JPH0662658A - Agent for preventing accumulation of salts for soil in greenhouse - Google Patents
Agent for preventing accumulation of salts for soil in greenhouseInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0662658A JPH0662658A JP4232890A JP23289092A JPH0662658A JP H0662658 A JPH0662658 A JP H0662658A JP 4232890 A JP4232890 A JP 4232890A JP 23289092 A JP23289092 A JP 23289092A JP H0662658 A JPH0662658 A JP H0662658A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- greenhouse
- layer
- salt accumulation
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はハウス土壌用塩類集積防
止剤に関し、さらに詳しくはハウス土壌の塩類集積を防
止するために使用するハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤及び
それを用いたハウス土壌の塩類集積防止方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil, and more specifically, a salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil used for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil and a salt for greenhouse soil using the same. A method for preventing accumulation.
【０００２】[0002]
【発明の背景】近年、一年中を通して野菜や果実を収穫
するために施設栽培、特にビニールハウスを利用したハ
ウス栽培が盛んになっている。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, in-house cultivation, particularly greenhouse cultivation using a greenhouse has become popular for harvesting vegetables and fruits throughout the year.
【０００３】ビニールハウス等の施設は、冬でも室温や
地温を適度な温度に保つため、天井をビニールで覆い、
冬には石油等を燃やして温度を維持している。また、天
然の降雨が遮られるため、定期的に散水も行われ、一年
を通して野菜や果実の収穫を可能にしている。In a facility such as a vinyl house, the ceiling is covered with vinyl to keep the room temperature and the ground temperature at an appropriate temperature even in winter.
In winter, oil is burned to maintain the temperature. In addition, since natural rainfall is interrupted, watering is also carried out regularly, enabling vegetables and fruits to be harvested throughout the year.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記のように
日本においてハウス栽培が普及するとともに、ハウス内
の土壌（ハウス土壌）に高濃度の塩類が集積するという
問題が生じ、作物の収穫に影響を与えている。However, with the spread of greenhouse cultivation in Japan as described above, there arises a problem that a high concentration of salt accumulates in the soil in the greenhouse (house soil), which affects crop harvesting. Is giving.
【０００５】すなわち、ハウス内は、前述のように天井
がビニールで覆われ、天然の雨で土壌が潤わされること
はないので、人工的に散水が行われる。しかし、その散
水量は最低限作物の必要とする水量に限られ、常に少な
めの人工散水が行われる。このため、屋外の土壌におけ
るような降雨による土壌の洗脱作用が不十分であり、土
壌下層の塩類が毛細管現象により上昇する地中の水分に
よって運ばれ、地表に集積するという現象が起き易い。That is, since the ceiling is covered with vinyl as described above and the soil is not moistened by natural rain as described above, water is artificially sprinkled. However, the amount of watering is limited to the minimum amount of water required by crops, and a small amount of artificial watering is always performed. For this reason, the wash-out action of the soil due to rainfall is insufficient as in the outdoor soil, and the salt in the lower layer of the soil is apt to be carried by the moisture in the ground rising due to the capillary phenomenon and accumulate on the ground surface.
【０００６】しかも、より多くの収穫を得るために、ハ
ウス土壌には常に多めの化学肥料が施される。化学肥料
は分解するとナトリウムイオンやカルシウムイオン、硝
酸イオン等を放出し、屋外の自然の土壌ならば降雨によ
って当然に下層に洗脱されるこれらのイオン等が毛細管
現象によって逆に地表に集積し、極端な塩類土壌にな
る。Moreover, in order to obtain more crops, the greenhouse soil is always given a large amount of chemical fertilizer. When a chemical fertilizer decomposes, it releases sodium ions, calcium ions, nitrate ions, etc., and in the case of outdoor natural soil, these ions, which are naturally washed out to the lower layer by rainfall, accumulate on the ground surface due to the capillary phenomenon. Extremely salty soil.
【０００７】このような塩類土壌になると、作物への過
剰障害を起こすだけでなく、微生物相が悪化する等、根
を取り巻く土壌環境に変調を引き起こし、これが作物生
産の不安定要因の一つになっている。[0007] Such a salt soil not only causes excessive damage to crops, but also deteriorates the microbial flora and causes a change in the soil environment surrounding the roots, which is one of the unstable factors of crop production. Has become.
【０００８】従来、このような塩類集積の改良対策とし
て、灌水処理、クリーニングクロップの栽培、粗大有機
物の施用、被覆除去による除塩、さらに排土あるいは客
土等が行われていた。しかし、これらの方法は多大の労
力と経費を必要とするので、新たな方法が求められてい
た。Conventionally, as measures for improving such salt accumulation, irrigation treatment, cultivation of cleaning crops, application of coarse organic substances, salt removal by removing coating, and soil removal or soil excavation have been carried out. However, since these methods require a great deal of labor and cost, new methods have been required.
【０００９】本発明は上記のような問題点を解決するた
めになされたものであり、多大な労力や経費を要さずに
ハウス土壌の塩類集積を防止することができるハウス土
壌の塩類集積防止剤及びそれを用いたハウス土壌の塩類
集積防止方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can prevent salt accumulation in greenhouse soil without requiring a great deal of labor and expense. An object is to provide an agent and a method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil using the agent.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明のハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、実質的に疎水性を有する疎水
性粒子を主成分とするもので、その使用場所はハウス土
壌に限定されるものであり、ハウス土壌特有の上記の問
題点の解決を図ることを意図したもので、ハウス土壌内
の塩類の集積を防止する用途に限定される用途発明であ
る。That is, the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil of the present invention is mainly composed of hydrophobic particles having a substantially hydrophobic property, and its use place is limited to greenhouse soil. The present invention is intended to solve the above problems peculiar to greenhouse soils, and is a use invention limited to applications for preventing the accumulation of salts in greenhouse soils.
