JPH06504143A - photographic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] photographic equipment Technical field The present invention relates to an apparatus for transferring thermal energy or chemicals through a fluid medium. and, more particularly, in processing light-sensitive materials such as photographic film or paper. Concerning transport as described above.

Background technology Conventional film (or paper) processing equipment It is not possible to perform sufficient stirring. As a result, the amount of reactants is reduced and the reaction is generated. A layer of rich liquid will be present on the surface of the film. The above layer is chemical It is a boundary layer. The boundary layer corresponds to the speed at which photochemicals are transported during photographic processing. and the concentration of photochemicals in the film. Any effects can be dealt with adversely affect speed and quality. similar thermal boundaries, which are areas of reduced temperature; layer is present on the surface of the film in the drying part of the processor or processing equipment. occurs in a layer of gas.

After analyzing conventional processors and making experimental measurements, we found that It was found that there is a boundary layer thick enough to be a parameter.

More specifically, chemicals and thermal energy pass through a chemical boundary layer and a thermal boundary layer. transport occurs more slowly than transport through the film itself. With this condition, Processing speeds are low, processing paths are excessively long, and processes that include drying areas The size of the sensor increases. Also, to maintain reasonable mass transfer rates, The temperature of the boundary layer chemicals in the process must be too high, making it difficult to use process chemicals efficiently. In dryer areas for drying processors that cannot be used Temperatures may need to be excessively high to maintain a reasonable film drying rate; Inability to use energy efficiently.

The rate of movement of the chemical substance through the boundary layer to the surface of the film is determined by the first step. It can be approximated by the formula below.

m/A=D・ΔC/δ In the above formula, m = mass transfer rate (duram/sec), A = area of film (cm, D = chemical diffusion coefficient (am”/sec), ΔC = concentration gradient (Durham/am3) Ru.

The ratio of diffusion coefficient/δ is commonly referred to as the mass transfer coefficient. If the mass transfer coefficient is large , for a given 1 degree difference between the film and the liquid, there is a large chemical mass transfer rate. arise. Diffusion coefficient is a function of variables such as molecule size and temperature. diffusion coefficient increases the temperature of the processing solution (thus increasing the rate of chemical mass transfer) ), but this requires complicated equipment. need to be used, which increases processing costs. Not so (increasing the temperature Separately, chemical mass transfer can be improved by reducing the thickness of the chemical boundary layer. The dynamic speed can be increased.

In the conventional technology, when the agitation is strengthened, the thickness of the boundary layer decreases, and the boundary layer with the decreased thickness The interface layer is known to increase the development density of the film. Also, continuous spray Processing the film with (jet impingement) or turbulence increases the degree of agitation; It is also known that the thickness of the boundary layer is significantly reduced. Gorton and Akfiller Gordon and Akf 1rat's paper ("HeatTran sfer Characteristics of Impinging Tw o-Dimensional Air Jets”: Jou in February 1966 rnal of Heat Transfer, pp. 101-108) The research on impingement air jets in the area is summarized. The report The results showed that the use of direct impingement jets resulted in extremely large heat transfer coefficients. Also, its extremely high heat transfer coefficient In other words, it decreases rapidly as the distance from the stagnation point increases; This reduction results in an average value significantly lower than the maximum value over a longer collision region. It has been shown that a coefficient occurs.

In general, in order to achieve proper mixing, flow velocities with a high degree of turbulence or jet impingement are required. , it is extremely difficult to achieve a uniform treatment process, and the reason is that Non-laminar fluid conditions include non-uniform fluid turbulence such as turbulent pockets and vortices. This is because there is no reason. In addition, turbulent flow can occur in areas where this turbulent flow does not work effectively, especially in film consumes a large amount of energy in areas away from the surface. Furthermore, turbulence and jet Processing large areas where uniformity is a bigger problem when using cut collisions It is difficult to do so.

For the reasons mentioned above, processors currently in use generally A roller conveyance type process in which the paper is conveyed through the solution in the tank by rolling. It's Sasa. Such processors are more uniform compared to impinging jets or turbulent flows. However, its size is large and it is not efficient, so the above-mentioned This includes boundary layer problems.

Disclosure of invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminar flow of gaseous fluid while processing the web and to Reduces the rapid formation of interfacial layers and the reduction in chemical or thermal transfer speed due to wrinkling. An object of the present invention is to provide a processor that minimizes the above-mentioned drawbacks by Ru.

In a preferred embodiment (2), the above purpose is to means for forming an elongated passageway for receiving (in the form of a tube or sheet) 33 fluids at one or more injection points. is injected into the passageway. Fluid is discharged from the passageway at a spaced discharge point. It will be done.

Each injection point is provided between two discharge points and spaced from the discharge points from ζt1. This allows the fluid to flow in laminar flow from the injection point to the discharge point, is discharged when the boundary layer reaches a predetermined minimum thickness.

Brief description of the drawing In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the drawings described below. However, in the drawing, FIG. 1 is a partially cross-sectional perspective view of a parallel plate type processor of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic fluid circulation path of the parallel processor of the present invention. and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an end wall and an outlet or inlet of the processor shown in FIG. 2; , FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of multiple processors arranged in series, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of multiple processors arranged in series. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the card-type processor, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the case where the example is applied to the processing of photosensitive materials; FIG. 7 shows the boundary layer thickness of the processor shown in FIG. 2 compared to the boundary layer thickness of the prior art processor. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the stabilizing effect of the fluid cushion in comparison with the thickness of the layer. FIG. 9 is a curve representing the force of drying for photographic film or photographic paper according to the present invention. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the air bearing shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the air bearing shown in FIG. The device shown in Figures 9 and 10 with a 4cm wide bearing and the commercially available The results were actually measured and compared with a dryer equipped with an impingement jet device. FIG. 12 shows the values of the heat transfer coefficient, and FIG. It is an exploded perspective view of a part of the mud dryer. Figure 13 is similar to Figure 12, but some parts have been removed to show the structure in more detail. FIG. FIG. 14 shows the structure of the manifold of FIG. 12 with a portion of the cover plate removed. A plan view, 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15-L5 in FIG. 14, and FIG. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a region 205 in detail in an enlarged manner, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the inlet and outlet openings of the dryer shown in FIG. 18 shows the dryer being conveyed through the dryer shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. It is a side view showing the state of the web being hit by FIG. 19 shows the tab shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 assembled with film transport rollers. It is a side view of a type dryer. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, and FIG. 1 schematically shows a fluid conduit of a film prosensor according to a further embodiment of the invention. It is a sectional view shown together with FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a film processor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 depicts a processor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, with the top of the drawing to show its internal components. FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of the processor shown in FIG. 23, and FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of the processor shown in FIG. FIG. FIGS. 26A to 26G show the process shown in FIGS. 23 and 24. FIG. 27 is a front elevational view showing the manifold plate or wall of the pump; 24 is a front elevational view, partially cut away, of the processor shown in FIG. 23 to show the chamber; FIG. 28 is a partially cutaway side view of the processor shown in FIG. 23 to show the pump chamber. It is a front view, FIG. 29 is an enlarged view of the bottom group of hydrodynamic bearings of the processor shown in FIG. 23; , 30 and 31 are enlarged views of a portion of the fluid bearing used in the processor of FIG. FIG. 32A to 32C show three types of fluid bearings used on the processor shown in FIG. 23. It is an enlarged sectional view showing the form, FIG. 33 is a side view of a fluid bearing of another embodiment of the processor shown in FIG. 23.

Although the present invention is disclosed with respect to the processing of photosensitive materials, the present invention by the diffusion of chemicals or chemical energy through a gaseous or gaseous boundary layer. What process is slowed down or through an adjacent thermal boundary layer? Can be applied to any process whose speed is controlled by heat transfer needs to be understood. The term "fluid" also refers to gaseous substances, including air and water. It is to be understood that this includes liquid and liquid media.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, processing fluid is circulated to remove photographic film (or paper) F. A basic parallel plate type processor 8 for contacting photosensitive materials such as It is shown. The processor shown in FIG. 2 includes a pair of spaced parallel plates 10. ．． 12, between which the film F is conveyed. A passage 13 is formed. The plate is defined by front and rear end walls 14. Supported and juxtaposed solution injection ports or slits 16.18 are provided. The injection port allows the solution under pressure to flow through the passages on both sides of the film F. forming a fluid injection point for injection into 13; Injection points 16 and 18 respectively A pair of manifold plates 2o, 22 having aligned apertures 24,26, attached to the plate 10.12 of the processor for supplying the solution to the injection point. ing. Instead, the manifold plate 20.22 can be mounted directly as shown in FIG. Can be replaced with a direct supply type manifold. Explain the basic concept of boundary layer. For clarity, the piping of the device has been omitted.

