JPH06507114A - centrifuge rotor tension band - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] centrifuge rotor tension band field of invention The present invention relates to a band for a centrifuge rotor, and more particularly to a band for a centrifuge rotor which is subjected to only tensile forces during operation. About the band.

The description in this specification is based on the U.S. patent application filed on 07/66, which is the basis of the priority of this application. 4. Based on the description of No. 174 (filed on March 1, 1991) , the specification of the U.S. patent application by reference to the U.S. patent application number. The contents described herein constitute a part of this specification.

Conventional technology The manufacture of rotating structures such as centrifuge rotors and energy storage flywheels is The use of homogeneous materials such as aluminum and titanium has evolved to the use of composite materials. ing. The use of such materials is believed to be advantageous. This is it. This is because the use of such materials makes it possible to increase the centrifugal load carrying capacity. composite rotor The lighter weight of the Since a large centrifugal force is provided, an increase in load carrying capacity is achieved.

A conventional rotating structure that has the form of a band at rest and is considered relevant to the present invention is A predetermined convenient shape is shown. However, such a band of a tendency to change from an opportunistic form at rest to a rotating form in equilibrium. Under load. This phenomenon can be understood by the following simple example.

For centrifuge rotors that are circular in shape when at rest (i.e. not rotating) Consider a load receiving band. This band corresponds to three equiangularly arranged sample carriers. Assume that there are three loads corresponding to each layer.

When such a rotor rotates, the centrifugal force on the sample carrier causes half of the rotor to rotate. A load acting on the outside in the radial direction is applied and attempts to pull the band to form a "corner". Ru. and the circumference of the band in the middle of the applied load is radial from its original circular shape. deviate inward in the direction.

The band has some predetermined stiffness associated with it, so that it is in its resting shape. The deflection of a band to its balanced shape during rotation imposes bending stresses on that band. Ru. Bending stresses in this band do not contribute to load carrying capacity and result in rotor life. It actually has a negative effect on the band because there is a loss of life.

Considering the above, the band does not experience stresses associated with changes in shape when rotated. , thereby providing a centrifuge rotor, thereby avoiding harmful effects being exerted thereon. It is believed that it is advantageous to

Disclosure of invention The present invention ensures that the load applied to the band during rotation of the rotor is balanced by the tension in the band. This allows the centrifuge roller to be shaped so that the band only experiences tensile forces during rotation. Regarding load receiving bands applied to data.

The invention is best described in the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application. will be more fully understood.

FIG. 1 is a general plan view of a centrifuge rotor with an applied load receiving band according to the invention; (sample carrier omitted for clarity).

2 is a perspective view of the rotor of FIG. 1; FIG.

Figure 1A is a partially enlarged view of Figure 1 showing the attachment of the struts to the band; .

FIG. 3A is a free-body diagram of a portion of a band for a centrifuge rotor according to the invention; be. A wound band made of composite material with a certain thickness dimension. The applied load-accepting band of the present invention is realized using The formula for the shape of the node can be obtained.

Figures 3B to 3D are explanations showing mathematical relationships used in the guidance of the appendix. It is a diagram.

Figures 4 and 5 are a plan view and a cross section of Figure 4 taken along line 5-5, respectively. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a fixed angle centrifuge rotor with an applied load receiving band of the present invention; shows the data.

Figures 6 and 7 are taken along line 7-7 showing a plan view and a cross section of Figure 6, respectively. FIG. shows the data.

Figure 6A is a partially enlarged view of Figure 6, showing how the sample carrier is attached to the band. The structure of the mounting and load transfer pad is shown.

FIGS. 8 and 9 each show a swing preform having an applied load receiving band of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view and a perspective view of a packet centrifuge rotor.

FIG. 10 shows applied load-bearing bands with different cross-sectional areas according to the invention; FIG. 1 is a plan view similar to FIG.

FIG. ii is a plan view of a centrifuge rotor with an applied load receiving band of the present invention; , a vertical sample carrier is placed in the load-receiving portion of the band, and the mounting strip is A trut is attached to the sample carrier.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view taken along line 12-12 showing the cross section of the rotor in FIG. 11. .

Figure 13 shows that a vertical sample carrier is an alternative form of negative load receiving band. 1 is a plan view of a centrifuge rotor located in the load receiving area, with mounting struts located in the load receiving area. The shape of the band before assembly is shown as a broken line, and the band is assembled. The resulting shape is shown as a solid line, and the equilibrium shape of the band is shown as a dotted line.

FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor shown in both FIG. 11 and FIG. , attachment of the sample carrier to the band in the applied load receiving area, and Figure 3 shows the attachment of the strut to the sample carrier.

15 and 16 are a plan view and a cross-sectional line 16-1 in FIG. 15, respectively. FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view along line 6, and the applicable negative as shown in either figure 11 or figure 13; A fixed-angle centrifuge rotor with a load-receiving band is shown, arranged in the load-receiving area of the band. The placed sample carrier is of fixed rectangular shape.

FIG. 17 shows an applied load receiving band as shown in either FIG. 11 or FIG. 13. 1 is a plan view showing a pendulum-type packet centrifuge rotor having a load transfer pad; FIG. located in the load-receiving portion of the band.

FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor shown in FIG. 17, showing the load receiving area. Attaching the load transfer pad to the band and attaching the load transfer pad to the band The installation of the rat is shown.

A supplementary note is attached setting out the derivation of the formulas discussed herein. This supplementary note is part of this application. constitute the department.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the drawings.

Illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, is a load receiving band 12 according to the present invention. 1 is a plan and perspective view of a centrifuge rotor 10 having a circumferential portion to which a band 12 has a predetermined thickness associated therewith, an inner surface 12I and an outer surface 12E. have.

Rotor IO includes a central hub 14 . The hub 14 is fitted as shown schematically in FIG. may be connected to a power source M such that the rotor lO rotates around its axis of rotation 10A. It can rotate. The central hub 14 has a plurality of radially outwardly extending struts 16. ing. Hubs and struts are formed from reinforced plastic-like compounds be able to. The hub and struts may alternatively be formed of metal.

Peripheral band 12 is mounted on struts 16 and surrounds hub 14. Ba The ends 12 are connected to the struts 16 by any suitable means as described below. obtain. Band 12 has a plurality of angularly spaced application load receiving areas defined therein. It has area 18. These areas 18 are connected to a sample carrier 30 (see FIGS. 4 to 4), which will be described later. (Fig. 7) is attached to the band 12, or the pre-swing packet support described later. The sample carrier 30 (FIGS. 8 to 9) abuts the inner surface 12I of the band 12. This is the position where For purposes of analysis, the load applied to the band is passed through it Although it can be analyzed in terms of a single point where it can be said that a load is acting, it is actually a load receiving area. The area 18 extends to a predetermined limited distance around the circumference of the band 12. It should be understood that A plane perpendicular to the axis 10A (in Fig. 1) The adjacent load-receiving area 18 in the plane) is connected to the sample carrier 30 on the rotor lO. are separated by a predetermined angular distance (2θ) depending on the number of . This angle (2θ) is It is related to the number N of sample carriers placed on the rotor lO, and (2θ) is (in degrees ) is equal to 360 divided by N.

As will become clear later on, the applied load-receiving band 12 according to the invention , subject only to tensile forces, thereby eliminating areas of high stress concentration that reduce band life do.

The applicable load receiving band 12 may be made of composite material or metal such as aluminum or titanium. It can be made from either. First, a band formed of a composite material will be explained.

Considering the economics of manufacturing with composite materials, bands formed from them are It is necessary to exhibit a certain cross-sectional area. Therefore, in the following description, the composite material band is exhibits a constant cross-sectional area along its entire circumference.

According to the present invention, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 10A of the rotor IO, Application load receiving bands 12 are defined between adjacent application load receiving areas 18 and are indicated by dashed lines. It has a predetermined equilibrium curve 22 as shown. This equilibrium curve 22 has the shape of the band It is used here to define. Preferably, the equilibrium curve is a band 12, that is, through the middle of the inner surface 12I and the outer surface 12E. It is interpreted to extend as follows. However, the equilibrium curve 22 is within the thickness of the band 12. may be defined as extending through any radial position in should be understood. The equilibrium curve 22 has a predetermined center point 22G. good Preferably, the strut 16 is in band 1 at the center point 22C of this equilibrium curve 22. Attached to 2.

In the desired mounting position, the band is proceeding radially inwardly from the inner surface 12I to the radially outer surface of the strut 16. , an elastic sheet 17 and a composite material layer 19. Inner surface 12I of band 12 and the elastic sheet 17, between the elastic sheet 17 and the composite material layer 19, and A suitable adhesive layer 21 is arranged between the material layer 19 and the strut 16. Ru. Elastic sheet 17 is shear compatible to limit distortion in adhesive layer 21 while the composite layer 19 is provided to accommodate stresses in the lateral direction. It is being Any suitable adhesive suitable for the materials being bonded may be used.