【００１１】前記疎水性粒子とは、例えば砂及び／又は
土の粒子を撥水剤で処理した粒子である。The hydrophobic particles are, for example, particles of sand and / or soil treated with a water repellent.
【００１２】前記撥水剤とは、例えばシリコーン系又は
フッ素系撥水剤である。The water repellent is, for example, a silicone or fluorine water repellent.
【００１３】本発明のハウス土壌の塩類集積防止方法
は、ハウス土壌の表層から一定深さに請求項１ないし請
求項４のいずれかに記載のハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
を含む塩類集積防止層を設けるものである。The method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil according to the present invention comprises a salt accumulation preventing layer containing the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4 at a certain depth from the surface layer of the house soil. Is provided.
【００１４】前記塩類集積防止層の厚さは、好ましくは
０．５〜５００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 500 mm.
【００１５】前記塩類集積防止層の厚さは、さらに好ま
しくは２０〜２００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer is more preferably in the range of 20 to 200 mm.
【００１６】以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。本発明の
ハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、実質的に疎水性を有す
る疎水性粒子を主成分とするものである。この疎水性を
示す本剤を含む層を土壌中に形成すると、塩類を含む水
分の上昇がその層で阻止され、地表に塩類が集積するの
を防止することができる。The present invention will be described in detail below. The salt accumulation preventive agent for greenhouse soil of the present invention contains hydrophobic particles having substantially hydrophobicity as a main component. When a layer containing this agent showing this hydrophobic property is formed in the soil, the rise of water containing salts is prevented in the layer, and it is possible to prevent the accumulation of salts on the ground surface.
【００１７】この疎水性粒子は粒子状のものであればよ
く、その材料は無機系あるいは有機系を問わず、いかな
るものも利用可能である。また、疎水性とはいわゆる撥
水性をも含む概念である。The hydrophobic particles may be particles, and any material can be used regardless of whether they are inorganic or organic. Further, hydrophobicity is a concept including so-called water repellency.
【００１８】本発明のハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、
前記疎水性粒子を主体的に含んでいればよく、他の性質
を有する粒子が混合していても全体として本剤の効果で
ある疎水性の性質が失われていなければ本発明の範囲で
ある。The salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil of the present invention is
It suffices that the hydrophobic particles are mainly contained, and even if particles having other properties are mixed, as long as the hydrophobic property which is the effect of the present agent is not lost as a whole, it is within the scope of the present invention. .
【００１９】疎水性粒子は、砂や土の粒子表面を撥水剤
で処理したものが実用的である。これらを単独あるいは
混合して用いることが出来るが、特に砂を撥水剤で処理
した撥水砂が好ましい。The hydrophobic particles are practically obtained by treating the surface of sand or soil particles with a water repellent. These may be used alone or as a mixture, but water-repellent sand obtained by treating sand with a water-repellent agent is particularly preferable.
【００２０】使用される撥水剤としては、一般に撥水剤
として使用されているものであれば特に限定されずに利
用できるが、特にはシリコーン系、フッ素系のものが好
ましい。なかでも、シリコーン系のものが撥水性能及び
経済的観点からみて特に好ましい。The water repellent used is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a water repellent, but silicone type and fluorine type are particularly preferable. Among them, silicone type is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of water repellency and economics.
【００２１】上述したハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤を用
いてハウス土壌の塩類の集積を防止する場合は、ハウス
土壌の表層から一定深さにハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
を含む塩類集積防止層を設ける。この塩類集積防止層は
疎水性を示すので、ここで塩類を含む水分の上昇が阻止
され、地表に塩類が集積するのを防止することができ
る。When the above-mentioned salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil is used to prevent the accumulation of salts in the greenhouse soil, a salt accumulation prevention layer containing the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil is formed at a certain depth from the surface layer of the greenhouse soil. Set up. Since this salt accumulation prevention layer exhibits hydrophobicity, it is possible to prevent the water containing the salt from rising and prevent salts from accumulating on the ground surface.
【００２２】この塩類集積防止層は、本発明のハウス土
壌用塩類集積防止剤を主体的に含んでいればよく、層全
体として本剤の効果である疎水性の性質が失われない限
り、他の有用な性質を有する粒子と混合して層を構成し
てもよい。The salt accumulation preventive layer may mainly contain the salt accumulation preventive agent for greenhouse soil of the present invention, and as long as the hydrophobic property which is the effect of the present agent is not lost as a whole layer, May be mixed with particles having the useful properties of
【００２３】また、この塩類集積防止層の厚さは、塩類
集積の度合いに応じて適宜変更することができるが、好
ましくは０．５〜５００ｍｍの範囲であり、さらに好ま
しくは１０〜２００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer can be appropriately changed according to the degree of salt accumulation, but it is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 500 mm, more preferably 10 to 200 mm. Is.
