JPH064683A - Polygon plotting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a polygon plotting device whose processing capacity is high and which can deal with a polygon data group at a wide space. CONSTITUTION:A first storage means 1 holding polygon data on objects existing in plural spaces different in scales and data discriminating the spaces, a data magnification means 2 magnifying/rotating and shifting polygon data for arranging the object in a plotting space, a scale conversion means 3 calculating a viewpoint shift value based on a scale ratio, a viewpoint coordinate and respective spatial original point coordinates, a coordinate transformation means 4 transforming the coordinate between the respective spaces with the viewpoint as an original point, a perspective transformation means 5 projecting the object consisting of the three-dimensional coordinate and transforming it into a two-dimensional coordinate, a second storage means 6 storing the two-dimensional coordinate which the perspective transformation means 5 transforms, a permuation exchange means 7 rearranging the two-dimensional coordinate stored in the second storage means 6 from that nearest to the viewpoint and a plotting means 8 plotting a polygon in the permutation order are provided. The plural spaces consisting of the polygon data groups different in the scales are plotted and transformed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polygon drawing device used in the field of three-dimensional computer graphics such as workstations and game machines.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art To draw polygon data, the following 2
There are two ways. When drawing both a short-distance polygon and a long-distance polygon, the coordinates are displayed as indices by a DSP (digital signal processor) or the like. When drawing one space of a short-distance polygon or a long-distance polygon, the coordinates are displayed with fixed bits.

[0003]

When the coordinates are calculated by exponents for drawing both the short-distance polygons and the long-distance polygons, the processing is performed by the DSP. Therefore, the conversion time from the polygon data to the drawn bitmap is transmitted to the processing capability of the DSP, and is about 300 polygons even when the fastest DSP (60 ns) is used. Further, even when the DSP processing is hardened, the circuit scale of the exponential calculation is large, and it is not suitable for hardened IC or the like.

On the other hand, in the method of displaying coordinates with fixed bits in order to draw one space of a short-distance polygon or a long-distance polygon, processing can be performed at high speed by using a pipeline structure for the arithmetic unit, but Because it is limited,
If it is fixed to 16 bits, it can only draw up to 65 m on a 1 mm scale, and if you want to draw up to 10 km, 16
If it is a bit, the scale will be 15 cm and the drawing will be rough.
To make the space large and fine, the bit length must be increased.

As described above, when the polygon data is drawn, there is a drawback that the processing capability is low when the coordinates are expressed by indexes, and the space is small or the drawing is rough when the coordinates are expressed by fixed bits.

Therefore, in the apparatus for rendering and converting one space, the processing capacity is improved by the above method. Alternatively, it is required to improve the image quality and handle a polygon data group in a wide space by having a plurality of spaces having different scales by the above method.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polygon drawing device which has a high processing capacity and can handle a polygon data group in a wide space.

[0008]

A first polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention comprises first storage means for holding polycon data of objects existing in a plurality of spaces having different scales and data for distinguishing the spaces. Data scaling means that scales, rotates, and moves polycon data to arrange an object in the drawing space, scale conversion means that calculates the viewpoint shift value based on the scale ratio, viewpoint coordinates, and coordinates of each space origin, and viewpoint Based on the movement value, coordinate conversion means for converting the coordinates of each space with the viewpoint as the origin, and based on the output of the coordinate conversion means, an object composed of three-dimensional coordinates is projected on the screen.
Perspective conversion means for converting into two-dimensional coordinates, and second storage means for storing the two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion means,
A permutation unit for rearranging the two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage unit in the order closer to the viewpoint and a drawing unit for drawing polygons in the order are provided, and a plurality of spaces composed of polygon data groups with different scales are drawn and converted. It is characterized by doing.