In the plane of FIG. 1 and in the free-body diagram of FIG. 3A, each point on the equilibrium curve 22 is , at a predetermined radial distance R from the axis 10A. From axis 10A to center point 22C Let the distance be Ro, and let the distance from the axis 10A to the applied load receiving area be RL. . Adjacent applied load receiving areas 18 are separated by an angular distance (2θ) such that the radius The angular distance between R0 and radius RL is denoted by angle θ. Band 12 is a strut 16 (the band is attached to the hub 14 by struts) and and while the band 12 is at rest, from the center point 22C to the applied load receiving area 18. The equilibrium curve 22 to any adjacent point is defined by the following relational expression.

d(R/R6)dθ=(R/Ha)”RAD(1-(K/2[(R/RO )2-11))”-(R/R,) (1) K=[(γω” R,”) (1/g) (1/σ.)] (2) Here, Ro is two adjacent applied load receiving areas 18L-1 and 18L-2 from axis 10A. The distance to the center point 22G on the equilibrium curve 22 between K is the bending constant (shape factor) of the band, which is thicker than 0 (values smaller than 1 are Take (0<K<1).

The representation of rRADJ is used in this application (including additional notes) to represent a radical sign indicating the calculation of a square root. Note that it is used through.

The derivation of formulas (1) and (2) is stated in the appendix attached to this application and forming part of this application. It is being

The constant is the shape factor K for each isogeometric part that satisfies the differential equation (1). Define. Since the band is only exposed to tensile forces during its rotation, the shape factor must be restricted within the range O<K<1. If K is outside this limit, , equilibrium conditions are not possible. A physical explanation of the limit in K is the band according to the present invention. It can be understood with regard to the consideration of the range of loads that can be adapted by.

As is clear from Figure 3D, differential equation (1) defines part of the equilibrium curve. Ru. If the shape factor = 1, the equilibrium curve will have the shape of a circle. However However, the circular shape of the equilibrium curve means that the band with such an equilibrium curve is applied to the band that there is no tensile component of the band available to support the load applied. would mean. A band that experiences only tensile forces during rotation is thus unable to adapt to the load. This results in impractical results. In order to support the load, the circular band must necessarily bend. I have to take it.

If the shape factor is =O, the equilibrium curve will have a straight line shape. in this case, A band with such an equilibrium curve will support the centrifugal force exerted on the band mass. It does not have a band tensile component that can contribute to the Thus, the equilibrium curve for the shape of a straight line A band with This results in unreasonable results.

Thus, the band of the invention subjected only to tensile forces during rotation has a shape factor K of O< It must necessarily have an equilibrium curve that lies in the range K<1.

Equilibrium of any band according to the invention (i.e. subjected only to tension during rotation) The curve is between the center point of the band segment and a point on the band adjacent to the applied load receiving area. exhibits an equilibrium curve that is almost identical to one of the equilibrium curves defined by equation (1). I will. Again, the load receiving area 18 has a somewhat finite extent so that in practice The shape of the band may deviate from its equilibrium curve in the load-accepting region. Note that still remains within the contemplated scope of the present invention.

Furthermore, within the portion of the band between the center point and the point adjacent to the applied load receiving area, Band 12 also follows from the mathematical definition of the equilibrium curve given by equations (1) and (2). It is reasonable that there may be deviations, but still remain within the scope of the invention. should be understood. For this reason, the equilibrium curve 22 is neutral or may be viewed as a reference curve that defines the radial distance of the reference. the actual half of the band Based on the radial distance Ra c t + i a l as defined by the equation of the equilibrium curve. As long as it approximates the quasi-radial distance R, such bands are within the scope contemplated by the present invention. It should be interpreted as something that does. Thus, half of the actual band The radial distance Raetu□ does not need to match the equilibrium curve of the equation for each point, and the band Insofar as it is generally loaded only in tension during rotation, the present invention contemplates should be construed as falling within the scope.

The shape of the band corresponds to the equilibrium curve and thus the stress caused by the bending moment is Optimum performance is obtained when the bending moment is equal to Sliding stresses can be tolerated in centrifuge rotor designs resulting in sub-optimal performance. can be obtained. Consequently, bands that approximate the equilibrium curve also fall within the range contemplated by the present invention. It must be understood as existing within. Determine the band equilibrium curve in the actual rotor. To install the band, first remove it from the strut that secures the band to the hub. removed. The actual band outline may then be plotted. If band If is subjected only to tension during rotation, the equilibrium curve of the band is shown in Figure 3D. It almost coincides with one of the equilibrium curves. i.e. the band from the real rotor The equilibrium curve for is one of the family of curves in the range between Ro and R+, or is or within a predetermined range of one of the equilibrium curves.

To prove that such a band is only subjected to tensile forces, a brittle band is A car test (brittle lacquer test) may be performed. (preferably before disassembling the rollers from the struts as described above).

Brittle lacquer testing is performed by Charles E., Merr, Columbus, Ohio. r　EcperimentalStress　An published by ill Books lysis and motion measurement) J, author As described in Richard C., Dove and Paul H. Adams. Ru. Other tests can also be performed to prove that the band is only subjected to tensile forces Will. Such a test involves placing strain gauges on the inner and outer radial surfaces of the band. This includes mounting the page.

The band 12 having a shape that satisfies the equilibrium curve 22 of equations (1) and (2) is It receives only tensile force inside. The shape of the band 12 is such that the band is accelerating or It does not change while the rotation is constant. However, does band 12 increase outwards? The sample carrier 20 attached to the band 20 may be radially outward. Might move. Both of these movements are due to the action of centrifugal force. however, The load imposed on band 12 by both its weight and the weight of the load is balanced by the tensile forces in the (So, there is no bending stress in the band. . The working dimensions of band 12 can be accurately predicted from the tension in the band and its modulus. can be measured. Define the band when operating at design speed and load conditions. The equilibrium curve is hereinafter referred to as a design equilibrium curve or design equilibrium shape.

If band 12 is made from a composite material, a suitable material is polyetherketone. Thermoplastic matrices such as PEKK and polypropylene A tape formed from a plurality of uniaxial fibers surrounded by fibers. The fiber is E under the trademark r KEVLARJ, 1. Manufactured and sold by DuPont Aramid fiber such as ``Thornel J'' manufactured by Amoco Carbon or graphite fibers such as those sold in the market may be used. van The lead 12 is placed on a mandrel having a predetermined shape corresponding to the equilibrium curve 22. ow) or formed by filament winding using tape . As the tape is wound onto the mandrel, the resulting band has an equilibrium curve. A shape is given. The band 12 thus formed generally has a constant radial direction. That is, it has a thickness dimension. Furthermore, band 12 (or band 12 described below) ’) is a nylon reinforced with chopped fibers (e.g. glass-filled nylon). injection molding or compression molding compounds formed from plastic materials such as It can also be produced as Bands with constant cross-section can also be made of titanium or aluminum. It should be noted that it may also be formed from a homogeneous material such as aluminum.

The struts 16 preferably have a band at a center point 22C along the equilibrium curve 22. 12 on the inner surface 12I. In practice, band 12 and strut 1 The struts 16 are slightly attached to the band to accommodate changes in the radial stiffness of the band. You may also preload the crab. Does this preload have a shape that corresponds to the equilibrium curve? may deform the band while it is attached to the strut. . However, the deformation due to preload is elastic deformation. Thus, it is a van When the strut is removed from the strut and is at rest, equations (1) and and (2), and is within the scope of the present invention. That should be clearly understood. on the strut due to preload. When assembled and at rest, the band is in a first predetermined compression (i.e., radially (inwardly directed) force to the struts. However, the band is rotating During this time, the band increases due to the centrifugal effect, and the band is able to hold a smaller compressive force than the predetermined one. Give to rats.

It is recognized that the design equilibrium curve is only obtained when the bending stress is equal to O. Must be. In use, when the rotor is being rotated, the radial stiffness band struts to compensate for differences in It is useful to apply a preload to the set. By design, the equilibrium shape is It is only obtained when the rotor reaches the design speed and contains the design load.

As the rotor increases speed, the bending stress caused by preload decreases, while The stress caused by the load increases. When the rotor reaches its design speed, the prelow The bending stress caused by the band is O, and the entire band is in tension due to the load. be. At this point, the band obtains the design equilibrium curve.

The band 12 discussed so far exhibits a substantially uniform cross-sectional area along the equilibrium curve. There is. However, from the perspective of improving the efficiency of material use, it is necessary to For example, it may be required to provide a band exhibiting a constant stress (as opposed to According to another embodiment shown in Figure 10, the band 12 varies along an equilibrium curve. It is within the contemplation of the present invention to have a cross-sectional area and exhibit a constant stress. . In this example, as is clear from the appendix, the equilibrium curves correspond as follows.

d(R/RO)/dθ=(R/RO) RAD [(R/RO)”]×(ex p (K[(R/Ra)" 1]) 1) (IA) K=[(y (J"R e”) (1/g) (1/a o)] (2A) (Ac.) = exp( -(K/2) [(R/R0)"-11) (3A) Here, 80 is the radius R0 is the cross-sectional area of the band at . The bar corresponding to the relationship of formulas (IA) and (IB) The cutter can be made from homogeneous materials such as titanium or aluminum to suitable materials such as NG milling. It may be manufactured by processing.