【００２４】なお、特に水を必要とする作物を栽培する
場合は、塩類集積防止層の上層に保水層を設けるのもよ
い。この保水層は、水を保持した砂層で構成することも
できるが、任意の保水剤を土壌に含有させることによっ
て得ることもできる。保水剤としては、例えばピートモ
スや吸水ポリマー、保水ポリマーで処理した砂又は土壌
等が挙げられる。When cultivating a crop that requires water, a water retention layer may be provided above the salt accumulation prevention layer. The water retention layer can be formed of a sand layer that retains water, or can be obtained by incorporating an arbitrary water retention agent into the soil. Examples of the water retaining agent include peat moss, a water absorbing polymer, sand or soil treated with the water retaining polymer, and the like.
【００２５】[0025]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例を挙げて説明するが、本
発明は特にこれに限定されるものではなく、種々の変更
が可能である。EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples and various modifications can be made.
【００２６】［ハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤の作製］撥
水砂からなるハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、例えば次
のようにして得ることができる。まず、７号珪砂１００
０ｇｒに対し、３％のモノデシル・トリクロロシランを
含むヘキサン１００ｇｒを加え、容積が２リットルの真
空ジャケット付ブレンダーを用いて８時間混合攪拌す
る。その後、真空下でヘキサンを回収し、１００℃で２
時間加熱する。このようにして撥水砂からなるハウス土
壌用塩類集積防止剤が得られる。これを用い、次の実験
を行った。[Preparation of salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil] A salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil composed of water repellent sand can be obtained, for example, as follows. First, No. 7 silica sand 100
To 0 gr, 100 gr of hexane containing 3% monodecyl trichlorosilane was added, and mixed and stirred for 8 hours using a blender with a vacuum jacket having a volume of 2 liters. Then, the hexane was recovered under vacuum, and the hexane was recovered at 100 ° C.
Heat for hours. In this way, a salt accumulation preventive agent for house soil composed of water-repellent sand is obtained. Using this, the following experiment was conducted.
【００２７】［塩類集積度の測定］畑地土壌（沖積土）
１００ｇｒを２５０ｍｌのビーカーに入れ、高度化成肥
料（１５−１５−１５）を水に溶解して１０％水溶液を
作り、この溶液を前記畑地土壌が浸るまでビーカー中に
加え、湿潤層を作る。[Measurement of degree of salt accumulation] Upland soil (alluvial soil)
100 gr is put into a 250 ml beaker, advanced chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) is dissolved in water to make a 10% aqueous solution, and this solution is added to the beaker until the upland soil is soaked to form a wet layer.
【００２８】この湿潤層の上に、前記のように作製した
ハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤（撥水砂）を１５０ｇｒ乗
せて塩類集積防止層を作り、これを実施例とする。On this wet layer, the salt accumulation preventive agent for house soil (water repellent sand) prepared as described above was placed on the grinder for 150 gr to form a salt accumulation preventive layer, which is an example.
【００２９】一方、撥水処理がされていない通常の砂
（ブランク）１５０ｇｒを前記湿潤層の上に乗せて砂層
としてものを別に作り、これを比較例とする。On the other hand, 150 gr of ordinary sand (blank) which has not been subjected to water repellent treatment is placed on the wet layer to form another sand layer, which is used as a comparative example.
【００３０】実施例及び比較例の土壌層を２５℃に保た
れた恒温室でエージングし、各土壌層の重量変化と塩類
の析出の度合いを観察した。The soil layers of Examples and Comparative Examples were aged in a constant temperature room kept at 25 ° C., and the change in weight of each soil layer and the degree of salt precipitation were observed.
【００３１】その結果、２５０時間のエージング後に
は、比較例の土壌層ではその表面に肥料から溶出した塩
類が析出しているのが観察された。As a result, after aging for 250 hours, it was observed that salts eluted from the fertilizer were deposited on the surface of the soil layer of the comparative example.
【００３２】これに対し、実施例の土壌層では、ハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤が湿潤層の水分を完全に撥水して
いた。そして、湿潤層と塩類集積防止層の２層ははっき
りと分れたままであり、湿潤層は濡れていたのに対し、
塩類集積防止層は乾いたままであった。また、土壌表面
からは塩類の析出が認められなかった。On the other hand, in the soil layers of the examples, the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil completely repelled the water in the wet layer. The two layers, the wetting layer and the salt accumulation prevention layer, were still clearly separated, whereas the wetting layer was wet.
The salt accumulation preventing layer remained dry. In addition, no precipitation of salts was observed from the soil surface.
【００３３】このように、ハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
の疎水性ないし撥水性がはっきりと認められ、塩類集積
防止の効果が顕著であることが分かった。As described above, the hydrophobicity or water repellency of the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil was clearly recognized, and it was found that the effect of preventing salt accumulation was remarkable.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】以上説明した通り本発明によれば、ハウ
ス土壌の塩類の集積を容易に防止することができ、ハウ
ス栽培による作物収穫の増大に寄与するものである。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily prevent the accumulation of salts in the greenhouse soil, which contributes to an increase in crop yield due to greenhouse cultivation.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成４年１２月２６日[Submission date] December 26, 1992
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】発明の詳細な説明[Name of item to be amended] Detailed explanation of the invention
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はハウス土壌用塩類集積防
止剤に関し、さらに詳しくはハウス土壌の塩類集積を防
止するために使用するハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤及び
それを用いたハウス土壌の塩類集積防止方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil, and more specifically, a salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil used for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil and a salt for greenhouse soil using the same. A method for preventing accumulation.
【０００２】[0002]
【発明の背景】近年、一年中を通して野菜や果実を収穫
するために施設栽培、特にビニールハウスを利用したハ
ウス栽培が盛んになっている。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, in-house cultivation, particularly greenhouse cultivation using a greenhouse has become popular for harvesting vegetables and fruits throughout the year.