The basic solution flow paths are indicated by arrows in FIG. Fluid under pressure or pressurization The fluid enters the passage 13 on both sides of the film F, with fluid pumps under pressure on both sides of the film. the fluid cushion supports the film and can be transported through the passage 13 without contacting the plate 10.12. shall be. The fluid moves in laminar flow to the end of the passageway 13 where it is discharged. process If the fluid is a liquid, collect it in a membrane (not shown) and pump it. can be circulated to the manifold by pipes and conduits (also not shown). . Also, the solution can be replenished as explained below. The processor is , similar to the processors shown in Figures 5 and 6, can be used in an immersed state. It is also clear that

Fluid cushions on both sides of the film exert pressure on the film, and this pressure Stabilize the film and place the film in a central position between plates 10.12. to be carried. More specifically, as the film moves away from the center, The system moves closer to one plate than the other. up to one plate As the spacing becomes narrower, the thickness of the flow path on that side of the film decreases and its Reduce the flow in the passageway on the side of the As the flow rate decreases, the film The pressure drop across the injection opening at the side is reduced. This allows narrower aisles to The fluid pressure is relatively high compared to the fluid pressure in the wider passages, causing the film to The result is a force on the film that tends to return it to its central position. An overview of this stabilization The concept is illustrated by the curve shown in Figure 8, which is applied to the film. The force (dyne) is plotted against the distance of the film from the center of the path. Ru.

According to the invention, the length of the channel 13 on both sides of the injection slit is such that the chemical boundary layer 1 3, and therefore the boundary layer thickness is When the solution reaches a thickness where it no longer conducts chemicals (or heat), is discharged at both ends of the passage 13. More specifically, the injection slit 16.18 Maximum transmission occurs in the region of . However, the solution is inside the path indicated by the arrow. As it moves away from the injection slit, as shown in Figure 2, the chemical The thickness of boundary layer B gradually increases. The thickness of the boundary layer determines the efficiency of chemical or heat transfer. When the thickness of the solution is such that it lowers the value of Preferably, it is drained from the tank and further circulated or replenished. Therefore, This idea maximizes the effectiveness of the chemical or heat transfer process.

The effectiveness of chemical or heat transfer processes can be improved in two ways. Ru. The first method is to minimize the length L, which is the distance at which the boundary layer can occur. It is to be. The second method is to apply a reasonably high flow rate to the region of laminar flow of the fluid. Choose the system parameters to establish the velocity of the body, which causes the boundary layer to The goal is to keep the growth rate as low as possible. High fluid velocity in laminar flow conditions The spacing between the plates is reduced to obtain Shorten the distance and also reduce the speed of laminar flow. By creating a strong flow, the formation of a boundary layer slows down, and the formation of a boundary layer slows down. The transfer of chemical substances or heat becomes efficient.

By using laminar flow, the present invention improves chemical or heat transfer that can be achieved with most turbulent flows. Achieve a chemical or heat transfer rate that actually exceeds the transfer rate with a fraction of the required power be able to. The power requirements are very low because most of the fluid flow energy energy is consumed at the surface of the film due to the shear force between the liquid and the film. It is from. This occurs not at the surface of the film, but within the fluid itself. It is a good substitute for the use of turbulence, which consumes flow energy through shear forces.

The length of the flow path was determined by the following procedure. The similarity between heat and mass transfer , allowing the conclusion derived from heat transfer studies that the incompressible flow conditions are in the liquid regime. It was assumed that this would be extended to the transfer of chemicals within the region. heat or chemicals There are several ways to determine the effectiveness of communication. Knudsen and Kapp As disclosed by (Knudsen and Katz) (FluidDy namics and Heat Transfer, MaGraph HNl, 1958. p, 366, Eg, 13-12), heat transfer coefficient of laminar flow along the surface the law of nature. 1. can be expressed as a function of X (distance from the tip of the flow passage) by the following formula: Can be done.

h,,,,=(K10.893)・[C/9(ZX]”In the above formula, K = heat transfer rate α=thermal diffusion coefficient=to/C,P C = slope of velocity profile = u-/yu- = fluid velocity parallel to the surface y=distance between back surfaces C3 = specific heat of fluid P=density of the fluid.

Developing the mass transfer analogy, the following assumptions hold.

Regarding water: C, P = 1: α = For liquids: = D (chemical diffusivity) Therefore, the chemical transfer coefficient is: It can be expressed by the formula.

hcotM = (Dlo, 893) - [u-/9Dxy] +'3 = 0.538 [D"u-/xy]" The above equation is based on the chemical transfer coefficient and the processor and processor in Figure 1. Related to the special parallel plate flow concept incorporated in other examples described below represents the relationship between the fluid properties of the device and the fluid properties of the device. From the above formula, the above coefficient and its resultant Determine the variables that can be manipulated to maximize the mass transfer rate. I can do it. That is, the present invention increases U, decreases y, and decreases By doing so, we can maximize hcs engineering.

Assuming a typical process fluid temperature of 35°C (95'F): The variables have the values shown below.

D=5.0XIO-'　cm"/5eau-=25.4cm/5ec y=0.075cm It is clear that hc++rM(X) increases as X increases. distance The average value of h CIIEM for separation is h (IIEM (X) with distance x = By integrating over L, we can obtain:

hc+Fv=1.467 [D2u-/Ly] "Assuming L is 1.0cm Then, h CHEM=1.467[(5X10-’am2/5ec)”(25, 4cm/5ec)/(1,0cmM0.075cm)]’@” h=0.0030cm/sea The table shown below allows you to calculate the minimum, maximum and nominal values of chemical transfer coefficients. Represents a stem variable that can be used.

Minimum value Maximum value Nominal value u,, 20cm/sea 100cm/sec 25.4cm/5ecy 0 ．． 05cm 0.1.0cm 0.075cmX Area 25cm 2.5cm 1 ．． For 0cm maximum h c++ty, u-=100cm/5ecy=0.0 ．． 5cm x=0.0086cm/sec For nominal h cHtM, h=10030cm/5ee (variables mentioned above) Minimum bcil! For M: u-=20cm/5ecy=0.10cm X=2.5cm hcHE, t=0. It is 0018.

Considering the above data, the chemical mass transfer rate in the following range is determined by the present invention. It is clear that this gives optimal results with respect to

0.010cm/sec ≧ 11c++tM ≧ O,001cm/sec above The stated range is that the diffusion coefficient of the chemical substance is 5.0XIO-’cm”/sec. is based on. Other species may have distinct values even in the same solution. It is necessary to understand that there is a separate and distinct boundary layer for each chemical species. There is.

The relevant dimensional mathematical determination is to ensure that the boundary layer thickness does not exceed a given value. Fluid with laminar fluid flow while maximizing efficiency of processing fluid by Produces a processing device. The maximum thickness of the film increases the mass transfer rate of water-soluble chemicals It is such that the mass transfer rate within the Ru. The value of hcnEM is the value that would be obtained by normal tank and roller conveyance processing. In order to compare with I thought it was similar to the flow of liquid. The mass transfer coefficient of the chemical for this condition The equation inducing Knudsen and Katz ) disclosed by (Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 1958. p, 482. Fg1 7-39). The relevant equations are as follows.

h　c■M″″ゝ= territory 323D　[u-/VX]　I72・[v/D]　l/3 In the above formula, D is the diffusion coefficient of the chemical substance, U- is the free stream velocity; ■ is the kinematic viscosity coefficient.

By integrating over the distance x=L, the average of h coiv over the distance value can be determined.

hcll=M=0.646 [D/Ll [u-L/v]” [v/d] 1'3 For comparison, in the case of roller conveyance, D=5XIO-'cm2/se c (as above), L=1.0cm, v=0.0072cm2/sec. Assuming the temperature of the liquid to be 35"C (95°F), and based on the corresponding assumptions above. Therefore, for the present invention, hcl, IEM = 27% lower than the value of 0.0030. 0.0022 was obtained.

hc,l+: In addition to the high average value of have

Most obviously, the value of 0,0022 for h city may vary due to various reasons. The fact is that it is extremely difficult to achieve. For example, a 1.0cm row The spacing of the rollers is very small, as well as many rollers spaced very closely together. Requires supporting parts. In addition, the above-mentioned equalizer for roller conveyance devices is reduces the thickness of the boundary layer of chemicals as the system contacts each successive roller. . The present invention is different. The ``hydrobrain'' of the film on each roller Leave some residual chemical boundary layer in place. This allows the surface of the film to Throughout, the mass transfer coefficient increases by a constant value. In addition, the roller conveyor tank A four-inch processor requires the film to be moved at high speeds, which reduces transport reliability. This causes problems related to Also, the ideal development time requires a very large machine. .

As a practical matter, we assume the same parameters for roller-transported tank-type processors. I can't do it. More specifically, L is 4 cm or more, and u- is It is considered to be in the range of 2.5-5.0 cm/sec, and in the worst case U- is 5. , Ocm/sec in many cases. Under such constraints, h CHtM is 0°00048, which is calculated for the parallel plate type processor of the present invention. 84% smaller than the value of 0,0030.

FIG. 7 shows how the present invention can be incorporated into a chemical processing apparatus using hydroquinone as the processing fluid. Compare the results obtained when using a conventional roller conveyance type processor with This is a graph showing Curve A represents a conventional roller-conveyed processor. The thickness of the boundary layer is plotted against the distance from the tip of the fluid path.

Curve B is a similar curve for a prototype processor employing the present invention. Ru. Curve B places the injection slit on the far left and right side of the diagram, and also It shows the thickness of the boundary layer when the exit slit is located at the center. Boundary layer average The difference in thickness (dashed lines A and B) is thick (in the present invention, unexpected results can be obtained). This indicates that the

Referring to FIG. 2 of the drawings, a parallel plate type processor 28 is shown. The processor employs the invention described with respect to FIG. This processor is , comprising a pair of parallel spaced apart plates 30.32, which plates are , a pair of juxtaposed injection slits 34, 36 and two juxtaposed pairs of discharge slits. 38.40 and 42.4.4. The above plate is the assembly shown in Figure 1. and are supported by similar end walls (not shown) to define a passageway 48 therebetween. The film F is conveyed through the above-mentioned path by rollers, etc., which will be described later. It will be done.

