JPH0657770A - Method of assembling arch structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To ensure free transportation during framing of a structure by forming a first row by fitting a plurality of elements each formed of a rib having a half width of an arch into a positioned apparatus in a manner being arranged on a longitudinally single side by means of equipment, and subsequently forming a second low in a direction facing the former, followed by connecting crowns of the two rows to each other. CONSTITUTION: In framing of an arched structure, a first row 2 is formed by fitting a lower portion of each element 4 formed of a concrete rib having a half width of an arch, into a depression 5 of a precisely positioned footing 6 in a manner being arranged on a longitudinally single side, while being stabilized. Next, the elements 4 are fitted into the depression 5 of the facing hooting 6 in the same manner. Subsequently, crowns of the first row 2 and the second row 3 are connected to each other by using a hoist 8 of a crane. Further, four back-filling zones are formed on the structure 1, to thereby complete formation of the structure. Thus, transportation is not blocked during framing of the arched structure 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to arch structures, such structures and methods of assembling certain components of such structures.

[0002]

It is known from Japanese Patent Application No. 62-9196 to assemble an arch structure containing a plurality of pre-assembled concrete, rib-like elements arranged along the length of the structure. The elements are provided in first and second rows, each supported by a pedestal on each leg, the elements of the first row being joined to those of the second row at the apex of the structure.
At the top of the road, the elements in the first row have laterally facing support surfaces, which are generally convex and
It receives the generally convex, laterally-facing surface of the elements in the row.

Viewed from one aspect, the present invention provides a method of assembling an arch structure, the method comprising a plurality of methods along the length of the first and second rows of structures that meet the apex of the structure. By positioning the elements and placing the first zone of backfill within the envelope adjacent to the uncompacted structure, the backing of the envelope adjacent to the first and second zones being compacted. Backfilling the arch structure by placing a second zone of the containment.

[0004]

Viewed from another aspect, the present invention comprises a plurality of elements arranged along the length of a first and a second row of structures which meet the apex of the structure. , The structure is backfilled by a first zone of backfill in the envelope adjacent to the structure that is not compacted during construction and a second zone that is compacted during construction.

The backfill compaction of the first zone impedes the natural storage stability of the arch structure and can lead to element cracking under severe conditions. That is, the present invention has the advantage of avoiding these problems. Arch structures are generally
Used to make tunnels and culverts, then backfilling can support, for example, roadtops and railroads.

The preferred method involves the step of lightly compacting the backfill in the second zone. Generally, the light compaction in the second zone is carried out using a compaction device with a weight not exceeding 1500 kg. For example, retraction type compaction equipment may be used, such as single / multi-drum retraction type vibrating rollers, or retraction type diaphragm compactors. Such backfilling methods can avoid unnecessary movement of the elements. Particularly light compaction prevents misalignment of the elements and prevents uneven loading of the structure.

The first or second zone or both have a horizontal thickness at the base of the structure which decreases towards the road top,
In this case they have a smaller vertical thickness. In one preferred method, the thickness of the first zone decreases towards the roadtop, while the thickness of the second zone remains the same from the base to the roadtop. In another preferred method, the thickness of the first zone remains the same from the base to the apex, while the thickness of the second zone decreases towards the apex. Typically, the first zone has a horizontal thickness of 0.4 m at the base of the structure and the second zone has a horizontal thickness of 1.6 m at the base of the structure which can be reduced to 0.6 m at the roadtop. Have.

It is desirable to backfill the arch structure by placing a third zone of backfill outside the second zone, which is generally two vertical zones that extend parallel to the length of the structure on the opposite side. Defined between the faces and placed at the base of the structure on or outside the outer boundary of the second zone,
The backfill in the third zone is strongly compacted without vibration. Generally, strong compaction is performed by a driver on the car using rollers with a weight of over 1500 kg. The arch structure is further backfilled by placing a backfilling fourth zone outside the vertical surface of the third zone, the fourth zone backfilling being strongly compacted by vibration. That is, the vibrating roller is used in the fourth zone.

For all compaction zones, backfilling should be standard proctor density (S
It is desirable to be compacted up to 90% of PD).