【０００３】ビニールハウス等の施設は、冬でも室温や
地温を適度な温度に保つため、天井をビニールで覆い、
冬には石油等を燃やして温度を維持している。また、天
然の降雨が遮られるため、定期的に散水も行われ、一年
を通して野菜や果実の収穫を可能にしている。In a facility such as a vinyl house, the ceiling is covered with vinyl to keep the room temperature and the ground temperature at an appropriate temperature even in winter.
In winter, oil is burned to maintain the temperature. In addition, since natural rainfall is interrupted, watering is also carried out regularly, enabling vegetables and fruits to be harvested throughout the year.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記のように
日本においてハウス栽培が普及するとともに、ハウス内
の土壌（ハウス土壌）に高濃度の塩類が集積するという
問題が生じ、作物の収穫に影響を与えている。However, with the spread of greenhouse cultivation in Japan as described above, there arises a problem that a high concentration of salt accumulates in the soil in the greenhouse (house soil), which affects crop harvesting. Is giving.
【０００５】すなわち、ハウス内は、前述のように天井
がビニールで覆われ、天然の雨で土壌が潤わされること
はないので、人工的に散水が行われる。しかし、その散
水量は最低限作物の必要とする水量に限られ、常に少な
めの人工散水が行われる。このため、屋外の土壌におけ
るような降雨による土壌の洗脱作用が不十分であり、土
壌下層の塩類が毛細管現象により上昇する地中の水分に
よって運ばれ、地表に集積するという現象が起き易い。
特にドリップ散水でなく、間欠散水の時は土壌中で水分
の上下動が起こり、塩類の集積が激しい。That is, since the ceiling is covered with vinyl as described above and the soil is not moistened by natural rain as described above, water is artificially sprinkled. However, the amount of watering is limited to the minimum amount of water required by crops, and a small amount of artificial watering is always performed. For this reason, the wash-out action of the soil due to rainfall is insufficient as in the outdoor soil, and the salt in the lower layer of the soil is apt to be carried by the moisture in the ground rising due to the capillary phenomenon and accumulate on the ground surface.
In particular, when water is intermittently sprinkled instead of drip water, up and down movement of water occurs in the soil, resulting in severe salt accumulation.
【０００６】しかも、より多くの収穫を得るために、ハ
ウス土壌には常に多めの化学肥料が施される。化学肥料
は分解するとナトリウムイオンやカルシウムイオン、硝
酸イオン等を放出し、屋外の自然の土壌ならば降雨によ
って当然に下層に洗脱されるこれらのイオン等が毛細管
現象によって逆に地表に集積し、極端な塩類土壌にな
る。Moreover, in order to obtain more crops, the greenhouse soil is always given a large amount of chemical fertilizer. When a chemical fertilizer decomposes, it releases sodium ions, calcium ions, nitrate ions, etc., and in the case of outdoor natural soil, these ions, which are naturally washed out to the lower layer by rainfall, accumulate on the ground surface due to the capillary phenomenon. Extremely salty soil.
【０００７】このような塩類土壌になると、作物への過
剰障害を起こすだけでなく、微生物相が悪化する等、根
を取り巻く土壌環境に変調を引き起こし、これが作物生
産の不安定要因の一つになっている。[0007] Such a salt soil not only causes excessive damage to crops, but also deteriorates the microbial flora and causes a change in the soil environment surrounding the roots, which is one of the unstable factors of crop production. Has become.
【０００８】従来、このような塩類集積の改良対策とし
て、灌水処理、クリーニングクロップの栽培、粗大有機
物の施用、被覆除去による除塩、さらに排土あるいは客
土等が行われていた。しかし、これらの方法は多大の労
力と経費を必要とするので、新たな方法が求められてい
た。Conventionally, as measures for improving such salt accumulation, irrigation treatment, cultivation of cleaning crops, application of coarse organic substances, salt removal by removing coating, and soil removal or soil excavation have been carried out. However, since these methods require a great deal of labor and cost, new methods have been required.
【０００９】本発明は上記のような問題点を解決するた
めになされたものであり、多大な労力や経費を要さずに
ハウス土壌の塩類集積を防止することができるハウス土
壌の塩類集積防止剤及びそれを用いたハウス土壌の塩類
集積防止方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can prevent salt accumulation in greenhouse soil without requiring a great deal of labor and expense. An object is to provide an agent and a method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil using the agent.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明のハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、実質的に疎水性を有する疎水
性粒子を主成分とするもので、その使用場所はハウス土
壌に限定されるものであり、ハウス土壌特有の上記の問
題点の解決を図ることを意図したもので、ハウス土壌内
の塩類の集積を防止する用途に限定される用途発明であ
る。That is, the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil of the present invention is mainly composed of hydrophobic particles having a substantially hydrophobic property, and its use place is limited to greenhouse soil. The present invention is intended to solve the above problems peculiar to greenhouse soils, and is a use invention limited to applications for preventing the accumulation of salts in greenhouse soils.
【００１１】本発明の大きな特徴は、表面より蒸発する
水分を著しく減ずることができることである。特に、上
下に２つの撥水層を設けた時に特に効果が著しい。A major feature of the present invention is that water vaporized from the surface can be significantly reduced. In particular, the effect is particularly remarkable when two water repellent layers are provided on the upper and lower sides.
【００１２】前記疎水性粒子とは、例えば砂及び／又は
土の粒子を撥水剤で処理した粒子である。The hydrophobic particles are, for example, particles of sand and / or soil treated with a water repellent.