Solution circulation paths are indicated by arrows in Figure 2, and these solution circulation paths also 1 schematically shows a tube. The illustrated processor has a length of plate 30.32. can include additional inlet and outlet slits by extending You need to understand that. Therefore, depending on the needs of a particular application, By adding inlet slits and outlet slits and providing them alternately, The circular pattern shown can be repeated.

Referring now to the circulation pattern, solution flows from mixing tank 48 to injection port 34.3. 6, respectively. Pump some of the solution exiting through slit 38.42 52 and 54 respectively to the mixing tank 49, and the remaining solution is It can be circulated to a series of adjacent mixing tanks (not shown) as shown.

When replenishment is required, fresh solution is supplied to tank 49 by pump 56. can do. The need for such replenishment may occur if the mixing tank 49 return inlet conduit can be detected by a sensor 60.62 connected to the control connected to means 64, said control means activating the pump 56 when necessary; do. The control means 64 may also be arranged to control the control pumps 52,54. I'll come.

The slits 36, 40, 44 are likewise connected to the mixing tank 50 and the pump 6 6.68.70 can be cycled as described above using the same procedure as described for tank 49. It is designed to perform ring and replenishment. Also, the pump 68.70.72 is controlled Control means (not shown) and sensors (not shown) identical to means 64 and sensors 60, 62 (without).

Two circulation and replenishment systems are illustrated for simplicity of explanation. However However, as will be clear to those skilled in the art, the tank 49.50 has both injection slits 3. With a single tank connected to 4.36! 1, and the solution is Discharge slits 42.44 as well as 38.40 allow circulation to such a single tank. can be set. Instead, you can use the appropriate capacity without using a special tank. Fluid ducts and pumps with a volume can also be used.

When the processor shown in Figure 2 is in operation, the solution flows from the tank 49. 34.36, which deposits the solution under pressure on both sides of the film; / form a yon. The solution flows to the right and left on both sides of the film as shown by the arrows. flows. At the discharge slit of gh, the solution from two adjacent injection ports is It comes out as shown by the arrow. If the processor is simple and has only ports like the one shown in Figure 2, If it is just a processor, exit the exhaust sulin h42.44 and 38.40 The only solution is the solution injected through Surin 1-3.1.36. Shown in Figure 3 The end portion 78 of such a processor is equipped with a pair of squeegee rollers and A slit 76 is provided for taking out the film between the transport roller 80 and the transport roller 80. similar A structure can be installed at the entrance of the film processor to transport the film into the film processor. Wear.

Similar to the processor shown in FIG. 1, the solution entering passageway 48 is It has maximum chemical or thermal transfer power around 6. If the solution is e.g. slit 3 8.40, the boundary layer B as shown in Figure 2 increases in thickness. Similar to the processor shown in Figure 1, the thickness of the boundary layer overrides processing. It is desirable to drain the solution when it reaches a certain thickness. Therefore, next door The length of the passage 48 between the adjacent slits is determined when the thickness of the boundary layer reaches a predetermined thickness. It is dimensioned to drain the solution into the drain slit. As mentioned above, the maximum The thickness of the water-soluble chemicals can be reasonably determined to increase the mass transfer rate through the film. The thickness is such that it maintains a value that exceeds the standard. Also, in relation to the embodiment of FIG. As discussed, the size of the fluid in the laminar region can be reduced by reducing the spacing between the plates. Try to get a good speed.

By providing appropriate valves and piping, it is possible to separate multiple processors disclosed herein. The film is then subjected to a series of processing solutions, e.g. developer, fixer, It will be clear to those skilled in the art that exposure to a cleaning solution and a drying solution can be performed sequentially. cormorant. Instead, we provide a series of separate processors as shown in Figure 4, with each It is also possible for the server to perform separate processing on the film. each processor A nip roller 80 is provided at the inlet and outlet of the film to transport the film along the processing path. You can also Wet solution processor exit roller removes excess solution Can be used as a squeegee roller.

The apparatus of Figure 4 processes sheet-like film (for example, X-ray film). When used for Size and spacing the processors so that they are short. The present invention is a notebook-shaped It is particularly useful for processing films because of its high processing efficiency. Use small processing units, thereby reducing machine dimensions or small fibres. This is because it is possible to process the room sheet.

Referring to Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings, a further embodiment of the invention for use in the immersed state is shown. Examples are disclosed. This embodiment has a pair of parallel plates 84,86. It is equipped with a parallel plate type processing unit 82, and the pair of plates are defining a passageway 90 for receiving a photosensitive web F such as photographic film; Sea urchin rank! defined and supported by sidewalls 88. on plate 84.86 The chests 1 and 1 are provided on both sides of a pair of juxtaposed ejection slits 100 and 102. and a second pair of juxtaposed injection slits 92.94 and 96.98. There is. The dimensions and spacing of the inlet and outlet slits are determined by the process flow as described above. passage 90 when the body's boundary layer becomes thick enough to make its use inefficient. The decision is made to drain the fluid from the

Plates 84.88 are attached to manifold plates 104.106, respectively. 108.100, while the manifold plate has outer plate 108.100. is attached to. Manifold housing 112.114 is attached to plate 1 08.110 respectively and connect conduits 116.118 thereto. Each has a chamber therethrough for receiving a process fluid under pressure. Housing 1 The pressurized fluid in 12.114 passes through openings in plate 104.108.106. flows into injection ports 92.94 and 96.98 and into passageway 90; one toward the exhaust port and the other toward the open end of the passageway 90. Establish laminar fluid flow on both sides of the film. By discharge port 100.102 Fluid discharged from passageway 90 is directed to the unit through openings in plates 104, 106. It flows out from the side of the container. As explained in relation to Figure 2, Additional inlet and outlet ports may be provided as needed. It is necessary to understand that.

Figure 6 shows how photographic film can be processed using a processor of the type shown in Figure 5 or Figure 1. Indicates a state in which More specifically, an elongate housing 126 is provided; The housing is used for developing, fixing, cleaning and drying the film, as shown in Figure 6. It is equipped with a plurality of processing chambers 128, 130, 132, and 134 for performing the respective processing.

The processing unit 82 is appropriately supported by each member, and these units 82 are immersed in liquid processing solution in each chamber 128, 130, 132 as shown. It's pickled. The processing unit includes a circulation system as shown for unit 82 in chamber 128. A ring device may be provided. In its simplest form, the circulation device 128 and the manifold housings 112, 114. a pump 136 having an outlet so as to direct fluid from the chamber to the injection port 9; 2.94 and 96.98. Discharge port 100゜102 parallel The fluid discharged from the end of passageway 96 mixes with the fluid in chamber 128 .

A mixing impeller (not shown) is provided within chamber 128, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. This can promote the mixing action. In addition, appropriate replenishment means (not shown) ) may be provided to periodically supply fresh fluid to the device.

The film transport means guides the film into the first chamber and also transports the last part of the film. An inlet chute and an outlet chute 140,142 are provided for discharging the chamber 134. It is growing. Identical chute 144 and each pair of nip rollers 146, 148 ( (one pair each between adjacent chambers) transports the film from chamber to chamber.

In each processing unit, an associated chute guides the film through a path 90. Insert and remove the material from the nip roller.

Examples of FIGS. 9 to 11 9 and 10 of the drawings, the present invention comprises a pair of juxtaposed air bearings 16. 2.164 is embodied as a film or photographic paper dryer 160 with . The bearings 162, 164 have side walls, end walls, and spaced apart parallel plates 166. ．． 168 with cover plates (not shown) each attached to a rectangular shape. It has a housing. The plates are fixed in spaced relation to each other. A spacer 170 is inserted between them to provide a desired spacing, which will be described later. ing. Plates 166, 168 are used to direct air under pressure to the inside of the bearing housing. Each plate has an elongated central opening for injection into the space between the plates. It is. Brinum 176 (one shown in Figure 10) connected to a source of pressurized air. ) are attached to each housing.

As shown in Figure 1, the bearings 162, 164 are spaced apart and are made of photosensitive material. A passageway 178 is defined therebetween for receiving a web W that can be cut. Web W can be conveyed to the passage 178 by a pair of nip rollers 30, and The squeegee roller comprises an exit squeegee roller in the wash area of the film processor. be able to. The air bearing is tilted 10 to 15 degrees from the longitudinal axis of the roller. , it is preferred to reduce aeroelastic pulsations at the leading and trailing ends of the web.

When the dryer operates, air under pressure flows from plenum 176 to bearing 162.1. 64 and further into passageway 178 through slits 172, 174. This establishes an area of air under pressure on both sides of the film. the As a result, a laminar flow of air is generated from each slit in both directions with respect to the path of the film. Cheating. Air flow exits from passages 178 on both sides of plates 166,168.

The thickness and length of the passage 178, the width of the slits 172 and 174, and the bearing 162 ．． The air pressure in 164 controls the thickness of the boundary layer and also controls the growth of the boundary layer. It is preferable that the parameters be selected so that the distance that can be reached is as short as possible. , the system parameters establish a reasonably high fluid velocity in the laminar region and the boundary layer The growth rate is chosen to be as low as possible (as a result, the fill A heat transfer rate greater than that in the film or photographic paper is established in the fluid. . By reducing the spacing between the plates, high laminar fluid velocities can be obtained. Wear. These concepts are fully explained above.

