JPH06509853A - Ladders, assembly structures for ladders, and propped supports for ladders - Google Patents

Abstract

A ladder (1) is provided with a multi-purpose head (19) which may be fixed on the ladder by means of two transition pieces (101/101'). The head (19) has supporting paws (29) which allow not only the secure positioning of the ladder on straight wall faces, internal corners and external corners but additionally increase the security for the user. Additional bearing faces may be provided to allow stable support on ledge-like wall projections. Vertically and horizontally acting bearing faces are used for this purpose. The multi-purpose head may be fastened in a selectable height position on the ladder via rapid gripping elements. <IMAGE>

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications of ladders, assembly structures for ladders and supports for ladders The present invention provides a structure in which the end of the upright leg and the opposing upper upright are connected via a treadle. Concerning a ladder with two main pillars that form a tip and can be placed against a wall. Ru.

Ladders are one of the oldest aids for craftsmen, and they are also one of the oldest aids for craftsmen. House maintenance for quick and short work It is also increasingly used in Lenoyar and Lenoyar.

Conventional technology The simplest ladders, such as wooden ladders, aluminum ladders, stepladders, and He has mastered complex ladders, such as a ladder that combines an extension ladder and a stepladder. Ladders are made in a wide variety of styles. Easy leaning ladder tilted against the wall By leaning against the wall, you can obtain a certain distance between the user and the wall, and therefore Depending on the length of the ladder, there may be furniture or some kind of indoor space in the lower corner created by leaning it. Furnishings or, for example, a garden zone can be housed and run from the floor to the wall, without any obstructions. We are cultivating a sense of trust that will never become a problem. The optimal leaning angle for a leaning ladder is approx. The angle is 70°, and the second angle is a safety technical standard and regulation.

The higher the height you have to climb using a ladder, the more In addition, if floors and walls are slippery, the risk of accidents increases. Because, Since the contact surface of the ladder is extremely narrow and hard, the anchoring force in this case is extremely small. This is because it is not too much. The forces exerted primarily in the vertical direction by the ladder user are As is well known, this force is divided into a normal force in the vertical direction toward the floor and a sliding force in the horizontal direction. Horizontal sliding forces are caused by insufficient anchoring force between the ladder and the floor, e.g. a polished floor. In some cases, the ladder slides - this slide causes the other person to hold the end of the standing leg still. This can only be avoided by thinking about it. When cleaning the glass surface The danger of slipping on a ladder or step ladder is often used regardless of the wall. is avoided by However, on the other hand, this stepladder also has limited stability. and can only obtain working distances that are often inconvenient for working on walls. It has another major drawback: it cannot be used. Sliding at the bottom of the ladder is prohibited. This can be prevented by additional safety measures. In contrast, the ladder stand above Lateral sliding along the wall at the hooked end is another hazard. but, Precautions for use - For example, the correct leaning angle, checking the slippage of the floor, the nature of the wall surface, The ladder can be safely propped against a vertical surface on one end of the ladder, or There is no great danger in climbing a ladder as long as you maintain a safe stance of your feet relative to the floor. This is something that can be taught from common experience. In other words, when using a ladder The danger is not only due to weight loads, but also especially due to human activity on ladders. It is also caused by the action of lateral forces. Ladder main posts are generally slightly elastic. so that slight irregularities or floors and walls are precisely If the ladder does not form two perpendicular faces, it will be elastically balanced due to the torsion of the ladder. It will be done. However, in many cases large displacements cannot be completely eliminated by this. It is possible. In other words, the desired and ideal conditions for leaning the ladder There is often no such thing as a risk assessment, and therefore users often have difficulty understanding the risks. We have no choice but to cooperate. For example, the user should lean the main pillar more or less firmly. Climb a ladder, even if it is only resting on an edge or wall. At that time, lean the other The end rests on the wall, albeit unsteadily, due to a slight twist of the ladder. Particularly beneficial If the user does not have sufficient basic technical acumen, unstable notes may occur. It will come to life. This is due to the force exerted by the user or when the adhesion force of one press is limited. This is because it works in concert with the inner stiffness of the body. In addition to this, negative When loading, unstable and unfavorable forces are generated on both stance ends, resulting in a dangerous situation. For some reason, it becomes a life-threatening situation.