The choice of backfill material is made by locally available materials, which are conveniently classified into certain specifications. Preferably, the area of granular backfill is located within the envelope adjacent to the structure. This feature is a particular advantage.

Viewed from another aspect, therefore, the present invention provides the steps of arranging a plurality of elements along the length of the structure in the first and second rows that meet at the apex of the structure. Backfilling the arch structure by placing a region of granular backfill in the envelope adjacent to the arch structure.

[0012]

The outer boundary of the grain backfill area is preferably located between the outer boundaries of the first and second zones. Other backfill materials that are not necessarily granular are:
Used outside this area. For example, that is, locally available materials can be used if they contain minimal minerals. Generally, the maximum granular size of the granular material is 150 mm. The preferred specifications for the backfill grade in the granular area are as follows.

Size of mesh sieve Transmittance% 150 mm 100 75 mm 75-100 0.075 mm 0-15

The region of granular material may have a horizontal thickness at the base of the structure which decreases towards the road top having a vertical thickness at the apex of half the horizontal thickness at the base, for example. Alternatively, the thickness of the grained regions can remain the same from the base to the apex. For example, the thickness at the base is 1.0 m regardless of whether the thickness toward the road top is reduced or not.

It is desirable that different levels of backfill on opposite sides of the structure be kept to a minimum at any time during the backfill placement to prevent excessive electrical loading on the arch structure. It is desirable that the different levels do not exceed 0.5 m.

At least in a preferred backfilling method,
The relative placement between adjacent elements, or their potential, is minimized. Furthermore, the fixing of the backfill itself is limited.

Each element is preferably positioned so that the elements in the first row are vertically offset from the elements in the second row. next,
There are no vertical joints across the full width of the arch structure, which leads to improved strength and stability. Further, during assembly, once the first and second elements of the opposing rows are properly positioned, the offset provides each edge of the exposed longitudinal edge at the top of the road where the next element can be positioned, so that this element And the placement of the following elements is facilitated. That is, the first
And the second element assists in positioning the third element, which in turn assists in positioning the fourth element, and so on.

The element is always positioned by a lifting device such as a crane with the hoist attached to the element preferably being precast in concrete with suitable inserts or lugs for hoist attachment. Once the first and second elements are in place, they are self-supporting and separated from the lifting device. That is, in the preferred method, the initial group of elements is positioned using the first and second lifting devices and the next group of elements is positioned using only one lifting device. This requires that during the initial construction stage two lifting devices are required, but then only one lifting device (either the first or the second) is required to complete the assembly. Means cost savings. The early group contains only the first and second elements, which are self-supporting, which requires great care when locating the following elements: In some circumstances, the first or second attached to its respective lifting device until the third and fourth elements are in place.
It is desirable to be particularly safe to hold the element, after which the first or second element is released. That is, the initial group includes the first, second, third and fourth elements to be attached. In any case, since the structure is always made up of many elements, the majority of these can be positioned with one lifting device.

A preferred method accommodates longitudinal offset, so that the arch structure does not have steps at the top of the road due to offset, but ends at each end of one location. A longitudinal width element is included to position each end of the arch structure. The vertical offset is selected from a range of values less than the vertical element width, but is preferably half the element width. Generally, all elements are the same width apart from the edge elements.

Viewed from another aspect, the present invention provides a method of assembling an arch structure, the structure being aligned along the length of the first and second rows of structures that meet at the apex of the road. A plurality of elements, the method comprising locating the first elements of the first row and a second step of coupling the first elements at the apex and at a longitudinal offset from the first elements. Locating the second element of the row and locating the additional element along the length of the structure having longitudinally offset elements of the first and second rows, where the element is Are effectively positioned with equipment placed on one side of the longitudinal centerline of the arch structure, and at least substantially half of the space under the arch structure is free of traffic flow during construction of the structure .

In other words, if the structure is built on an existing railway (or it can be a road),
Blockage of traffic flow during construction can be minimized.
This is not the case, for example, if a crane, which is equipped with one of the rows of elements, is arranged to lift the elements from a truck that is linearly mounted with the other rows of elements.

