JPH0667605A - Device and method for map processing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the device and method for map processing which are suitably used to display and analyze map data regarding a wide area. CONSTITUTION:The method and device consist of the map data base composed of a map data part 109 for various drawing, a drawing characteristic control table 114 which controls the features of the various drawing, a map data control table 110 which controls map data of the various drawing, and a constant table 111 which generates an earth model for simulating an earth shape, and a three- dimensional/three-dimensional graphic processor and a map processing basic part; and a proper process model is selected according to the characteristics of the drawing and processed. Then when it becomes difficult to analyze the process model because of restrictions of the characteristics of the process model, the analysis is changed to an analysis using another process model.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a map processing apparatus and a map processing method, and more particularly to a map processing apparatus and a map processing method suitable for displaying and analyzing map data on a wide area.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, map information processing systems using digital maps are mainly for facility management (water and sewer management, road management, facility / equipment management, etc.), city planning relations (city planning, geography / land use analysis, etc.). It has also been used in the field of surveying (photogrammetry, mapping, etc.).

These systems are, for example, the "latest map information processing system" (magazine "PIXEL", No. 7).
2, pp. 96-120, 1988), most of them correspond to the national land numerical information and the blank map data format provided by the Geographical Survey Institute.
The scales to be handled are large scale maps such as 1/2500 or medium scale maps such as 1 / 25,000 because the target area is relatively local.

Also, regarding the topographic maps, a map development plan at the national level is being planned recently, and it is expected that it will attract more and more attention.

The digital map data used in this map information processing system is a digital map of various map projections, and is largely dependent on the characteristics of the map projection. In addition, since a map is a projection onto a plane by a plurality of types of map projections, the digital map data is two-dimensional.

As described above, in the field of use of conventional map processing, since the processing area is local, the two-dimensional processing in which the surface of the earth is regarded as a plane is the center. Further, even when there is altitude value data based on contour line data, it has been limited to three-dimensional processing in which the altitude value data is processed as the height from a reference plane.

[0007]

A map is a projection of the topography and features of the earth's surface on a plane according to a certain map projection method. Each map projection has equidistant, isochoric, and conformal properties, but since it is a projection of the earth ellipsoid on a plane, it cannot hold all of these properties at the same time. In other words, focusing on one property, other properties cannot be satisfied. For example, the UTM projection method applied to large-scale and medium-scale maps divides the earth into zones at intervals of 6 degrees in order to minimize the overall distortion in distance as shown in FIG. Within this zone, the distortion is relatively small, so it is suitable for finding the distance, but conversely, the map becomes discontinuous every 6 degrees. Therefore, the map processing based on this UTM coordinate system needs to be processed within this zone every 6 degrees. Distance analysis between two points is possible only within a zone of 6 degrees, and calculation over two or more zones is difficult. Further, since the projections in the vicinity of both poles in the UTM projection are infinite, the vicinity of the poles cannot necessarily be represented on a map. As described above, each map drawing method has its own characteristic, and there is a problem that it is necessary to fully understand the characteristic when performing map processing.

Further, the digital map data is (x, y) as the position coordinates on the two-dimensional plane, or (x, y, h) when the altitude data from the two-dimensional plane is h. Expressed. In the conventional map processing, since it suffices to handle a local area, the surface of the earth is approximated to a plane, and the digital map data is directly used to perform two-dimensional display or three-dimensional display with the plane as a reference plane. . However, the plane approximation can be performed only in the local region, and thus the conventional plane approximation map processing
There is a problem that it is not suitable for displaying and analyzing a global (global scale) area. Specifically, when attempting to realize a global three-dimensional display such as a bird's-eye view for the entire earth by a conventional map processing method, the earth surface is approximated to a plane, and the display space does not have a horizon. There was a problem that it was necessary to forcibly cancel the display within a range that does not become unnatural.

An object of the present invention is to provide a map processing device and a map processing method that solve the above problems. That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a map processing apparatus and a map processing method suitable for displaying and analyzing map data on a wide area.

[0010]

The first feature of the present invention for achieving the above object is to have a constant table of an astronomical model for simulating an astronomical shape, and the surface of the astronomical model based on this constant table. The curved surface of is the reference plane for processing the map data.

A second feature of the present invention is a map drawing characteristic table for managing properties in a plurality of kinds of map drawing, their expressible range, analyzable range and drawing specific information, and a digital map based on a plurality of kinds of map drawing. It has a map data management table for managing data and means for selecting a reference map drawing method or model according to the selected and input processing.

