 20 that detects the output at the power generation end. For detecting the flow rate, an ultrasonic flow sensor 18 is installed in the circulating water mother pipe 6, and an air extraction device is also used.
The Olyphus type flow rate sensors 14 and 19 are installed in the discharge pipe 15 and the condensate pipe 34.

Each detected value is input to the signal input device 22 via each converter in the relay box 21. The signal input device 22 and the microcomputer 23 are connected via a communication line. In addition, each switch 24 is connected to the microcomputer 23.
An on / off control signal from is also input.

The output device is provided with an alarm lamp 25, a digital panel meter 26, a dot recording recorder 27, a print printer 28, and a control output device 35 shown in FIG. These signal input device 22, micro computer 23, alarm lamp
25, the digital panel meter 26, the dot recording recorder 27, the print printer 28, and the control output device are micro computers.
A keyboard 36 used for dialogue with the computer 23, a character display 37, and an operation monitoring panel 38 shown in FIG.
Equipped inside. The operation monitoring panel 38 is installed in the vicinity of the condenser or in the central operation room depending on the equipment conditions of the steam power generation plant to be installed, and the operation state of the condenser 3 is centrally managed.

The operation monitoring panel is provided with a graphic panel 39 shown in FIG. 3, and this graphic panel 39 has a detected value corresponding to each part of the modeled system diagram around the condenser, or A digital panel meter 26 for displaying the calculated value and an alarm lamp 25 are provided. As shown in FIG. 4, the alarm lamps are classified according to their respective alarm contents, and three alarm colors, orange, red and green, are lit by the respective alarm lamps.

FIG. 5 shows a pre-operation preparation process of the method of the present invention based on the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, in which a condenser display 37 and a condenser 36 are used for the condenser 23, for example, the specifications of the condenser. , Cooling pipe size, number, material,
Interactively enter the planned pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc. (step 40). These values are stored in the microcomputer 23 until re-input. Next, the actual operation of the condenser is recorded (process 41), various operating modes of the steam power generation plant and the detected value characteristics corresponding to them are grasped, and an appropriate set value is set in the same manner as the design reference value by using the micro controller. Input to computer 23. (Process 42) Next, the main activation of the apparatus is performed (Process 43). When the program is executed, data is taken in in step 44 shown in FIG. This data is obtained by detecting the circulating water inlet / outlet temperature by the temperature sensors 10 and 11, the circulating water pipe inlet / outlet differential pressure detected by the differential pressure sensor 12, the pressure sensor 33, and the temperature sensor.
Internal pressure and temperature detected by 16 and temperature sensor 13
And the detected values of the condensate temperature and the electric conductivity by the electric conductivity sensor 17, the detected value of the power generation end output by the sensor 20, the detected value of the circulating water amount by the ultrasonic flow sensor 18, and the flow sensors 14, 19
Is the detected value of the air extraction amount and the condensate flow rate, and these data are input to the microcomputer 23 via the signal input device 22.

Then, in step 45, a hard check of the acquired data is performed. A change in the detected value and a hardware abnormality such as disconnection are checked from the signal level. After that, the captured data is compared with the set value set in the step 42 to judge whether or not an alarm of the captured data is necessary (step 46). Next, the measured pipe cleanliness is calculated from the detected and averaged circulating water inlet / outlet temperature, the saturation temperature corresponding to the internal pressure of the vessel, and the circulating water flow rate data (step 47). Furthermore, using the planned pipe cleanliness input in step 40, an expected vacuum degree under actual operating conditions is obtained, and a difference from the actual vacuum degree is used as a vacuum degree deviation (step 48). Further, the pressure loss between the inlet and the outlet of the circulating water is calculated according to the measured circulating water flow rate and the condenser specifications set in the step 40 to obtain the expected circulating water differential pressure (step 49).

When the above data processing is completed, the status is output (step 50).