It is understood that the band according to this alternative embodiment of the invention may be made from composite materials. should be understood.

The band 12 according to the invention may be made of composite or homogeneous material. As shown in Figures 4 to 9, it can be used in various types of centrifuge rotors. .

4 and 5 are diagrams showing a plan view and a vertical cross section of the rotor 10. FIG. Low The sample carrier 3o has a band 12 according to the invention, in which the sample carrier 3o is formed to define a fixed angle centrifuge rotor. In this example, the sample Each of the carriers 30 is attached directly to the band 12 at the applied load receiving area 18. and is supported by band 12. From Figures 4 and 5 As such, the sample carrier 30 has a sample container receiving cavity 36. Ru. Although two such cavities 36 are shown: It should be understood that any number of cavities 36 may be formed. Figure 4 and in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the axis 36A of each cavity 36 is aligned with the axis of rotation 10A. It is inclined with regard to. Alternatively, in FIG. 6, the axis 4I 36 of each cavity 36 A is parallel to the axis of rotation 10A, thus defining a vertical type rotor. .

In Figures 4 to 7, the sample carrier 3° is a molded plastic made from materials.

In the same figure (FIGS. 8 and 9 as well), the load transfer pad 32 is made of polyurethane. It is made of a molded elastic material, such as a tube. As is clear from Figure 6A , the pad 32 is attached to the inside of the band 12 using an adhesive layer 35 similar to the adhesive layer 21. It is attached to the side surface 12I. Composite member 33 is bonded to another similar adhesive layer 35. is attached to the radially inner surface of pad 32. Radial direction of composite member 33 The inner surface is flat, while the radially outer surface of pad 32 is flat. A shape is formed on the inner surface 12I of the band 12 within the load receiving area 18 to be mounted. compliant. The sample carrier 30 is assembled using another layer 35 of adhesive. The carrier 30 may be attached to the hub 14 and the member 33 (or the carrier 30 may be attached to the hub 14 and the member 33). It may be inserted between.

As yet another example, as is clear from FIGS. 8 and 9, the sample carrier A 30 may be a pre-swinged one. To this end, the carrier 30 The axis 36A of the cavity 36 is pivoted during centrifugal operation. , from a first position, usually vertical, to a second position. In the second position, the sample carrier The axis 36A of each cavity 36 of the housing 30 is generally a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 10A. Exists within the plane. Furthermore, the end of the sample carrier 30 radially toward the supported position opposite the pad 32 disposed within the load receiving area 18 Means 38 are provided for causing outward movement.

There are various methods for swingably mounting the carrier 30 on the hub 14. No. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the hub 14 has angularly spaced and radially A pair of arms 38A and 38B are provided that extend to. Each arm 38A, 38B has a slot 40, which is a trunnion bin located in the carrier 30. Accept 42. Of course, arms 38A and 38B each have a trunnion bin. However, it would also be possible to have the carrier 30 accept it.

In the rotor described so far, the struts 16 are arranged in a band between the load receiving areas 18. It is attached to the inner surface of band 12 at the center of 12. strut 16 The connection to band 12 is between the radially outer ends of struts 16 and the inner side of band 12. With an elastic sheet 17 and a layer of composite material 19 disposed between the surface 12I It is being done. These layers are due to relative movement between bands and struts Compatible with shear and lateral stresses.

The relative movement between band 12 and strut 16 is the result of two movements. No. 1, the band stretches during operation due to the tensile load it supports, while each The connecting surface of the lug 1- remains the same circumferential length as in the rest state.

A change in length of one surface relative to the other connecting surface causes this relative movement.

Second, differences in the loads applied in adjacent load-receiving areas are It tends to change shape. Attached to the center point of the band 12 between the load receiving areas 18 The bent struts 16 resist this change in shape. band 12 The resistance of the struts 16 to shape change is determined by the strut's connection to the band. leading to both shear in the direction of Normal variations in the amount of sample from one sample carrier to another dynamics can lead to this difference in load.

11 and 12 illustrate shear and bending in such struts 16. FIG. 3A is a plan view and a vertical cross-sectional view, respectively, of the rotor 10' with the rotor 10' removed. Rotor 1 0' has a circumferential load-bearing band 12 according to the invention. band 12 again It has a predetermined thickness, and has an inner surface 12I and an outer surface 12E. Ba The composition and thickness of the pads were determined using similar considerations as previously discussed. . An alternative form of load-receiving band 12' is shown in FIG. 13 and in this connection. explained.

The rotor 10' includes a central hub portion 14, which is configured to connect the hub 14 to a suitable It has a mounting recess 15 formed so that it can be connected to a power source. Axis of rotation Line 10'A extends through central hub portion 14. Multiple struts 16 hub 14 extending radially outwardly. Similar to the previous embodiment, the hub 14 and the The truts 16 may be made of metal, but may also be made of a composite material such as reinforced plastic. is made from. Band 12 has a plurality of angularly spaced fittings defined therein. It has a load receiving area 18 for use. These areas 18 are sample carrier 3o Alternatively, the load transfer pad 32 (see FIGS. 17 and 18 for pendulum packet rotors) ) is the position where it is attached to the inner surface 12I of the band 12. Axis line 10'A In a plane perpendicular to , that is, in the plane of FIG. 18 are spaced apart by a predetermined angular distance (2θ). This angle (2θ) is the rotor 1 0', the number N of sample carriers 30 or load transfer pads 32 placed at Involved. Angular distance (2θ) is equal to 360 divided by N in degrees.

The sample carrier 30 and load transfer pad 32 are located in the load receiving area 18. It is attached to the band 12.

However, in the rotor embodiments shown in FIGS. 11-18, the strap The port 16 is connected to a sample carrier 30 or a load transfer vat 32, as the case may be. has been done. (The radially outer ends of the struts 16 are connected to the load receiving area 18. Exists. In the rotor shown in FIGS. 1 to 1O, one half of the strut 16 is The radially outer end of the band is located at the center point of the band between adjacent load receiving areas 18. It is attached to 12.

Similar to the rotor described above (Figs. 1 to 10), it is removed from the strut 16 and the axis When viewed in a plane orthogonal to 10'A, the applied load receiving band 12 It has a shape that follows a predetermined equilibrium curve 22 between the receiving areas 18 .

of the equilibrium curve 22 from the center point 22C to the point adjacent to the nearest load receiving area 18. The shape is defined by the relationship in equations (1) and (2).

Each strut 16 is preferably capable of supporting tensile loads in the applied load receiving area. It is mounted to the band 12.12' via a solid connection 55. Connection part 5 5 is capable of supporting compressive and lateral loads. Fruits of figures 11 to 16 In embodiments, the connection of struts 16 to bands 12, 12' 16 and the sample carrier 30 via an interface 57.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 17 and 18, the connection is between struts 16 and This is done via the interface 57 between the controller and the pad 32. strut 16 and key The interface 57 between the carrier 30 or the pad 32 may be , which supports compression but not tension in the preferred case. Inserts that support compression only The advantages of the interface 57 will be discussed later.

The ends of the struts 16 and the sample carrier 30 or pad 32 are connected to the rotor. Bands 12.12 to ensure that they remain in contact during normal operation. 'The design equilibrium curve for the sample carrier 30 or pad 32 At the measured speed, the struts 16 are selected so that they are not located radially outward of the end arrangement It's been revealed. If the design arrangement of the sample carrier 30 or pad 32 Strut 16 and carrier or is the separation between the pad and the compression on the strut at the design speed and load conditions. No load exists. In the preferred case, the design equilibrium curve is compressed, as will be seen below. The load is chosen to approach O at the design speed and design load conditions.

In a preferred case, the struts 16 have bands 12 assembled to the struts 16. When the preload is applied by the band 12. The robot assembled in this way In rotor 10', the magnitude of this compressive force is maximum when the rotor is at rest; When the data is at its design speed, it approaches a minimum, preferably zero. This reduction in compression occurs as the curve approaches the design equilibrium curve.

Interface 5 that only supports compression (i.e. cannot support tensile loads) 7 between the strut 16 and the sample carrier 30 or the pad 32. means to limit the maximum speed physically achieved by the rotor to a predetermined safe level. It brings the advantage of As noted, by band 12.12' The preload compression applied to cut 16 is determined through the design of the band to be 0 at design speed. It can be controlled to approach . Due to operator or machine error, When the rotor is accelerated to a speed higher than its rated speed, its compressive force disappears, and a gap between the strut 16 and the sample carrier 30 or the pad 32 is formed. Referring to Figures 14 and 18, if this gap Exceed the interference distance between the trut 16 and the sample carrier 30 or bud 32. In other words, the struts 16 can no longer accelerate the rotor to higher speeds. results and to avoid excessive overspeed conditions with associated high energy levels and safety hazards. possibility is eliminated.