Other sources of hazards include leaning ladders, e.g. Or if there is a situation on a special place such as a corner inside a wall, it may not work or This is something that ladder users often neglect.

A regular ladder can also be propped up against supports/columns with a diameter of 40 cm or less without an auxiliary safety member. I can't. This has been noted by many government agencies and ladder manufacturers responsible for accident prevention. Safety notices have been distributed, and these notices include precautions to avoid the risk of major accidents. Prohibition of such dangerous use of is suggested.

Besides the known accident risks, there are other possibilities for significant problems on the part of ladder users. For example, scratches on easily scratched paint, glass, stone, wooden surfaces, etc. Damage to walls and hard surfaces by marks, scrapes and push marks.

Problems of the present invention The problem underlying the invention is to avoid accidents as much as possible, in particular for the safety of ladder users. It also significantly expands the possibilities for safe use of leaning ladders, and also It also avoids damage to property and does not complicate climbing or using ladders. It is to do so.

Moreover, part of the problem underlying the present invention is that With the present invention, existing leaning ladders can be easily and reliably expanded. different ladder support systems depending on the specificity of use. The range of building block structural systems is to be constructed in such a way that they can be replaced very quickly.

The above problem can be solved by the present invention, which allows installation in both upper chambers at the ends or in two three-dimensional directions. This can be solved by having a supporting surface that is capable of functioning and is provided in a paired manner. It will be decided.

The present inventor has discovered that the problems of conventional ladders for manufacturers are in one or two aspects. It starts from the recognition that

In normal use, a leaning ladder is installed on the floor and placed at a 70' angle to the wall. It can be propped up. Ladders are sized according to defined loads. Remaining The point lies in the user's point.

For special uses, e.g. As shown, the leaning end is provided with, for example, a threaded joint. normal standing When it comes to ladders, most problems arise from the third aspect, i.e. accidents caused by one user. danger Damage to one object This third aspect, i.e. the wall, The vertical and lateral planes were never considered.

To ensure reliable support of the upper leaning end against the wall, simply place it against the wall. An abutment position acting vertically is not sufficient. According to the invention, this mounting Interchangeable, with a surface in full contact with the wall, e.g. an annular resting surface, with a strong anchoring force. It is formed as a new pad.

When provided with additional support surfaces or other three-dimensional directions, the use of the work at that time It provides an effect that acts against the various forces that arise depending on the situation. Each mounting surface A pair of flat walls and/or two faces of an inner corner and/or an outer corner Style: It is proposed to install it mirror symmetrically, and in that case, the mounting surface should be a flat wall surface or an internal Adhesive members are designed to provide multi-functional use for corners and outside corners It is particularly advantageous to form Ru. The invention provides additional safety in the case of normal use on flat walls. Not only is it possible to obtain a double internal angle and an external corner, contrary to the standards in the known art, For the first time, it became possible to use a ladder that could be used on a straight wall. It is unexpected that greater security can be obtained even by doing so. numerous trials From the looks of it, traditional leaning ladders can be used in many extreme situations that were previously impossible. It was able to achieve a level of safety even under the most difficult conditions.

The common working surface of the mounting surface is provided transversely to the parent pillars, or The pillar is arranged in a transverse plane that advantageously makes an angle of about 110° with respect to the main pillar. Two is possible. The leaning end is formed as a curved fixed extension of the parent post. and the mounting surface is provided at the leaning end.

Furthermore, the present invention is provided with a main pillar forming the vertical end and the upper leaning end. , and the link position for the link axis in the area of the parent pillar or the upper leaning end. Relating to a ladder that has a

In a particularly advantageous pond configuration of the invention, the leaning end is connected to the master pole via the link location. It is designed as a leaning support that is connected to the In particular, it forms a rotation axis parallel to the rungs of the ladder. Is it upright (the support is assembled)? When erected, it is bent at an angle of about 110° with respect to the main pillar, and it can rest in both rotational directions. It is restricted to be able to move slightly up and down around the axis of rotation through the contact part. Ru. From various trials, it has been found that depending on the user's condition, The elastic moment in the right direction is absorbed by the link joint part by 5n, reducing the anchoring force on the mounting surface. Instead of sliding, a strong and permanent pressure contact of the mounting surface is ensured. to this As a result, the risk of accidents occurring and the risk of wall damage are reduced or eliminated.

