JPH0654632A - Plant belonging to new cultivar of purunus amygdalus and method for breeding thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a plant belonging to a new cultivar of Purunus amygdalus and a method for breeding the plant and utilize the shell of the new cultivar as a fuel. CONSTITUTION:A protoplast derived from a shoot of Purunus amygdalus and a protoplast derived from a shoot of Juglans sieboldiana are subjected to the cell fusion to provide a hybrid cell (somatic cell hybrid), which is then cultured. The resultant almondlike seed assumes an amygdaline shape and its sizes are respectively about 41mm, 35mm and 23mm in the order of the longitudinal width, transverse width and thickness (wholly obtained by measuring the longest part and average of 100 grains).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to almonds (Purunus
amygdalus) belonging to a new cultivar and a breeding method thereof, and more particularly to a plant belonging to a new almond cultivar having a thick almond seed shell (outer shell) and a breeding method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Almond (Purunus amygdalus) is a deciduous tree of the genus Prunus of the family Rosaceae, also called tonsils, and is cultivated in large quantities in California, etc. in the United States. The fruits are similar to peaches, but the flesh on the mesocarp is thin and hard, and is not edible. Also, the almond seed shell (outer shell) is known as a fuel that is easily ignited, and since it is particularly easy to completely burn during combustion, it produces less oxygen monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (N) that cause air pollution.
O _X), since sulfur oxides (SO ₂₎ emission is also very such less, also known as a clean fuel which can be used in poor indoor ventilated.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional cultivation (breeding) of almonds, attention has been paid only to using seed kernels as food, and the seed shell (outer shell) is excellent as a fuel. However, no attempt was made to positively improve and cultivate this shell part for use as fuel.

[0004]

The inventor of the present invention completed the present invention as a result of extensive research over a long period of time in order to enlarge (enlarge) almond seeds, especially their outer shells, and use them as fuel. . This application is constituted by the following claims (1) to (3). (1) A plant belonging to a new almond variety having the properties described below. (A) The seeds have an almond-like tonsil shape, and their sizes are 41 mm and 35 m in the order of vertical width, horizontal width and thickness.
m, 23 mm (both measured the longest part, 10
It is an average of 0 grains). (B) The seed shell (outer shell) is composed of a yellow surface layer having a large number of small holes, a dense and smooth brown back layer, and a brown felt-like intermediate layer sandwiched between the both layers, Its thickness is 5-7 mm. (C) Seed kernels have a tonsil shape, the surface of which is covered with a brown thin skin, and the size is 2 in the order of vertical width, horizontal width, and thickness.
It is 9 mm, 16 mm, and 8 mm (all measured at the longest part, and is an average of 100 grains). (2) Protoplasts derived from shoots of almonds (Purunus amygdalus) and Japanese black walnut (Juglans siebol)
diana) shoot-derived protoplasts are fused to form hybrid cells (somatic cell hybrids), which are further cultured to obtain almonds (Purunu
s amygdalus) new plant. (3) Protoplasts derived from shoots of almonds (Purunus amygdalus) and Japanese walnut (Juglans siebol)
A method for breeding a plant belonging to a new almond (Purunus amygdalus) characterized in that a hybrid cell (somatic cell hybrid) is obtained by cell fusion with a protoplast derived from shoots of diana).

[0005]

【Example】

(B) Test Almond Almond (Purunus amygdalus Batsch) seeds were immersed in water overnight and then sterilized by immersing them in 70% ethanol for 15 minutes. This seed was cultured in the following medium (A) for 20 days.

[0006]

The shoots generated from the above medium were cut off, cut to a length of about 2 cm, sterilized by a usual method, and then placed on the next medium (B) to induce callus (mycelium).

[0008]

(B) Juglans sieboldi
ana) Cut off the branches of a mature walnut to a length of about 1
After being cut to about cm and sterilized by an ordinary method, the bark is aseptically peeled to the extent that the cambium is exposed. This was cut into the medium (B) to induce callus (mycelium) regeneration.

(C) Isolation of protoplasts In order to isolate protoplasts from callus of almond and nigrum, 1.2% of cellulase (manufactured by Onozuka R-10 Yakult) and 1.0% of dolicerase (manufactured by Kyowa Hakko). %, Macerozyme R-10 (manufactured by Yakult) to 0.
Enzyme solution containing 5% and 13% mannitol at pH
Prepared to 5.6. Applying normal light to this, 30
Enzyme treatment for 10 hours with gentle shaking at ℃,
Both protoplasts were isolated respectively. After completion of the above treatment, the enzyme solution was removed, and the plate was washed twice with 13% mannitol solution to obtain 2 × 10 ⁶ of each protoplast.
Suspended to become ml.