A third feature of the present invention is that map data based on a plurality of types of map projections, data relating to the celestial structure other than the map data, and the celestial model are managed in a map database, which enables appropriate map display. Check the range and the range that can be analyzed, determine whether the process according to the map method is appropriate, and if the result of the determination is that the process according to the map method is not appropriate, perform the process based on the astronomical model. .

Further, as astronomical models, a simple model (spherical model) and an exact model (earth spheroidal model)
It is also possible to prepare and perform analysis and map display according to the processing level.

Here, the celestial body is a concept including the earth, the moon, the planets, the stars, etc., and the earth will be described below as an example.

[0015]

According to the present invention, in the analysis on one map drawing method or processing model, if the analysis becomes difficult due to the constraint due to the property of the map drawing method or processing model, the map drawing method or processing model is changed to another map drawing method or processing model. Therefore, map processing having an applicable range or an applicable range can be performed while maintaining high accuracy.

For example, an optimal processing method is obtained by holding a drawing characteristic management table that manages properties and representable ranges, analysis restrictions, drawing unique information, etc. in a plurality of types of map drawing and grasps the features of the map. be able to.

By holding the earth model and the map processing means based on the model, it is possible to perform appropriate processing even in an area that cannot be processed by the two-dimensional map data. That is, by possessing the earth model, it is possible to generate three-dimensional map data in which the earth shape is added from the two-dimensional map data and display the three-dimensional topography. In addition, by having a simple model (for example, a sphere model) and an exact model (for example, an earth spheroid model) as the earth model, it is possible to perform appropriate processing according to the processing level.

Furthermore, by combining data relating to the earth structure other than the map data (for example, the underground structure and the atmospheric structure in the air) with the map data, it is possible to perform a three-dimensional display and a three-dimensional analysis with higher utility value. .

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the map processing apparatus of this embodiment basically comprises a selection menu input section 101, a map processing basic section 102 and a display section 103.

The selection menu input section 101 comprises a target area and the contents of its processing. The target area is classified into a local area and a global area, and the contents of the processing are classified into display processing and analysis processing. A user who is an operator can appropriately select a target area and processing content according to the purpose of map processing.

The structure of the map processing basic unit 102 includes a map database 105, a processing unit for activating a program for a process instructed by an operator via the selection menu input unit 101, and a process for selecting an optimum map processing model for the process. It comprises a unit 104, a processing unit 107 for generating / constructing a processing model thereof, a processing unit 106 corresponding to actual display and analysis, and a switching processing unit 108 for switching between two-dimensional display and three-dimensional display. The switching processing unit 108 switches between the two-dimensional display and the three-dimensional display, but the two-dimensional display and the three-dimensional display may be simultaneously displayed in parallel depending on the capability of the graphic processing device described later. Only two-dimensional display or only three-dimensional display may be performed.

The map database 105 includes various projection map data parts (stores UTM projection map data, Lambert conformal conic projection map data, etc.) 109, and data parts relating to the earth structure other than the map data (underground structure and 117 for storing the atmospheric air structure and the like), a projection method management table 114 for managing features of various projections, a map data management table 110 for managing map data of various projections,
And a constant table 111 for generating an earth model for simulating the earth shape.

The constant table 111 for generating the earth model is a constant table 112 for generating a simple model in which the earth shape is simplified, and a constant table for generating an exact model for more exact modeling. And 113. In this embodiment, a spherical model is selected as the simple model and an earth ellipsoidal model is selected as the exact model.

The display unit 103 is a display unit for displaying the map data processed by the map processing basic unit 102 and the analysis result, and specifically, the two-dimensional display function unit 115 and / or
Alternatively, a graphic processing device having the function of the three-dimensional display function unit 116 is used. FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a processable range in this embodiment. Processing area 201
In comparison with the case of FIG. 3 described below, since the processing area 202 of the sphere model and the processing area 203 of the earth ellipsoid model are provided, the processable range is expanded accordingly.