The sample carrier 3o and load transfer pad 32 are preferably lightweight and high pressure Constructed from compressive strength material. Used to configure carrier 30 and pad 32. A suitable example is GeneralEle as rNoryl GTX J. Graphite-filled thermoplastics such as those sold by ctric It is the material. The pressure of the material used to form the carrier 3o or the pad 32 The compressive strength must be large enough to support the compressive preload exerted on these members. Must be. The large compressive strength is the reason for the sample carrier 3o during centrifugation operation. The above burrs are also required to support the load imposed by the sample.

Sample carrier 30 (and load transfer pad 32 in case of swing prepacket) This minimizes the load on the band 12.12' during operation of the rotor 10'. In order to do so, it is preferable that it be lightweight.

Each sample carrier 30 includes one or more sample containers capable of supporting one or more sample containers. A cavity 36 may be provided. A conventional rotor has (the angular distance of each of the C containers covers 360 degrees). (equal to divided by C). In the rotor 10, 10' of the invention, two or more containers can accommodate each sample carrier 30 (e.g., FIGS. 11 and 12); The containers are clustered within the load-receiving area 18.18' of the band 12.12'.

In the assembled rotor, the sample carrier 30 and load transfer pad 32 are in the correct position between the ends of the struts 16 and the inner surfaces of the bands tz, iz'; It can only be held by the compressive force applied by the preload of the band.

However, in practice, sample carrier 30 or load transfer pad 32 and band Preferably, an elongated strip of adhesive 21 is placed between the . In FIG. 14, this adhesive stripe 21 is shown as a thick solid line.

This adhesive stripe 21 is located at the radial center line R of the load receiving area 13.18'. It should exist along the CL. This adhesive will mount the band to the strut. Place the sample carrier 30 or load transfer pad 32 on band 12.12' before to hold it in the correct position. The adhesive can be attached to the sample carrier 30 or load transfer Expanding across the entire interface between the pad 32 and the band 12.12' Shouldn't. This is because the adhesive is used between the adhered member and the band during centrifugal operation. tend to prevent relative movement of the band and therefore introduce additional stress on the band. It is et al.

In the band 12 exhibiting a shape defined by the relationship of equations (1) and (2), Move the load receiving area 18 radially outward relative to the geometric center of the band 12 A preload is obtained by elastically stretching the support band 12. Or is it? Then, the hub 14 and strut 16 are inserted into position within the stretched band 12. entered. When positioned, the externally applied tension force is released and band 1 2 closes the strut 16. This preload is applied when the rotor 10' is assembled. and that the rotor 10' has a satisfactory hinge structure and rigidity when the rotor 10' is It is resistant to unusual filling pressure in sample containers processed with 10' lerant). This resistance e) is achieved by differential compression in the struts when the rotor 10' is in operation. will be accomplished.

The rotor is equipped with a sample carrier that carries the maximum (i.e., design) load and It is spun at its design speed in a centrifuge with a clear lid. 3511II A camera such as 11 camera is aligned with the axis of rotation 10'A and directly above the rotor. mounted. For example, one or more The flash device is mounted and the flash device is activated by releasing the camera shutter. illuminates the rotor when the position is activated. High-speed filtering of images of rotating rotors A photo is taken while the image is captured on the screen. The shape of band 12 in this photo is based on formula (1) and The equilibrium curve defined by (2) and the band parameters and their loads. Can be compared for conditions.

As with the bands shown in Figures 1 to 10, when assembled and at rest, Band 12 with preload is defined by the equilibrium curve of equations (1) and (2) deviates slightly from the original shape (i.e. lies slightly inside). Ka(te, bang) The door 12 is subjected to bending stress in the rest state. However, when rotated to a certain speed, When the band is It again assumes the shape of an equilibrium curve, so it is loaded only in tension.

In addition to the previously mentioned method, the shape of the band 12 is changed during rotation according to equations (1) and (2). Correspondence to that defined by the equilibrium curve has been demonstrated using photographic techniques. can be revealed.

Bands 12 exhibiting different cross-sectional areas (formulas (IA), (2A) and (3A) ) may optionally also sample the struts 16 in the vicinity of the load-receiving area 18. A similarly configured It can be done.

In practice, depending on the band stiffness and the maximum rotor speed, equations (1) and (2) ) is stretched sufficiently to obtain the desired preload. It may not be possible to do so. In this case, an alternative strategy is to From the equilibrium curve defined by equations (1) and (2) when removed from The method is to use bands with offset shapes.

FIG. 13 shows such an alternative, with struts 16 aligned in the load receiving area. A rotor 10' using a band 12' is shown. Assembling to strut 16 The band 12' in front of the stand is indicated by the dashed line 12'P, while the strut 1 The shape of the band 12' when the rotor 10' is in rest state is actually The equilibrium curve 22 of equations (1) and (2), indicated by line 12'A, is shown in FIG. They are overlapped by dotted lines.

Along the neutral axis of the band 12'P before assembly (or the central axis of the band's cross-sectional area) When measuring between the radial center lines RCL of the load receiving area, the band 12'P before assembly is It extends a predetermined distance between Lactuat. Band 12' is assembled to rotor 10' When erected, the length Lacaual of the band 12'P before assembly is the band 12' The length of A is equal to La*mesab+sa. Distance Lmx*a*ゎ1. , is the load of the load receiving area of the band which follows the equilibrium curve of equations (1) and (2) between the receiving areas. The predetermined distance Lllqul□ゎr181 defined between the radial center lines is approximately equal to stomach. "Equal" means that the distance L aggsmblsd is equal to the distance L * qull It means existing within 1.5% to 2% of lbrlu+a.

The shape of the band 12'P before assembly is such that the band 12' has the desired compression pre-rotation after assembly. From the shape defined by equilibrium equations (1) and (2) to yield the It has to come off. Between the load receiving areas 1g', the band 12'P is flat before assembly. It is curved radially outward from the shape of the equilibrium curve 22. The maximum radial deviation is , occurring at the center between the load-receiving areas 18', which is indicated by H in FIG. Ru. Within the load-receiving region 18', the contour of the band iz'p extends over a distance ILaet□1 and distance Lag. In order to keep mb+aa equal, the corresponding distance is 3 minutes, half Curved radially inward.

When assembled, the load receiving area 1g' of the band 12'A is the same as the strut 1 6, it is held radially outward a distance of 5 minutes. With the assembled rotor, the load The shape of the band 12'A between the receiving areas 1g' lies within and to the equilibrium curve 22. change to exist in close proximity. The distance J, and thus the corresponding distance H, is 10' has sufficient structure and rigidity when assembled, and the rotor 10' 10' to ensure that it can withstand the unusual filling volume in the sample container being processed. determined by the amount of preload required.

The amount of preload imparted to the strut 16 by the band 12' is determined by the band 12'. The load receiving area 18' on the band 12' corresponds to the load on the band 12'P before assembly. It is a function of the distance J lying radially outside the receiving area 18'. preload The magnitude of is sufficiently smaller than the magnitude of the tension in the band during operation, and need only be of the size required to accomplish the function of You should be careful. Regardless of the preload selected, the band will tends to take the shape of the design equilibrium curve, and the compressive force in the strut is If it is true, it approaches a predetermined value which is 0 (.

This degree of control of strut compression when the rotor is running is controlled by the band During the operation, formulas (1), (2) or formulas (IA), (2A) and (3A) Therefore, a tensile band rotor that almost approximates the design equilibrium shape defined by Therefore, it is the only possibility. The bands are always approaching a known shape, so the sample The radial position of the carrier 30 or pad 32 at the design speed is It is determined independently from the The equilibrium curve that the rotor is designed to satisfy is therefore , the radial position of the sample carrier or pad is at the end of the strut 16. The compressive load between the trut and the sample carrier or pad is reduced to O at a predetermined speed. It is chosen to correspond to a radial position that is predicted to approach. strut end The foreseen radial position depends on the initial length of the strut itself under centrifugal action. It is determined by adding the increase in length due to force.

From the pre-assembled shape 12'P to its assembled (but dormant) shape 12'A The above described change in the shape of band 12' to causes some bending in band 12'. bring about stress. During operation, the shape of the band is defined by equations (1) and (2) It approaches the equilibrium shape that is It changes further.

If the rotor at operating speed is configured as defined by equations (1) and (2), In order to prove that the above-mentioned photographic technique almost approximates the equilibrium shape, can be used. The shape of the band during operation is different from the shape of band 12'P before assembly. , the band is loaded with a given total stress both in bending and in pure tension. be done. Pure tensile stress results in a small total stress within the band (both 90 %, more preferably 95%.

