JPH0671392B2 - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating large-sized and good-flavored mushrooms in a short period of time with high yield.

[Conventional technology]

The mushroom (Hohenbuehelia serotina) grows naturally in the dead stems of broad-leaved forests from September to October in the natural world, and it has been eaten as a very tasty mushroom because of its slimy texture on the surface of the umbrella and crisp flesh. A part of the year-round cultivation is performed by using lumber, but no case of successful artificial cultivation using sawdust has been reported yet. Since ancient times, a large amount of artificially cultivated shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, nameko, and shimeji mushrooms are expected to increase the demand for mushrooms in the future due to the recent tendency of the Japanese people towards health foods.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for industrially inexpensively producing edible mushrooms, mushrooms, by artificial cultivation using a solid culture medium.

[Means for solving problems]

Briefly describing the present invention, the present invention relates to an industrially inexpensive artificial cultivation method for Mukitoke, and in the artificial cultivation of Mukittake, (A) inoculating an inoculum of Mukittake into a solid culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran as main components. Then, a pre-culture step of culturing at 15 to 30 ° C. for 33 to 50 days to obtain a fruiting body-generating group (B) The fruiting body-generating group at a humidity of 80% or more and a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C.
Medium culture step of forming fruiting body primordium from fruiting body generating group by keeping for 25 to 35 days (C) Humidity of 80% or more, temperature 10 to 20 ° C, illuminance 100 lux or more, 500 lux or less It is characterized by including each step after the post-culturing step of forming a mature fruiting body from the fruiting body primordium for 15 to 25 days.

In view of the present situation, the present inventors have made extensive studies on artificial cultivation of new edible mushrooms, and use a solid culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran as main components, or use a mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose. The present invention has been completed by discovering a technique for cultivating large mushrooms that are short-term, high-quality, and rare in nature.

In the present invention, all Basidiomycetes belonging to Mukittake can be used, but Mukittake K-3094 is particularly preferable.

The strain Mukitake K-3094 is purely isolated by the present inventors from fruit bodies that had naturally grown in dead trees in the mountains of Akita Prefecture. It is usually cultured on an Ebios agar slant medium and stored at a temperature of about 10 ° C. To do.

The strain is preferably subcultured to a new medium every 6 to 12 months.

The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and spores of this strain are as follows.

Fruit bodies are clusters and umbrellas are approximately 10 cm in diameter and fan-shaped to semi-circular. The surface is yellowish brown or dirty yellowish brown, and fine hairs are densely formed. There is gelatinous substance under the epidermis and it is easy to peel the skin. The folds are slightly yellowish white and narrow and dense. The stem reaches one side of the umbrella, and is thick and short with dense brown-yellow short hair on the surface. Spores are intestine-filled and 4 × 1 to 1.5μ.

Comparing the above features with the description published by Rokuya Imaseki and Tsugio Hongo in "Primary Color Japanese Fungi Encyclopedia" by Hoikusha (First Edition November 10, 1957), it is clear that the bacterium is Mukitake mushroom. This bacterium was sent to the Institute of Microbial Science and Technology of the Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Microbiology Research Institute
It has been deposited as No. 59 (FERM P-8559).

To explain the present invention in more detail, the pre-culture step is a preparation step for obtaining a fruiting body-generating group. In the culture, a solid culture medium is inoculated with an inoculum, and the temperature is 15 to 30 ° C., preferably around 25 ° C.,
Suitably, when the culture is carried out in a dark place and a humidity of 40 to 70%, preferably 50 to 60%, the whole culture medium is apparently filled with hyphae in 13 to 20 days. By continuing the culture under the same conditions for 20 to 30 days, a good fruiting body-generating group can be obtained. Illuminance and humidity are not particularly limited, but in a dark place, humidity 40 to 70%
Is preferred. Further, the solid culture medium in which the mycelia are filled in the whole culture medium can be newly used as an inoculum.

As a component of the solid culture medium used in the present invention, a mixture of sawdust and rice bran, which is usually used in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, soybean meal or bran, crushed barley, etc., is suitable, but preferably a mixture of sawdust and rice bran. Is preferred.
The ratio of sawdust to rice bran is 1 to 4.3: 1 to 1.4, preferably 1: 1, and the water content is 60 to 70%, preferably about 65% of the total weight of the medium.