FIG. 3 shows, as a comparative example, the processing region 301 in the case where the two-dimensional processing in which the surface of the earth is regarded as a plane is the center. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the processable area is local compared to the case of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of a map processing device using a computer for realizing the function shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the auxiliary storage device 404 stores map data of various projections and a program for processing the map data. Main memory 4
Reference numeral 02 provides an area for temporarily reading the map data stored in the auxiliary storage device 404 for work and for storing programs for processing the map data. The arithmetic processing unit 401 reads out the map data and
Dimensional analysis, three-dimensional analysis, coordinate conversion for two-dimensional display and three-dimensional display, determination processing, etc. are performed. The 2D / 3D graphic processing device 405 is a device that performs 2D or 3D graphic processing of graphic data such as map data. The display device 406 is a device that displays map data, processing results, and the like on the screen. Keyboard 407
And a pointing device 408 such as a mouse,
It is for performing an input operation by an operator. The system bus 403 includes an arithmetic processing unit 401 and a main storage unit 40.
A data transfer path for transmitting and receiving data between the two-dimensional / three-dimensional graphic processing device 405 and the auxiliary storage device 404. Arithmetic processing unit 401 and two-dimensional / 3
It is also possible to configure the dimensional graphic processing device 405 with one workstation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the UTM method and its discontinuity in the embodiment of the present invention. In addition, FIG.
Is a UT which is an example of the arithmetic processing in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is a figure explaining distance calculation by M projection.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, UTM (Universal Transverse) applied to large-scale and medium-scale maps.
In the Mercator projection, the earth is divided into zones 502 at intervals of 6 degrees centering on the central meridian 503 and projected onto a cylindrical projection plane 501 in order to minimize the overall distortion in distance.

Within the zone 502 of every 6 degrees, the distortion is relatively small, so that it is suitable for finding the distance, but conversely,
As indicated by reference numerals 504 and 505, the map becomes discontinuous for each zone of 6 degrees. Distance analysis between two points is 6
It is possible to calculate the distance 602 only within a zone of degrees (the upper part of FIG. 6), and to calculate the distance 60 across two or more zones.
3 is difficult (lower part of FIG. 6). Therefore, the map processing based on this UTM coordinate system needs to be calculated for each zone of 6 degrees. Further, since the projections in the vicinity of both poles in the UTM projection are infinite, the vicinity of the poles cannot necessarily be represented on a map.

As described above, each drawing method has its own characteristic, and in the case of map processing, it is necessary to perform it corresponding to the characteristic of each drawing method used in the processing.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the processing flow in this embodiment.

In step 701, the map processing program of this embodiment is started, the work area is initialized and the program is initialized, and a menu related to map processing is displayed on the screen. In step 702, steps 703 to 711 are performed until the operator gives a processing end instruction.
The above process is repeated. In step 703, either the two-dimensional map display system or the three-dimensional map display system is selected and processed based on the instruction of the operator. In step 704, a two-dimensional map display process is performed. In step 705, a three-dimensional map display process is performed. Step 7
In 06, steps 707 to 711 after the map is displayed on the screen by the two-dimensional map display process or the three-dimensional map display process are repeatedly processed. Step 70
In 7, a screen control process of the displayed map, a map analysis process, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional display mode switching process, or a process end process is selected based on an instruction from the operator. In step 708, screen control processing such as enlargement / reduction of the displayed map and screen movement is performed. In step 709, analysis processing of distance, area, volume, etc. is performed based on the map displayed on the screen. Step 7
At 10, the processing for switching between the two-dimensional map display system and the three-dimensional map display system is performed based on the operator's instruction. In step 711, the process ending process is performed according to the instruction of the operator, and the process of step 702 is ended to end the map process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Next, the coordinate management method and conversion processing using the earth model in the three-dimensional map display processing will be specifically described. In addition, the processing area that is difficult to analyze with the projection method is automatically determined, and when the analysis on the map becomes difficult due to the restrictions of the projection method, the earth model is retained so that the 3D analysis processing considering the earth shape is performed. A specific processing method for doing will be described.

The operator displays the map on the screen through the map processing system, further performs various analysis processes on the screen, further gives feedback, and continues the process. However, it is difficult for the operator to always select an appropriate map processing model and perform an appropriate processing for what he is trying to do on the map. Maps are represented by various projections and it is necessary to use them according to their use, but it is very inefficient for the operator to process them while taking into account the characteristics of maps of various projections. For example, as shown in FIG.
In the M drawing method, it is meaningless to calculate the distance in the range of 6 degrees or more because the calculation error becomes large. In the embodiment of the present invention,
We have constructed a map database that takes into account the characteristics of such map projections, and have adopted a method that automatically determines the range in which the calculation error increases.