The same considerations mentioned in this section for bands of constant cross-section are equally valid. , bands of different cross sections, i.e. formulas (LA), (2A) and (3A ) also applies to bands that satisfy

However, the band formed to impart preload does not fit the strut 16. and the sample carrier 30 or transfer pad 32. Compression preload from band 12 or 12' must be supported. addition The interface 57 connects the hub 14 to the sample carrier 30 or transfer pad. It must be possible to transmit torque to the head 32 and to the band 12.12'.

In FIG. 11, the interface between struts 16 and sample carrier 30 is shown. The base 57 is a simple interface geometry capable of actively transmitting torque. It has an arc shape that provides a bird. In Figure 14, strut 16 and sample The interface 57 with the carrier 30 takes the form of a tongue-and-groove arrangement. vinegar A protrusion 64 at the end of the strut 16 allows loading from the strut 16 to the sample carrier 30. engages groove 65 in sample carrier 30 to provide polar torque transmission .

For pendulum packet rotors, load transfer pad 32 hetorl from strut 16 A similar arrangement can be used to convey the message. However, the pendulum type package In the case of a rotor, each strut 16 has two trunnion arms 16A at the end. , 16B. The end of each arm is attached to the pad 32. They are formed in an arc shape to engage with the correspondingly shaped recesses 67A and 67B. Ru. This arrangement is shown in FIG. Instead, each arm 16A, 16B The protrusions 1) 4A and 64B may be provided at the ends of the protrusions 1) 4A and 64B, respectively. Each protrusion 64A , 64B engage with the corresponding grooves 65A and 65B of the pad 32, respectively. .

Supporting the sample carrier 30 or pad 32 within the load receiving area 18.18' The band 12.1 has struts 16 extending radially outwardly to Eliminates shear and lateral stresses due to relative motion between 2' and strut ends do. This is most beneficial in case of severe unbalance conditions during rotor operation. Poor catch The condition is determined by the differential filling of sample containers processed in the rotor or by The absence of one or more containers from the fixed number that can be processed by the computer 10' may exist. Differential loads between sample carriers 30 are applied to struts 16. It is adapted by differential compressive loading. Strut into sample carrier It is aligned with the line of action of the centrifugal force acting on it, so no shear or lateral loads Not guided by struts.

The sample carrier 30 used for the rotor lo′ in FIGS. 11 to 13 is It is generally the same as that described in connection with FIGS. 4 to 9.

In particular, FIGS. 11 and 13 are plan views, and FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view. 1 shows a rotor 10' having a rotor carrier 3o. Each sample receiving cavity The axis 36A of the tee 36 is parallel to the rotational axis 10'A of the rotor 10'. Kaka The figures shown are similar to FIGS. 6 and 7.

15 and 16 show a rotor 10 with a band 12, 12' according to the invention. ’, the sample carrier 30 defines a fixed angle rotor. It is shaped as much as possible. Sample cavity 36 in sample carrier 3o The axis 36A is inclined with respect to the rotation axis 1i10'A of the rotor 10' (7). There is. The overcast diagram is similar to Figures 4 and 5.

As yet another alternative, as is clear from FIG. 17, the sample carrier 30 is It may be a Riko style. To this end, the carrier 30 is attached to the arm 1 of the strut 16. It is rotatably mounted on 6A and 16B and serves as a sample carrier during centrifugation. The axis 36A of each of the 30 cavities 36 extends from a generally vertical first position to a generally The sample carrier 30 is moved to a flat second position (in the second position, the axis 36A of the sample carrier 30 is It lies in a plane generally perpendicular to the axis of rotation 10'A of the rotor lO'. exactly as shown For this purpose, two of the sample carriers 30 are placed in the first position and the other two A is shown in the second position. Furthermore, the end of the sample carrier 30 support against a load transfer pad 32 located within the applied load receiving area 18 of the board 12. In the held position, means are provided for moving radially outwardly.

As an alternative to the manufacturing techniques described above, sample carriers 30 or loads, as the case may be. It is advantageous to properly position the transmission pad 32 in the cavity within the mandrel. It may be. The outer surface of sample carrier 30 or pad 32 is This forms part of the shape of the mandrel that defines the inner surface of the band 12.12'. Contact A stripe 21 of adhesive is applied to a sample carrier 30 or pad 32 . mosquito and the band 12.12' is placed on the mandrel using either tow or tape. It is formed by filament winding. Instead, the sample cache The resin that adheres to the material of the rear 30 is used as the resin of the band 12 and 12'. Good too. Prior to winding of band 1242', the outer surface of carrier 30 is , with a suitable stripping agent, leaving only the areas where bonding is desired (the thin stripes mentioned above). It will be masked.

Struts 16 are tightened to sample carrier 30 or pad 32, as the case may be. Mounted by snapping.

This appropriately forms a band 12.12' between the load receiving areas 18.18'. Simply squeeze the center between the load receiving areas inward using the jaws This is achieved by making it straight. This is effectively a sample The carrier 30 or pad 32 is moved outwardly and the hub 14 and strut 1 6 is allowed to be inserted. When the jaw is removed, a suitable preload will be applied. An assembled band is obtained.

Those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention as described above will appreciate that there are numerous variations thereof. will be able to do it. However, such variations are subject to the appended claims. within the contemplated scope of the present invention.

Additional notes Referring to the free body diagram in Figure 3A, calculate the equilibrium curve. A set of equations 1.2 and the derivatives of IA, 2A, 3A, and thereby the band The shape of the door 12 can be seen. FIG. 3A shows the center point 22G of the equilibrium curve 22 and The portion of the band between predetermined end points 22L-2 is shown.

Reference axes for rectangular and polar coordinate systems are also shown.

In the derivative, the end point 22L-2 is located on the band 12 in the load receiving area 18-2 (Fig. ), and the load-receiving area is the point through which the applied load acts. It is written as follows.

In a real band, the load receiving area has a finite distance on the band. each of these The radius of the band at a point is denoted Ro and RL, respectively. A certain radius R and radius R The angular distance between the two is indicated by the angle θ. Center point 22C and end points of equilibrium curve 22 The portion of the equilibrium curve 22 that is not shown in FIG. 3A with 22L-1 is shown in FIG. 3A. It is symmetrical to the part of the equilibrium curve 22 shown in FIG.

The free body diagram illustrates the force acting on band 12 while the band is rotating. Ru. According to the invention, the band 12 has the same shape both when it is at rest and when it is rotating. van The shape of the band is subject to only tensile forces during rotation of the band. In other words, the band's During rolling, a tensile force on the band acts on the band due to the mass of the band (centrifugal force and load Balances the load on the band in the receiving area.

As can be seen from the free-body diagram, each end of a section of the band is subjected to a tensile force.

The tensile forces are denoted To and T, respectively at the center point 22C and end point 22L of the band. It shows the tensile force applied to -1. The magnitude of the illustrated tensile force on the band is the load on the band originally caused by the weight of the sample and the weight of the sample carrier. The centrifugal force acting on the center of mass of the band, including the load on the band caused by be done.