The support surface may include individual, in particular replaceable, rubber-like or synthetic adhesive members, e.g. is formed as a rubber pad. The mounting surface is a circular molded object or a multifaceted molded object. In this case, the mounting surface is oriented in different three-dimensional directions. Consists of a surface member.

Another arrangement according to the invention provides that the leaning end is connected to the main post via a hinge-like linkage. It is formed as an extension of a parent pillar that can be adjusted to a bent position.

In this case, in particular, the two supporting ends as supporting supports form a rotating unit. 0 Furthermore, the present invention includes two main pillars forming a standing end and an upper leaning end. It also relates to a structural assembly that is At least two transfers which can be combined with the parent pillars within the area and which are specifically equipped with link locations. It is characterized by consisting of line pieces.

This new invention avoids major damage, accidents, damage, etc. at a small cost, and / or has a true inventive step in the sense that it significantly improves rationality/economic efficiency. Ru. Moreover, since this invention is fundamentally connected to products, new Must all old products that do not have new quality be replaced? , or must be thrown away. This is actually a matter of rational consideration. This is only a small portion of the world's economic growth, and it hinders real technological progress. On the ladder The second problem can be solved immediately and in an unexpectedly simple way by the assembly idea according to the invention. This can be solved by a central member consisting of two transition pieces that can be fixed to the main pillar, and this Even though the transition piece between them is very different in tread spacing and tread size, the Holt hole row is Can be erected integrally by combination (Bolzen-Lochraster system) It is possible to assemble it on a ladder. Each of the transition pieces has two parts: the parent A link head that can be firmly inserted or inserted into the end of a column, and a main column that can be combined with this. a second fixing part, which is fixable along the treadle, in particular to the treadle. this It can be retrofitted to all existing ladders, especially 80% to 90% of leaning ladders. be. Existing ladders are therefore fully economical and can be fitted with small holes at the ends of the parent pillars. It is also possible to retrofit the new ladder assistance system according to the invention.

The structure fl"+aL body has a basic function of standing up, especially rubber-like or synthetic material-like. It has a pair of protective caps made of material, these protective caps are linked can be connected to the transition piece, i.e. to the leaning ladder, by means of a quick-closing mechanism in position. Ru.

The structural assembly expands the versatility of ladder use with multiple functions as the main structural element of the pond. It has a leaning support for establishing the link position. It can be combined with a transition piece through a It is designed as a leaning member for the wall of a passageway.

Safety elements, especially quick fixing elements, can be mounted on various leaning supports or protective caps. Perform rapid assembly or disassembly and/or replacement.

Interchangeable, building block-style, multi-functional leaning support supports ladders of various widths. In order to assemble the link shaft, the link shaft is often overly long.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the invention relates to a propped support: - a large number of elastic, and each set in pairs in two supporting arms; The device is characterized by having a mounting surface that is angled. Especially each support arm is provided with at least three elastic resting surfaces, and the action of these resting surfaces The directions occupy an angle, specifically an angle of 2×45° each, and the three mounting surfaces occupy three It is formed as a functional head.

A leaning ladder with a leaning support provides greater safety for the user. A relatively large scale between a propped ladder and a wall in extremely high areas. Special advantages are also obtained in terms of greater safety due to the narrower/optimal spacing. Ru.

Furthermore, with the configuration according to the invention, the leaning support has one or two link shafts. These link axes are provided on the opposite side of the mounting surface, and are common to the mounting surface. exists within the plane of

The support surface may be integrated with differently oriented support surfaces as an exchangeable attachment member, or is formed as a pad with an annular mounting surface.

In another advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the link is movably fixed to the central link shaft. The upright support has four articulated support arms.