According to the teachings of the present invention described above, the thickness of passageway 178 is approximately 1.5 mm thick. 52-2゜ Preferably, it is 29 mm (range 06-0.09 inch). in the direction of the film The length of the fluid path along depends on the total amount of heat required and the transfer rate: 7.62 -20.3 mm (0.3-0.8 inch) range. Plate 166.1 The width of 68 slits 172 and 174 is approximately 01381 mm (0,015 inches) It is preferable that The air pressure inside the bearing depends on the required drying rate as well as the Depending on the characteristics of each film, such as the amount of 3°4 inches), and its temperature ranges from 32.2 to 54.4°C (90 to 1 30'F) is common.

The pressure drop across the slits 172, 174 is 50% of the effective pressure.

The pressure in the plane of the film depends on the flow rate of the air through the slit, but the flow rate The higher X becomes, the greater the pressure drop. As mentioned above, the film is in the center position. If the film moves from one plate to another, a pressure difference will be created above and below the film. , this differential pressure returns the film to the central position. the film is inside like that When placed in the center, the height of the air flow exiting the side of the bearing through the slit above the film Higher velocities lead to the aforementioned reduction in boundary layer thickness and therefore heat and water vapor flow. This will be improved. The thickness of the boundary layer depends on the dimensions of the passage, the length of the passage, and the slit. controlled as a function of the pressure of the air injected through. Amount of heat flowing to the film is a function of the air temperature as well as the boundary layer thickness. Water vapor removal is basically The thickness of the boundary layer and the gel coating of the film or photographic paper to evaporate water. It is a function of the rate of heat supply that can be supplied.

Figure 11 shows a drive of the invention with bearing plates 166,168 having a width of 4 cm. Lyre (Curve A), as well as commercial products manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company Actually measured on the M2S X-OMAT dryer (curve B) available in The graph shows a curve plotting the values of the heat transfer coefficient. As can be seen from Figure 11 , the M6B dryer averages about 7 BTU per square foot per hour. Yes, while the average value for the dryer of the present invention is It is approximately 38 BTU. This dramatic increase in efficiency demonstrates the superior performance of the device of the present invention. are doing. Crucially, the above improvements in drying efficiency are quite small and The fact is that this was achieved with a low-cost dryer.

Separate web materials can be used for longer or shorter bearing widths (fluid path lengths) or would obviously require more bearings.

The embodiments of FIGS. 9-11 achieve higher heat transfer coefficients, which dry faster ( , the dryer is smaller and simpler, the dryer temperature is lower (lower energy consumption It is clear what this means. Empty the film or photographic paper in the dryer Air suspension or support prevents the film from being scratched in the dryer. This reduces the possibility of image artifacts (image defects). dry energy Low energy consumption means less heat is lost to the surrounding environment and there is no need to cool the processing chemicals. This means that there is no need to connect a special power source to the processor.

In addition, by simplifying and downsizing the dryer, the number of parts for the dryer can be reduced. This reduces the cost of the dryer.

Examples of FIGS. 12 to 20 In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 8, fluid is passed through juxtaposed injection slits. is injected into the passage and discharged from the passage, and is further discharged by juxtaposed discharge slits. is discharged. The above slit is inserted into the film in a relationship that is approximately orthogonal to the axis of the film. crosses the axis of Each juxtaposed path of the injection slit has two pairs of juxtaposed It is provided between the discharge slits and extends both ways from each injection position to the adjacent discharge position. Fluid flows in the direction.

The apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-8 is capable of supporting the web without contacting the surface of the passageway. significantly superior mass transfer and heat transfer coefficients than prior art devices. However, some instability of the web may result, especially when When a device such as It has been found that vibrations occur. Such conditions may cause the device disclosed herein to It gives an opportunity to further enhance the obtained results without making the performance of the product less effective.

Since the injection and discharge positions are arranged alternately, high pressure is also applied to the film path. regions of low pressure alternate with regions of low pressure. Fluid pressure on both sides of the web injects maximum at the position and minimum at the ejection position. As a result, the web is in the injection position ! It receives maximum support at i-1 and minimum support at the ejection position. say Earth and discharge position! If the film extends in a direction perpendicular to the film axis, the film There are areas of pressure that extend across the width of the web, and these areas are imprinted on the web.5. The web is moved by force without providing any support. High pressure area and low pressure area Due to the alternating arrangement described above, the webs are not in contact with the surface of the passageway. It can even vibrate or rock.

The above-mentioned condition is particularly noticeable when the leading or trailing end of the web is conveyed through the passage. be. The ends are free, so they can act as cantilevers, allowing high and low pressure Manly under the influence of pressure areas. Especially when the process fluid is air, pressure can cause Lifting of the edges of the web may even occur. The above phenomenon is This often occurs when drying large sheets of material such as photographic film.

According to this embodiment, the above-mentioned condition causes the injection slit and the ejection slit to By arranging it at a certain angle to the longitudinal axis, the can do. This arrangement allows areas of high pressure and areas of low pressure to be placed on the film. On the other hand, it stretches at an angle. With this configuration, each injection opening a first flow component angled in the direction of web travel with respect to the longitudinal axis; A second section angled with respect to the longitudinal axis in a direction opposite to the direction of web movement. A fluid stream having two flow components is generated. angled in the direction of web travel The component minimizes web lifting by the processing fluid and therefore improves stabilization. have effect. Also, the pressure of the fluid exiting the angled opening is pressure corrugations or ridges extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the attempts to generate errors on the web. Such undulations tend to stiffen the web. This increases the web's resistance to bending and reduces the rate at which the web is subjected to vibration. reduce

12 and 13 of the drawings, a pair of spaced apart plates 210.21 2 are shown, the plates being sandwiched together and separated by spacers 213. A passage for receiving a web W of photographic film or the like between which is spaced apart. 214 (FIG. 15). Each plate 210.212 has spaced apart strips. A plurality of elongated fluid injection apertures or slits 216 and a plurality of spaced apart elongated fluid flows. A body discharge opening or slit 218 is provided. plates are clamped together The apertures 216 in plates 210.212 are then in aligned and juxtaposed relationship. Become. Similarly, openings 218 in plates 210, 212 were also aligned and aligned. Become a relationship. The apertures 216, 218 are such that each pair of juxtaposed injection apertures has two juxtaposed injection openings. The discharge openings are arranged alternately so as to be located between the discharge openings. As detailed later, All apertures 216, 218 are arranged in parallel relationship and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the film. Define an axis that is at an angle to the line. Opening relative to the longitudinal axis of the film The above relationship in which the angles are shown more clearly in FIG. 45° angle is preferred However, positional stability can be improved by a minimum of 1.5' and a maximum of 90°. I can do it.

A plurality of elongated hollow spacer members 222 are secured to the plates 210.212. The hollow interior of the spacer member communicates with the opening 216. a pair of plays 224.226 is placed above the member 22 on the opposite side of the notebook 210.212. It is set in. The slits 228 of the notebook 224 and 226 are It communicates with the interior and supplies fluid to the slit 216 through the interior of the member 22 .

A pair of housings 230 and 232 are respectively secured to plates 224 and 226. forming manifold chambers 234 and 236 for supplying air to opening 228. ing. The ends of chambers 234, 236 are sealed by end plates 238. Can be done. One of the end plates is shown in FIG. Each housing 23 An air inlet opening 240 is provided at 0.232. Blower 242.244 ( Figure 12) supplies air under pressure to each inlet.

Each plate 224, 226 is integrally formed with its associated housing, thereby the walls of the respective housings and thus supply fluid to the passageways 214. It will be clear that housing means can be defined having a chamber for cormorant.

To complete the assembly, insert holes in the plate as well as spacers 213 (Figure 12). A bolt 246 passing through holds the plates 210.212.224.226 together. to pinch. When so assembled, passage 214 between plates 210, 212 has a length equal to the thickness of the spacer 213.

During operation of the dryer, fluid under pressure (air in this case) is forced into the blower 242. ．． 244 to chambers 234 and 236 to pressurize them. Room 234 ．． From 236, air passes through slit 228 and the interior of member 222 to the slit. Flows to 216. Air passes through slits 216 on both sides of the film 214 is injected into the film, forming regions of air under pressure on both sides of the film. air illustration 17, the flow from the slit 216 to the adjacent discharge slit 218. and then between plates 210.224 as well as between plates 212.223. is discharged into the space of

The dimensions of the slit 216 and the spacing between the slits 2]8 are such that the boundary layer Air is expelled when a thickness of L is reached, making heat transfer between the It is determined that More specifically, the heat transfer process is based on the injection slit or The length of the flow path from the source to the discharge slit is minimized to prevent the growth of the boundary layer. Minimize the distance that can occur and the speed at which boundary 1 can grow as much as possible. improve by increasing Reducing this speed as much as possible means This is achieved by using fluid velocities in the range. This concept is explained in detail above did.

Referring now to FIG. 19, which is a side elevational view of the assembled dryer, the web W denotes two pairs of nip rollers 250 adjacent to the entrance and exit of the passage 214, respectively. ．． 252 through the processor. Such a roller is It can be driven by motors 254 and 256 as shown in FIG. sorted ware When drying the sheet, space the rollers a distance less than the length of the sheet; This causes the sheet to be gripped by the exit rollers before it exits the entrance rollers.