In the X direction, by summing up these forces and then differentiating them, we get the following: Ru: dFx=-dT, (A) Similarly, in the X direction, by summing these forces and then differentiating them, we get the following: It becomes: dF, = dT, (B) As can be seen from FIGS. 3B and 3C, the differential division of the band ntial segment) The mass of ds is dll, its cross-sectional area is A, and its angular velocity is If the degree is ω and the density is γ, the differential centrifugal force dF of the differential section of the band is expressed as: dF=　Rc,+　dIo(C) Instead of the differential mass dm, substitute the expression (γA ds>(1/g) into equation (C) hand: dF = (y A ω”) (1/g) (Rds) (From DJ Figure 3C, the phase From a quasi-triangle: dF/dFx=R/x; dF/dFy=R/ydF, =dF(x/R ); dF, = dF(y/R) (E) Formula (From DJ and (E), the composition of dF Minutes are: dF, = (y A ω”) (1/g) x ds (F) dF, = (y　ω　ω”)(1/g)y　ds　(G) From formulas (A) and (F): dT, /ds = − (r A ω”) (1/g) x (H) and formula CB) From (G): dT, /ds = (y A ω”) (1/g) y (I) Free object in Figure 3A From the line diagram: T”=Ty”+T,” Differentiate and divide by 2: TdT = T, dT, +T, dT engineering TdT = T, [(T, /T,)dT, +dT, l (J) Vector ds and T Since the directions of are the same (perpendicular to the end faces of the band sections), from the similar triangles in Figure 3A, :(Ty/T-) = (dy/dx); T, =T(dx/ds) (K) formula Substituting (K) into formula (J): TdT = T (dx/ds) [-(dy/dx) dT, + dT,] (L ) Formula (L) can be simplified to: dT = - (dT, /ds) dy + (dT, /ds) dx (MJ formula (H) From (I): dT=-[(γA　ω”)　(1/g)yldy+[(γA(A)勺(1/g) xl dx (N) and dT = - (y A c, +”) (1/g) (y dy + x dx) (0) Assuming that the cross section of the waveform is constant, integrating equation (0) from the limit value T0 to T: T-T. = − (y A ω”) (1/2 g) (y” − Ro” + X =) (P ) From Figure 3C, considering (y" + x") = R'", formula (P) is: T-T0 = −(T A ω”) (1/2g) (R” − Ro”) (Q) Formula ( Q) and rearrange it, T=To-[(y　A　ω”)(1/2g)lR o"[(R/Ro)"-1](R) Formula (R) is T. and reconsidering the assumption that the cross section of the band is constant, the stress Considering that is the tensile force per unit area (i.e., σ.=To/Ao), Formula (R) is: T/T0=1-[(Y(,J"Ro")(I/2g)(1/ao))X [(R/R6)”-11(S) and T/T0=1-(K/2 [(R/RO)”-1)) (T) Here, K = [(Y　ω”　Ro Town (1/g)　(1/cy　o)l　(2) In Figure 3A From the free object diagram, sum up the moments around the origin: TORO=　TθR(U) Tθ/To = R0/R(V) In Figure 3A, from the triangle of force of vector T: TR” + Tθ2 = T2 Rearrange T. ! Divide by: (TI/To)”=　(T/To)”　-(To/To)”(W) Formula (■) and (T) into equation (W): (T*/To)”=(1-(K/2)[(R /RO)"-1]))"(TR/T,) = RAD (1-(K/2) [(R /RO)"-11)"-(R,/R)"(X) Multiply the right side of formula (X) by R/R, and multiply the left side by (T0/To) (formula (V) (T, /To) is equal to R/R,): (T, /To) = (R/R, )　RAD　(1-(K/2[(R/R,)"-11))"-(R,/R)" (Y) Vector Rdθ and vector dR are each vector T. and same as T3 Since it extends in the direction, from similar triangles: T, /To=dR/Rdθ (21 Multiply the numerator and denominator of formula (Z) by (1/R,): T, l/Tθ=d(R/RO )/[(R/R,)dθ] (AA) Simplify: (R/R,)(T,/T)=d(R/R,)/do(BB)θ Therefore, for a band with a constant area, by substituting equation (Y) into equation (BB): d(R/R,)/dθ=　(R/rto)”xRAD　(1(K/2[(R/R e)"-1]))"-(R/Ro)"Here, K=[(y CJ""Ro ”) (1/g) (1/a, )], 0 < K < 1 (2) The constants include shape factors for each equation that satisfies differential equation (1). e factor) K is defined. Since the band receives only tensile force while rotating, The shape factor must be limited to the range O<K<1. If K is these If the limit is exceeded, equilibrium cannot be maintained. The physical explanation for the limit of K is It can be appreciated by considering the range of loads that can be accommodated by the band of the invention.

As can be seen from Figure 3D, differential equation (1) defines a family of equilibrium curves. Shape If the factor K = 1, the equilibrium curve will be circular. However, the circular equilibrium curve means that there is no component of the tensile force in the band used to support the load experienced by the band. Taste. During rotation, it is unrealistic that a band subjected to only tensile forces accommodates zero load. The results will be significant. Therefore, to support the load, a circular band is It must undergo bending.

If the shape factor = O, the equilibrium curve will be a straight line. In this case, the band's There is no component of the band's tensile force that can be used to support the centrifugal force on the mass. straight line flat It is clear that a band that has an equilibrium curve and receives only a tensile force during rotation must have zero mass. This is clearly an unreasonable result.

Therefore, the band of the invention subjected only to tensile forces during rotation necessarily has O<K<1 It has a shape factor K in the range of .

Based on the present invention (equilibrium curves of all bands (i.e. subjected only to tensile force during rotation) ) is in the band portion that approximately corresponds to one of the equilibrium curves defined by equation (1). Figure 3 shows the equilibrium curve between the center point and the end points.

To determine the band equilibrium curve used in an actual rotor, the band is first removed from the strut that attaches the head to the hub. Next, the actual band outline will be printed. lot will be made. The equilibrium curve extends through the center of the band. In the actual rotor, The angle θ (in degrees) of the radius passing through the load point (radius RL) from the axis of rotation is related to: Received from the person in charge: θ=360/(2N) where N is the number of places on the rotor. Therefore, the actual row One end point of the rotor's equilibrium curve is exactly adjacent to the load-bearing area of the actual rotor. point on the band. The center point (radius R,) of the band is almost always (the necessity is This is the point of attaching the strut to the band. Only the tensile force is applied while the band is rotating. , the equilibrium curve of the band is approximately one of the equilibrium curves shown in Figure 3D. Match. In other words, the equilibrium curve of the band from the actual rotor is the relationship between Ro and RL. one of the curves in the range between, or one of the equilibrium curves falls within the range of

To prove that such a band is subjected only to tensile forces, a brittle lacquer struts (preferably, as already mentioned, strut the rotor) before removing it from the For brittle lacquer testing, please contact Ch. arles E, Richard C, Do published by Merrill Books. rExperimental 5tre co-authored by ve and Paul H, Adams ss Analysis and Motion Measurement J (1964). Make sure the band only experiences tension Other tests are also available. Such tests apply strain to the inside and outside of the radial surface of the band. Includes mounting the gauge.

On the other hand, in the first differential equations (1) and (2), the cross-sectional area A of the band (3rd B (Fig.) is constant, the tensile force and therefore the stress in the band will change. . However, the present invention deals with the opposite case where the stress is constant and the cross-sectional area changes. It may also be contemplated for bands.

For a band with varying cross section and constant stress: dT=-(yAω”)(1/g)(ydy+xdx) (0) Set 2 to the numerator and denominator Also, the stress is the tensile force per unit area (i.e., σ = T/A). Considering that, dT=-(yTω”)(1/2g)(1/ao)(2ydy+2xd x) (CC) In formula (CC), divide both sides by T and consider the derivatives of y2 and X3: dT/T=-(y　ω”)　(1/2g)　(1/a　o)　(dy”+　d x”) (DD) Considering that d y” + dx” = d(R”) in Figure 3C: dT/T=-(γω2) (1/2g) (1/σ.) (dR”) (EE) Limit value T. to T (for variable T), from limit value R8 to R (for variable R) ), the equation (DD) is integrated to obtain the factor R, ): 1n (T/To) = (γω"RO") (1/2g) (1/cy o)X[(R/Ro)”-1] (FF) However, considering K in equation (2), equation (FF) becomes: in (T/To) = -K /2 [((R/R0)”-1] (GG) Take the natural logarithm: (T/To) = exp (-K/2 [(R/Ro)" l]) (HH) mode sum up the equations fW) and (V): (Tll/To) = RAD (r/ ra)"-(R/R,)" (II) From formula (HH): (T*/To) = RAD eXp (-K[(R/Ro)"-1])-( R/R,)” (JJ) Multiplying the right side of the formula (JJ) by R/Ro means multiplying the left side by (T, /T8) (this is the formula (V) equals R/RO): (Tll/To) = (R/Ro) RAD exp (-K[(R/Ro)-11)-(R/RO)" (KK) This expression is equivalent to: (Tll/To) = RAD [(R/Re circle x (exp(K[(R/Re) ”-11) 1) (LL) From similar triangles, equation (Z) and equation (AA) are: (TR /Tθ) = d(R)/Rdθ= d(R/R,,)/(R/RO)dθd( R/RO)/dθ= (R/R,) (TR/To) (BB) Therefore, constant For a band subjected to stress but with variable cross-sectional area: d(R/R,)/dθ=(R/Ro) RAD [(R/Ra)”]X (ex p(-K[(R/Ra)”-1])-1) (LA)K=[(γω”Ro ”) (1/g) (1/σ.)] (2A) (A/A0)”exp(-(K/ 2) [(R/R0)"-1]) (3A) FIG, 13 FIG. 14 FIG. 18 FIG. 17 18,181 Copy and translation of written amendment) Submission form (Article 184-8 of the Patent Law) September 1, 1993

Claims (39)