The second polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention is
First storage means for storing a polygon data group existing in one space, a data scaling means device for scaling, rotating and moving the polygon data for arranging an object in the drawing space, and a viewpoint based on the viewpoint coordinates. Coordinate conversion means for converting coordinates as the origin, flag generation means for judging the distance from the viewpoint, and for generating a flag for dividing into a plurality of polygon data groups by comparing with a plurality of set division distances, and coordinate conversion means. Based on the output of the three-dimensional coordinates, the object is projected on the screen and converted into two-dimensional coordinates. The two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion means are divided by the flag output from the flag generation means. A second storage means for storing the same, a permutation permutation device for rearranging the two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means in ascending order from the viewpoint, and drawing polygons in the permutation That a drawing means, characterized in that the parallel-processable into a plurality of permutation replacement means and drawing means.

A third polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention has a first storage means for holding polycon data of objects existing in a plurality of spaces having different scales and data for distinguishing the spaces, and the objects are arranged in the drawing space. In order to do this, the data scaling means that scales, rotates, and moves the polycon data, and the viewpoint movement value is calculated based on the scale ratio, the viewpoint coordinates, and the coordinates of each spatial origin, and the set division distances are scale-converted. Scale conversion means, coordinate conversion means for converting the coordinates of each space with the viewpoint as the origin based on the viewpoint movement value, a distance from the viewpoint for each space, and a plurality of scale-converted by the scale conversion means. Of the three-dimensional coordinates based on the output of the flag generating means for generating a flag for dividing into a plurality of polygon data groups by comparison with the division distance of A perspective transformation means for projecting an object consisting of the object onto a screen to transform it into two-dimensional coordinates, and a second storage means for storing the two-dimensional coordinates transformed by the perspective transformation means by dividing the two-dimensional coordinates by the flag output from the flag generating means. A permutation changing means for arranging the two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means in ascending order from the viewpoint, and a drawing means for drawing polygons in the order.

[0011]

In the first polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention, the first storage means holds the polycon data of the objects existing in the spaces of different scales and the data for distinguishing the spaces. The polycon data is scaled, rotated, and moved to arrange the object in the drawing space. On the other hand, the viewpoint moving value is calculated by the scale converting means based on the scale ratio, the viewpoint coordinates, and the coordinates of each space origin. The coordinate conversion means converts the coordinates of each space with the viewpoint as the origin, based on the viewpoint movement value. 3 which is the output of the coordinate conversion means
Polygon data composed of dimensional coordinates is converted into two-dimensional coordinates by the perspective conversion means. The two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion means are stored in the second storage means. The two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means are rearranged in the order closer to the viewpoint by the permutation permutation means, and the drawing means draws the polygons in the permutation.

According to the second polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention,
A polygon data group existing in one space is stored in the first storage means. The polygon data is scaled, rotated, and moved to arrange the object in the drawing space. The coordinate conversion means converts the coordinates with the viewpoint as the origin based on the viewpoint coordinates. On the other hand, the flag generation means determines the distance from the viewpoint, and compares it with the set division distances to generate a flag for dividing into a plurality of polygon data groups. Polygon data composed of three-dimensional coordinates output from the coordinate conversion means is converted into two-dimensional coordinates by the perspective conversion means. The two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion unit are divided by the flag output from the flag generation unit and stored in the second storage unit. The two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means are rearranged in order from the viewpoint by the permutation permutation device, and the drawing device draws polygons in the permutation. Further, the data (for example, a character cell) developed into the two-dimensional data can be inserted between the plurality of polygon data groups and drawn.

According to the third polygon drawing apparatus of the present invention,
Polycon data of objects existing in a plurality of spaces having different scales and data for distinguishing the spaces are held in the first storage means. The polygon data is scaled, rotated, and moved to arrange the object in the drawing space. On the other hand, the scale conversion means calculates the viewpoint movement value based on the scale ratio, the viewpoint coordinates, and the coordinates of each space origin, and scale-converts the set division distances. The coordinate conversion means converts the coordinates of each space with the viewpoint as the origin, based on the viewpoint movement value. The flag generation means determines the distance from the viewpoint for each space, and compares the plurality of division distances scale-converted by the scale conversion means with each other to generate a flag for division into a plurality of polygon data groups. Polygon data composed of three-dimensional coordinates output from the coordinate conversion means is converted into two-dimensional coordinates by the perspective conversion means. The two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion unit are divided by the flag output from the flag generation unit and stored in the second storage unit. The two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means are rearranged in the order closer to the viewpoint by the permutation permutation device, and the drawing device draws polygons in the permutation. Further, the data (for example, a character cell) developed into the two-dimensional data can be inserted between the plurality of polygon data groups and drawn.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of a polygon drawing device.