The angular relationship of the slits 216, 218 to the longitudinal axis of the web Thinking about it, the air flowing from each slit 216 has two components, one of which is The minute moves in a first direction at an angle of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the web. and the other component is arranged at an angle of 45° with respect to the longitudinal axis. It is clear from FIG. 17 that it moves in the opposite direction to the direction of. This configuration lift caused by air flow moving against the direction of film movement; By minimizing lift, the stability of the film is increased. Also, As mentioned above, the alternating high pressure areas and low pressure areas form an angle to form a film. , forming a full-gate or undulating force pattern as shown in Figure 18. There is a tendency to This force pattern is arranged at an angle to the film. Therefore, it is necessary to deform the film into a shape with a larger bending moment. and the moment makes it more difficult to deform the film. this These conditions are due to the inherent stability created by the formation of fluid flow on both sides of the film. Combined with greater strength, less vibration and greater resistance to bending. bring.

The device thus provides a single directional force pattern across the tube. The above-mentioned effect obtained by providing laminar airflow on both sides of the web Further effectively increases basic stability.

Another embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. In this example, the dryer 260 is provided with a passageway 262 that includes a plurality of injection slits 264 and a plurality of injection slits 264. number of discharge slits 266, the dimensions of which are exaggerated. It is. In this embodiment, similar to the previous embodiment, the injection slit and The exit slits are arranged alternately on both sides of the passage. However, in this case In this case, the evacuation slit 266 is always juxtaposed with the injection slit. This structure The structure causes a different force at each location, as shown by the vertical arrows indicating the direction of the force. A force is generated on the film. As a result, the film physically undulates as shown. Transform into shape. The slits are oriented at an angle to the film axis. Physical waviness significantly increases the bending resistance of the film when .

Accordingly, the apparatus shown in FIGS. It is clear that the stability of the tube can be greatly improved and it can be used in dryers. We Fluid flow on either side of the web tends to support and stabilize the web. Fluid injection Web lift is minimized by arranging the openings and discharge openings with corneum. While reducing the size, it also increases the strength of the web by applying a undulating force pattern to the web. The web is further stabilized by increasing the amount of water and reducing vibrations in the web.

Examples of FIGS. 21 and 22 According to these embodiments, the apparatus for processing webs such as film or photographic paper is means for defining a path through which the web is conveyed. Processing fluids are placed in separate injection locations The material is injected into the passageway on both sides of the web at the The material is discharged from the passage on both sides. The injection and discharge positions are alternately provided. The injected fluid is then discharged from the adjacent discharge location. of the expelled fluid The flow is mixed and contains multiple fluids with different lengths of fluid paths and degrees of chemical incapacity. The streams are sequentially mixed together before being reinjected into the passageway. to such a mixture This results in a more uniform composition of the reinjected fluid.

Referring to FIG. 21, it includes a pair of spaced apart parallel plates 312, 314. A portion of a parallel plate film processor 310 is shown, with the plate accepts webs of photographic film (in the form of continuous webs or sheet webs). It defines an elongate fluid treatment passageway 316 adapted to flow. The above plate is , slits 320, 322 for receiving or discharging the film, respectively. It is supported by a pair of end walls 317, 318 having .

The film F is transported by a conveying means including two pairs of nip rollers 324 and 326. It is conveyed through the passageway in the direction shown. Film F is sheet-like or web-like. Depending on the configuration, one or both pairs of nip rollers may be driven by a motor. can be done. When processing sheet-like film, the length of the passage 316 should be Shorter than the length of the sheet, the roller 324 grabs the sheet before it leaves the roller 326. so that In addition, when applying a liquid solution to the film, the exit roller 32 4 can be equipped with a squeegee roller for removing excess solution.

The plates 312, 314 include a plurality of pairs of spaced apart and juxtaposed injection slits. 330.332.334 and a plurality of spaced and juxtaposed pairs of ejection slits 3 36, 338, 340, 342 are provided, and the slit is located at the injection position and and emissions! Define. The injection slit and the discharge slit are in the direction across the passage. The slit has a length equal to the width of the film. are provided in an alternating pattern, such that each pair of juxtaposed injection slits located between two pairs of disposed ejection slits, each adjacent slit have equal spacing along the path.

In operation, fluid injected into the passageway 316 under pressure is applied to both sides of the film. to form a fluid cushion under pressure. This cushion supports the film and This produces a laminar flow of fluid on both sides of the film up to the adjacent discharge slits, and At the liter, fluid is discharged to the outside of the processor. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 8 As explained above, the spacing between adjacent slits is determined by the boundary layer of the fluid. Fluid drainage occurs when the fluid becomes thick enough to make processing inefficient. selected. Such conditions have been fully explained above and need no further explanation here. I don't think it's necessary.

Circulation and replenishment devices are shown with lines and arrows for clarity of the drawing. illustration Suitable piping configurations for the flow and mixing of This is within the scope of those skilled in the art and does not require further explanation. Also, The fluid circulation and mixing devices on the upper and lower sides of the film are the same, so Only the side equipment will be explained in detail.

Referring to the drawings, the circulation system includes a pair of spaced apart units defining an elongated mixing chamber 354. mixing means comprising parallel plates 350, 352. plate 350 ．． 352 can be supported by end plates 356,358. yes Rather, plates 350, 352 and one of the end plates are integrally molded. the other end plate is attached to such structure. can be done.

End plate 358 includes an elongated funnel-shaped outlet fitting that connects to circulation pump 362. A hand 360 is provided. Plate 352 has a plurality of inlet ports 364,36. 6.368.370 are provided and these inlet ports are as shown schematically. respectively to the discharge boats 336, 338, 340, 342 by appropriate piping. It is connected. Pump 362 is connected to suitable piping and/or manifolds as shown schematically. is connected to inlet port 330.332.334.336 by a lead.

A sensor 372 is installed at the outlet of the pump to determine the condition of the fluid being circulated. can be provided. A control means 374 is provided responsive to the output of the sensor to determine the state of the fluid. The replenishment valve 376 is opened when the solution needs to be mixed with fresh solution. can be done. Instead, dispose of the fluid or release it to the surrounding environment. Add treatment to remove unwanted by-products to minimize emissions. be able to.

In operation of the mixing device, a portion of the fluid injected at port 334 enters the mixing chamber. Note that it exits at port 342, which is the port furthest from outlet 360. There is a need. This fluid flow treats the leading edge of the film, so its chemical composition Sei is the worst. This is done by injecting into the mixing chamber at the end far from the outlet. The flow is given the full length of the mixing chamber to mix with the non-inferior fluid stream.

The other portion of the fluid injected at port 334 as well as the other portion of the fluid injected at port 332. A portion of the flow is discharged through port 340 to the second farthest port from the chamber outlet. It enters the mixing chamber at port 368. These two streams are connected to a port before entering the room. ports 340, 368, and the mixed flows are mixed together in ports 342 and 368. mixes with the fluid being discharged. Therefore, in the area of the mixing chamber adjacent port 368 In this case, the above three streams, which originally had different degrees of chemical deterioration, are inevitably mixed. Ru. These flows also have different lengths of flow paths from the pump to the injection boat. The time phase for injection into and discharge from the processor is It has become. This difference in time phase facilitates the mixing effect.

The sequential mixing action continues as the mixed flow flows toward outlet 360. be done. At port 366, the fluid flow injected at ports 332, 330 is A mixed stream enters the chamber containing a portion of fluid from ports 368 and 370. mixes with the fluid stream. This further combined and mixed fluid flow is carried out at port 364. mixes with the remainder of the flow injected at port 330 in the region of . Therefore , the fluid discharged at the outlet of the chamber is thoroughly mixed and its composition is substantially homogeneous .

Also, the pump 362, the mixing chamber inlet port, and the inlet and outlet ports. It will be clear that mixing will occur in all parts of the equipment involved. Therefore, this device , a closed-loop processing device in which substantially all fluids are mixed. It is cycled very frequently. It is very important that all fluids are the fluid is passed through a be. High speed agitation in the pump ensures thorough mixing.

The advantages of the mixing process should now be obvious. The most chemically inferior fluid flow is The most degraded stream is injected into the mixing chamber at the point where the the least degraded stream is injected closest to the outlet. Ru. Also, adjacent streams are combined at the exit port before being injected into the mixing chamber. , improve the mixing process. This mixing is due to the different introduction times of the fluid streams. further improve. For example, flow in a short fluid path with varying chemical concentrations Changes in body chemical concentrations cause rapid mixing with fluids in intermediate and long fluid paths. Ru. Similarly, replenishment chemicals in the shorter path (outlet of pump 362) may be are quickly distributed over long routes. These characteristics are a result of highly ordered mixed processes. process resulting in outstanding solution uniformity. Also, mixing uses moving parts. It occurs without any problem.

Devices employing the concept disclosed herein can replace the entire solution every 5-10 seconds. I can do it. In comparison, typical roller-based deep tank-type processes The sensor contains a fluid that is replaced or circulated only every 5-20 minutes. It has a large area. This comparison was made using the closed-loop mixing process of the present invention. This shows that excellent performance can be obtained.

Referring to Figure 22 of the drawings, an embodiment of a closed loop mixing device pond is shown. . This embodiment also includes a pair of parallel plates similar to the embodiment of FIG. Spaced slits defining a plurality of injection locations 310 as well as a plurality of ejection locations 312 are arranged alternately in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. so that one injection position is located between adjacent discharge positions. Ru. The spacing between each position is such that a boundary layer of flowing liquid makes processing of the film inefficient. The fluid is selected to be drained when it is thick enough to cause the fluid to evaporate.