[Claims] 1. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; the band is removed from the strut that attaches the band to the hub; when the band is at rest, the band is in contact with the applied load-receiving area. has an equilibrium curve defined between, this equilibrium curve has a center point along it; The distance between the axis and the center point in a plane perpendicular to the axis is defined by a fixed reference line R0, Therefore, in a plane orthogonal to the axis, any angular position from the reference line R0 at the position θ, the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of the applied load receiving areas; Any point on the equilibrium curve between The distance R at the angular position θ is defined by the following relationship, and d(R/R 0)/dθ=(R/R0)2RAD(1{K/2[(R/R0)2-1]})2 -(R/R0)2(1) Here, K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σo)] (2) ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, each strut is attached to a load-receiving area of said band; Liaoxin machine rotor featuring. 2. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; the band is removed from the strut that attaches the band to the hub; when the band is at rest, the band is in contact with the applied load-receiving area. has an equilibrium curve defined between, this equilibrium curve has a center point along it; The distance between the axis and the center point in a plane perpendicular to the axis is defined by a fixed reference line R0, Therefore, in a plane orthogonal to the axis, any angular position from the reference line R0 at the position θ, the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of the applied load receiving areas; Any point on the equilibrium curve between The distance R at the angle θ is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=(R/R0)RAD[(R/R0)2]×(exp{- K[(R/R0)2-1]}-1) (1A) K=1(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)](2A)(A/A0)=exp{-(K/2)[(R/R0)2 -1]} (3A) Here, ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, each strut is attached to a load-receiving area of said band; A centrifuge rotor featuring: 3. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; the band is removed from the strut that attaches the band to the hub; when the band is at rest, the band is in contact with the applied load-receiving area. has an equilibrium curve defined between, this equilibrium curve has a center point along it; The distance between the axis and the center point in a plane perpendicular to the axis is defined by a fixed reference line R0, Therefore, in a plane orthogonal to the axis, any angular position from the reference line R0 at the position θ, the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of the applied load receiving areas; Any point on the equilibrium curve between , each distance Ractual is close to a certain reference distance R, and this corresponding angular position θ The distance R in is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=( R/R0)2RAD(1{K/2[(R/R0)2-1]})2-(R/R0) 2(1) Here, K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2) ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, each strut is attached to a load-receiving area of said band; A centrifuge rotor featuring: 4. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; The applied load receiving area has a predetermined angular distance (2θ ), and each point of said band midway through said applied load receiving area is spaced apart from said axis. having a cross-sectional area in a plane extending radially from the line, the cross-sectional area of the band is constant at each point along said band midway through said applied load receiving area; When the band rotates, only tensile stress is applied to the band, each strut is attached to a load-receiving area of said band; Liaoxin machine rotor featuring. 5. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; The applied load receiving area has a predetermined angular distance (2θ ), and each point of said band midway through said applied load receiving area is spaced apart from said axis. The band has a cross-sectional area in a plane extending radially from the line, and the cross-sectional area of the band is at each point along said band midway through the common load receiving area, so that said band When the band rotates, tensile stress is applied to this band, each strut is attached to a load-receiving area of said band; A centrifuge rotor featuring: 6. An endless band that can be used as a load receiving band for centrifuge rotors. , the band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least a first and a second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon, and an applied load receiving area defined between said applied load receiving areas. has an equilibrium curve with a center point along it and with respect to said axis. The distance between the axis and the center point in a plane orthogonal to each other is determined by a predetermined reference line R0. defined by Therefore, in a plane orthogonal to the axis, any angular position from the reference line R0 at the position θ, the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of the applied load receiving areas; Any point on the equilibrium curve between , each distance Ractual is close to a certain reference distance R, and this corresponding angular position θ The distance R in is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=( R/R0) RAD[(R/R0)2]×(exp{-K[(R/R0)2-1] }-1) (1A) K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2A) ( A/A0)=exp{-(K/2)[(R/R0)2-1]}(3A) where, ω is angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band; 0<K<1 A band featuring. 7. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with A centrifuge rotor consisting of The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; the band is removed from the strut that attaches the band to the hub; when the band is at rest, the band is in contact with the applied load-receiving area. has an equilibrium curve defined between, this equilibrium curve has a center point along it; The distance between the axis and the center point in a plane perpendicular to the axis is defined by a fixed reference line R0, Therefore, in a plane orthogonal to the axis, any angular position from the reference line R0 at the position θ, the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of the applied load receiving areas; Any point on the equilibrium curve between , each distance Ractual is close to a certain reference distance R, and this corresponding angular position θ The distance R in is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=( R/R0) RAD[(R/R0)2]×(exp{-K[(R/R0)2-1] }-1) (1A) K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2A) ( A/A0)=exp{-(K/2)[(R/R0)2-1]}(3A) where, ω is angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band; 0<K<1 A centrifuge rotor featuring: 8. An endless band that can be used as a load receiving band for Liaoxin machine rotor. , said rotor has at least first and second retaining struts thereon; The band has a central axis extending therethrough and has at least first and second fittings. a load receiving area is defined thereon; When removed from the strut, the bands are centered at each of the load-receiving areas. tensioned by a predetermined distance Lactual measured along the neutral axis of said band between is, When mounted on the strut, the band is inserted into each of the load receiving areas. a predetermined distance measured along the neutral axis of the band between the cores It is stretched by the amount of the said when mounted on the strut between the load receiving areas thereon; The shape of the band approximates the equilibrium curve defined between the applied load receiving area. Ori, the equilibrium curve has a center point along it, and an axis between the axis and the center point; The distance of the plane orthogonal to is defined by a predetermined reference line R0, so that At any angular position θ from the reference line R0 on the plane perpendicular to the axis the equilibrium between the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of said applied load receiving areas; Any point on the curve is placed at a predetermined distance R from said axis and at this corresponding angular position. The distance R at the position θ is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ =(R/R0)2RAD(1{K/2[(R/R0)2-1]})2-(R/R 0)2(1) Here, K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2) ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, The distance Lassembled corresponds to each half of the load receiving area of the band. A predetermined distance defined between the radial centerline and substantially A band characterized by being equal to . 9. An endless band that can be used as a load receiving band for centrifuge rotors. , said rotor has at least first and second retaining struts thereon; The band has a central axis extending therethrough and has at least first and second fittings. a load receiving area is defined thereon; When removed from the strut, the bands are centered at each of the load-receiving areas. tensioned by a predetermined distance Lactual measured along the neutral axis of said band between is, When mounted on the strut, the band is inserted into each of the load receiving areas. a predetermined distance measured along the neutral axis of the band between the cores It is stretched by the amount of the said when mounted on the strut between the load receiving areas thereon; The shape of the band approximates the equilibrium curve defined between the applied load receiving area. Ori, the equilibrium curve has a center point along it, and an axis between the axis and the center point; The distance of the plane orthogonal to is defined by a predetermined reference line R0, so that At any angular position θ from the reference line R0 on the plane perpendicular to the axis the equilibrium between the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of said applied load receiving areas; Any point on the curve is placed at a predetermined distance R from said axis and at this corresponding angular position. The distance R at the position θ is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ =(R/R0)RAD[(R/R0)2]×(exp{-K[(R/Ro)2- 1]}-1) (1A) K=[(γω2R02)(1/g)(1/σ0)](2A )(A/A0)=exp{-(K/2)[(R/R0)2-1]}(3A) here and ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, The distance Lassembled corresponds to each half of the load receiving area of the band. A predetermined distance defined between the radial centerline and substantially A band characterized by being equal to . 10. It is an endless band that can be used as a load receiving band for Liaoshin machine rotor. The band has a central axis extending therethrough and has at least a first and a first axis. two applied load-accepting areas are defined thereon, said applied load-accepting areas extending along said axis; A predetermined angular distance (2θ) is maintained in a plane orthogonal to Each point of said band in the middle of the volume area is in a plane extending radially from said axis. the band has a cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area of the band being constant at each point along the band, so that when said band rotates, the forward The band is loaded with a predetermined total stress due to bending and pure tensile force, and the The stress corresponding to the perfect tensile force is at least equal to the total stress applied to the band. Be 90% A band featuring. 