(D) Cell fusion The protoplast solution obtained in (c) was mixed, 20 μl was dropped on a Petri dish made by Falcon Co. having a diameter of 5 cm, and the mixture was allowed to stand still, and then 20 μl of a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution (50% PEG4000, 50 mM / l calcium chloride, 13% mannitol) was added and the mixture was allowed to stand for 30 minutes.

(V) Culture of fused protoplasts (f) Proliferated fused protoplasts (somatic cell hybrids)
What was washed 3 times with a 13% mannitol solution containing 50 mM / l calcium chloride was cultured in the following medium (C).

[0013]

Culturing was carried out at 27.5 ° C. for 35 days under dark conditions. Adjust the mannitol concentration of the grown colonies.
The cells were sequentially transplanted to a medium gradually lowered to 6.5%, 3.5%, 1.5%, 0%. Approximately 6 months later, the medium was transplanted to the following medium for shoot regeneration (D).

[0015]

Approximately 3 weeks after transplantation to this shoot regeneration medium, the shoots were regenerated, and this was further transplanted to the next rooting medium (E).

[0017]

Approximately one week after transplantation into this rooting medium, root elongation was observed. After further culturing for 3 weeks, the seedlings were transplanted to a unglazed pot containing California soil for 8 minutes. After 5 years, this seedling produced a fruit (seed) having the following properties. (A) The seeds have an almond-like tonsil shape, and their sizes are 41 mm and 35 m in the order of vertical width, horizontal width and thickness.
m, 23 mm (both measured the longest part, 10
It is an average of 0 grains). (B) The seed shell (outer shell) is composed of a yellow surface layer having a large number of small holes, a dense and smooth brown back layer, and a brown felt-like intermediate layer sandwiched between the both layers, Its thickness is 5-7 mm. (C) Seed kernels have a tonsil shape, the surface of which is covered with a brown thin skin, and the size is 2 in the order of vertical width, horizontal width, and thickness.
It is 9 mm, 16 mm, and 8 mm (all measured at the longest part, and is an average of 100 grains).

When the almond-like seed shell (outer shell) is used as a fuel, it is very easy to ignite and can be easily completely burned, like the conventional almond seed shell (outer shell). monoxide oxygen (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO _X), and sulfur oxides (sO ₂₎ discharge of was also very small.

[0020]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION Since the plant belonging to the new variety of almond and the breeding method thereof according to the present application are configured as described above, a plant belonging to the new variety of almond (Purunus amygdalus) can be easily obtained and the seed shell By using as a fuel, it is possible to obtain a fuel that is easily burned and has less air pollution.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plant belonging to a new almond variety having the properties described below. (A) The seeds have an almond-like tonsil shape, and their sizes are 41 mm and 35 m in the order of vertical width, horizontal width and thickness.
m, 23 mm (both measured the longest part, 10
It is an average of 0 grains). (B) The seed shell (outer shell) is composed of a yellow surface layer having a large number of small holes, a dense and smooth brown back layer, and a brown felt-like intermediate layer sandwiched between the both layers, Its thickness is 5-7 mm. (C) Seed kernels have a tonsil shape, the surface of which is covered with a brown thin skin, and the size is 2 in the order of vertical width, horizontal width, and thickness.
It is 9 mm, 16 mm, and 8 mm (all measured at the longest part, and is an average of 100 grains). 2. Protoplasts derived from shoots of almonds (Purunus amygdalus) and Japanese walnuts (Juglan)
A plant belonging to a new cultivar of almonds (Purunus amygdalus), which is obtained by cell fusion of protoplasts derived from shoots of s sieboldiana) into hybrid cells (somatic cell hybrids), which are further cultured. 3. Protoplasts derived from shoots of almonds (Purunus amygdalus) and Japanese walnuts (Juglan)
s sieboldiana) shoot-derived protoplasts are subjected to cell fusion to form hybrid cells (somatic cell hybrids), which are further cultured, and almonds (Purunus amygdalu)
s) Breeding methods for plants belonging to the new variety.