These four support arms each have a 90° arrangement (Rast) inseparable from the link axis. contact pads bent at 45°, provided at three different positions through the It can be used with five times the functionality by using the kit. Particularly soft individual abutments The pad is made of rubber δ and/or a soft synthetic material and therefore has a claw-shaped leaning surface. Together they provide even more optimal reduction and protection of extremely sensitive contact objects, such as glass A pressure force that does not damage the material can be obtained. The support arm is placed on a flat surface and/or or walls - can be pivoted separately for multi-functional use for internal corner and external injuries. It is particularly advantageous if the system is equipped with a

The invention will be explained in more detail below using a number of examples.

Detailed description of the invention Figure 1 is a diagram of a classic, simple leaning ladder.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a ladder retrofitted according to the invention.

FIG. 2a is a plan view of the device leaning against a straight wall.

No. 2b[N is a plan view of a state in which it is propped up against an interior corner.

FIG. 2c is a plan view of the device leaning against an external corner.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a flat upright support.

No. 3a[N is a diagram of a pad made of rubber and having an annular placement surface.

Figures 4.4a, 4b and 4c are bent and fixed according to three basic use cases. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a simple leaning support similar to FIG. .

Figures 5 and 5a are views of bent support arms that can be rigidly connected to the master post.

Figures 6 and 6a correspond to Figures 4.4a and 4b.

Figures 7 and 7C show a bent support arm connected to the master post via a hinge. It is a diagram.

Figure 8 and Ba are bent pieces connected to the transition piece/main pillar via the link shaft. FIG. 3 is a diagram of a support arm.

Figures 9.9a, 9b and 9c show variously oriented mountings for three basic use cases. It is a figure which showed the use state of the pair of integral support claw bodies which have a surface.

Figures 10, 1Oa, 10b and loc are pairs of integral support claws according to Figure 9. This figure is similar to the figure above, but in this case, the support claw body has the shape of a circular plate. It is Diagrams 11, lla, Ilbδ and lla show various building blocks structures, especially with transition pieces. FIG.

112, +2a, +2b and +2c are diagrams showing various positions of the support cap. be.

Figures 13.13a, 13b, +3c, +3d and +3c are four for surface support. FIG.

Method for carrying out the invention Figure 1 shows a conventional simple ladder 1, but this leaning ladder is It is supported on the floor 4 by the standing leg end 2, and is attached to a flat wall 5 by the upper leg end 3. It is propped up. This leaning ladder 1 has two main pillars 6 and 6' and a number of It consists of 7 stepping stones. The leaning ladder 1 has its main pillars 6 and 6' approximately 70 mm with respect to the floor 4. It is leaning against a wall 5 at an angle α of 0. From an ideal point of view The weight G is a vertical force V and a horizontal force H in the direction of the floor, corresponding to the weight of the user. It is divided into a leaning force AW in the direction of the wall 5. Standing ladder 1 is currently on floor 4 , and then a vertical plane parallel to the wall 8 and centered on the imaginary center line 9. 8' and placed against the wall 5. Propping up both main pillars 6 and 6' End 3 acts with a leaning force AW, which is essentially an imaginary horizontal lateral plane l They exist in O with equal alignment. The corresponding angle β is the parent by supplementing the angle α approximately 110' for columns 6 and 6'. When leaning a ladder against a wall or When removing from 5, perform a movement fundamentally corresponding to arrow AB. At this time, at least Lateral movement within the open leaning ladder 1 and the upper leaning end 3 or side surface 10 It is assumed that S is not performed.

Below is a section showing examples of the new invention, namely three very important use cases. The invention will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 2 is a side view of ladder 1 leaning against wall 5. be. A ladder I is placed against a wall 5 via a leaning support 20. Second ae is the plan view in Figure 2, showing an example of the use of the ladder 1 on a flat vertical wall 5. There is. FIG. 2b is also a plan view of FIG. 2, but in this case 900 degrees An internal corner 2 formed by two walls 2+' and 22" located at an angle of 1 shows an example of the use of a ladder 1 with δ. Figure 2C also shows angles of 90° to each other. At an external corner 22 formed by two walls 22' and 22'' located at An example of how the ladder 1 is used is shown.