In a memory 1 for storing a polygon data group forming an object, a plurality of polygon data groups having different scales are stored together with data for distinguishing each polygon data group.

For example, in the memory 1, (1) a polygon data group represented by a 16-bit data length with 1 bit as 1 mm unit, and (2) 1 bit as 1024
In mm units, a polygon data group represented by a 16-bit data length and two polygon data groups are stored together with data for distinguishing each polygon data group.

The scaling / rotation / movement device 2 scales / rotates / moves the polycon data stored in the memory 1 in order to arrange the object in the drawing space.

The scale conversion device 3 receives the viewpoint coordinates, the scale ratio and the origin coordinates (minimum scale) of each space, and the origin of the space of the small scale polygon data group in which the viewpoint exists and the large scale polygon data group. The relative value with respect to the origin of the space is calculated, and the viewpoint movement value of each space is converted to the scale of each space from the relative value and the viewpoint coordinates.

As shown in FIG. 2, the scale conversion device 3 includes a spatial relative value calculation circuit 101 and a scale conversion calculation circuit 102.
Composed of. The spatial relative value calculation circuit 101 is composed of a subtractor that calculates the difference between the origin coordinates of a large-scale space and the origin coordinates of a small space where the viewpoint exists. The scale conversion arithmetic circuit 102 includes an adder 103 that adds the output of the subtractor 101 and viewpoint coordinates, and an adder 10
3 is divided by the scale ratio to calculate a viewpoint movement value.

In the coordinate conversion device 4 for converting coordinates with the viewpoint as the origin, each polygon data is identified by the data (flag) for distinguishing each polygon data group, and the viewpoint conversion value is input from the scale conversion device 3 to make the visual field. Perform conversion calculation.

The perspective transformation device 5 calculates the coordinates (Xs, Ys) projected on the screen based on the coordinate values (X, Y, Z) output from the coordinate transformation device 4 by the following equation 1.

[0024]

## EQU1 ## Xs = (X / Z) × VLEN Ys = (Y / Z) × VLEN

However, VLEN is the distance between the viewpoint and the screen.

As shown in the above equation 1, since the X and Y coordinates are calculated by the ratio with Z by the calculation of the perspective transformation, it is not necessary to consider the difference in scale.

The coordinate data obtained by the perspective transformation device 5 is stored in the screen memory 6. The permutation exchange device 7 rearranges the coordinate data stored in the screen memory 6 in ascending order from the viewpoint. Then, the drawing device 8 draws polygons in the frame memory 9 in the order.

As described above, since the scale conversion value and the data for distinguishing the space are included, the polygon data groups in a plurality of spaces can be drawn and converted in the same apparatus.

3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows the overall structure of the polygon drawing device.

The memory 11 stores a polygon data group existing in one space. Magnification / rotation / movement device 1
Reference numeral 2 scales, rotates, and moves the polycon data stored in the memory 11 in order to arrange the object in the drawing space.
The coordinate conversion device 13 converts the coordinates using the input viewpoint coordinates as the origin. The perspective transformation device 15 projects an object composed of three-dimensional coordinates onto a screen, as in the first embodiment.
Convert to two-dimensional coordinates.

Device 14 for determining the distance from the viewpoint
As shown in FIG. 4, only the Z value output from the device 13 that transforms the coordinates with the viewpoint as the origin is input, the division distances L1 to Ln are specified, and the Z value is divided into the division distances L1 to L1.
A plurality of comparators 111 provided according to Ln are used for comparison,
The output of each comparator 111 is encoded by the encoder 112 to obtain (n + 1) screen memories 16-1 to 16-1.
A flag designating one of the 16- (n + 1) and (n + 1) frame memories 20-1 to 20- (n + 1) is generated.