8 to 13 show examples of the structure of the map database according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows a map data management table 801 (corresponding to reference numeral 110 in FIG. 1) that manages map data of the entire map database. Map data has a structure that is managed for each projection. The map management table 801 includes registered projection number information 805 indicating the number of projections registered in the database, and projection correspondence number information 806, which is the case number of the corresponding projection in the projection characteristic management table (reference numeral 114 in FIG. 1), and the number of scales. Information 807, scale information 808, registered map leaf number information 809 indicating the number of map leaves registered in the database, left limit value information 81 of longitude indicating each map leaf range.
0, longitude right limit value information 811, latitude upper limit value information 81
2, latitude lower limit value information 813, the map data storage destination pointer 819, and additional information 820 related to the drawing method are stored as main management items. Here, additional information 8
In the example of 20, there is a UTM zone number in the case of the UTM projection.

FIG. 9 shows a drawing characteristic management table 901 (corresponding to reference numeral 114 in FIG. 1) in which the characteristics of the drawing are classified and arranged. The main management items are total case number information 903 corresponding to the number of types of projections to be managed, projection ID information 904 for identifying the types of projections, and special projection classification information for identifying map data in a normalized coordinate system. 905, main projection classification information 906 to 911, representationable range information 91 in latitude and longitude
2 to 915, applicability to analysis of the projection (for example, distance, area, volume) and its range information 916 to 924, and projection specific information 925. Here, as an example of the projection unique information 925, the zone number in the UTM projection is used.
And the position of the reference meridian. Book table 901
Then, the drawing method ID information 904 to the drawing method specific information 925 are managed as the information 902 of the first case.

FIG. 10 shows a drawing characteristic management table 901.
As a concrete example of, a drawing characteristic management table of the UTM drawing is shown. Projection ID information for identifying the type of projection
Reference numeral 1001 is “UTM”, special projection classification information 1002 for identifying map data based on the normalized coordinate system is “0”, and main projection classification information 1003 to 1008 is “0,0,1,1,0,0”. (That is, the cylindrical projection and the equirectangular projection), the representable range information 1009 in latitude and longitude.
-1012 "0, 360, -80, 80", information 1013, 1016, 1019 indicating whether or not the distance, area, or direction of the relevant projection can be analyzed, which is a reference for the analysis possibility, and a range in the longitude and latitude directions that can be analyzed. Information 1014, 1015,
1017, 1018, 1020, 1021, projection specific information 1022 (minimum value of zone No. 1023, zone N)
o. Of the maximum value 1024, and the position 1025) of the reference meridian. Information 1013 indicating whether distance analysis is possible
(1 indicates possible, 0 indicates impossible), information 1016 indicating whether area analysis is possible (1 indicates possible, 0 indicates impossible), information 1019 indicating azimuth analysis possible (1 indicates possible, 0 indicates not) As shown in FIG. 10, in the case of the UTM projection method, it is shown that they are used for distance analysis because they are “1,0,0”.

FIG. 11 shows a drawing characteristic management table 901.
As a concrete example of the above, the case of a map of the longitude-latitude orthogonal normalization projection is taken as an example, and is shown similarly to FIG. The projection ID information 1101 for identifying the type of projection is "NRM", and the special projection classification information 1102 for identifying map data according to the normalized coordinate system is "1" (map data according to the normalized coordinate system. , The main projection classification information 110
3, "0,0,0,0,0,0" (indicating that it does not apply to any of them), latitude and longitude representable range information 1104 to 1107 "0,360, -80,80",
It is composed of information 1108 on the range of the distance, area, and azimuth, which is the reference for the analysis possibility of the projection, and projection specific information 1109.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the map data structure. The main types of map data are a line segment data table 1201, a symbol data table 1202, and a character data table 1203. These data tables are
It is classified as a common element, has altitude data, and has position data that represents the positional relationship between them.
For example, the position data is (longitude λ, latitude φ) or
The case of (x, y) is considered. Further, in the case of the UTM projection, (x, y) can be considered, and in other general projections, (λ, φ) can be considered.

FIG. 13 shows an example of the relationship of the map database structure according to the embodiment of the present invention. Projection method number 1 (reference numeral 1305) in the map data management table 1301
Is the corresponding projection A1 of the projection property management table 1302.
Associated with 308. In addition, the map data storage destination pointer 1306 of the map data management table corresponds to the “drawing leaf 1” corresponding to the map data file 1303 for each projection.
Is associated with. The projection method corresponding number 3 (reference numeral 1307) of the map data management table is associated with the corresponding projection method C (reference numeral 1310) of the projection characteristic management table 1302.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, in the map database 105 in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to generate three-dimensional map data from two-dimensional map data, and
In order to enable analysis such as appropriate distance calculation in a global area (a wide area where the whole earth is processed), the earth model constant table 111 is held.
Further, the earth model constant table 111 is classified into a simple model constant table 112 and a strict model constant table 113 in order to enable analysis and map display according to the processing level.

