JPH0655341A - Gear and tool measuring method in nc gear cutting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To dispense with measuring the space deflection of a machined gear by the visual observation and manual work of a worker before the machining of the machined gear in an NC gear machine for gear-cutting or grinding the tooth surface of the machined gear. CONSTITUTION:Prior to the machining of a machined gear W, a gear measuring device 3 is fitted to a tool rest 1, and the tool rest 1 and a gear table 2 are numerically controlled by the NC system of an NC gear cutting machine. The gear measuring device 3 and the machined gear W move relatively. The machined gear W is rotated around its axis, and the space deflection of the machined gear W is measured by the gear measuring device 3 so as to obtain the angle position of the machined gear W where the space deflection is the minimum value.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an NC gear machine for cutting or grinding a tooth surface of a machined gear with a tool, and more particularly to a gear and a tool measuring method therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art NC gear cutting machines such as an NC hobbing machine are generally used when cutting or grinding a tooth surface of a processed gear. In the NC gear processing machine, the tool is attached to the tool stand, the processing gear is attached to the gear stand, and the NC machine of the NC gear processing machine numerically controls the tool stand and the gear stand, and the tool and the working gear move relative to each other. Then, the processed gear rotates around its axis, and the tooth surface of the processed gear is subjected to gear cutting or grinding by a tool.
In a gear processing machine using a threaded tool, the processing gear rotates about its axis, and at the same time, the tool also rotates about its axis.

By the way, in an NC gear processing machine, when a roughened gear is hardened and then its tooth surface is subjected to gear cutting or grinding to finish processing, conventionally, it is accompanied by runout of a tooth groove of the roughened gear. There was a problem. To precisely cut or grind the tooth flanks of rough-machined gears,
After the work gear is attached to the gear stand, it is necessary to align the tool and the work gear with each other at the angular position of the work gear where the runout of the tooth groove is the minimum value. For this reason, until now, after mounting the processed gear, the operator inserts the tool into the tooth groove of the processed gear by visual inspection. After that, rotate the tool and the machined gear respectively, and slightly grind the right and left flanks of the gear separately, and manually adjust the angular position of the gear stand or tool stand depending on the balance of the marks on both flanks. The tool and the machining gear were aligned with each other,
The problem is that time and labor are required and the work is not easy.

Further, after machining the machined gear, the machined gear is normally removed from the gear stand, and the machining accuracy of the machined gear is measured by a gear measuring machine. Gear cutting or grinding is required. Therefore, it is necessary to attach the processed gear again in the gear stand of the gear processing machine, which is also a troublesome problem. Especially, it is hard work to install a heavy gear many times.

Further, there is a problem of machining accuracy and mounting accuracy of the tool. The machining accuracy of the tool attached to the tool base and the attachment accuracy may affect the machining accuracy of the machined gear.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems in an NC gear cutting machine that cuts or grinds the tooth flanks of a machined gear with a tool, before machining the machined gear and before the operator visually observes. And it is not necessary to manually measure the runout of the tooth groove of the machined gear, and after machining the machined gear, do not remove the machined gear from the gear stand, and improve the machining accuracy of the machined gear while attached to the gear stand. Measuring,
It is intended to measure the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool mounted on the tool base.

[0007]

According to the present invention, before machining the machined gear,
A gear measuring device is attached to the tool stand. Then NC
The tool base and gear base are numerically controlled by the NC device of the gear processing machine, the gear measuring device and the processing gear move relative to each other, the processing gear rotates around its axis, and the teeth of the processing gear are rotated by the gear measuring device. The runout of the groove is measured and the angular position of the machined gear for which the runout of the tooth space is the minimum is determined.

After processing the processed gear, a gear measuring device is attached to the tool stand, and the NC device of the NC gear processing machine numerically controls the tool stand and the gear stand to move the gear measuring device and the working gear relative to each other. The gear may be rotated around its axis, and the machining accuracy of the machined gear may be measured by a gear measuring device.

Further, a tool measuring device is attached to the gear stand, and the NC device of the NC gear cutting machine numerically controls the tool stand and the gear stand so that the tool and the tool measuring device are moved relative to each other, and the tool is attached to its axial center. It may be rotated around and the machining accuracy and mounting accuracy of the tool may be measured by the tool measuring device.