The two-dimensional coordinates obtained by the perspective transformation device 15 are screen memories 16-1 to 16- (n + 1) designated by the flag output from the flag generation device 14.
Memorized in. Each screen memory 16-1 to 16-
The two-dimensional coordinates stored in (n + 1) are rearranged by the permutation permutation device 17 in ascending order from the viewpoint. In the permutation permutation device 17, processing is independently performed for each of the screen memories 16-1 to 16- (n + 1) designated by the flag. Then, the frame memories 20-1 to 20-corresponding to polygons in a permutation by the drawing device 18 are arranged.
It is drawn at (n + 1). The drawing device 18 draws characters in order from the viewpoints 1 to n, and draws a character cell 19 having no Z value between the memories, thereby
Character cells are drawn with pseudo Z values in a dimensional polycon data group, and polycon data and character cells can be drawn by the same device and the same process. Further, since the permutation permutation device 17 and later can independently process each memory, parallel processing can be performed and high-speed processing can be performed.

5 to 7 show a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the overall structure of the image processing apparatus.

A memory 21 for storing a polygon data group forming an object stores a plurality of polygon data groups having different scales together with data for distinguishing each polygon data group.

The scaling / rotation / movement device 22 scales / rotates / moves the polycon data stored in the memory 21 in order to arrange the object in the drawing space.

The scale converting device 23 comprises a viewpoint moving scale converting circuit 121 having the same structure as that of FIG. 2 and a division distance scale converting circuit 122 shown in FIG. The division distance scale conversion circuit 122 is provided corresponding to each of the outputs of the encoder 106, the encoder 106 to which the space discrimination signal is input, the divider 105 that calculates the ratio of the pseudo Z value and the scale ratio, and the divider 105. And a plurality of registers 107 for storing the output of L1.
~ Ln and process flags F1 to Fn are output.

In the coordinate transformation device 24 for transforming coordinates with the viewpoint as the origin, each polygon data is identified by the data (flag) for distinguishing each polygon data group, and the viewpoint movement value is inputted from the scale conversion device 23 to make the visual field. Perform conversion calculation.

In the perspective conversion device 26, the coordinates (Xs, Ys) projected on the screen are calculated as in the first embodiment.

In the flag generation device 25, the division distances L1 to Ln scale-converted by the scale conversion device 23 and the Z value output from the coordinate conversion device 24 are compared by the comparator 111 as shown in FIG. Only the comparison result selected by the flags F1 to Fn is output to the encoder 112, the result is encoded, and the screen memories 27-1 to 27-
(N + 1) and frame memories 30-1 to 30- (n
Output the flag to +1).

The two-dimensional coordinates obtained by the perspective transformation device 26 are screen memories 27-1 to 27- (n + 1) designated by the flag output from the flag generation device 25.
Memorized in. Each screen memory 27-1 to 27-
The two-dimensional coordinates stored in (n + 1) are rearranged by the permutation permutation device 28 in the order closer to the viewpoint. In the permutation permutation device 28, 27-1 to
The processing is performed independently for each 27- (n + 1). Then, the drawing device 29 draws the polygons in order in the corresponding frame memories 30-1 to 30- (n + 1). Further, in the drawing device 29, drawing is performed in order from the viewpoints 1 to n, and the character cell 31 having no Z value is drawn between the memories, so that the character cell is Z in the three-dimensional polycon data group. It is drawn with a pseudo value, and polycon data and character cells can be drawn with the same device and processing.

[0043]

According to the first polycon data drawing device of the present invention, a scale conversion device is newly provided to instantly calculate the viewpoint movement value of each space, thereby making it possible to compose a plurality of polycon data groups having different scales. The drawing conversion can be performed in the same space with the same device.