11. It is an endless band that can be used as a load receiving band for Liaoshin machine rotor. The band has a central axis extending therethrough and has at least a first and a first axis. two applied load-accepting areas are defined thereon, said applied load-accepting areas extending along said axis; A predetermined angular distance (2θ) is maintained in a plane orthogonal to Each point of said band in the middle of the volume area is in a plane extending radially from said axis. the band has a cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area of the band being changes at each point along the band, so that when said band is rotated, said band is loaded with only a given total stress due to bending and pure tension; The stress corresponding to the tension is at least 90% of the total stress applied to the band. A band characterized by: 12. a hub having at least first and second struts; Application of centrifuge rotor Endless band that can be used as load receiving band Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; When removed from the strut, the bands are centered at each of the load-receiving areas. tensioned by a predetermined distance Lactual measured along the neutral axis of said band between is, When mounted on the strut at the load receiving area, the band a predetermined distance measured along the neutral axis of said band between the respective centers of the receiving areas; Before the struts are stretched and mounted on the struts. the shape of said band approximates the shape of an equilibrium curve defined between said load receiving areas; the equilibrium curve has a center point along it, and an axis between the axis and the center point; The distance of the plane orthogonal to is defined by a predetermined reference line R0, so that At any angular position θ from the reference line R0 on the plane perpendicular to the axis the equilibrium between the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of said applied load receiving areas; Any point on the curve is placed at a predetermined distance R from said axis and at this corresponding angular position. The distance R at the position θ is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ =(R/R0)2RAD(1{K/2[(R/R0)2-1]})2-(R/R 0)2(1) Here, K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2) ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1, The distance Lassembled corresponds to each half of the load receiving area of the band. a predetermined distance defined between the radial centerline and substantially A centrifuge rotor characterized in that it is equal to . 13. each strut is attached to an applied load receiving area of said band; The centrifuge rotor according to claim 12, characterized in that: 14. a hub having at least first and second struts; Application of centrifuge rotor Endless band that can be used as load receiving band Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; When removed from the strut, the bands are centered at each of the load-receiving areas. tensioned by a predetermined distance Lactual measured along the neutral axis of said band between is, When mounted on the strut at the load receiving area, the band a predetermined distance measured along the neutral axis of said band between the respective centers of the receiving areas; Before the struts are stretched and mounted on the struts. the shape of said band approximates the shape of an equilibrium curve defined between said load receiving areas; the equilibrium curve has a center point along it, and an axis between the axis and the center point; The distance of the plane orthogonal to is defined by a predetermined reference line R0, so that At any angular position θ from the reference line R0 on the plane perpendicular to the axis the equilibrium between the center point of the equilibrium curve and a point close to one of said applied load receiving areas; Any point on the curve is placed at a predetermined distance R from said axis and at this corresponding angular position. The distance R at the position θ is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ =(R/R0)RAD[(R/R0)2]×(exp{-K[(R/R0)2- 1]}-1) (1A) K=[(γω2R02)(1/g)(1/σ0)](2A )(A/A0)=exp{-(K/2)[(R/R0)2-1]}(3A) here and ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the load of the band, and 0<K<1, The distance Lassembled corresponds to each half of the load receiving area of the band. A predetermined distance defined between the radial centerline and substantially A centrifuge rotor characterized in that it is equal to . 15. each strut is attached to an applied load receiving area of said band; The centrifuge rotor according to claim 14, characterized in that: 16. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; The applied load receiving area has a predetermined angular distance (2θ ), and each point of said band midway through said applied load receiving area is spaced apart from said axis. having a cross-sectional area in a plane extending radially from the line, the cross-sectional area of the band is constant at each point along said band midway through said applied load receiving area; When the band is rotated, there is a force on the band due to bending and pure tensile forces. A given total stress is applied to the band, and the stress corresponding to the pure tensile force is be at least 90% of the total stress applied to the A centrifuge rotor featuring: 17. each strut is attached to an applied load receiving area of said band; The centrifuge rotor according to claim 16, characterized in that: 18. a hub having at least first and second struts; Endless bars mounted on the struts and can be used as applied load-receiving bands with Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second an applied load receiving area is defined thereon; The applied load receiving area has a predetermined angular distance (2θ ), and each point of said band midway through said applied load receiving area is spaced apart from said axis. having a cross-sectional area in a plane extending radially from the line, the cross-sectional area of the band is constant at each point along said band midway through said applied load receiving area; When the band is rotated, there is a force on the band due to bending and pure tensile forces. Only a given total stress is applied, and the stress corresponding to the pure tensile force is be at least 90% of the total stress applied to the band; A centrifuge rotor featuring: 19. each strut is attached to an applied load receiving area of said band; The centrifuge rotor according to claim 18, characterized in that: 20. a hub having at least first and second struts; Applicable with endless band which can be used as load receiving band Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second An applied load receiving area is defined thereon, each strut having an applied load receiving area of said band. installed in the storage area, The band is mounted on the strut that attaches the band to the hub. and while the band is rotating, the band is in contact with the applied load receiving area. It has a shape that approximates the equilibrium curve defined between between the axis and the center point in a plane that has a center point and is perpendicular to the axis; is defined by a predetermined reference line R0 and is therefore perpendicular to said axis. At any angular position θ from the reference line R0, the center of the equilibrium curve Any point on the equilibrium curve between the point and a point adjacent to one of said applied load receiving areas is , located at a predetermined distance R from said axis, and said distance at this corresponding angular position θ The distance R is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=(R/R0)2R AD(1{K/2[(R/R0)2-1]})2-(R/R0)2(1) Here, K = [(γω2R02) (1/g) (1/σ0)] (2) ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band, and 0<K<1 A centrifuge rotor featuring: 21. The band has a radially inner surface and a radially outer surface thereon, and the equilibrium curve is The line is defined substantially midway between these radially inner surfaces and radially outer surfaces. 21. The centrifuge rotor according to claim 20. 22. Claim 2, wherein the band is made of a composite material. The centrifuge rotor described in Section 1. 23. The composite material was formed of uniaxial fibers surrounded by a matrix. 23. The centrifuge rotor according to claim 22, which is a tape. 24. the band has an associated cross-sectional area between the applied load receiving areas; , the cross-sectional area of the band between the applied load receiving areas is substantially constant; The centrifuge rotor according to claim 20, characterized in that: 25. Claim 2, wherein the band is made of a composite material. The centrifuge rotor described in Section 4. 26. The composite material was formed of uniaxial fibers surrounded by a matrix. 26. The centrifuge rotor according to claim 25, which is a tape. 27. Each strut connects the bar through a connection that cannot support tensile loads. claim 1, wherein the application load receiving area is mounted on the application load receiving area of the A centrifuge rotor as described in paragraph 20. 28. a sample carrier attached to the load receiving area of the band; , each strut connects this sample carrier through contacts that support compression rather than tension. The centrifugal device according to claim 20, characterized in that the centrifugal device is rear mounted. machine rotor. 29. a load transfer pad attached to the load receiving area of the band; The struts transmit the load through contacts that support compression rather than tension. Liaoxin machine according to claim 20, characterized in that the Liaoxin machine is mounted on a board. Rotor. 30. The shape of said band during rotation is defined by equations (1) and (2). The centrifuge rotor according to claim 20, characterized in that: . 31. a hub having at least first and second struts; Applicable with endless band which can be used as load receiving band Equipped with The band has a central axis extending therethrough and includes at least first and second An applied load receiving area is defined thereon, each strut having an applied load receiving area of said band. installed in the storage area, The band is mounted on the strut that attaches the band to the hub. and while the band is rotating, the band is in contact with the applied load receiving area. This equilibrium curve has a shape that approximates the equilibrium curve defined between between the axis and the center point in a plane that has a center point and is perpendicular to the axis; is defined by a predetermined reference line R0 and is therefore perpendicular to said axis. At any angular position θ from the reference line R0, the center of the equilibrium curve Any point on the equilibrium curve between the point and a point adjacent to one of said applied load receiving areas is , located at a predetermined distance R from said axis, and said distance at this corresponding angular position θ The distance R is defined by the following relationship, d(R/R0)/dθ=(R/R0)RA D[(R/R0)2]×(exp{-K[(R/R0)2-1]}-1)(1A )K=[(γω2R02)(1/g)(1/σ0)](2A)(A/A0)=e xp{-(K/2) [(R/R0)2-1]} (3A) where ω is the angular velocity γ is the density of the band, g is gravitational acceleration, σ is the stress in the band; 0<K<1 A centrifuge rotor featuring: 32. The band has a radially inner surface and a radially outer surface thereon, and the equilibrium curve is The line is defined substantially midway between these radially inner surfaces and radially outer surfaces. 32. The centrifuge rotor according to claim 31. 33. Claims characterized in that the band is formed of a homogeneous material. The centrifuge rotor described in item 32. 34. Claims characterized in that the band is formed of metal. A centrifuge rotor as described in paragraph 33. 35. Each strut connects the bar through a connection that cannot support tensile loads. claim 1, wherein the application load receiving area is mounted on the application load receiving area of the Centrifuge rotor as described in paragraph 31. 36. a sample carrier attached to the load receiving area of the band; , each strut connects this sample carrier through contacts that support compression rather than tension. The centrifugal device according to claim 31, wherein the centrifugal device is mounted on the rear. machine rotor. 37. a load transfer pad attached to the load receiving area of the band; The struts transmit the load through contacts that support compression rather than tension. The centrifuge according to claim 31, characterized in that the centrifuge is mounted on a board. Rotor. 38. The shape of the band during rotation is given by equations (1A), (2A) and (3 A) centrifuge rotor. 39. A centrifuge rotor rotatable at predetermined first and second angular velocities, at least first and second struts extending radially outwardly; and a band mounted on the strut. the band is connected to the strut by a connection that cannot support tensile loads; , when the rotor is at rest, the band applies a predetermined compressive load to the strut; This load is applied in the zero direction as the rotor accelerates to the first predetermined angular velocity. decreases so that when said first predetermined angular velocity is achieved, the compressive load is substantially becomes 0, the rotor accelerates beyond the first predetermined angular velocity to the second predetermined angular velocity; The strut is characterized in that the strut disengages driving engagement with the band as the strut increases. centrifuge rotor.