[0010]

Description of Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

In FIG. 1, this is an NC gear cutting machine for cutting or grinding the tooth surface of the processed gear W,
It has a tool stand 1 and a gear stand 2. And the processed gear W
When cutting or grinding the tooth surface of the
The tool T is attached to the gear base 2, the machining gear W is attached to the gear base 2, and the tool base 1 is attached by the NC device of the NC gear machining machine.
The gear base 2 is numerically controlled, and the tool T and the machining gear W relatively move in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. At the same time, the tool T and the machining gear W rotate around their axes, and the tooth surface of the machining gear W is gear-cut or ground by the tool T. The Z-axis direction is parallel to the axis of the processed gear W, and the processed gear W is
Rotate around an axis. Further, at the time of measurement, the Y-axis direction is set to a direction orthogonal to the X-axis and the Z-axis, the direction is parallel to the axis of the tool T, and the tool T rotates around the Y-axis.

In this gear processing machine, the gear measuring device 3 is attached to the tool base 1 before the processing of the processed gear W.
As shown in FIG. 2, the gear measuring device 3 has a ball 4 and a lever 5, and the ball 4 is fixed to the lever 5.
The lever 5 is attached to the pin 7 of the slide base 6, and can swing around the pin 7. The slide base 6 is fitted into the guide groove 9 of the attachment tool 8, and the guide groove 9
Can slide along. Also, the spring 10
The lever 5 is elastically urged by the lever 5, the lever 5 is engaged with the stopper 11, and the sliding base 6 is elastically urged by the spring 12 so that the sliding base 6 is engaged with the stopper 13. Further, the mounting tool 8 is positioned by the positioning block 14 of the tool base 1, and in this state, the mounting tool 8 is mounted on the tool base 1, the guide groove 9 extends in the X-axis direction, and the pin 7 extends in the Z-axis direction. . Therefore, the slide base 6 can move in the X-axis direction, and the lever 5 can swing about the Z-axis.

Then, the NC device of the NC gear processing machine numerically controls the tool stand 1 and the gear stand 2, and the gear measuring device 3 and the working gear W relatively move in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the pin 7 and the shaft center of the processed gear W are aligned in the X-axis direction. Next, when the gear stand 2 and the processed gear W rotate counterclockwise in FIG. 2 and a selected tooth groove of the processed gear W approaches the gear measuring device 3, in the X-axis direction, The gear measuring device 3 and the processed gear W relatively move, approach each other, and stop at the position shown in FIG. Therefore, the ball 4 is fitted into the tooth groove of the machining gear W, and the ball 4 is pushed by the tooth groove of the machining gear W as the machining gear W rotates, so that the ball 4 and the lever 5 swing clockwise in FIG. Then, the slide base 6 moves to the left in FIG.

Further, the amount of movement of the slide table 6 is measured by a distance measuring device 15 such as a magnescale or a proximity distance sensor, and as shown in FIG. 3, the lever 5 extends in the X-axis direction and the protrusion 16 thereof approaches. Position detector such as position sensor 1
When it reaches 7, it is detected by the position detector 17 and the angular position of the processed gear W is read by the NC device. After that, when the protrusion 16 of the lever 5 reaches the position detector 18 such as a proximity position sensor, the position detector 18 detects it and the gear measuring device 3 and the machining gear W relatively move in the X-axis direction. Then, the ball 4 is separated from the tooth groove of the processed gear W, the lever 5 and the slide base 6 are pushed back by the springs 10 and 12, the lever 5 swings to its original position, engages with the stopper 11, and slides. The movable table 6 moves to the original position and engages with the stopper 13. Furthermore, when the position detector 18 detects the protrusion 16 of the lever 5, the NC device reads the peak hold value of the distance measuring device 15, and thereby the runout of the tooth gap of the processed gear W is measured. Regarding the distance measuring device 15 and the position detecting device 17, before or after the gear measuring device 3 is attached, as shown in FIG. 4, the distance measuring device 15 and the position detecting device 17 can be calibrated by the reference gauge 19.

Therefore, first, the runout of the tooth space of the processed gear W is measured at each of 4 to 8 locations selected with an angular interval around the processed gear W. From this, the angular position of the machined gear W in which the runout of the tooth space is minimum is estimated. Further, in the angular range in the vicinity thereof, the runout of each tooth groove is sequentially measured, the tooth groove having the minimum runout of the tooth groove is searched for, and the angular position of the processed gear W having the minimum runout of the tooth groove is determined. Can be asked. Therefore, at the angular position, the tool T and the working gear W can be aligned with each other. It is not necessary to measure the runout of the tooth space of the processed gear W visually and manually by the operator as in the conventional case.