The leaning support 20 is shown enlarged in FIG. 3 and has two support arms 23 and 23', and these support arms are formed mirror-symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry 24. are connected to each other by screws 25 to form one unit. both branches The holding arms 23 and 23' are provided with a number of mounting surfaces 26, and these mounting surfaces are individually It is formed by a rubber pad 27. The second rubber pad 27 faces the vertical surface 8'. and has a direction of action R1 oriented parallel to the AW is given, and the leaning position on the flat wall 5 is determined. Example of rubber pad 27 is schematically shown enlarged again in FIG. 3a. The leaning force AW is applied to the annular mounting surface 26. is transmitted to the wall 5 via. At that time, the acting forces AB and AB' on the sides are determined by the user. Adhesion friction due to the applied normal force AN and the material of the rubber bat 27 and the properties of the wall 5. It consists of a frictional force AR corresponding to the friction. Along with this, the rubber pad 27 receives the acting force AB and AB'. Is the rubber pad 27 upright? It is exchangeably inserted into a corresponding hole 28 in the support 20. rubber pad 27' is turned and oriented at an angle of 456 with respect to the direction of action of the leaning force AW. and serves as a mounting surface 26 for the inner corner 21. In this case, the leaning force AW is an action position shifted by 90° from the action direction R2 on both propped supports 23 and 23'. Direction of use R2' and (divided into two. Furthermore, from FIG. 3, the acting forces AB and AB' depending on the left rubber pad 27' or the right rubber pad according to the laws of statics. A relatively large normal force acts on the pad 27'. As a result, the rubber pad As the normal force to 27' increases, the frictional force increases and therefore The adhesion force provided by the process also increases. Therefore, when used in corners, it is also important to within the range of movement, an increase in lateral sliding force leads to an increase in the safety of the ladder support force. come Similarly, the acting force AB on the rubber pad 27'' is This results in an increase in the safety of the ladder supporting capacity. To increase safety, 27# or twice the number of each. Rubber pad 27″ is suitable for one ladder or support. Used when leaning against a pillar. At that time, the action is at the rubber butt 27'. It is the same as for use. 7F, in Figure 3, the broken line indicates the support claw body 29 of the support arm 23'. Shows 1. Ta. A common rubber pad on the side of the leaning support 20 facing the Two puncture shafts 30 and 30' having a rotating shaft 31 are installed, and these The link shaft is rotatably fixed via a support holt 32.

Below, similar to FIGS. 2 to 2C, a flat wall 5, an inner corner, an outer corner 21 and 2 are shown. 4.4a, 4b and 4c showing an example of how to use ladder 1 against 2. The invention will be explained with reference to the figures. In this case, the support claw body 29 is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. It is. However, both support legs 29 are shown in Figures 4.4a, 4b and 4C It is an extension of the columns 6 and 6', in which case the bowed end 3 of the chamber is bent by an angle β of about 110'. It is folded. In this case, the transition bending portion 40 may be a part of the main column member. this The configuration is especially suitable for short, one-piece, extremely inexpensive or suitable ladders.

Figures 5 and 5a show modified embodiments of Figure 4; A hanging member 20' is also provided.

Figures 6 and 6a correspond to Figure 4.

Figures 7 and 7C have a hinge 41 that supports the leaning member 20'. It is connected to columns 6 and 6'. This hinge 41 can be used to store the ladder when not in use. Stretched (shown with dashed lines) so that it takes up little space to store I can do it. In the bent state (shown with a solid line), the stopper 42 or the working position Determine.

No. 8 and 8alN are ladders 1 to which fixation is performed via link shafts 30 and 30'. An example of how the leaning support 20 is used is shown. As can be seen from Figure 8 In addition, various ladder widths LB can be connected by link shafts 30 and 30'. Because , the corresponding dimensions of the link axes 30 and 30' SPi and SPa or the maximum width of the ladder are the minimum This is because it is configured to correspond to the width.

Figures 9.9a, 9b and 9C show a simplified form of the support pawl 29a. Or, in this case, these support claw bodies 29a are only one rubber body or a synthetic body. It is formed from The support legs 29a each have one inner, anterior and outer It has support surfaces 50, 51 and 52, the inner support surface 50 being the outer support surface 50. An angle j of approximately 90° is formed with the plane 52.