The piping of the apparatus shown in FIG. 22 is shown schematically to clarify the operation of the invention. There is. However, the circulation shown in the diagram is achieved by using appropriate manifolds and piping. The above configurations to do so are within the capabilities of those skilled in the art of fluidics and piping. Also, Figure 2 As in the case of Example 1, the equipment on both sides of the film is identical, with the injection slit The cut and discharge slit are juxtaposed. Therefore, only the upper device of the film Illustrated and explained.

Referring to the circulation system, the solid line represents fluid flow from pump 314 to injection point W310. The dashed line indicates the fluid flow path from the discharge location to the pump inlet. are doing. In the infusion device, the fluid exiting the pump passes through the node or branch point 3. 16, and the discharged fluid is divided uniformly and sequentially at the node or branch point. It will be seen that the mixture is uniformly and sequentially mixed at 318. In the discharge device , all the fluids are gradually mixed after contacting the film or photographic paper. Also, total All fluids pass through a single region (the pump) before being circulated. high inside pump High-speed agitation ensures that each fluid stream is thoroughly mixed and that branch points or nodes are Fluids with different degrees of chemical deterioration and time phases are mixed sequentially before entering the pump. Ru.

Examples of FIGS. 23-33 U.S. Patent No. 4.994.840 (issued February 19, 1991: Title of Invention “A” pparatus for Processing Pho sens 1t ive Material”) is a photo with a floating chamber immersed in a tank. A processor for film or photographic paper is disclosed. For film or photographic paper, see above Transported through a floating chamber. The static pressure of the fluid in the tank is used to move the processing solution into the tank. circulate inside. A web of film or photographic paper is fed to the end of the processing path.

Processing fluid is introduced at the opposite end of the passageway and discharged into the center of the passageway.

According to this embodiment of the invention, a plurality of fluid bearings are arranged in a processing chamber filled with a processing solution. supported in a spaced relationship. The processing solution is further axised from the chamber to the manifold. It is circulated by a pump to the receiver. The solution is drained by the bearing into a film contact and effectively support the film without contacting the bearing surface.

Referring to Figure 23 of the drawings, a container 413 defining a chamber 413 for processing solution or wash water is shown. That is, the tank 412 and the housing for the pump 418, that is, the tank 416. A film processor 410 is shown that includes a film processor 410. Between tanks 414 and 416 Interposed between are a plurality of stacked walls or plates 422, 424. ．． 426.428.430 (Figure 26), and these plates are for processors. A solution distribution passageway is defined. The plate 422 covers one side wall of the tank 412. can be included. Plates 424-432 are arranged as shown in FIGS. 23 and 27. , are appropriately attached to the wall of the container tank 412. Tank 16 is also as shown. It can be attached to end plate 432.

A plurality of elongate fluid bearings 438 are provided in parallel spaced relationship within chamber 414. A curved film path is formed as described below, and the arrangement of the hydrodynamic bearing is This is shown in FIG. 26G, which is a drawing of the end wall 422 with the bearing attached. . Both ends of bearing 438 are attached to plate 422. More details later As illustrated, bearing 438 is immersed in processing solution in tank 412. Both have internal cavities in which the plates 422, 424. 426.428.430.432 through the manifold defined by Processing solution is supplied by pump 418 .

Plate or wall 432 (FIG. 26F) includes a pump surface or pump inlet; and an inlet or suction chamber 442 (FIG. 2) of the tank 416. 7 and 28) and a high pressure chamber or discharge of tank 446. and an outlet opening 444 for discharging the solution from the outlet chamber 446. of the pump The impeller 448 is provided in the discharge chamber and is rotated by the pump shaft to pump the solution into the chamber. 442 through opening 449 to chamber 446 .

Plate 430 (FIG. 26E) constituting the solution return plate is connected to the pump from chamber 413. An elongated rectangular opening 450 for circulating the solution returned to the pool chamber 442; Match the opening 44 of the rate 432! It has an opening 452 provided in .

Plate 428 (FIG. 26D) serves to insulate positive pressure and negative pressure, and The plate has openings 454.456.4 communicating with the opening 450 of the plate 430. 58 are provided. Plate 428 is also aligned with opening 452 in plate 430. A matching opening 460 is provided.

Plate 426 (FIG. 260) includes a horseshoe that communicates with opening 460 in plate 428. 462 and 454, 456, and 458 of the plate 428, respectively. Matching openings 463, 464, and 466 are provided.

Plate 424 (FIG. 26B) includes a distribution manifold; 1, solution return openings aligned with openings 463, 464, 466 in plate 426; 468.470.472. Plate 424 also has multiple openings of the same size. 474 (two for each bearing), these openings are located at both ends of bearing 438. The openings in plate 462 are arranged in a horseshoe pattern to align with the openings in plate 462. Distribute the solution from to both ends of the bearing.

Wall 422 (FIG. 26A) is also nearly identical to plate 424 and includes a plate. -h 424 openings 468, 470, 472 aligned respectively with openings 476. 478.480 are provided. The plate 422 also has a plurality of openings 482 (each axis 2) are provided for the receiver, and these openings are connected to the opening 47 of the plate 424. 4 but smaller in size than the opening 474 to allow flow into the bearing 438. The cross section of the body flow gradually decreases. Bearings 438 may be provided, for example, by opening the ends of these bearings. 482 by welding to the surface of the wall 422 around the plate or wall 482. 422, so that the opening 482 communicates only with the inside of the bearing. Pass.

When the fluid distribution device is activated, the pump 4]8 moves from the chamber 446 to the plate 432. 1.430.128 through each opening 444.452.460 of the plate 426 into manifold opening 462 . Opening 4 of notebook 426 62 through openings 474 and 482 in plate 424 and wall 422, respectively. The solution is then dispensed into the interior of the fluid bearing 438.

Fluid is discharged from bearing 438 to tank 112, as described in more detail below.

The drained solution is transferred from the tank 412 to the opening 476.478.4 of the wall 422. 180, opening in plate 424 468.470.472, opening in plate 426 463.464.466, opening in plate 428 454.456.458, plate The suction of the pump is provided through an opening 450 in the port 430 and an opening 440 in the wall 432. It is circulated to the drawing chamber 442.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 23, 29, 30, and 31, the unique characteristics of the hydrodynamic bearing 438 will be explained. Visually, each bearing consists of a pair of elongated, juxtaposed, identically shaped assemblies. 490a and 490b, these assemblies are in spaced relationship. are arranged, and a web W of photosensitive material in continuous form or in sheet form passes between them. allow for Each assembly defines an elongated passage-shaped housing 491. The housing receives solution under pressure from opening 482 in plate 422. It has a rectangular cross section. Passages 491a and 491b are connected to flange 49 2a and 492b, and each flange has a through hole. Multiple spaced apart openings for draining fluid from the inside of the channel to the area outside the flange. Ports 494a and 494b are provided. Second pair of flanges 496a, 496 b are fixed to the flanges 492a and 492b, respectively, and the second pair of flanges Each of the lunges is provided with spaced apart rectangular openings 498a, 498b. , these openings receive the solution from the openings 494a, 494b to both sides of the sheet W. Establish an area of pressurized solution to the side.

The six pairs of juxtaposed assemblies have wafers between them, as shown most clearly in FIG. A small gear between the faces of flanges 496a and 496b to allow the blade W to pass through. Close to the knob or gap! I'm doing it. Approximately 0.178mm (0.00 inches) ), the spacing is 1.27 mm (0,050 inch). Preferably. This spacing is the distance between these assemblies between two assemblies. This is achieved by providing a spacer 499 (FIG. 31) at the end of the bridge. next, One end of the assembled bearing is attached to plate 422 and passages 490a, 49 The open end of 0b is aligned with the pair of openings 482. Other than passages 490a and 490b Secure the ends together and seal the opening with an end cap 501 (FIG. 23). 494. Fixing one end of the bearing 438 to the plate 420 The fixed mounting and installation of the end cap 501 ensure a solid bearing structure. structure is provided.

The dimensions of the bearing allow the solution to drain into the tank when the fluid boundary layer reaches a predetermined thickness. Preferably, the dimensions are such that they define a length of fluid path in the bearing that stomach. Such conditions are described above in connection with the embodiments of FIGS. 1-8. Piping system The water column in each rectangular opening 498a, 498b is about 50.8 to 15. Preferably, it is configured to provide 2-6 inches of fluid pressure. this When using this configuration, there is a liquid compressor on both sides of the web in each bearing; The web does not come into contact with the bearing surface (enables smooth conveyance).

In relatively straight portions of the web path, the alignment of flanges 496a, 496b The surface of the placed surface is flat, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 31. It is also shown in detail in FIG. 32A. However, the curved path of the web In some parts, the juxtaposed surfaces of flanges 496a, 496b are curved. A curved web path is defined therebetween. In the above route, one The flange 496 is formed with a concave surface as shown in FIG. 96 is formed with a convex surface 502 having a complementary shape as shown in FIG. 32b. .