FIG. 14 shows a sphere model constant table which is a specific example of the simple model constant table 112. As the sphere model, three models of a triaxial arithmetic mean sphere model, a spheroid surface area equivalent sphere model, and a spheroid volume equivalent sphere model can be considered depending on the points of interest. The constant table shows that there are three models, the data of the number of sphere models "3" 1401, the data 1402 (6370.291 km) of the radius of the triaxial arithmetic mean sphere model, the data of the radius of the spheroid surface area equivalent sphere model. 1403 (6370.290 km), radius data 1404 (6370.2) of the spheroid volume equivalent spherical model
Has 83 km).

FIG. 15 shows the constant table 11 of the strict model.
3 shows a constant table of an earth ellipsoid model which is an example of No. 3. The Earth ellipsoid model includes a Bessel spheroid model 1502 and an IUGG geodetic reference system 1980 model 1
Two models of 503 are possible. In the earth ellipsoid model constant table 1501, data 1504 of the number of earth ellipsoid models indicating that there are two models, data 1505 of the major axis radius a of the Bessel spheroid model 1505 (637739)
7.155m), short axis radius b data 1506 (6356078.963
25m), data 1507 (0.006674372231315) for e ² and data 1508 (0.003342773181579) for flatness f, I
Data 1509 (6378137m) of major axis radius a and data 1510 of minor axis radius b of UGG geodetic reference system 1980 model
(6356752.3141m), e ² of the data 1511 (0.00669438
002290) and flatness f data 1512 (0.0033528106)
8118).

A method of expanding the two-dimensional map data into the earth model three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system map data in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 16, 17 and 18. It should be noted that a method of expanding data relating to the earth structure (such as underground structure and aerial atmospheric structure) other than the map data to the earth model three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system is also possible.

First, the map database (FIG. 1:10)
By referring to the map data management table of 5) (FIG. 1: 110), it is confirmed whether there is map data of the relevant projection. If there is, the map leaf of the designated map data area (FIG. 1: 109) is searched, and the map data of the map leaf of the map data file (FIG. 13: 1303) indicated by the map data storage pointer is stored in the main memory. Three-dimensional data is generated while sequentially reading the data into the device (402 in FIG. 4 :).

The earth has a flattening ratio f (flattening) of about 1 /
Since it is 300, it can be simply regarded as a sphere as the first approximation, and the earth model can be simplified. When it is not necessary to consider the flatness of the earth, the processing is performed with a simple model that regards the earth as a sphere. Further, when it is necessary to represent the earth as a geodesically strict spheroid, the processing is performed by an exact expression that regards the earth as a spheroid. The above is the selection criterion for the simple expression and the strict expression. By the selection processing 1609 based on the display request accuracy, 1610 for simple expression and 1611 for strict expression are selected.

In the case of simple expression 1610, calculation processing 160 using a simple model of the earth model (for example, sphere model) is performed.
Do 2. For example, if the latitude data is λ, the longitude data is φ, and the contour line data is h, the coordinate data of each constituent point or the reference coordinate data is A (λ, φ,
h) given in 1601. When the radius of the earth is set to r and illustrated, it becomes like a point A 1705 shown in FIG. Figure 1
From the geometrical relationship shown in 7, the desired coordinate point A (x,
The value of y, z) 1705 is calculated by the following equations (Equation 1) and (Equation 2).
And (Expression 3).

X = (r + h) sinλ (Equation 1) y = (r + h) cosλ (Equation 2) z = (r + h) sinφ (Equation 3) At this time, the value of r is the sphere model of FIG. Constant table (reference numerals 1604, 1605 and 1606 in FIG. 16)
Value) is used. For example, the data 1402 (6370.291 km) of the radius of the triaxial arithmetic mean sphere model is used.

In the case of the exact expression 1611, the calculation processing 1603 is performed by the exact model of the earth model (for example, the earth ellipsoid model).

The map data read from the auxiliary storage device (FIG. 1: 404) is A (λ, φ, h) 1601 in the same manner.
Given in. The radius of the earth is r
In the exact model of the ellipsoid of the earth shown in Fig. 8, point A is 18
Indicated by 05. From the geometrical relationship shown in FIG. 18, the value of the point A ₀ (x ₀ , y ₀ , z ₀ ) 1806 on the surface of the ellipsoid to be obtained is calculated by the following equations (Equation 4), (Equation 5) and (Equation 6). ).