In the 10th, lOa, lOb and loc diagrams, the disk-shaped support claw body 29I) or used.

Figures 11 and 11 show the upper chamber hanging end 3 of the ladder 1. Parent pillars 6 and Q' One transition piece 60 is fixed to each, and the second transition piece is attached to the upper side of the head. It is assembled along the inside of the main pillars 6 and 6'. Each transition piece 60 is a link head. It consists of an upper part 61 and a fixed part 62. The upper part 61 of the link head is above the head. It has a shape adapted to the side and is held within the main pillars 6 and 6' through the split bottle 63. It is. The fixed part is connected to the upper part 61 of the link head via a projection 64. The upper part 61 of the link head is fixed to the treadle 7 by the fixing nut 65. Ru. The upper part 61 of the link head has a link position 66 on the end side. This phosphorus For example, the position of the link shafts 30 and 30' may be compared to that shown in FIGS. It is formed accordingly. The link shafts 30 and 30' (rotary shaft 31) are quick fixing members. 67 against the transition piece 60. 11b, llc and lid The figure shows three differently shaped transition pieces 68, 68' and 68''. The transition piece can also be adapted to different post factory products/post shapes. Furthermore, moving A rubber contact portion 69 is fixed to the row piece 60. This rubber contact part 69 has a double mechanism. Perform Noh. That is, on the one hand, this rubber contact part damages the wall against the flat wall 5; On the other hand, this rubber abutment part 69 serves as a support for placing the object on the propped support 20. (Figures 2.2a, 2b and 2c).

Figures 12.12a, +2b and 12a show the use of a protective cap 70 . This protective cap is attached to each main post 6, 6' by means of a quick fixing member 67, for example. It is placed in place of the leaning support 20 which has a fixed type. These protection keys The cap prevents damage and migration when the ladder is placed against a highly sensitive surface. Protect the piece 60 from dirt.

Figures 13.13 to +3e show a surface support 80. This surface support is the second ．． 2a to 20, the rotary shaft 31 and the link shaft 30, 30' It can be fixed to the first transition piece. This surface support 80 doubles as a support arm. In this case, each of these support arms is a pair and is offset in the height direction. It is provided. There is one upper support part 81 and one lower support part 82. adjustment via the rotary axis 84/85 arrangement (Rasjer-Drehachse) The coupling ring 83 is fixed to the coupling ring 83. Figure 13a shows a flat wall 5 Figure 13b shows an example of the use of this surface support in an internal corner; Figure 3c shows an example of use in an external corner. Both support parts 81 and 82 are connected to other structures. As a result, it rotates outwardly and inwardly around vertical rotational positions aB4 and 85. Long and rotatable. *lSd diagram shows supporting parts 81 and 82 on straight wall 5. It is shown rotated along the Figure 13e shows the supporting surface in contrast to Figure 13d. It shows an extended state of rotation, almost double the length. 13th d and The configuration shown in Figure +3e is especially suitable for placing the ladder directly on glass or other highly sensitive surfaces. Suitable for standing up.

FIG, 12b - Procedural amendment (Article 184-7, Paragraph 1 of the Patent Act) February 15, 1994

Claims (23)