With respect to the gear W rough-machined by the hobbing machine, as shown in FIG. 5, when the feed P of the rough-machined hob is large, there are large irregularities on the tooth surface of the machined gear W. Affects runout measurements. Therefore, in the Z-axis direction, the gear measuring device 3 and the machining gear W are moved relative to each other, and their positions are shifted by half the feed line P of the hob for rough machining, and the runout of the tooth groove of the machining gear W is repeated twice. It is preferable to measure and calculate the average value of the measured values.

Gear W considered to have an error in the tooth width direction
With regard to, it is also possible to measure the runout of the tooth groove at both end positions and the central position in the tooth width direction and obtain the error in the tooth width direction by calculation.

Further, in this gear processing machine, the gear measuring device 20 is attached to the tool base 1 after processing the processed gear W. As shown in FIG. 6, the gear measuring device 20 has a moving amount measuring element 21 such as a commercially available electric micrometer, and the moving amount measuring element 21 is for measuring the moving amount in the Y-axis direction and has a spherical shape. It has a tip 22 and is provided on a fixture 23. Further, the mounting tool 23 is positioned by the positioning block 14 of the tool base 1, and in that state, the mounting tool 23 is mounted on the tool base 1, and the movement amount probe 2
The tip 22 of No. 1 contacts the tooth surface of the processed gear W. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, when the position of the tip 22 of the movement amount probe 21 is measured by the reference gauge 24 and is attached to the tool base 1, the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis are calculated by calculation.
The coordinates of the tip 22 in the axial direction are obtained.

Then, the NC base of the NC gear processing machine numerically controls the tool base 1 and the gear base 2, and the gear measuring device 2
0 and the machining gear W relatively move, the machining gear W rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 6, the movement amount probe 21 moves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the movement amount probe 21 The amount of movement of the tip 22 is measured. Furthermore, the measured value is converted into a voltage, which is recorded by the pen recorder,
The tooth profile error, the tooth trace error, and the pitch error of the processed gear W are measured by the same method as that of a normal gear measuring machine. In addition,
When measuring the tooth profile error, the tip 22 of the displacement gauge 21 may be moved along the tangent line L1 of the basic circle of the machining gear W in the machining gear W of small diameter, but in the machining gear W of large diameter. , The tangent line L to the tip 22 of the movement amount probe 21
1 is moved along a straight line L2 inclined by a constant angle α,
The measured value may be multiplied by Cosα. When the tip 22 of the movement amount probe 21 is moved along the straight line L2 inclined from the tangent line L1 by a constant angle α, the movement amount of the movement amount probe 21 when measuring the right and left tooth flanks of the processed gear W Can be significantly reduced, which is preferable. It is convenient to use the pressure angle of the processed gear W as the inclination angle α.

Further, in addition to the tooth profile error, the tooth trace error, and the pitch error of the machined gear W, the machining accuracy of the machined gear W includes the runout of the tooth space and the tooth thickness error. Regarding the runout of the tooth groove and the tooth thickness error, it is also possible to measure the pitch error on the right tooth surface and the left tooth surface of the machined gear W and calculate the tooth groove runout and the tooth thickness error. Instead of this, the gear measuring device 3 may be used, and the gear measuring device 3 may measure the runout of the tooth groove of the processed gear W and the tooth thickness error.

Therefore, the machining accuracy of the machining gear W can be measured in a state where the machining gear W is attached to the gear base 2 without removing the machining gear W from the gear base 2. Therefore, when the machining accuracy is low, the tooth surface of the machined gear W can be directly subjected to gear cutting or grinding. It is not necessary to remove the machining gear W once and measure the machining accuracy and then reattach the machining gear W as in the conventional case.

Further, in this gear cutting machine, as shown in FIG. 8, a tool measuring device 25 is attached to the gear stand 2. As shown in FIG. 9, the tool measuring device 25 has the same structure as the gear measuring device 20, and has a movement amount probe 21, a spherical tip 22 and a fitting 23. Then, the mounting block 23 of the gear stand 2 is attached by the positioning block 26.
Is positioned, and the fixture 23 is attached to the gear base 2 in this state. Further, the tool T is a screw-shaped tool, and the tip 22 of the movement amount probe 21 contacts the thread surface of the tool T.