【００１３】前記撥水剤とは、例えばシリコーン系又は
フッ素系撥水剤である。The water repellent agent is, for example, a silicone or fluorine water repellent agent.
【００１４】本発明のハウス土壌の塩類集積防止方法
は、ハウス土壌の表層から一定深さに請求項１ないし請
求項４のいずれかに記載のハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
を含む塩類集積防止層を設けるものである。The method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil according to the present invention comprises a salt accumulation preventive layer containing the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4 at a certain depth from the surface layer of the house soil. Is provided.
【００１５】前記塩類集積防止層の厚さは、好ましくは
０．５〜５００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 500 mm.
【００１６】前記塩類集積防止層の厚さは、さらに好ま
しくは１０〜２００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer is more preferably in the range of 10 to 200 mm.
【００１７】以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。本発明の
ハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、実質的に疎水性を有す
る疎水性粒子を主成分とするものである。この疎水性を
示す本剤を含む層を土壌中に形成すると、塩類を含む水
分の上昇がその層で阻止され、地表に塩類が集積するの
を防止することができる。The present invention will be described in detail below. The salt accumulation preventive agent for greenhouse soil of the present invention contains hydrophobic particles having substantially hydrophobicity as a main component. When a layer containing this agent showing this hydrophobic property is formed in the soil, the rise of water containing salts is prevented in the layer, and it is possible to prevent the accumulation of salts on the ground surface.
【００１８】この疎水性粒子は粒子状のものであればよ
く、その材料は無機系あるいは有機系を問わず、いかな
るものも利用可能である。また、疎水性とはいわゆる撥
水性をも含む概念である。The hydrophobic particles may be particles, and any material can be used regardless of whether they are inorganic or organic. Further, hydrophobicity is a concept including so-called water repellency.
【００１９】本発明のハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤は、
前記疎水性粒子を主体的に含んでいればよく、他の性質
を有する粒子が混合していても全体として本剤の効果で
ある疎水性の性質が失われていなければ本発明の範囲で
ある。The salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil of the present invention is
It suffices that the hydrophobic particles are mainly contained, and even if particles having other properties are mixed, as long as the hydrophobic property which is the effect of the present agent is not lost as a whole, it is within the scope of the present invention. .
【００２０】疎水性粒子は、砂や土の粒子表面を撥水剤
で処理したものが実用的である。これらを単独あるいは
混合して用いることが出来るが、特に砂を撥水剤で処理
した撥水砂が好ましい。The hydrophobic particles are practically obtained by treating the surface of sand or soil particles with a water repellent. These may be used alone or as a mixture, but water-repellent sand obtained by treating sand with a water-repellent agent is particularly preferable.
【００２１】使用される撥水剤としては、一般に撥水剤
として使用されているものであれば特に限定されずに利
用できるが、特にはシリコーン系、フッ素系のものが好
ましい。なかでも、シリコーン系のものが撥水性能及び
経済的観点からみて特に好ましい。The water repellent used is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a water repellent, but silicone type and fluorine type are particularly preferable. Among them, silicone type is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of water repellency and economics.
【００２２】シリコーン系撥水剤としては、例えば、次
の一般式〔化１〕であらわされるシリコーン化合物が挙
げられ、このまま直接（無溶剤）又はトルエン、キシレ
ン、トリクレンなどの溶剤に希釈して、あるいはエマル
ジョンタイプとして使用する。また、ジブチルスズジラ
ウレート、ジブチルスズジアセテート、ジオクチルスズ
ラウレート、鉄オクテートなどの硬化触媒を使用しても
よい。Examples of the silicone-based water repellent include silicone compounds represented by the following general formula [Chemical formula 1], which are directly (without solvent) or diluted with a solvent such as toluene, xylene, trichlene, Alternatively, it is used as an emulsion type. Further, a curing catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dioctyltin laurate, iron octate may be used.
【００２３】[0023]
【化１】 Ｒ１ａＲ２ｂＳｉＯｘ ［Ｒ１は同種又は異種の非置換又は置換１価炭化水素
基；Ｒ２は加水分解可能な基、−ＯＨ又は−Ｈから選択
される同種又は異種の基；ａ、ｂは、０≦ａ＜４、０≦
ｂ≦４、０＜ａ＋ｂ≦４で示される数； ｘ＝（４−ａ−ｂ）／２ を表わす。］Embedded image R 1 aR 2 bSiOx [R 1 is the same or different, unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group; R 2 is the same or different group selected from a hydrolyzable group, —OH or —H A and b are 0 ≦ a <4, 0 ≦
A number represented by b ≦ 4 and 0 <a + b ≦ 4; x = (4-a−b) / 2. ]
【００２４】例えば、一般式〔化１〕で、Ｒ１は、メチ
ル基、エチル基、プロピル基、デシル基などの炭素数１
〜１５のアルキル基、ビニル基、アリル基などのアルケ
ニル基、フェニル基などのアリール基、シクロアルキル
基、ＣＨ３ＣＨ２ＣＨ２−などの上記の基の炭素原子に
結合した水素原子の一部又は全部をハロゲン原子又シア
ノ基などで置換した基である。For example, in the general formula [Chemical formula 1], R 1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a decyl group or the like and has 1 carbon atom.
To a part of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms of the above groups such as an alkyl group, a vinyl group, an alkenyl group such as an allyl group, an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —. Alternatively, it is a group in which all are substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.