X ₀ = N cos φ cosλ (Equation 4) y ₀ = N cos φ sinλ (Equation 5) z ₀ = N (1-e ² ) sin φ (Equation 6) Here, the value of N is expressed by the following equation (Equation 6) It is expressed in 7).
Further, e ² is the square of the eccentricity e (eccentricity), and in the case of the Bessel spheroid model, data 1507 (0.00667)
4372231315), and IUGG geodetic reference system 1980 model, it is data 1511 (0.00669438002290) of e ² .

N = a / √ (1-e ² sin ² φ) (Equation 7) Therefore, the value of the coordinate point (x, y, z) of the point A is as follows.

X = Ncosφcosλ + h · sinλ (Equation 8) y = Ncosφsinλ + h · cosλ (Equation 9) z = N (1-e ² ) sinφ + h · sinφ (Equation 10) As described above, the two-dimensional map data A is obtained. (Λ, φ, h) 16
01 to Earth model 3D Cartesian coordinate system map data A
It can be expanded to (x, y, z) 1612. If the constituent points can be developed in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with three-dimensional graphics, basically three-dimensional display is possible. Therefore, the map data consisting of latitude data, longitude data, and contour line data can be expressed by the formula (Equation 1). ~ (Equation 3) and (Equation 7) ~ (Equation 1)
From 0), it can be seen that three-dimensional display based on the earth model is possible.

Next, as an example of the global (global) analysis method according to this embodiment, a distance analysis in the UTM method will be described as an example.

FIG. 19 shows an outline of the processing. An input from a selection menu input unit (FIG. 1: 101) not shown in FIG. 19 selects that the target area is the global area and the processing is the analysis processing. The map data to be analyzed is displayed on the map display screen 1901, two points A and B are designated on the screen (process 1902), and the coordinate value A (x ₁ , y ₁ , n ₁ ) of the designated point is displayed. Data 1904, B
The data 1905 of (x ₂ , y ₂ , n ₂ ) is acquired (process 1903). At this time, the UTM zone No. of the figure leaf.
Is also acquired from the map data management table (FIG. 1: 110) at the same time. Next, the coordinate value is converted into the longitude / latitude that is the basis of the analysis (process 1906). Here, the coordinate value A
(X ₁ , y ₁ , n ₁ ) and the coordinate value B (x ₂ , y ₂ , n ₂ ) mean the coordinates in the UTM coordinate system. n ₁ and n ₂ are
It is a zone number in the UTM method. x ₁ and x
₂ is a coordinate value in the longitude direction in the zone, and the unit is, for example, a meter. y ₁ and y ₂ are the coordinate values in the latitude direction in the zone, and the units are the same as x ₁ and x ₂ . Regarding this coordinate transformation, for example, "Mathematical Basics of Surveying, Modern Surveying Vol. 1", pp. 1
01-pp.102, (Japan Surveyors Association, May 2, 1981)
The one described in (issued on 5th) can be used. Processing 1
At 906, the longitude / latitude coordinate values A (λ ₁ , φ ₁ ), B (λ ₂ , φ ₂ ) are obtained from the UTM / longitude / latitude coordinate conversion formula.

Next, using the drawing characteristic management table 1909, the term of distance analysis possibility determination of the UTM drawing method (FIG. 10:
1013 to 1015), the section of projection-specific information (Fig. 10:10
23 to 1025), A (λ ₁ , φ ₁ ), B previously obtained
It is determined whether or not (λ ₂ , φ ₂ ) is in the same zone with a longitude width of 6 degrees (processing 1908). If it is within the same zone with a longitude width of 6 degrees, a projection method characteristic that makes use of the characteristics of the projection Utilization processing 1911 is executed. In this case, the distance S between the two points
Is given by the equation (Equation 11) 1912, and the analysis result 19
Calculated as 16.

S = √ ((X ₂ −X ₁ ) ² + (Y ₂ −Y ₁ ) ² ) ... (Equation 11) On the contrary, when the same zone with a longitude width of 6 degrees is deviated, the processing is performed according to the drawing method. Since it is not possible, the earth model application processing 1913 for applying the earth model is executed. This processing 1913 has two models corresponding to processing levels according to the required calculation accuracy. One model is a model that can be applied uniformly to the medium to large range, but the calculation accuracy is reduced (this performs the sphere model analysis processing 1914), and the other model can be applied only to the medium range. , Instead, a model with higher accuracy (this is the average curvature radius application processing 191
5). The earth model application processing 1913 is
This is performed using the sphere model constant table 1910. The analysis result 1916 is obtained, for example, as the distance S between the two points.