Therefore, the NC base of the NC gear cutting machine numerically controls the tool base 1 and the gear base 2 to relatively move the tool T and the tool measuring device 25 and rotate the tool T around its axis. By moving the movement amount probe 21 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the thread streak error of the tool T can be measured by the same method as the gear measuring device 20. When moving the tool T and the tool measuring device 25 relatively, it is preferable to move them along a straight line L inclined by the pressure angle α from the Y axis. further,
It is preferable to measure the thread streak error on each of the two blade surfaces of the tool T.

Therefore, with the tool T mounted on the tool base 1, the thread measuring accuracy of the tool T can be measured by the tool measuring device 25, and the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy thereof can be measured. Therefore, when the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool T are low, it can be appropriately corrected, and the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool T are less likely to affect the machining accuracy of the machining gear W.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, before the machining of the machining gear W, the gear measuring device 3 measures the runout of the tooth groove of the work gear W, and the runout of the tooth groove is the minimum value. The angular position of the machining gear W can be obtained, and the tool T and the machining gear W can be aligned with each other at the angular position. It is not necessary to measure the runout of the tooth space of the processed gear W visually and manually by the operator as in the conventional case. Further, after the machining gear W is machined, the machining accuracy of the machining gear W can be measured by the gear measuring device 20 in a state where the machining gear W is attached to the gear base 2 without being removed from the gear base 2. Therefore, when the machining accuracy is low, the tooth surface of the machined gear W can be directly subjected to gear cutting or grinding. It is not necessary to remove the machining gear W once and measure the machining accuracy and then reattach the machining gear W as in the conventional case. Further, with the tool T mounted on the tool base 1, the thread measuring accuracy of the tool T can be measured by the tool measuring device 25, and the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy thereof can be measured. Therefore, when the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool T are low, it can be appropriately corrected, and the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool T are less likely to affect the machining accuracy of the machining gear W, and the intended purpose is to be improved. Is something that can be achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the gear measuring device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the operation of the ball, lever and slide of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the distance measuring device and the position detector of FIG. 2 are calibrated.

5A is a perspective view showing a tooth surface of a gear that has been rough-processed, and B is a sectional view thereof. FIG.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of the gear measuring device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the position of the tip of the movement amount probe of FIG. 6 is measured.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing another embodiment.

9 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of the tool measuring device of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 T tool W processing gear 1 tool stand 2 gear stand 3,20 gear measuring device 25 tool measuring device

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An NC gear processing machine in which a tool is attached to a tool stand, a machining gear is attached to a gear stand, and a tooth surface of the machining gear is cut or ground by the tool, before machining the machining gear, A gear measuring device is attached to the tool stand, and the tool stand and the gear stand are numerically controlled by an NC device of the NC gear processing machine, and the gear measuring device and the working gear are moved relatively to each other, and the working gear is It is rotated around its axis, and the runout of the tooth groove of the working gear is measured by the gear measuring device, and the angular position of the working gear having the minimum runout of the tooth groove is obtained. Gear measuring method of gear processing machine. 2. An NC gear processing machine in which a tool is attached to a tool stand, a machining gear is attached to a gear stand, and a tooth surface of the machining gear is cut or ground by the tool, after machining the machining gear, A gear measuring device is attached to the tool stand, and the tool stand and the gear stand are numerically controlled by an NC device of the NC gear processing machine, and the gear measuring device and the working gear are moved relatively to each other, and the working gear is N is characterized in that the machining accuracy of the machined gear is measured by the gear measuring device by rotating it about its axis.
Gear measurement method of C gear processing machine. 3. An NC gear cutting machine in which a tool is attached to a tool stand, a working gear is attached to a gear stand, and a tooth surface of the working gear is cut or ground by the tool, and a tool measuring device is mounted on the gear stand. Attached, numerically controlling the tool stand and the gear stand by the NC device of the NC gear processing machine, relatively moving the tool and the tool measuring device, and rotating the tool around its axis, A tool measuring method for an NC gear cutting machine, characterized in that the machining accuracy and the mounting accuracy of the tool are measured by the tool measuring device.