【００２５】また、Ｒ２は、アルコキシ基、アシロキシ
基、ケトキシム基、アミノ基、アミノキシ基、アミド
基、エノキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基などの加水分解可
能な基、塩素などのハロゲン基、−ＯＲ３（Ｒ３はＮａ
又はＫ）、−ＯＨ、−Ｈなどである。R 2 is a hydrolyzable group such as an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a ketoxime group, an amino group, an aminoxy group, an amido group, an enoxy group or an alkenyloxy group, a halogen group such as chlorine, or —OR 3 (R 3 is Na
Or K), -OH, -H and the like.
【００２６】具体的なシリコーン化合物としては、例え
ば〔化２〕から〔化５〕で示される次の化合物が使用さ
れる。As specific silicone compounds, for example, the following compounds represented by [Chemical formula 2] to [Chemical formula 5] are used.
【化２】 ＨＯ−Ｓｉ（ＯＮａ）（ＣＨ３）−［ＯＳｉ
（ＯＮａ）ＣＨ３］ｎ−ＯＨ （ｎ：０，１，２）## STR2 ## HO-Si (ONa) (CH 3) - [OSi
(ONa) CH 3 ] n-OH (n: 0, 1, 2)
【化３】 ＣＨ３−［ＳｉＯ（ＣＨ３）２］ｍ−［Ｓｉ
Ｏ（Ｈ）（ＣＨ３）］１−Ｓｉ（ＣＨ３）３ （１，ｍ：０又は整数）Embedded image CH 3 — [SiO (CH 3 ) 2 ] m- [Si
O (H) (CH 3) ] 1 -Si (CH 3) 3 (1, m: 0 or an integer)
【化４】 Ｒ４−［ＳｉＯ（ＣＨ３）２］ｋ−Ｓｉ（Ｃ
Ｈ３）２Ｒ４ （Ｋ：整数、Ｒ４：−ＯＨ、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ２、−ＯＣＨ
３）Embedded image R 4 — [SiO (CH 3 ) 2 ] k-Si (C
H 3) 2 R 4 (K : integer, R 4: -OH, -CH = CH 2, -OCH
3 )
【化５】 ＣＨ３ＳｉＣｌ３、Ｃ１０Ｈ２１ＳｉＣ
ｌ３、ＣＦ３ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＳｉＣｌ３、ＣＨ３Ｓｉ（Ｏ
ＣＨ３）３又はこの部分加水分解物 また、Embedded image CH 3 SiCl 3 , C 10 H 21 SiC
l 3 , CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 SiCl 3 , CH 3 Si (O
CH 3 ) 3 or a partial hydrolyzate thereof,
【化６】 （ＣＨ３）３ＳｉＮＨ−Ｓｉ（ＣＨ３）３ のシラザン化合物も本発明に使用される撥水剤として有
用である。Embedded image A silazane compound of (CH 3 ) 3 SiNH—Si (CH 3 ) 3 is also useful as the water repellent used in the present invention.
【００２７】砂や土の粒子の撥水剤による表面処理方法
としては、通常、粉体の表面処理に用いられている方法
に従えばよい。例えば、メカノケミカルな方法で各種シ
リコーン油と砂を混合して表面処理を行ない、疎水性粒
子を製造することが可能である。As a surface treatment method for the particles of sand or soil with a water repellent, a method generally used for surface treatment of powder may be used. For example, it is possible to produce hydrophobic particles by mixing various silicone oils and sand by a mechanochemical method and performing surface treatment.
【００２８】疎水性粒子として上記した撥水砂などの外
に、表面が疎水性である高分子ポリマー（プラスチッ
ク）の微粒子が利用できる。なかでも、オルガノシリコ
ーン系のものが好ましく、ポリメチルシルセスキオキサ
ンが特に好ましい。In addition to the water repellent sand described above as the hydrophobic particles, fine particles of a high molecular weight polymer (plastic) having a hydrophobic surface can be used. Of these, organosilicone-based compounds are preferable, and polymethylsilsesquioxane is particularly preferable.
【００２９】また、例えば廃プラスチックを粒子状に粉
砕したものを利用することも出来、これによって廃プラ
スチックの有効利用が行なわれ廃プラスチックのゴミ処
理問題が解決される。これらの高分子ポリマーをさらに
撥水処理して用いることも可能である。Further, it is also possible to use, for example, pulverized waste plastics in the form of particles, whereby the waste plastics are effectively used and the waste disposal problem of the waste plastics is solved. It is also possible to use these high molecular weight polymers after water repellent treatment.
【００３０】なお、具体例として上述した疎水性粒子以
外にも、例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコ
ニア、酢酸バナジウム、酸化鉄等の疎水性粒状金属酸化
物、ガラスビーズ、オイルシェルの粉砕品、オイルサン
ド等の疎水性粒子も利用できることは言うまでもない
が、特には、これらの表面がシリコーン系撥水剤で処理
されたものが更に好ましい。ただし、オイルシェル、オ
イルサンドはシリコーン処理しないものでも有効に用い
ることができる。In addition to the above-described hydrophobic particles as specific examples, for example, hydrophobic granular metal oxides such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, vanadium acetate, iron oxide, glass beads, crushed oil shells, Needless to say, hydrophobic particles such as oil sand can be used, but in particular, those whose surface is treated with a silicone water repellent are more preferable. However, the oil shell and the oil sand can be effectively used even if they are not treated with silicone.