FIG. 20 shows a sphere model analysis process (FIG. 19: 1).
914) shows the geometrical relationship when obtaining the distance. This model corresponds to a model in which the earth is regarded as an averaged sphere, and the radius of the sphere is constant. Basically, the property between spherical right triangles is used to find the distance between two points. The desired distance AB is S, the distance AC is b, and the distance BC is
Let a be r ′ = DA = DC = rcosφ ₁ (Equation 12) b = (rcosφ ₁ ) Δλ [rad] (Equation 13) a = r · Δφ [rad] (Equation 14) Spherical right angle From the nature of the triangle, cos (S / r) = cos (a / r) .cos (b / r) (Equation 15) S = rcos- ¹ (cos (a / r) .cos (b / r)) ... It is shown by (Equation 16).

FIG. 21 shows an average curvature radius application process (see FIG. 1).
9: 1915) is shown. This model calculates the average radius of curvature at any point on the surface of the spheroid, and is almost equivalent to the actual spheroid in the vicinity of the arbitrary point. Accurately required. Also, this radius changes dynamically according to the curvature of the surface.
When obtaining the distance between two points, this arbitrary point is selected as the middle point between the two points. This midpoint is ((λ ₁ + λ ₂ ) / 2, (φ ₁
+ Φ ₂ ) / 2). Reference "Map projection method" pp.11-
13 (Shoshichi Nomura, Japan Map Center, 1983 Nov. 11)
According to the issue on March 30, the distance S between the two points is calculated by the formula (Equation 1)
6) is obtained by applying the equation (Equation 17).

R = (a√ (1-e ² )) / (1-e ² sin ² ((φ ₁ + φ ₂ ) / 2) (Equation 17) As described above, in the present embodiment, two-dimensional If two-dimensional processing is not accurate, three-dimensional processing is performed if sufficient accuracy can be obtained by dynamic processing.
It is not necessary to configure the hardware excessively, an efficient system can be constructed, and the system can be made highly portable. Here, a specific example of the determination criteria when sufficient accuracy can be obtained by the two-dimensional processing will be described. When the tolerance of distance calculation is to be suppressed to about 0.1 km, the distance calculation range in which two-dimensional processing is possible is 0 to 230 km. Also, if you want to reduce the allowable error in distance calculation to about 1 km, the distance calculation range that allows two-dimensional processing is 0 to 500 k.
m. If the value exceeds the above range, it is determined that the two-dimensional processing is not accurate.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the data regarding the earth structure other than the map data is similarly managed by using the curved surface of the earth model as the reference plane of the data.
For example, it is possible to realize three-dimensional display and analysis in which underground structure, aerial atmospheric structure, and the like are integrated with map data, and it is possible to perform weather forecasts, geological surveys, and earthquake analysis.

Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, even when it becomes difficult to analyze the distance on the map due to the restriction of the projection method, the analysis can be performed by considering the earth shape. . Further, in the same system, it is possible to generate three-dimensional map data in which the earth shape is added from two-dimensional map data and display the three-dimensional map. Furthermore, in the analysis processing, it is possible to perform analysis that has a simple model and a strict model and that suits the processing level. Therefore, in the map processing, the same map processing system can be used from a local region to a global region, and since it is possible to display from a two-dimensional map display to a three-dimensional map display, map processing with a wide range of application can be performed accurately. It becomes possible.

According to the present embodiment, the map data of various projections and the projection property management table 114 for managing the features of various projections, the map data management table 110 for managing the map data of various projections, and the earth shape are simulated. It is composed of a map database consisting of a constant table 111 for generating an earth model for the above, a 2D / 3D graphic processor and a map processing basic unit, and selects and processes an appropriate processing model based on the characteristics of the projection method. Then, in the analysis on one processing model, if it becomes difficult to analyze from the constraint due to the property of the processing model, it can be performed by changing the analysis to another processing model, so that the application range is wide. Map processing becomes possible.

In this embodiment, the earth model has been described as an example. However, by using the map drawing method, the month to be displayed / analyzed,
The same applies to other celestial bodies such as planets and stars.