Regarding sawdust, sawdust of coniferous trees such as cedar, cypress, larch and red pine may be used or sawdust of broad-leaved trees such as alder, birch, beech, oak, oak, zelkova and oak may be used.

Further, these coniferous / hardwood sawdust may be mixed and used at an appropriate ratio, but preferably a coniferous tree: a hardwood (1:
1) is good.

In addition, a carbon source such as cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, dextrin, glucose, xylose, and maltose, and a nitrogen source such as yeast extract, peptone, defatted soybean, and soybean powder may be added to the above solid culture medium.

In addition, inorganic salts such as phosphate, potassium salt, magnesium salt and metal salts can be added. In particular, addition of cellulose or hemicellulose has the effect of shortening the period of medium culture until formation of fruiting body primordia and increasing the number of primordia.

Powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and the like are suitable as the cellulose used in the present invention, and xylan and the like are preferably used as the hemicellulose. The amount of cellulose or hemicellulose added is 0.75 to 10%, preferably 2.3 to 3.8% of the weight of the mixture of sawdust and rice bran.
These may be added alone or in combination.

Table 1 shows the effect of addition of cellulose and hemicellulose on fruit body formation. The addition test was conducted as follows.
Hardwood sawdust (beech wood) 100 g, rice bran 90 g, tap water 350 ml, powdered cellulose or xylan [both are Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.]
Was added in an amount of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 g to prepare a solid culture medium containing 4 g of powdered cellulose and 2 g of xylan, and 2 g of powdered cellulose and 4 g of xylan according to a conventional method.
Inoculate each with 20 ml of liquid inoculum of K-3094 strain in a dark place,
After culturing for 40 days under the conditions of 25 ° C and 55% humidity, a fruiting body-generating group was obtained. Remove the plug of the generating base, and from the top of the generating base 1c
Remove the mycelium layer of m, add 20 ml of tap water to absorb water sufficiently, discard the remaining water, and culture under the conditions of illuminance 10 lux, temperature 15 ° C, humidity 90% to form fruit body primordia. The number of primordia was measured, the illuminance was further raised to 500 lux to obtain mature fruit bodies, and the yield and total cultivation days were measured.

As is clear from Table 1, the addition of powdered cellulose or xylan to the solid culture medium increases the fruit body primordia and the yield of Mukitake mushrooms. Also, the total number of cultivation days is shortened.

Next, the middle culture step is a step of obtaining a fruiting body primordium from a fruiting body generating group. That is, the fruiting body-generating group obtained in the pre-culturing step was removed by removing the stopper, and the top 1 cm of the mycelium layer was removed, and tap water 2
After adding 0 ml and letting it absorb water sufficiently, the remaining water is discarded and the illuminance is 50 lux or less and the humidity is 80% or more, preferably 85-95.
%, Temperature 10 to 20 ℃, preferably 25 to 35 under the condition of around 15 ℃
By continuing the culture for a day, the fruit body primordia are obtained. The process of removing the upper hypha layer is known to promote the glycogenolytic activity of the mycelium layer. Degradation products produced by the degradation of stored glycogen promote primordia formation.

The post-culture step is a process of forming a mature fruiting body from a fruiting body primordium. Illumination of the fruiting body primordium obtained in the medium culture process at 100
A mature fruiting body can be obtained by culturing for 15 to 25 days under conditions of a lux or more, preferably 300 to 500 lux, a humidity of 80% or more, preferably 85 to 90%, and a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C, preferably about 15 ° C.

Fruit body primordia are orange-yellow and needle-shaped, and umbrella differentiation occurs 1-2 days after development. After that, the fruiting body grows large as a whole. By the time the fruit body stops growing, it will take 17 to 27
It takes a day, but even if it is collected midway, it has a sufficient flavor and can be sold as cultivated mushrooms.