【００３１】上述したハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤を用
いてハウス土壌の塩類の集積を防止する場合は、ハウス
土壌の表層から一定深さにハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
を含む塩類集積防止層を設ける。この塩類集積防止層は
疎水性を示すので、ここで塩類を含む水分の上昇が阻止
され、地表に塩類が集積するのを防止することができ
る。When the above-mentioned salt accumulation inhibitor for house soil is used to prevent the accumulation of salts in the house soil, a salt accumulation prevention layer containing the salt accumulation inhibitor for house soil is provided at a certain depth from the surface layer of the house soil. Set up. Since this salt accumulation prevention layer exhibits hydrophobicity, it is possible to prevent the water containing the salt from rising and prevent salts from accumulating on the ground surface.
【００３２】この塩類集積防止層は、本発明のハウス土
壌用塩類集積防止剤を主体的に含んでいればよく、層全
体として本剤の効果である疎水性の性質が失われない限
り、他の有用な性質を有する粒子と混合して層を構成し
てもよい。This salt accumulation preventive layer may mainly contain the salt accumulation preventive agent for greenhouse soil of the present invention, and as long as the hydrophobic property which is the effect of the present agent is not lost as a whole layer, May be mixed with particles having the useful properties of
【００３３】また、この塩類集積防止層の厚さは、塩類
集積の度合いに応じて適宜変更することができるが、好
ましくは０．５〜５００ｍｍの範囲であり、さらに好ま
しくは１０〜２００ｍｍの範囲である。The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer can be appropriately changed according to the degree of salt accumulation, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 500 mm, more preferably 10 to 200 mm. Is.
【００３４】なお、特に水を必要とする作物を栽培する
場合は、塩類集積防止層の上層に保水層を設けるのもよ
い。この保水層は、水を保持した砂層で構成することも
できるが、任意の保水剤を土壌に含有させることによっ
て得ることもできる。保水剤としては、例えばピートモ
スや吸水ポリマー、保水ポリマーで処理した砂又は土壌
等が挙げられる。When cultivating a crop that requires water, a water retention layer may be provided above the salt accumulation prevention layer. The water retention layer can be formed of a sand layer that retains water, or can be obtained by incorporating an arbitrary water retention agent into the soil. Examples of the water retaining agent include peat moss, a water absorbing polymer, sand or soil treated with the water retaining polymer, and the like.
【００３５】[0035]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例を挙げて説明するが、本
発明は特にこれに限定されるものではなく、種々の変更
が可能である。EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples and various modifications can be made.
【００３６】［実施例１］撥水砂からなるハウス土壌用
塩類集積防止剤は、例えば次のようにして得ることがで
きる。まず、７号珪砂１０００ｇｒに対し、３％のモノ
デシル・トリクロロシランを含むヘキサン１００ｇｒを
加え、容積が２リットルの真空ジャケット付ブレンダー
を用いて８時間混合攪拌する。その後、真空下でヘキサ
ンを回収し、１００℃で２時間加熱する。このようにし
て撥水砂からなるハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤が得られ
る。これを用い、次の実験を行った。Example 1 A salt accumulation preventive agent for house soil, which is made of water repellent sand, can be obtained, for example, as follows. First, to 1000 gr of No. 7 silica sand, 100 gr of hexane containing 3% of monodecyl trichlorosilane was added, and mixed and stirred for 8 hours using a blender with a vacuum jacket having a volume of 2 liters. Then, hexane is collected under vacuum and heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours. In this way, a salt accumulation preventive agent for house soil composed of water-repellent sand is obtained. Using this, the following experiment was conducted.
【００３７】プランターの下部に１０ｃｍの厚みにアサ
ノ珪砂７号砂を入れ、その上に上記撥水砂を３ｃｍの厚
みに敷く。その上部に畑地土壌を２０ｃｍの厚みに敷
く。更に、上部に撥水砂を３ｃｍの厚みに敷く。１日に
１回、５％の高度化成肥料（１５−１５−１５）を２０
ｍｌ／ｍ２散水し、外部に放置する。６０日後、畑地土
壌の水分は４４％となり、作物の育成に充分な水分を含
有することが認められた。また、表面への塩類の蓄積も
認められなかった。Asano silica sand No. 7 sand is put in the lower part of the planter to a thickness of 10 cm, and the water-repellent sand is laid to a thickness of 3 cm on the sand. Lay up 20 cm of upland soil on top of it. Furthermore, water-repellent sand is laid on the upper part to a thickness of 3 cm. 20% of 5% advanced chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) once a day
Sprinkle ml / m 2 of water and leave it outside. After 60 days, the water content of the upland soil was 44%, and it was confirmed that the water content was sufficient for growing crops. In addition, accumulation of salts on the surface was not observed.
【００３８】［比較例１］実施例１の撥水砂の代りに７
号砂を同じ厚さに敷いた以外は実施例１と同じにしてテ
ストした。６０日後、畑地土壌の水分は２５％となり、
特に表面近くは乾燥状態になっており、表面に塩類の折
出が認められた。[Comparative Example 1] In place of the water repellent sand of Example 1, 7
The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the No. sand was laid in the same thickness. After 60 days, the water content of the upland soil is 25%,
Particularly near the surface, it was in a dry state, and salt breakout was observed on the surface.
【００３９】［実施例２］アサノ珪砂７号１０００ｇに
対し、３％のモノデシルートリクロロシランを含んだヘ
キサン１００ｇを加え、２リットルの真空ジャケット付
ブレンダーで８時間混合攪拌した。その後真空下でヘキ
サンを回収し、ヘキサン回収後１００℃で２時間加熱乾
燥し、本発明のハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤を製造し
た。Example 2 To 1000 g of Asano silica sand No. 7 was added 100 g of hexane containing 3% of monodecyltrichlorosilane, and the mixture was stirred for 8 hours with a 2 liter vacuum jacketed blender. Then, hexane was recovered under vacuum, and after the hexane was recovered, it was heated and dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to produce the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil of the present invention.
【００４０】このように製造したハウス土壌塩類集積防
止剤を用いて次のテストを行なった。３ｇの食塩水１リ
ットルを１０リットルのビーカーに入れ、アサノ４号珪
砂を食塩水に浸積する量だけビーカーに加えた。そのに
厚さ３０ｍｍになるようにハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤
を敷設して、さらにその上にアサノ７号珪砂１０ｍｍを
敷設して実験室レベルで人工的な土壌を形成した。これ
を４０℃で２００時間放置した。The following tests were carried out using the thus produced greenhouse soil salt accumulation inhibitor. 1 liter of 3 g of saline solution was placed in a 10 liter beaker, and Asano No. 4 silica sand was added to the beaker in an amount enough to be immersed in the saline solution. A salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil was laid thereon to a thickness of 30 mm, and 10 mm of Asano No. 7 silica sand was further laid on it to form an artificial soil at the laboratory level. This was left at 40 ° C. for 200 hours.
【００４１】[0041]
【比較例２】実施例２の人工土壌中の３０ｍｍのハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤からなる撥水層の代りにアサノ７
号珪砂をいれた人工土壌を作成し、実施例２と同様に４
０℃で２００時間放置した。[Comparative Example 2] Asano 7 was used in place of the water repellent layer consisting of a 30 mm salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil in the artificial soil of Example 2.
Artificial soil containing No. silica sand was prepared, and the same as in Example 2, 4
It was left at 0 ° C. for 200 hours.
【００４２】その結果、実施例２の人工土壌中のハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤からなる層の上部には全く食塩の
析出が認められなかったが、比較例２では最下部に位置
する食塩を含有したアサノ４号珪砂からなる層の６５％
の食塩が人工土壌表面に析出した。As a result, no precipitation of salt was observed at the top of the layer consisting of the salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil in the artificial soil of Example 2, but in Comparative Example 2, the salt at the bottom was 65% of the layer made of Asano No. 4 silica sand
Salt was deposited on the surface of the artificial soil.
【００４３】[0043]
【発明の効果】以上説明した通り本発明によれば、ハウ
ス土壌の塩類の集積を容易に防止することができ、ハウ
ス栽培による作物収穫の増大に寄与するものである。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily prevent the accumulation of salts in the greenhouse soil, which contributes to an increase in crop yield due to greenhouse cultivation.
Claims (6)
成分とするハウス土壌用塩類集積防止剤。1. A salt accumulation preventive agent for greenhouse soil, which comprises hydrophobic particles having substantially hydrophobicity as a main component.
を撥水剤で処理した粒子である請求項１に記載のハウス
土壌用塩類集積防止剤。2. The salt accumulation inhibitor for greenhouse soil according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic particles are particles of sand and / or soil treated with a water repellent.
撥水剤である請求項２に記載のハウス土壌用塩類集積防
止剤。3. The salt accumulation preventing agent for greenhouse soil according to claim 2, wherein the water repellent is a silicone-based or fluorine-based water repellent.
１ないし請求項３のいずれかに記載のハウス土壌用塩類
集積防止剤を含む塩類集積防止層を設けることを特徴と
するハウス土壌の塩類集積防止方法。4. A salt accumulation preventing layer comprising the salt accumulation preventing agent for a house soil according to claim 1, which is provided at a constant depth from the surface layer of the house soil. Salt accumulation prevention method.
００ｍｍの範囲である請求項４に記載のハウス土壌の塩
類集積防止方法。5. The salt accumulation prevention layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5
The method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil according to claim 4, wherein the range is 00 mm.
０ｍｍの範囲である請求項４に記載のハウス土壌の塩類
集積防止方法。6. The thickness of the salt accumulation preventing layer is 10 to 20.
The method for preventing salt accumulation in greenhouse soil according to claim 4, wherein the range is 0 mm.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04232890A JP3094257B2 (en) | 1992-08-08 | 1992-08-08 | Salt accumulation inhibitor for house soil |
| US08/101,312 US5393312A (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1993-08-03 | Agent for prevention of salt damage of plants and a method of preventing salt damage of plants using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04232890A JP3094257B2 (en) | 1992-08-08 | 1992-08-08 | Salt accumulation inhibitor for house soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0662658A true JPH0662658A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
| JP3094257B2 JP3094257B2 (en) | 2000-10-03 |
Family
ID=16946451
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04232890A Expired - Fee Related JP3094257B2 (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1992-08-08 | Salt accumulation inhibitor for house soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3094257B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106376268A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Plantation method for saline-alkali land greenhouse in river bend |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0660824U (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-23 | 友裕 手賀 | Lens frame fastening structure |
| CN105393666B (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-03-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Saline and alkali land improvement method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6071646U (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-21 | 大栄物産株式会社 | hydrophobic sand |
-
1992
- 1992-08-08 JP JP04232890A patent/JP3094257B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6071646U (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-21 | 大栄物産株式会社 | hydrophobic sand |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106376268A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Plantation method for saline-alkali land greenhouse in river bend |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3094257B2 (en) | 2000-10-03 |
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