[0022]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one preferred method,
The equipment is generally placed linearly with either the first or second row of elements being positioned, leaving space below the other rows of elements that are free of traffic flow.

In another preferred method, the equipment is placed outside the line of the arch structure, leaving virtually all space under the arch structure free of traffic flow.

The equipment preferably includes first and second lifting devices such as first and second cranes, and the method includes first and second elements using said first and second lifting devices. It is desirable to include the step of locating the elements of the initial group that include. In such a method, it is not necessary to use supports within the structure to support the first element during positioning of the second element.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, an arch structure 1 comprises a first element 4 in the form of a precast concrete rib.
2 rows and a second 3 rows. Each column of elements is
It rests in a vertical recess 5 provided in the footing 6. The elements in the first row 2 are vertically offset from the elements in the second row 3 by half the width of one element. At the end of the first row 2, a half-width element 7 is provided to close the gap left by the longitudinal offset. The other end of the arch structure is provided with another half-width element (not shown). FIG. 1 shows the elements 4 in the second row 3 being lowered into position by a hoist 8 connected to a crane (not shown).

The two rows of elements meet at the roadtop of the arch structure and are connected by a roadtop joint 9 shown in detail in FIGS. 2-5. The elements of the second and third rows are identical, each element comprising a tubular member in the form of a steel pipe 14 which is secured by two bolts 10 in the middle of its longitudinal edge 11. A rubber gasket 60 (for example, 3 mm in thickness) is provided under the head of each bolt 10. During pre-casting of the element, a pair of inserts 12
It is provided at the vertical edge for receiving 0. The longitudinal edge 11 is cast with a concave groove 13 over its entire length. A thin metal plate 40 receives the steel pipe 14 and lines the groove 13 to insure the correct compression distribution delivered through the pipe 14. Due to the vertical offset between the elements in opposite rows, the pipe 14 of each element joins the two elements in opposite rows and extends into a vertical joint 15 between adjacent elements.

2 and 3 show the use of a support member 16 in the form of a steel angle member. Each support member 16 is bolted to the upper surface of the respective element 1 by bolts 17 'and is provided to pick up shear forces before the arch structure is backfilled. Once a certain amount of backfilling has occurred, the elements in opposite rows are made to face each other and the support member 16 is removed. During the stage of construction shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the relative pivoting action of the two rows is enabled by the rolling movement between the pipe 14 and the recessed groove in the opposing element.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, once all the elements have been placed along the length of the arch structure, the non-shrink grout core 50 is placed from the top through the length of the flute joint 9. Get burned. Before the core 50 is placed,
The grease is applied to the inner wall of the steel pipes 14 as well as to the recessed grooves 13, so that the longitudinal tie members 18 provided by the core 50 are rotatable with respect to the elements 4 and their steel pipes 14. That is, in the completed joint, a relative pivoting movement occurs between the first row 2 and the second row 3 of the elements 4.

In order to lay down the core 50, a strip of liner 51, for example of polyethylene, firstly faces the concave groove 1 which faces it.
It is attached to the bottom of a generally cylindrical recess defined by 3. A pair of steel reinforcement rods 17 'are longitudinally placed in the cylindrical recess. Positioning of the rods 9 can be achieved, for example, by supporting them with wires. next,
The joint is filled with groats that are vibrated lightly by vibrating needles. The grotto occupies the inside of the steel pipe 14 and also occupies the cylindrical recess between the opposing elements in the longitudinal space between adjacent pipes 9 along the length of the road joint. A waterproof membrane 19 is glued onto the core 50 to ensure the waterproofness of the road joint, and a strip 20 of compressible material is placed in the gap between the elements at the top of the joint, allowing the joint to join.

Referring to FIG. 6, this figure shows another embodiment of a road joint 9 in which the same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts. This example shows that the compressible band 20 is first positioned and then the waterproofing membrane 19 is placed on the band and the adjacent top surface of the element 4, and in this example it is compressible at the bottom of the joint. Bands 21 are included, and such bands 21 may also pivot elements in opposite rows with respect to each other.