The curved web path established as described above can be seen in the lower four bearings of Figure 29. It can be understood by

Bridging means are provided between adjacent bearings 438, said bridging means connecting one bearing to another. Ensures that the leading edge of the exiting web enters properly into the next bearing in the web path. . Referring to Figure 29 of the drawings, an arcuate bridging member 504 is provided between adjacent bearings. It is being Flanges 506, 508 of member 504 connect to adjacent flanges of bearing 438. 492, with surface 510 of member 504 adjacent to the surface of flange 496b. I'm letting you touch me. Thus, surface 510 provides a bridge between each gap of adjacent bearings. form a bridge.

In FIG. 29, bearing 438 is shown in a curved film path. There is. However, various forms of routes can be taken, and the methods disclosed herein It will be understood that the forms are merely exemplary.

If the web being processed is in sheet form, e.g. In this case, the film path defined by fluid bearing 438 is The roller means at the entrance and exit of the path is shorter than the length of the notebook. It can be transported into and out of the channel without falling out. like that In a processor for sheet film, a pair of rollers are used as shown in Figure 23. 520 are provided at the inlet and outlet of the tank chamber. If a series of processing rooms are installed, A pair of rollers 520 may be provided between adjacent tanks, as shown in FIG. Can be done. In this case, a film guide 522 is provided to transport the film between adjacent chambers. Make it easier.

If the material being processed is continuous, e.g. spliced 35mm film, If it is a continuous web, then through a bearing supported by a liquid cushion. Roller means, such as roller 520, sufficient to transport the film are placed at the entrance to the web path. It can only be provided in In this case, rollers 520 between adjacent chambers are necessary. The roller 520 at the entrance of the first chamber is used to run the web through the apparatus, rather than using Can be transported.

23 and 29 of the drawings show the configuration of a hydrodynamic bearing for a single-place processor. There is. In this case, the bearings 438 are arranged in a simple horseshoe configuration. but However, if multiple chambers are provided, a festival stone or flower as shown in FIG. Arranging the bearings in a rope-like configuration, which allows the web or sheet to curve smoothly Preferably, the film exits each chamber along its path.

When processing both sheet and continuous webs, multiple chambers can be used. rollers in between remove liquid from the material before it enters the next chamber (squeegee effect). It is desirable to create a squeezing effect.

The advantages of the above disclosed processor will now be apparent. Rectangular opening and adjacent A fluid cushion established in the area that effectively supports the web being treated, Allowing the web to be conveyed through a processing solution. In addition, this device The web is continuously exposed to the fluid that is discharged from the receiver and circulated, thereby increasing the flow rate. Reduces stagnation or stagnation in the body. Therefore, the bearing only supports the web. So, make the processing process more efficient.

For each bearing, fluid is injected from the central area of the bearing and exhausted at its sides. It will be done. This configuration allows the fluid flow on both sides of the web to exit at the inlet and outlet of the bearing, Prevents the web from lifting up and engaging the bearing surface.

■ (1/-1- to mouth 4) Blind analysis Composite force curve for two bearings ←Net force FIG.8 ■ FIG, io Distance from impinging jet (cm) FIG. + 16 Table 16-504143 (16) FIG. 33 Submission of translation of written amendment (Article 184-8 of the Patent Act) June 28, 1993 -