[0066]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a map processing apparatus and a map processing method suitable for displaying and analyzing map data on a wide area.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an outline of a map processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an analyzable range in map processing according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an analyzable range in map processing of a comparative example.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a computer system configuration example according to the embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of UTM projection and discontinuity in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of distance calculation by the UTM method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an overall processing flow according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a map data management table according to the embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a drawing characteristic management table according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a drawing characteristic management table example 1 (in the case of UTM drawing) in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a projection characteristic management table example 2 (in the case of a latitude / longitude orthogonal normalized map) according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a map data structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a map database structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a sphere model constant table in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an earth ellipsoid model constant table according to the embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a method of expanding map data into an earth model three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a sphere model according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of an earth ellipsoid model in the example of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a global-scale analysis processing example according to the embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a sphere model analysis process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of average curvature radius application processing according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference numeral 102 ... Map processing basic unit, 103 ... Display unit, 104 ... Process for selecting an optimum map processing model, 105 ... Map database, 106 ... Process corresponding to actual display and analysis, 107 ... Generation / construction of process model Processing, 111
... Constant table for generating the earth model, 114 ...
Graphic property management table, 401 ... Arithmetic processing device, 402
... main storage device, 403 ... system bus, 404 ... auxiliary storage device, 405 ... two-dimensional / 3-dimensional graphic processing device, 406 ... display device, 407 ... keyboard, 408 ...
Pointing device, 806 ... projection correspondence table,
906-911 ... projection classification, 925 ... projection specific information, 14
02 ... 3-axis arithmetic mean sphere model, 1403 ... spheroid surface area equivalent sphere model, 1404 ... spheroid volume equivalent sphere model, 1502 ... Bessel spheroid model, 1503
... IUGG Geodetic Reference System 1980 model.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Yuzo Akiyama 5-2-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Information & Control System Co., Ltd.

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A map data storage means for storing map data based on a predetermined map projection, a constant table storage means for storing a constant table of an astronomical model for simulating an astronomical shape, and a process for the map data are selected. A map processing apparatus comprising: a processing selection unit that performs the processing, a map data processing unit that performs the selected processing, and a display unit that displays a processing result in the map data processing unit. 2. The map processing device according to claim 1, wherein a curved surface of an astronomical model based on the constant table is processed as a reference surface for processing the map data. 3. The map projection method table according to claim 1, further comprising a map projection characteristic table for managing properties in a plurality of types of map projections, their expressible range, analyzable range, and projection specific information, and based on the map projection characteristic table. The map processing apparatus further comprises a determination unit for determining whether or not the selectively input processing is applicable. 4. The process according to claim 3, based on the determination result by the determining means,
A map processing apparatus further comprising changing means for changing to processing based on an astronomical model. 5. The map according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of models having different accuracies are stored as the celestial body model, and a selection means is provided for selecting the plurality of models according to a required level of processing. Processing equipment. 6. The map processing device according to claim 5, wherein an earth model is used as the celestial body model. 7. A map data based on a plurality of types of projections, a characteristic management table for managing the characteristics of the projections, a celestial model constant table for simulating an astronomical shape, and a processing program for performing processing based on these are stored. A second storage unit for storing the processing program and data necessary for the processing read from the first storage unit; and a second storage unit necessary for the processing based on the processing program. Comprising arithmetic processing means for processing data, display means for displaying the result of the arithmetic processing, and input means for inputting information to the arithmetic processing means, based on the characteristic management table, the result of the arithmetic processing. The map processing device, which determines whether or not the above is possible, and when the result is no, performs arithmetic processing based on a constant table of the celestial body model. 8. Map data based on a plurality of types of map projections and data relating to an astronomical model are stored in a map database, and analysis processing is performed based on a map projection selected from the plurality of types of projections. A map processing method characterized in that, based on the information in the database, it is determined whether or not the processing according to the drawing method is appropriate, and if it is determined that the processing according to the drawing method is not suitable, analysis processing based on the celestial model is performed. 9. The map processing method according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of models having different accuracies are prepared as the celestial body model, and analysis processing is performed based on the models having accuracies according to processing levels. 10. A curved surface based on an celestial model is used as a reference plane for map data management, altitude data for the corresponding map data with respect to the reference plane is held, and coordinate values taking this altitude data into consideration are converted into a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system. A map processing method characterized by displaying a three-dimensional map in consideration of the celestial shape from two-dimensional map data by possessing means. 11. The map processing method according to claim 10, wherein data relating to an astronomical structure other than the map data is managed by using a curved surface of an astronomical model as a reference plane of the data, thereby relating to the map data and the astronomical structure. A map processing method characterized by performing a three-dimensional display or analysis that fuses with data. 12. The map processing method according to claim 10, wherein the astronomical model has a simple model and a strict model to perform analysis or map display according to a processing level. A map processing method characterized by the above.