According to the second polycon data drawing device of the present invention, a device for determining the distance from the viewpoint is newly provided, and the Z value of the character cell is artificially given to the drawing conversion of the three-dimensional polygon data group. By doing so, the same device can perform the same drawing conversion. In addition, since each memory can be processed independently after the permutation permutation device, parallel processing can increase the speed.

According to the third polycon data drawing device of the present invention, a scale conversion device and a distance determination flag generation device are provided to give polygonal data and character cells in a plurality of spaces having different scales pseudo Z values. The same drawing conversion can be performed with the same device. Further, after the permutation permutation device, parallel processing can increase the speed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the scale conversion device in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a flag generation device in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the scale conversion device in FIG.

7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a flag generation device of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 11, 21 Memory 2, 12, 22 Variable magnification, rotation, moving device 3,23 Scale conversion device 4, 13, 24 Coordinate conversion device 5, 15, 26 Perspective conversion device 6, 16, 27 Screen memory 7, 17 , 28 Permutation switching device 8, 18, 29 Drawing device 9, 20, 30 Frame memory

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first storage unit for holding polycon data of objects existing in a plurality of spaces having different scales and data for distinguishing the spaces, and scaling the polycon data for arranging the objects in a drawing space, Rotating and moving data scaling means, scale conversion means that calculates the viewpoint movement value based on the scale ratio, viewpoint coordinates and coordinates of each space origin, and the coordinate of each space with the viewpoint as the origin based on the viewpoint movement value. Coordinate transformation means for transforming, a perspective transformation means for projecting an object consisting of three-dimensional coordinates onto a screen based on the output of the coordinate transformation means, and two-dimensional coordinates transformed by the perspective transformation means. Second storage means for storing, permutation switching means for arranging the two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means in ascending order from the viewpoint, and drawing for drawing polygons in permutation Comprising a stage, a polygon drawing device for drawing convert multiple space of polygon data group with different scales. 2. A first storage means for storing a polygon data group existing in one space, a data scaling means device for scaling, rotating, and moving the polygon data for arranging an object in a drawing space, and a viewpoint. Coordinate conversion means for converting coordinates with the viewpoint as the origin based on the coordinates, and flag generation that determines the distance from the viewpoint and compares it with the set multiple division distances to generate a flag for dividing into multiple polygon data groups And a perspective conversion means for projecting an object composed of three-dimensional coordinates onto a screen based on the output of the coordinate conversion means and converting it into two-dimensional coordinates, and the two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion means from the flag generation means. Second storage means for dividing and storing by the output flag, and a permutation permuting device for rearranging the two-dimensional coordinates stored in the second storage means in ascending order from the viewpoint, A device for storing drawing data expanded to the dimension coordinates, comprising a drawing means for drawing a polygon permutation street, the parallel processing can and polygon drawing apparatus to a plurality of permutation replacement means and the drawing means. 3. A first storage means for holding polycon data of objects existing in a plurality of spaces having different scales and data for distinguishing the spaces, and scaling the polycon data for arranging the objects in a drawing space, Rotating and moving data scaling means, scale conversion means that calculates the viewpoint movement value based on the scale ratio, viewpoint coordinates and each space origin coordinates, and scale conversion of the set multiple division distances, and the viewpoint movement value Based on the coordinate conversion means for converting the coordinates of each space based on the viewpoint as the origin, the distance from the viewpoint is determined for each space, and a plurality of divided distances are scaled by the scale conversion means and compared with a plurality of divided distances. A flag generating means for generating a flag for dividing into polygon data groups and an object consisting of three-dimensional coordinates are projected on the screen based on the output of the coordinate converting means. Perspective conversion means for converting into two-dimensional coordinates, second storage means for storing the two-dimensional coordinates converted by the perspective conversion means by dividing the two-dimensional coordinates by the flag output from the flag generation means, and stored in the second storage means. A polygon drawing apparatus comprising: a permutation changing means for arranging two-dimensional coordinates in an ascending order from a viewpoint, a device for storing drawing data already developed in two-dimensional coordinates, and a drawing means for drawing polygons in the order.