[Claims] 1. A standing end and an opposing upper leaning end that are connected via a treadle. In a ladder with two main pillars that form a wall and can be placed against a wall. , both upper leaning ends can be attached and actuated in two three-dimensional directions and are in the form of a pair. 1. A ladder characterized by comprising a mounting surface that is provided in a vertical position. 2. One wall and/or internal and/or external angles with each flat surface Claims characterized in that they are provided exactly equally to each other on two surfaces of the same Ladders listed in scope 1. 3. The mounting surface is formed as an adhesive member, and the direction of action is on a flat wall surface or Exist within a common plane of action for multi-functional use for internal and external joints A ladder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. The common working surface of the mounting surface is provided transversely to the parent pillars, or occupies an angle of about 100 to 120°, especially about 110°, with respect to the main column. A claim characterized in that it is configured such that it can be positioned within a plane. The ladder described in item 3 of the scope of the request. 5. The leaning end is formed as a bent extension of the parent pillar, and the mounting surface Claims 1 to 4 are characterized in that: are provided on this leaning end. Ladders listed in any one of the following sections. 6. The parent post is provided with a link position for the link axis in the area of the upper leaning end. The main pillar forming the standing end and the upper leaning end is characterized by the fact that A ladder, in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: 7. It is designed as a leaning end or a leaning support, and this leaning support It can be connected to the main column via the link position, in which case the link position or especially the ladder tread Claim 6, characterized in that a rotation axis is formed parallel to the crosspiece. A ladder. 8. When the leaning support is assembled, it stands almost perpendicular to the main pillar. Both directions of rotation are limited by the abutting part and allow for slight up and down movement around the rotation axis. The device according to claim 6 is characterized in that it is configured such that: after death. 9. Placement surface or individual, in particular replaceable, rubber-like and/or synthetic-like attachment parts Claim 1 characterized in that it is formed as a material, for example a rubber pad. Ladders described in any one of paragraphs 1 to 8. 10. The mounting surface is formed as a circular or multi-sided molded body, and in this case, The mounting surface is characterized by consisting of individual surface members oriented in various three-dimensional directions. A ladder according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. The leaning end is formed as an extension of the parent pillar, and this extension is like a hinge. It can be adjusted to each bent position with respect to the main pillar through the link part of the In particular, both ends of the leaning support form a rotating unit. The ladder according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by . 12. Particularly as claimed, having a master post forming a standing end and an upper leaning end. For structural assemblies for ladders according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 11. and the structural assembly comprises at least two transition pieces, the transition pieces being erected. It can be variably connected to the parent pillar in the area of the tipped end, and in particular the link position A structural assembly comprising: 13. Especially with a protective cap made of rubber-like and/or synthetic-like material. and that these protective caps can be combined with the transition pieces via link locations. 13. A structural assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that: 14. Equipped with a leaning support, this leaning support can be connected via the link position. Can be combined with the transition piece and can be used as a multi-functional support for the inner and outer corners of the wall. Claim 13 Structural assembly as described. 15. Quick assembly or disassembly and/or replacement of different supporting parts Claims characterized in that it is provided with a safety element, in particular a quick fixing element, to do so. 15. A structural assembly according to any one of paragraphs 12 to 14. 16. The leaning support is specially designed to allow assembly with various widths of the main post/post spacing. Claim 1 characterized in that the link shaft is provided with an excessive dimension for the pillar. 15. The structural assembly according to any one of clauses 2 to 14. 17. each transition piece is firmly insertable or insertable into two parts, i.e. the end of the main post; Can be adapted to fork-shaped link heads and various tread sizes and tread spacings. It can be combined with the above link head part as shown in Fork-shaped fixing part that can be fixed against the crosspiece, head part and precisely adaptable Claims characterized in that it is formed from a fixed part with a hole-bolt arrangement. A structural assembly according to any one of paragraphs 12 to 16. 18. In a prop support for a ladder, this prop support has a large number of elastic and at least two supporting arms. A leaning support body characterized by being provided in the form of a pair. 19. In particular, each support arm is provided with at least three resilient resting surfaces. in particular, the direction of action of these mounting surfaces each occupies an angle of 2 x 45°, A leaning support characterized in that it is formed as a three-functional head. 20. It has one or two link shafts, and these link shafts are used for leaning support. It is provided on the opposite side of the holding body and exists in the same plane as the mounting surface. The leaning support according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: 21. It is formed as a mounting surface or an exchangeable attachment surface, and these attachment surfaces can be used in various ways. formed integrally or as individual pads with a mounting surface oriented to The structure according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that Hanging support. 22. Each has a pair of mounting surfaces and is articulated with a ladder. It is equipped with four support arms that can be connected to Claims 18 to 21, characterized in that A leaning support as described in any one of the above. 23. The support arm is suitable for use on flat surfaces, such as extremely fragile windows and wall corners. It is designed to be able to be rotated individually so that it can be used for multiple functions on the outside corner joints. 23. The leaning support according to claim 22, characterized in that: