JPH06507333A - 金属窩ベアリング付き寛骨臼義肢 - Google Patents

金属窩ベアリング付き寛骨臼義肢

Info

Publication number
JPH06507333A
JPH06507333A JP5515124A JP51512493A JPH06507333A JP H06507333 A JPH06507333 A JP H06507333A JP 5515124 A JP5515124 A JP 5515124A JP 51512493 A JP51512493 A JP 51512493A JP H06507333 A JPH06507333 A JP H06507333A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
bearing
slot
prosthesis
cavity
threaded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP5515124A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP3521911B2 (ja
Inventor
ノイルス、ダグラス・ジー
デカーロ、アルフレッド・エフ・ジュニア
Original Assignee
ジョイント・メディカル・プロダクツ・コーポレーション
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ジョイント・メディカル・プロダクツ・コーポレーション filed Critical ジョイント・メディカル・プロダクツ・コーポレーション
Publication of JPH06507333A publication Critical patent/JPH06507333A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3521911B2 publication Critical patent/JP3521911B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/30721Accessories
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4637Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for connecting or disconnecting two parts of a prosthesis
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4609Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 金属ベアリング付き寛骨臼義肢 技術分野 本発明は金属窩ベアリングを有する寛骨臼義肢に関する。特に、寛骨臼杯状窩に 金属窩ベアリングを取付けるための改良された機構に関する。
従来の技術 金属窩ベアリングを有する寛骨臼義肢は公知である。シバッシュの米国特許第3 .820.167.3.943.576.4、077、070及びノイルスの米 国特許第3.848.272、Re28、895の各号は、初期の構造体を示す 。これらの義肢は強制型で、この型においてはベアリングが大腿骨法の過半分を 包囲した。ベアリングは、2片から成り、球の回りに配置してリベット又はねじ 山で杯状窩に取付けた。
義肢を本来の場所で組立てるのが困難なために、外科医は大腿骨及び寛骨臼構成 部分の双方から成る、組立てた関節を用意した。
PCT特許公報第To 83102555号は、これらの初期構造体の改造物を 示し、そこでは金属ベアリングは、大腿骨法の180°又はそれ未満を囲むこと ができた。ベアリングと杯状窩との取付けは再びねじ出で行われた。従って、現 場組立ては可能であったが、概してなおねじ山のために実際的ではなかった。
ノイルスの米国特許第4.678.472号は、2つの金属べアリング改造物を 示す。第1の構成(同特許9−10図)では、ベアリングは、2片から成り、球 の過半分を包囲し、保持輪74で共に球の回りに保持される。組立てた関節のこ の構成のために、ベアリングは杯状窩内で回転し、関節のためにより広範囲の運 動を与えることができる。
第2の構成においては、(同特許33−34図)ベアリングは再び2つの部分か ら成り、この場合においては、くさび136で杯状窩内の所定の場所に固定され る。
金属窩ベアリングを用いる寛骨臼義肢のその他の構造物は、フレイ他の米国特許 第4.969.910号に開示されている。
発明の要約 前述の現技術水準を考慮して、本発明の目的は、金属窩ベアリングを有する改良 された寛骨臼義肢を提供することである。特に、本発明の目的は、寛骨臼杯状窩 に金属窩ベアリングを取付けるための改良された機構を提供することで、同機構 は、1)ベアリング及び杯状高量の微細動作を本質的に排除し、2)寛骨臼杯状 窩を骨に取付けた後杯状窩に関して金属ベアリングの方向を容易に適応させるこ とが可能で、3)強制及び非強制の両ベアリング形態で使用可能で、4)杯状窩 から金属ベアリングを容易に除去することを考慮している。
上記及びその他の目的を達成するために本発明は、a)外面に雄テーパを有する 、方向付は可能な金属窩ベアリングと、 b)金属窩ベアリングを受容する空洞を有する、骨に取付ける金属杯状窩とから 成り、空洞の表面が金属窩ベアリングの雄テーパとしっかり係合する雌テーパを 含む、寛骨臼義肢を提供する。
本発明の好ましい実施態様においては、ベアリング内に形成するねじ無し部分長 スロット(細孔)と、杯状窩内に形成するねじ付き全長スロットとを用いる、締 付けねじによりベアリングを杯状窩内に据え付け、ざらにテーパ締付けを確保し ている。他の好ましい実施態様においては、ベアリングが、杯状窩のねじ付き全 長スロットと一直線に並ぶ、ねじ無し全長スロットを含み、杯状窩を患者の骨に さらにしっかり取付けるために、骨ねじを受容できる開口を形成するようにして いる。
金属窩ベアリングは、大腿骨部の転位を阻止するのを助けるために唇状部を有す ることが望ましい。同様に、ベアリングは、それぞれ非強制及び強制構造を与え るために、骨法の半分より小さいか又は半分より大きい部分のいずれかを取り囲 むことができる。後者の場合には、ベアリングは2片から成り、義肢の組立てを 助けるための心合せ手段を含むことが望ましい。
添付の図面は、本明細書の一部として組み入れたもので、本発明の実施態様を例 示し、記載内容と共に本発明の詳細な説明するのに役立つ。もちろん、図面及び 記載内容は共に説明のみを目的とし、本発明を制限するものでないことを理解す べきである。
図面の簡単な説明 図1は、本発明により構成した義肢の分解組立図で、金属窩ベアリング挿入体、 杯状窩、締付けねじ、骨ねじから成る。
図2は、1図の組立義肢の上面図である。
図3は、図2の線3−3に沿う断面図で、金属窩ベアリング挿入体を杯状窩に据 え付ける締付けねじの用法を示す。
図4は、金属窩ベアリングを杯状窩から解放するのに用いる器具を示す。
図5は、図2の線5−5に沿う断面図で、本発明の2片式強制型金属窩ベアリン グ挿入体の用例を示す。
図6は、図2の線6−6に沿う断面図で、杯状窩を骨に固定する骨ねじの用法を 示す。
好ましい実施態様の説明 図面を参照すると、幾つかの図面を通して同−又は対応する部品は同一番号で示 すが、図1には、本発明により構成した寛骨臼杯状窩10及び金属窩ベアリング 13の分解組立図を示す。
ベアリング13は、義肢の大腿骨部の球状体を受容する空洞32を含む。球の転 位を阻止するのを助けるために、ベアリングは、唇状部17を含む。移植中唇状 部は、ある範囲の運動及び患者の骨格に最適な水準の安定度を与える方向に向け る。外科医には異なった角オフセットの唇状部を有する一連のベアリングを用意 し、義肢の機能と患者の要求とが適切に合致するようにすることが望ましい。ノ イルスの米国特許第4.678.472号参照。
寛骨臼杯状窩10は、骨と係合するための外面12及びベアリング13を受容す るための内部空洞30を含む。外面12には、当業界で知られている各種の構造 物を用いることができる。特に望ましい構成は、通常譲渡されたノイルス及びデ カル口の、「移植可能義肢用焼結被膜」と題する、1992年2月19日付は米 国特許出願第07/838.577号に開示されている。
ベアリング13及び杯状窩10は、ベアリングの外面に形成する精密な雄テーパ 26と空洞30の内面に形成する精密な雌テーパ28とによりかみ合う。これら の構成部品間のしっかりしたはめあいを確保するために、テーパ角度は、自動締 りテーパの範囲内になるように選定する。例えば、約6−17°の範囲内の合計 テーパ夾角(テーパの両側)でこの結果が達成されるであろう。杯状窩からベア リングを除去することを考慮するために、テーパ角は締りテーパ範囲の高端近く に選定するのが望ましい。実際上約14°の合計テーパ夾角で首尾よく機能する ことが分かった。
締りテーパの安全性を確保するために、締付けねじ15を用いてベアリング13 を杯状窩10内に取付ける。締付けねじは、ベアリング13の外面に形成するス ロット22及び杯状窩10の内面に形成するスロット20により作動する。
スロット20は、締付けねじ15のねじ山と係合するねじ山21を有する。ねじ なしのスロット22は、締付けねじ15が接触する端面23を有する。締付けね じが固く締まるにつれて、端面23に対して押し付けることによりベアリング1 3を杯状窩10内に押し入れ、それによりテーパ26及び28を共に締付ける( Fi!J3参照)。
図1及び2に示す通り、ベアリング13は、端面23を有する、直径方向に相対 する2つのねじなしスロット22を含む。テーパが固定するのを避けるために、 締付けねじ15を交互に増進させて端面23に対して締付けることが望ましい。
若し所望なら、スロット22及び締付けねじ15を追加して用いることができる 。再び、ねじを締付ける場合には交互に行うべきである。単一の締付けねじも同 様に用いられるが、概して望ましくない。
杯状窩10内のねじ付きスロット20は、直径方向に相対する多数組の形で設け るのが望ましく、このスロットに対してベアリング13のねじなしスロット22 の心合せを行うことができる。このようにして、ベアリングを杯状窩に対して容 易に方向付けた後選定した配置で杯状窩に取付けることができる。例えば、図1 においては、ベアリング13は、直径方向に相対する4組のねじ付きスロット2 0を含む。従って、ベアリング13は、杯状窩10に対して8つの配置を有する 。もちろん、所望によりねじ付きスロットの組数を加減して杯状窩に対するベア リングの可能な配置を加減することができる。
ベアリング13及び杯状窩10の組立てを支援するために、ベアリングがパイロ ットハブ34を含み、杯状窩が係合開口36を含むことが望ましい(図3参照) 。ハブ及び開口は、テーパ26.28の係合に先立って係合させるのが望ましく 、こうして杯状窩内でベアリングが持ち上がるのを防止する。同様に、ベアリン グの機械加工中ハブ34を便宜的に保持位置として用いることもできる。また同 様に、外科医により開口36を、観察ボートのみならず移植器具のための座とし ても用いることができる。開口36にねじ山を含めることにより、杯状窩の製造 に加えて移植をもさらに容易にすることができる。
図1及び3から最もよく分かるように、ベアリング13は、ねじなしスロット2 2に隣接したノツチ38を含む。こをれらのノツチを用いてテーパ28からテー パ26を外し、杯状窩内でベアリングをいずれかの方向に回転させるか又は所望 ならベアリングを完全に取り除くことができる。
組み立てた義肢においては、ノツチ38が杯状窩10の表面上方に設けである( 図3参照)、従って、解放器具40(図4参照)の唇状部42を係合させること ができる。一旦係合すると、唇状部を用いてベアリングを杯状窩から解放できる 。
若し所望なら、ベアリング13上に全長ねじ付きスロットを配置し、杯状窩10 上に共働する部分長ねじなしスロットを配置するような、その他の解放技術を用 いてもよい。この組合わせにおいて締付けねじを回転させると、ベアリングは杯 状窩内へ入るよりはむしろ杯状窩から出てくるであろう。この種類の機構は、テ ーパロック及び締付けねじ機構を用いてシャフトに取付けた、滑車又は歯車を外 すのに用いられてきた。「ゲーゾ・動力グリップ・タイミングベルト・カタログ J 1991.72.82頁参照図5は、本発明の実施態様を示し、ベアリング は、半分を成す2つの部分から構成され、従って、強制義肢を形成するのに用い られる。すなわち、同義肢においては、ベアリングが球の半分を越える部分を包 囲する。この実施態様に用いる構成は、ベアリング本体を2つの部分に分割する ことを除き、本質的に図1−3のものと同一である。各部の整合を確保するため に、一方の半分にキー46を形成し、他方の半分にかみ合いスロット48を形成 する。
このキーとスロットとの取合わせは、杯状窩のテーパ28に設ける手部分と共に 組み立てた義肢の球状空fR32の連続性を確保する。図5に示す通り、ベアリ ング13は、唇状部17を形成する傾斜表面50を有する。若し所望なら、米国 特許第4.678.472号の図33に示す種類のスカラップ形縁を、本実施態 様及び図1−3の実施態様の双方に用いることができる。
ベアリング13は(強制又は非強制型に関わらず)、ねじ山なし半長スロット2 2に加えて、ねじ山なし全長スロット24を含む。スロット22が杯状窩10の スロット対20の1つと一直線に並んでいれば、全長スロット24も同様にスロ ット20と一直線に並ぶ。このようにして、スロット20及び24の心合わせに より形成する、開口を通して骨ねじ15を挿入することができる。
骨ねじの頭部をベアリング13の表面50より下方に引っ込ませて杯状窩10と 係合させるために、スロット24は骨ねじ頭部の直径より僅かに大きい直径を有 する。骨ねじがスロット20を貫通しないようにするために、骨ねじ頭部の直径 は、スロット20のねじ山21の小さい方の直径より太き(、また、ねじ山21 の大きい方の直径と同一であることが望ましい。このようにして、骨ねじ頭部は 、ベアリングのスロット24内を滑り、杯状窩10の表面44に隣接するねじ山 21の端部で杯状窩と係合する(図6参照)。
この結果が得られるスロット及び骨ねじの典型的な直径は、以下の通りである。
スロット24・・0.262’ 、ねじ山21の小直径・・0.201’ 、ね じ頭部・・0.250’ 、骨ね・じ本体の最大直径・・0.197’。若し所 望なら、もちろん他の寸法を用いることができる。
義肢の構成部品は、当業界で知られている各種の生体適合性金属で構成すること ができる。ベアリングは、コバルト・クロム合金(ASTlll−F75、AS TM−F799参照)で、また、杯状窩は、純チタン又はTi aAl 4Vの ようなチタン合金(ASTM−F136参照)が望ましい。骨ねじ及び締付けね じは、Ti 6A14V合金が望ましいが、他の材料を用いることができる。
当業界で知られているように、周期的な繰り返し荷重下で、微細水準(微細運動 )の運動を含めて部品間に運動が起こる場合には、摩損が起こり得る。金属窩ペ アリングを用いる寛骨臼義肢の達成にとって、安全な締付係合が肝要なのはこの 理由による。テーバの安全な据付けを確保するための、締付ねじの使用と組合わ せた前述の締付テーパ機構は、部品間の運動に対する必要な安全性を与え、これ により義肢の長期使用中の摩損の危険を克服する。
本発明の範囲及び趣旨から逸れることな(各種の改変を行えることは、本明細書 の開示により業者にとって明らかであろう。以下の請求の範囲は、この様な各種 の改変及び本明細書で述べた特定な実施態様を網羅することを意図している。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1 移植可能な球窩関節を形成するのに用いる義肢であって、 該球窩関節の球を受容するための空洞及び少なくとも一部が雄テーパを含む外面 を有する金属窩ベアリングと、 該金属窩ベアリングを受容するための空洞を有する、骨に固定するための杯状窩 であって、該空洞が少なくとも一部が該金属窩ベアリングの該雄テーパと締付係 合するための雌テーパを含む表面を有する杯状窩とから成る義肢。 2 該雄及び雌締付テーパの合計テーパ夾角が約6度から約17度の間である、 請求項1の義肢。 3 該雄及び雌締付テーパの合計テーパ夾角が約14度である、請求項2の義肢 。 4 該雄テーパを該雌テーパ内に駆動する手段をさらに含む、請求項1の義肢。 5 該駆動ずる手段がねじを含む、請求項4の義肢。 6 該ベアリングが開端及び閉端を有するねじなしスロットを含み、該杯状窩が ねじ付きスロットを含み、該ねじが、該ねじなしスロットを該ねじ付きスロット と心合わせすることにより形成する開口に受容される、請求項5の義肢。 7 該杯状窩が第2ねじ付きスロットを含み、該ベアリングが2つの開端を有す るねじなしスロットを含み、該ねじなしスロットが該杯状窩の第2ねじ付きスロ ットと共働して、骨ねじの本体は通すが骨ねじの頭部を通さない開口を形成し得 る、請求項6の義肢。 8 該第2ねじ付きスロットのねじ山により、骨ねじの頭部が該開口を通過する のを阻止する、請求項7の義肢。 9 該杯状窩が複数のねじ付きスロットを含み、該ベアリングのねじなしスロッ トを該ねじ付きスロットの任意の1つと心合わせし、ねじのための開口を形成し 得る、請求項6の義肢。 10 該ベアリングが2つの開端を有するねじなしスロットを含み、該ねじなし スロットが該杯状窩のねじ付きスロットと共働して、骨ねじの本体は通すが骨ね じの頭部を通さない開口を形成し得る、請求項9の義肢。 11 該ねじ付きスロットのねじ山により、骨ねじの頭部が該開口を通過するの を阻止する、請求項10の義肢。 12 該ベアリングの雄テーパと該杯状窩の雌テーパとの間の締付係合を解放す るための手段を含む、請求項1の義肢。 13 該解放手段が該ベアリングの外面に形成する溝を含む、請求項12の義肢 。 14 該金属窩ベアリングが2片を含む、請求項1の義肢。 15 該金属窩ベアリングの該2片を心合わせするための手段を含む、請求項1 5の義肢。 16 該心合わせ手段が、該片の一方に設けるキー及び該片の他方に設けるスロ ットを含む、請求項15の義肢。 17 移植可能な球窩関節を形成するのに用いる義肢であって、 該球窩関節の球を受容するための空洞を有する金属窩ベアリングであって、開端 と閉端とを有する第1ねじなしスロットと、2つの開端を有する第2ねじなしス ロットとを含む外面を有する金属窩ベアリングと、該金属窩ベアリングを受容す るための空洞を有する、骨に固定するための杯状窩であって、該空洞が2つのね じ付きスロットを含む表面を含み、該ベアリングの第1ねじなしスロットを前記 ねじ付きスロットの一方と心合わせすることにより締付ねじのための第1開口を 形成し、該ベアリングの第2ねじなしスロットを前記ねじ付きスロットの他方と 心合わせすることにより、骨ねじのための第2開口を形成する杯状窩とから成る 義肢。 18 該第2開口は、骨ねじの本体を通すが骨ねじの頭部を通さない、請求項1 7の義肢。 19 該他方のねじ付きスロットのねじ山により、該骨ねじの頭部が該開口を通 るのを阻止する、請求項18の義肢。20 該杯状窩が、該ベアリングの該第1 及び第2ねじなしスロットと心合わせ可能な、複数のねじ付きスロットを含む、 請求項19の義肢。
JP51512493A 1992-02-19 1993-02-18 窩ベアリング付き寛骨臼義肢 Expired - Lifetime JP3521911B2 (ja)

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US07/838,090 US5282864A (en) 1992-02-19 1992-02-19 Acetabular prosthesis having a metal socket bearing
US07/838,090 1992-02-19
PCT/US1993/001886 WO1993016662A1 (en) 1992-02-19 1993-02-18 Acetabular prosthesis having a metal socket bearing
US08/099,708 US5413603A (en) 1992-02-19 1993-07-29 Taper-locked acetabular socket bearing

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US5282864A (en) 1994-02-01
EP0636351B1 (en) 2002-06-05
EP0590110A4 (en) 1994-07-27
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DE69314591D1 (de) 1997-11-20
EP0590110B1 (en) 1997-10-15
CA2111825A1 (en) 1995-01-30
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EP0636351A2 (en) 1995-02-01
EP0590110A1 (en) 1994-04-06
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