The vertical joints 15 between adjacent elements in the same row are sealed against the ingress of water. This is accomplished by the use of a waterproof membrane such as bituminous felt, hot coating, or by joining gootextile strips.

It will be appreciated that the head of each bolt 10 is embedded in the grout core 50 and thus appears to tend to inhibit rotation of the core with respect to the pipe 14. The purpose of the rubber gasket 60 shown in FIG. 4 is to provide a compressible cushion to the bolt head during rotation at the road joint, thereby allowing the core 5
The additional stress on 0 is avoided. In fact, the rotational motion at the roadside joint is very small, such as the core 50,
With a relative movement between the longitudinal edge 11 of the 0.2 mm element 4 for a 6.2 m high and 12 m wide structure. That is, even in the embodiment of FIG. 6 without the rubber gasket 60, the twist cracks seen in the grout core 50 do not occur. However, if it is desired, the bolt head may be covered by a layer of deformable material such as putty, or by placing a circumferential cap of plastic, for example, on the bolt head.
Can be separated from zero.

The method of assembling the two rows of elements 4 to form the arch structure 1 will now be described with respect to FIGS. The footing 6 is mounted correctly and the first element 4a is placed in the footing recess 5. Due to the weight of the element above the footing, its precise positioning can be achieved with a roadside bar. At this point, the top of the element remains supported by the hoist 8 attached to the first crane 22.
The second element 4b is positioned using the second crane 23, but the longitudinal offset or stagger is equal to half the width of one element (longitudinal of the structure). At the same time, both cranes bring together the tops of the elements 4a and 4b so that they work together at the roadtop. If the two elements are in place but still loosely attached to the crane, the elements will be correct, for example using a theodolite set on the center line of the structure and observing the center of the nearest steel pipe 9. Can be matched. When the two elements are properly aligned and offset on both the roadtop and footing, both cranes can release them and then only one crane can position the next element. That's enough. FIG. 8 shows the positioning of the third element 4c, the first 4a
And the second 4b element is self-supporting.

However, it is desirable to support one of the elements (first 4a or second 4b element) to keep one crane in place while the other cranes have the same third element. Taking the third element for assembly and alignment, the fourth element is then placed and aligned, and the half-width panel 7 (see FIG. 1) is attached. Once
When four full size elements and half width elements are placed,
The second crane is no longer needed and is released.

Adjacent elements in the same row are wire-bonded together prior to subsequent placement of the elements, for example using the same inserts as for mounting the hoist 8. As will be appreciated, all the work of assembling the elements and completing the road joints is done from the outside of the structure, so if the structure should be assembled on a road or rail, traffic should be built during construction. You can follow underneath things. Pre-assembled element 4 is placed at a rate of 30 daily for straight arch structures.
m rate, or 25 straight lines daily for curved structures
Is the degree of.

Backfilling of arch structures will now be described with respect to FIGS. 9-11. There are four different backfill zones around the arch structure defined by the compacted condition. Zone A is defined by the envelope in contact with the structure. Zone is 0.40
It has a horizontal width "a" at the base of the structure equal to m, and backfill material is laid loosely in this zone without any compaction, resulting in no unwanted movement of the arch element 4.

Zone B adjacent to zone A is 1.60 m
Has a horizontal width "b _1" at the base of the structure is reduced to 1.0m vertical width "b _2". The material in this zone is compacted using a light receding compaction device 30. The number of passes of the compaction equipment is monitored to avoid compaction which can result in element misalignment or uneven loading of the structure. Compaction device 30 generally weighs 1
Do not exceed 500 kg. Once the backfill depth on the structure exceeds “b ₂ ”, the larger compaction device 31 is used on the structure. As can be seen in FIG. 9, the device 31 is used horizontally during the lower stages of backfilling outside Zone B. Zone C is defined by a rectangle, the edges of which are in a horizontal space "c" equal to 2 m from the leg of the arch structure. Zone C extends to the final level of backfill, which in this particular embodiment is at a height of "x" equal to 1 m above the top of the arch. In zone C, the stronger compaction device 31 is used, but no vibration is used. The device 31 is only vibrated in zone D, which is outside the vertical boundary of zone C.