Above, 73 to 110 in all steps from pre-culture step to post-culture step
Due to the time required, a full-sized mature fruiting body with good flavor is obtained. Supplementing the method for preparing a solid culture medium by a conventional method, the solid culture medium is a mixture of hardwood or coniferous sawdust, or a mixture of both, and rice bran in a dry matter weight ratio of 1: 1.
After mixing well and adjusting the water content by adding tap water to 60 to 70%, preferably around 65%, the mixture is pressed into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml). After opening a hole having a diameter of about 8 mm facing downward from the center of the opening, stoppered with a urethane sheet and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes is used as a culture medium.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the artificial cultivation method for mushrooms according to the present invention will be shown with examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1 Glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2% KH ₂
PO ₄ of 0.05% and MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O 0.05% of Panellus Serotinus liquid medium 100m of the composition of (pH6.0) (Hohenbuehelia seroti
na) Inoculated with K-3094 strain (Microtechnology Research Institute No. 8559) at 25 ° C
Cultivated for 10 days at 40.degree. On the other hand, 50 g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood), 50 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood), 90 g of rice bran, and tap water 3
After adding 50 ml and mixing well to make it wet, press it into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml volume), punch a hole with a diameter of 8 mm downward in the center of the opening and hit it with urethane. It was stoppered and a solid culture medium was prepared. The solid culture medium is autoclaved at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes, and after cooling, about 20 ml of the above inoculum
Was artificially cultivated. In the pre-culturing step, when the cells were cultured for 17 days in the dark at a humidity of 55% and a temperature of 25 ° C., the whole culture medium was filled with mycelium, and further cultivated under the same conditions for 25 days for aging. Next, the stopper was removed, about 1 cm of the upper hypha layer of the fruiting body-generating group was removed, 20 ml of tap water was added to allow sufficient water absorption, and the remaining water was discarded, followed by medium culture.
The medium culture process is performed at an illumination of 10 Lux, humidity of 90%, and temperature of 15 ° C.
The culture was carried out for 30 days to generate 6 to 7 fruiting body primordia.
Humidity and temperature of the fruiting body primordium were not changed, and the culturing process was carried out for 20 days at an illuminance of 500 Lux to obtain a large-sized Mukitake fruiting body with good flavor. The yield of the fruiting body is per culture bottle
The total cultivation time was 92 days with 204 g.

Example 2 A mixture of 100 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood), 90 g of rice bran, and 350 ml of tap water was well mixed into a polypropylene culture bottle, and a solid culture medium was prepared according to Example 1. 20 ml of the liquid inoculum obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into the culture medium, and the medium was kept in the dark at a humidity
After culturing for 19 days at 55% and a temperature of 25 ° C, a solid culture medium for inoculum was obtained. 100 g of hardwood sawdust,
Rice bran 90 g, tap water 350 ml, powdered cellulose or xylan [both manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.] was inoculated into the solid culture medium by 8 g each, and artificial cultivation of Mukitake mushrooms was performed. A large-sized fruiting body with good flavor was obtained with a daily yield of 353 g per bottle, with xylan addition total cultivation days of 85 days, and with a yield of 296 g per bottle.

Example 3 50 g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood), 50 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood),
In accordance with Example 1, a solid culture medium was prepared by thoroughly mixing 90 g of rice bran and 350 ml of tap water with 6 g of powdered cellulose and 6 g of xylan [both manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.]. When the solid inoculum prepared in Example 2 was inoculated into the culture medium and artificial cultivation of mushrooms was carried out, 359 g of a large fruiting body with a good flavor was obtained in a total cultivation time of 80 days.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above in detail, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, there is an umami, large-sized mushroom, in a relatively short period of time,
It is possible to obtain in high yield.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Taniguchi 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Brewery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Akira Obayashi 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. In artificial cultivation of mushroom, (A) before inoculating a solid culture medium mainly composed of sawdust and rice bran with an inoculum of mushroom, before culturing at 15 to 30 ° C. for 33 to 50 days to obtain a fruiting body-generating substrate. Culturing step (B) The fruiting body generating group is at a humidity of 80% or more and a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C.
Medium culture step of forming fruiting body primordium from fruiting body generating group by keeping for 25 to 35 days (C) Humidity of 80% or more, temperature 10 to 20 ° C, illuminance 100 lux or more, 500 lux or less A post-cultivation step for forming a mature fruiting body from a fruiting body primordium for 15 to 25 days, and the above-mentioned steps are included. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the solid culture medium contains cellulose and / or hemicellulose. 3. The Mukitake is Mukitake K-3094 (FERM P-
8559), The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2.