First, if the internal pressure, that is, the detected value of the condenser vacuum is below the set lower limit, alarm lamp 25-b
Lights up in red. Next, when the calculated pipe cleanliness is lower than the set lower limit value, the alarm lamp 25-c is turned on in red. Similarly, in each of the alarm lamps shown in FIG. 4, the detected value and the set value are compared, and red or green is lit. If there is a hardware error, the corresponding alarm lamp will light orange.

Further, various values are displayed on the digital panel meter shown in FIG. 3, and various values are recorded on the dot recording recorder shown in FIG. By repeating the above routine, the operating condition of the condenser is constantly monitored. However, when the request switch, which is one of the switches 24, is pressed during the monitoring state, the print printer 28 outputs a list of all detected values at that time.

A method for actually monitoring the operation of the condenser in this embodiment will be described below. The major events that cause an abnormality in the condenser and adversely affect the steam power generation plant are
The heat exchange performance deteriorates rapidly or over time, and the degree of vacuum inside the unit falls below the expected value, reducing the overall efficiency of the plant. Secondly, material damage occurs suddenly or over time, circulating water such as seawater or industrial water injected with chemicals leaks into the condensate from the cooling pipe or the gap between the cooling pipe and the tube sheet, It is to damage the turbine etc.

There are various causes of the decrease in the degree of vacuum in the chamber, but the cause analysis method in the case of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. If the alarm lamp 25-b for the internal vacuum degree lights red (Step 5
1), which indicates an abnormally low vacuum inside the chamber, and then checks the pipe cleanliness alarm lamp 25-c (step 54). When the alarm lamp 25-c is red, it indicates that the pipe cleanliness is abnormally low, and the circulating water inlet / outlet pressure difference alarm lamps 25-i, j are tested (process 55). Alarm lamp 25-i, j
If the color is red, it means that the pressure difference is abnormal, and the circulating water amount alarm lamp 25-f is tested (process 5).
7). If the alarm lamp 25-f also shows red,
It is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is insufficient circulating water flow rate (process 61). Here, when the alarm lamp 25-f is green, it is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is the blockage due to the foreign matter in the cooling pipe (step 62). If the circulating water inlet / outlet pressure difference alarm lamps 25-i, j in step 55 are green, the air extraction flow rate alarm lamp 25-a is tested (step 56). If the alarm lamp 25-a is red, it is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is an increase in the amount of air leakage into the condenser or an abnormality in the air extraction system (step 60). Here, when the alarm lamp 25-a is green, it is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is the heat transfer performance deterioration due to the increase of the deposits in the cooling pipe (process 59). Also, the alarm lamp of the pipe cleanliness of process 54
If 25-c is green, the alarm lamps 25-g, h of the circulating water inlet / outlet temperature difference are tested (step 58). Alarm lamp
When 25-g, h is red, it is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is excessive heat of turbine exhaust (process 63). Here, when the alarm lamps 25-g and h are green, it is found that the main cause of the performance deterioration is abnormally high circulating water inlet temperature (process 6).
Four). In the first step 51, the alarm lamp 25-b for the internal vacuum degree
Even if is green, if the pipe cleanliness alarm lamp is red, the main cause of the performance deterioration is found by performing the same verifications after step 55.

Leakage of the circulating water to the condensate is monitored according to this embodiment by calibrating the condensate conductivity alarm lamp 25-d shown in FIG. When the alarm lamp 25d is red, it means that the circulating water has leaked.

In this way, when an abnormality occurs in the condenser, it is possible to analyze the details of the abnormality and its main cause. Further, the main value is immediately confirmed by the digital panel meter 26 shown in FIG. 3, and by pressing one request switch among the switches 24, all the detected values are output from the printer 28. The degree of abnormality is confirmed by the value of the data.

The application example of this embodiment is a monitoring panel for measures against abnormal condensers.
There is a high degree of centralized management that adds the function performed in 38. That is, the countermeasure process is automatically or manually performed according to the main cause of the abnormality analyzed by the alarm lamp 25. For example, when it is found that the main cause of performance deterioration is an increase in deposits in the cooling pipe, a switch for starting the operation of the continuous operation device is automatically or manually input to recover the performance, or a blockage due to foreign matter in the cooling pipe is caused. When it is found, there is a function that the switch for starting the reverse flow operation is automatically or manually input by outputting a signal to the external control device through the control output device 35. In addition, as another application example, the microcomputer 23
However, since the sequential operation data is detected, the data is stored at regular time intervals, and the stored data is automatically output from the printer 28 at every fixed time, so that the operation record of the plant or the secular change Some have made it easy to create management records such as daily reports and monthly reports for grasping.

Also, because a conversational language is used for microcomputer control,
Change the set value according to the actual operating condition of the condenser, or
The specification data can be easily changed by modifying the condenser by using the keyboard and the character display, which has the effect of realizing more realistic monitoring.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, the operating state of the condenser can be immediately grasped,
It is possible to easily determine whether or not it is in a suitable operating state, and if an abnormality occurs in the condenser, immediately search for the cause of the abnormality, and it is possible to take immediate countermeasures against the abnormality based on the search result. Therefore, it is possible to prevent serious accidents and recover abnormalities early.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 7 are drawings for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation monitoring panel of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a graphic panel diagram of the present invention, Fig. 4 is an alarm lamp diagram of the present invention, Fig. 5 is an operation preparation process diagram, and Fig. 6 is a basic process. The process diagram and FIG. 7 are process diagrams for analyzing causes of abnormalities. 1 ... Steam turbine, 2 ... Generator, 3 ... Condenser, 4
…… Ball collector, 6 …… Circulating water pipe, 9 …… Cooling pipe,
10 …… Circulating water inlet temperature sensor, 11 …… Circulating water outlet temperature sensor, 12 …… Circulating water inlet / outlet differential pressure sensor, 13 …… Condensate temperature sensor, 14 …… Air flow rate sensor, 15 …… Air extraction device,
16 …… Temperature sensor inside condensers, 17 …… Condensate conductivity sensor, 18 …… Ultrasonic circulating water flow sensor, 19 …… Condensate flow sensor, 20 …… Power generation end output sensor, 21 …… Relay box, 22 ... Signal input device, 23 ... Microcomputer, 24 ... Switches, 25 ... Alarm lamps, 26 ...
… Digital panel meters, 27 …… Dot recorder, 28…
… Printer, 30 …… Ball circulation pump, 31 …… Ball injection pipe, 32 …… Ball, 33 …… Internal pressure sensor, 34
...... Condensate piping, 35 …… Control output device, 36 …… Keyboard, 37 …… Characta display.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The cooling water inlet / outlet temperature of the condenser, the cooling water amount, the in-vessel vacuum degree, the cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure, and the air extraction amount are detected by the detecting means, and the cooling water inlet / outlet temperature, the cooling water amount, and the in-vessel vacuum are detected. The pipe cleanliness of the condenser is calculated based on the detected value of the condenser, and the inside vacuum degree of the condenser is compared by comparing the detected inside vacuum degree with the preset inside vacuum degree of the condenser. The presence or absence of abnormalities in the condenser, then determine whether there is an abnormality in the condenser pipe cleanliness by comparing the calculated pipe cleanliness and preset pipe cleanliness, Based on the result of pipe presence / absence determination,
The detected cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure is compared with a preset set cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure to determine whether there is an abnormality in the cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure of the condenser, and then to cool the condenser. Based on the determination result of abnormality of the water inlet / outlet differential pressure, the detected air extraction amount is compared with a preset set air extraction amount to determine a first cause of the condenser abnormality, and The second cause of the abnormality of the condenser is determined by comparing the detected cooling water amount with a preset set cooling water amount based on the determination result of abnormality of the cooling water inlet / outlet differential pressure of the condenser. However, based on the determination result of the presence or absence of abnormality in the pipe cleanliness of the condenser,
Comparing the detected cooling water inlet / outlet temperature with a preset set cooling water inlet / outlet temperature, a third abnormality of the condenser is detected.
The cause of the above is determined, and based on the first to third abnormality cause determination results, a processing operation of removing the cause of the abnormality of the condenser is executed, and the condenser operation monitoring is characterized. Method.