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an apparatus for treating a web with a treatment fluid, passageway defining means for defining a fluid treatment passageway for receiving said web, said passageway defining means for defining a fluid treatment passageway for receiving said web, said passageway defining means for defining a fluid treatment passageway for receiving said web; An elongated inlet opening for injecting the body and an elongated outlet opening defining means in the passageway such that a discharge opening extends in a direction transverse to the passageway; and defining means for supplying a process fluid under pressure to the injection opening to inject the process fluid into the passageway. , fluid supply means for establishing a high velocity laminar fluid flow from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, the outlet opening being configured such that a boundary layer of fluid increases the rate of energy transfer within the fluid. When a certain thickness is reached that exceeds the energy transfer rate inside are spaced apart by a predetermined distance such that the fluid can be discharged. equipment. 2. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second elongated outlet opening for discharging fluid from said passageway, said inlet opening being located between said outlet openings. A device characterized in that it is positioned in equal distance spaced relationship from the mouth. 3. An apparatus for treating a web with a treatment fluid, comprising an elongate inlet aperture aligned on opposite sides of the web and an elongate outlet aperture aligned on opposite sides of the web in spaced relationship with the inlet apertures. a thin and narrow tube for receiving said web. passage defining means defining an elongated fluid treatment passage; and conveying the web through the passage. means for supplying a process fluid under pressure to the injection opening to inject the process fluid under pressure into the passageway on opposite sides of the web, thereby applying the process fluid under pressure to both sides of the web in the passageway; Fluid supply hand to establish a cushion of processing fluid to support the web and the discharge opening is configured such that the boundary layer is such that the mass transfer rate in the fluid is such that the mass transfer rate in the fluid is When the fluid reaches a predetermined thickness that exceeds the mass transfer rate in the web, the fluid A device characterized in that the device is separated by a predetermined distance such that the device is discharged from the storage path. Place. 4. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the discharge opening comprises opposite ends of the passageway. 5. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said discharge opening is provided in said passageway on both sides of said material. Apparatus characterized in that it comprises spaced and juxtaposed apertures that allow the openings to be opened. 6. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the injection opening is arranged in the passageway on both sides of the material. A device characterized in that it comprises juxtaposed apertures provided in the path-defining means. 7. An apparatus for treating a web with a treatment fluid, comprising: at least a pair of elongated and juxtaposed injection openings for injecting fluid into the passageway on opposite sides of the web; and an injection opening for discharging fluid from the passageway. installed on the upstream and downstream sides of at least two pairs of elongated and juxtaposed discharge openings for receiving said web; passageway defining means defining a thin fluid treatment passageway for admitting a fluid treatment fluid under pressure to the inlet port and establishing fluid cushions under pressure on opposite sides of the web for supplying treatment fluid under pressure to the inlet port and supporting the web; and fluid supply means for establishing a high velocity fluid flow from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, the spacing between the pair of inlet openings and the pair of outlet openings being such that the boundary layer of fluid The space is such that the fluid is discharged from the passageway when a predetermined thickness is reached such that the speed of matter movement in the fluid exceeds the speed of mass movement in the web. equipment. 8. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed pairs of injection openings; A plurality of pairs of discharge openings are provided, and these injection openings and discharge openings repeatedly appear alternately. A device characterized by being arranged in a pattern. 9. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each pair of juxtaposed discharge openings discharges fluid from a respective adjacent juxtaposed injection opening. 10. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein fluid is circulated from the outlet opening to the inlet opening. 1. An apparatus further comprising means for adjusting the position and returning the position. 12. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein less fluid is circulated back to the injection opening. Device characterized in that it further comprises means for at least partial replenishment. 13. A film processor for processing a photosensitive web with a processing fluid, comprising: passage defining means for defining a thin fluid treatment passage; a fluid evacuation means for ejecting process fluid from the passageway on opposite sides of the web at a first location; fluid injection means for injecting a process fluid into said passages on both sides to establish a fluid cushion on both sides of said web and a high velocity, laminar fluid flow flowing to said fluid ejection means; E.g., the first location is spaced apart from the second location by a predetermined distance; and the fluid is discharged from the passage when the boundary layer reaches a predetermined thickness such that it provides a mass transfer rate in the fluid that exceeds the mass transfer rate in the web. A film processor characterized by: 14. A film processor for processing a photosensitive web with a processing fluid, comprising: a passage for defining a thin, elongated fluid treatment passage for receiving said web; fluid evacuation means for discharging and injecting a process fluid into the passageway at a second location spaced from the first location; fluid injection means for establishing a laminar flow at high speed to a location, the spacing of the first and second locations, the thickness of the passageway, and the velocity of the fluid within the passageway; energy of the fluid A film processor having a predetermined value for maintaining an energy transfer rate greater than an energy transfer rate in the web. 15. 16. A film processor according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the laminar fluid has an average mass transfer velocity in the range of 0.010 cm/sec to 0.001 cm/sec. 16. An apparatus for drying a web comprising: a pair of spaced apart flat surfaces defining a passage having a predetermined length therebetween for movement of said web; parallel members arranged in parallel, juxtaposed elongated openings respectively provided in said surfaces, and said injection into the passageways on both sides of the web, thereby causing the Establishing an air cushion on both sides of the web and the opening above the surface of the web. means for establishing a flow of air at a predetermined velocity in a direction on either side of the mouth, said passage having a length and thickness, said velocity minimizing a thermal boundary layer of said air flow; and a value such that the rate of heat transfer of the air in the passageway exceeds the rate of heat transfer in the web. 17. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the member comprises a flat plate and a front A device characterized in that said openings comprise elongated slits each attached to said plate. 18. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hand for supplying air to the slit. a stage comprising an elongate housing each attached to said plate; Apparatus characterized in that each housing defines a chamber for air under pressure. 19. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein a prism attached to each of said housings. A device further comprising a numeral. 20. In an apparatus for treating a web with a treatment fluid, the web is received. passage defining means for defining a fluid treatment passage for a fluid treatment system, the passage defining means comprising a plurality of elongated and juxtaposed fluid injection openings provided on both sides of the passage; a plurality of juxtaposed fluid outlet openings, wherein the fluid inlet opening and the fluid outlet The exit port is a passage defining member angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the web. supplying a process fluid under pressure to the injection opening to direct the process fluid under pressure to both sides of the web; fluid supply means for injecting into said passageway at a side, thereby establishing a flow of processing fluid from said injection opening to said discharge opening in an angular relationship to the longitudinal axis of said web. A device characterized by: 21. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the injection opening includes a plurality of spaced pairs of juxtaposed elongated slits. 22. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the evacuation aperture includes a plurality of spaced apart pairs of juxtaposed elongate slits, each pair of juxtaposed injection slits having two adjacent pairs of juxtaposed elongate slits. arranged between pairs in a spaced relationship from these pairs. A device characterized in that it is placed. 23. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said passageway defining means comprises a pair of parallel spaced apart plates for receiving said web therebetween, each pair of said injection slits and each pair of said ejection slits , each comprising juxtaposed slits in said plate. 24. In an apparatus for drying a web of photosensitive material, passage defining means defines a passage for receiving a web, the passage defining means comprising a plurality of elongated spaced apart passages for applying drying fluid to opposite sides of said web. Dry flow from both sides of the web through the injection opening. a plurality of elongated spaced-apart evacuation openings for evacuation of the body, the inlet opening and the evacuation port being arranged generally parallel and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the web; passageway defining means for supplying drying fluid to said injection opening; and a fluid supply means for the purpose. 25. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the injection openings are provided on opposite sides of the passageway. a plurality of spaced pairs of juxtaposed elongated apertures; Place. 26. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the discharge opening is provided on both sides of the a plurality of spaced apart pairs of juxtaposed elongate apertures, each pair of said inlet apertures being disposed in spaced relationship between and from two pairs of said outlet apertures; A device characterized by: 27. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said passageway defining means comprises a pair of spaced parallel plates for receiving said web therebetween, each pair of said inlet openings and each pair of said outlet openings. A device characterized in that it comprises juxtaposed slits provided in each of the plates. 28. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the fluid supply means for supplying the drying fluid comprises: housing means defining a fluid chamber adjacent to and on opposite sides of the adjacent plate; and housing means defining a fluid chamber on opposite sides of the adjacent plate; 1. A device characterized by comprising: means for introducing. 29. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said housing means comprises a pair of housings disposed in spaced apart relationship with said plate, and said means for introducing said fluid is provided between said housing means and said plate. A device characterized by comprising a hollow spacer. 30. 30. The device of claim 29, wherein air is exhausted from the passage through the exhaust slit into the space between the housing and the plate. Place. 31. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein each said inlet opening is provided on one side of said passageway and has an opening juxtaposed with one of said outlet openings on the other side of said passageway. A device characterized in that it is arranged in a section. 32. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the means for defining the passageway comprises a pair of parallel, spaced apart plates for receiving the web therebetween, and the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture are provided in the plates. A device characterized by comprising an elongated slit. 33. In an apparatus for treating a moving web with a fluid, the web is received. passageway defining means defining an elongated passageway having an inlet for admission and an outlet for ejecting said material; and a plurality of locations spaced in a predetermined order along said passageway from said inlet to said outlet; fluid injection means for injecting a processing fluid into the passageway and discharging the processing fluid from the passageway at a plurality of locations spaced apart in a predetermined sequence along the length of the passageway from the inlet to the outlet; a mixing chamber defining means for defining an elongated mixing chamber adjacent to the passageway; and mixing chamber defining means for discharging fluid from the discharge location into the mixing chamber in a predetermined order along the length of the chamber. means for injecting process fluids of different processing capacities into said chamber in a specified order; and means for circulating process fluids from said outlet to said injection location. A device characterized by: 34. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the fluid with the lowest throughput is the lowest through the outlet. A device characterized in that the mixing chamber is also introduced into the mixing chamber at a remote location. 35. 35. Apparatus according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that fluids having different flow path lengths are sequentially introduced into the mixing chamber. 36. 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the ejection locations alternate with the injection locations. , so that each injection position is located between two evacuation positions, and each injection position A device characterized in that fluid flows from one location to two adjacent discharge locations. 37. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein each injection location is spaced a distance from each adjacent discharge location, such that when the boundary layer of fluid reaches a predetermined thickness, An apparatus characterized in that said fluid is discharged at. 38. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the number of fluid inlet locations in the mixing chamber corresponds to the number of outlet locations in the passageway, the outlet locations communicating with the mixing chamber, such that An apparatus characterized in that the sequentially arranged discharge positions communicate from the outlet of the mixing chamber to the sequentially arranged mixing chamber positions, respectively. 39. Apparatus for treating photosensitive web or sheet material with fluids during processing - passage defining means for defining an elongated processing passage having an inlet at one end for receiving the web and an outlet for discharging the web at the other end; and from the inlet to the outlet; means for conveying the web through the passageway to the passageway; fluid injection means for injecting a processing fluid into the passageway at a plurality of locations; fluid evacuation means for circulating processing fluid into the passageway at a plurality of locations spaced apart along the passageway; mixing chamber defining means for defining an elongated mixing chamber for mixing the discharged fluid prior to circulation, the mixing chamber having an outlet and a spacer along the length of the passageway; A plurality of fluid inlet positions are provided and each communicates with the injection position, and the inlet positions provided in order from the outlet are connected to the discharge positions provided in order from the outlet. a mixing chamber defining a mixing chamber in communication with an outlet location such that the chemically most inferior process liquid enters the mixing chamber at a location most spaced apart from the outlet relative to the chemically less inferior liquid; and fluid circulation means for circulating fluid from the mixing chamber to the injection location. 40. In the device according to claim 39, fluids having different lengths of flow paths are sequentially introduced into the chamber. A device characterized in that it is inserted. 41. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the injection location and the evacuation location are evenly spaced along the passageway, and the injection location is such that each injection location is located between two adjacent evacuation locations. A device characterized in that it is provided alternately with a discharge position. 42. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the fluid injection means and the fluid ejection means each a plurality of pairs of ports spaced apart and juxtaposed on opposite sides of the web; 43. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein each of said evacuation ports and each of said inlet ports characterized in that the passageway comprises an elongated opening extending in a direction transverse to the passageway. equipment. 44. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the passage defining means is configured to define the passage. A device comprising a pair of elongated plates having a predetermined distance therebetween for the purpose of the invention, said elongated opening comprising a slit provided in said plates. 45. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising: means for sensing the effectiveness of a solution between the mixing tank and the injection port; and in response to sensing a particular threshold of effectiveness, a portion of the solution. and means for replenishing the solution with fresh solution. 46. In an apparatus for treating a moving web with a fluid, the web is received. passageway defining means for defining an elongated passageway for admission; fluid injection means for injecting a process fluid into said passageway at a plurality of spaced locations along said passageway; discharging process fluid from the passageway at a plurality of locations spaced along the a pump means having an inlet and an outlet for circulating fluid from the ejection position to the injection position; and a pump means disposed between the ejection position and the inlet at the ejection position. The drained fluid is and means for uniformly mixing the discharged fluid between the discharge location and the inlet of the pump. 47. 47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the fluid mixing means is configured to mix the discharged flow at each node. A device characterized in that it comprises means for sequentially mixing the bodies. 48. 48. The apparatus of claim 47, further comprising means located between the outlet and the injection location for uniformly and sequentially dividing fluid from the pump into a plurality of fluid streams supplied to the injection location. A device characterized by: 49. A processor for photosensitive web materials having a chamber for a liquid, comprising: a plurality of fluid bearings spaced apart within the chamber and adapted to be immersed in the liquid; and applying a process liquid under pressure to the bearings. means for supplying the bearing; Drain the liquid under pressure, thereby forming a liquid cushion on both sides of the web. aperture means for supporting the film in the path without physical contact with the bearing. 50. 50. The processor of claim 49, wherein each said bearing comprises a pair of housings spaced apart and juxtaposed on opposite sides of said web for receiving said liquid. A processor characterized by: 51. 51. The processor of claim 50, wherein each of the housings includes a hole for venting the liquid under pressure. 52. 52. The processor of claim 51, wherein each said bearing faces said web. 12. A processor according to claim 1, further comprising flanges attached to sides of a housing that communicate with said holes to establish a cushion of liquid under pressure adjacent said web. 53. In a processor for photosensitive sheets with a chamber for a liquid, a predetermined sheet path disposed in spaced relation in a tank immersed in the liquid and having a length less than the length of the sheet. a plurality of fluid bearings positioned to support the seat within the bearing; a fluid supply means for supplying fluid under pressure to the bearings; and a fluid supply means installed in each of the bearings. Establishes a liquid cushion on both sides of the sheet, which allows the object to be hole means for supporting the sheet without physical contact therewith. 54. 54. The processor of claim 53, wherein the sheet is moved along a first axis in the path. A processor further comprising roller means for conveying to a receiver. 55. 55. The processor of claim 54, further comprising pump means for circulating liquid from the chamber to the fluid bearing. 56. 56. The processor of claim 55, wherein each of said hydrodynamic bearings A pair of housings are provided on both sides of the pump. 1. A processor having an internal space for receiving a solution from a pumping means, said housing comprising said hole means. 57. 57. The processor of claim 56, wherein each said bearing faces said web. A processor comprising: flanges attached to a side of the housing that communicate with the apertures to establish a cushion of pressurized liquid adjacent the web. 58. 58. The processor of claim 57, wherein a plurality of said chambers are provided, each chamber comprising a plurality of said fluid bearings for sequentially passing said sheet through a separate processing liquid. 59. 59. The processor of claim 58, wherein the seat is located between adjacent chambers. 1. A processor further comprising roller means for conveying the waste from one tank to the next.