For the backfill material mold, region E is shown in FIG.
Indicated by the shaded line. This region has a thickness "e" of 1 m measured radially outward from the arch (ie 6 m of zone A and B are included).
In region E, the maximum grain size of the material is 150 mm,
The percentage of fine particles in the mesh of 0.080 mm is 15% or less.

Care should be taken to ensure that during all stages of backfilling, the opposite sides of the arch structure are backfilled at approximately the same rate. The different levels of backfilling between the opposite sides should not exceed 0.5 m in order to avoid excessive eccentric loading of the individual elements 4 or the entire structure 1.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an arch structure under construction.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a road joint of an arch structure under construction.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a road joint under construction.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the completed road joint.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the road joint prior to completion, with the top of the joint still exposed.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a road joint.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the first two elements of the arch structure positioned by the crane.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the third element being positioned.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the arch structure during its backfilling.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a backfill arch structure.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a backfill arch structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Arch Structure 2 1st Row 3 2nd Row 4 Element 4a 1st Element 4b 2nd Element 4c 3rd Element 5 Recess

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Daniel Weinreb, L3T4J5, Canada, Groveview Court, Thornhill, Antario 11 (72) Inventor Henri Vidal France, 75016 Paris , Abnu Diena 2

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. Positioning a plurality of elements along the length of the structure in first and second rows that meet the apex of the structure and backfilling in an envelope adjacent to the uncompacted structure. And backfilling the arch structure by placing a first zone of the arch structure and a second zone of the backfill on an envelope adjacent to the first zone, the second zone being compacted. A method for assembling a characteristic arch structure. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second zone is lightly compacted. 3. The step of backfilling the arch structure by placing a third backfill zone outside the second zone, the third zone comprising two parallel zones that extend parallel to the length of the structure on the opposite side thereof. A backfilling step defined between vertical planes and placed on or outside the outer boundary of the second zone at the base of the structure, the backfilling of the third zone being strongly compacted without vibration; The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. The step of backfilling an arch structure by placing a fourth zone of backfill outside the vertical surface of the third zone, the backfill of the fourth zone being vigorously compacted with vibration. The method according to claim 3, wherein 5. A step of backfilling an arch structure by placing an area of granular backfill within an envelope adjacent to the structure, the outer boundary of said area being between the outer boundaries of the first and second zones. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: 6. One of the preceding claims, including the step of backfilling the arch structure such that different levels of backfill on opposite sides of the structure do not exceed 0.5 m. Method described in section. 7. Any of the preceding claims including the step of positioning the elements so that the elements in the first row are longitudinally offset from the elements in the second row. The method described in one section. 8. Locating the first group of elements using the first and second lift devices, and locating the initial group of elements using only a single lift device. A method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized. 9. A step of locating a plurality of elements along the length of the structure in the first and second rows, which fits on the top of the structure and is adjacent to the structure in a granular backing. A method of assembling an arch structure, comprising the step of backfilling the arch structure by laying down a region of the containment. 10. A method of assembling an arch structure comprising a plurality of elements arranged along a length of the structure in first and second rows that meet a roadtop of the structure, the method comprising:
Locating the first element of the row, locating the second element of the second row so as to couple at the apex and at a position longitudinally offset from the first element; Longitudinally offsetting the elements of the first and second rows to position additional elements along the length of the structure, where the elements are to one side of the longitudinal centerline of the arch structure. A method characterized in that it is located using virtually placed equipment, and that at least half of the space below the arch structure is free for traffic flow during construction of the structure. 11. The device is generally linear with either the elements of the first or second row during its positioning, leaving space below the other row of elements free of traffic flow. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that it is placed. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the equipment is located outside the line of the arch structure, leaving the entire space under the arch structure virtually free of traffic flow. Method. 13. The apparatus includes first and second lifting devices, the method using the first and second lifting devices to position an initial group of elements including first and second elements. It includes, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
Alternatively, the method according to Item 12. 14. The method of claim 13 including the step of locating the next group of elements using only a single lift device.