JPH0641767Y2 - Tool changer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a device for replacing a tool such as a milling cutter, which is attached to a spindle of a processing machine.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, in order to attach a tool to a spindle of a processing machine, there are a case where it is fixed by tightening with a bolt, and a case where the tool is attached by using a biasing force of a spring to facilitate attachment and detachment of the tool. .

In recent years, in order to improve productivity by reducing the time for setup change and reduce the labor of workers, various devices have been proposed in which the tool is easily attached and detached by utilizing the biasing force of a spring.

Generally, in this type of device, a drawbar is slidably passed through the axis of a main shaft of a processing machine, one end of the drawbar is seated on the main shaft, and a spring is biased rearward (retracting direction) to draw the drawbar. Is provided at the tip end thereof with a holding means for fixing the tool to the spindle by utilizing the urging force of a spring.

Then, the fixing of the tool from the main shaft is released by advancing the draw bar against the biasing force of the spring.

Here, since the tool must be firmly fixed to the spindle with a force that is greater than the cutting resistance during cutting, a spring with a very large spring constant is used (for example, k = 3000 kgf / mm or so. ), As a means for advancing the draw bar against the biasing force of the spring when changing the tool, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder that can generate a large pressing force is used (for example, a hydraulic cylinder is used). The above is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-39137.).

(Problems to be solved by the invention) By the way, in general, when exchanging tools in a machine tool, it is a principle to turn off the machine power for safety reasons. Therefore, when a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like is used as the means for advancing the drawbar as described above, it is necessary to install a drive source for operating the drawbar separately from the processing machine. Alternatively, since piping for connecting the air cylinder and the drive source must be provided, there are problems such as an increase in equipment cost and an installation space. In addition, when the drawbar is moved forward, a large force is applied to the main shaft via the spring, and the bearing or the like supporting the main shaft is easily damaged.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to manually move the drawbar against the urging force of a large spring, and to force the main shaft unreasonably. It is to provide a tool changing device without adding a tool.

(Means for Solving Problems) Means for solving the above problems will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

Drawbar 13 slidably penetrated on the axis of main shaft 8
And a flat spring 16 for urging the drawbar 13 in the retracting direction.
And a flat spring provided at the tip of the drawbar 13.
Holding means for attaching the tool (milling cutter) T to the spindle 8 by the urging force of 16 (retracting claw 14 and hooking hole 15)
And a tool that allows the drawbar 13 to be pushed forward against the biasing force of the flat spring 16 to release the fixation by the holding means and to replace the tool T. In the exchange device, a pair of push rods 23, 24 are arranged on the rear end side of the draw bar 13 along the axis of the draw bar, and one push rod 23, 24 is pushed between the pair of push rods 23, 24 by rotation. Push the rod to move the drawbar forward,
And the other push rod 24 to the one push rod 23
A cam 27 that moves in a direction away from is arranged, and a lever 10 that engages with the main shaft and blocks axial movement of the main shaft is rotatably attached to the other push rod 24. A manual operation lever for rotating the cam on the shaft 30 and for interlocking the lever with the rotation of the cam.
31 is attached.

(Operation) According to this configuration, since the push rod 23 that follows the cam 27 moves the draw bar 13 against the biasing force of the belleville spring 16, a relatively small force for rotating the cam 27 is required. It is possible to move the drawbar 13 with, and further, the lever 10 engaged with the main shaft 8 is moved by the other push rod 24 in the opposite direction to the one push rod 23, and the main shaft 8 is pressed in the opposite direction to the movement of the draw bar 13. By doing so, the load is prevented from being applied to the spindle 8 by the movement of the drawbar 13, so that only the drawbar 13 is moved, the holding means is released, and the tool T can be removed from the spindle 8, and the operation lever can be manually operated. You can easily change the tool by operating.

(Embodiment) Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

Reference numeral 1 is a processing machine, and 2 is a tool changer which is an essential part of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the processing machine 1 is mounted on the base body 4 of the cross unit 3 so that it can be moved back and forth and left and right. Also, the base body 4
A motor 6 for driving the processing machine 1 is attached to the via a bracket 5.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the processing machine 1, a main shaft 8 is rotatably provided in a main body 7 of the processing machine via a bearing (not shown), and a rear side of the main shaft 8 serves as a drive shaft of the motor 6. It is connected by a belt 9 and is rotated by the operation of the motor 6 during processing. Further, a hooking member 12 having an annular groove 11 into which a lever 10 described later can be hooked is fixedly attached to the rear end of the main shaft 8.

A draw bar 13 slidably penetrates the axis of the main shaft 8, and a holding means for attaching a milling cutter T, which is a tool, to the main shaft 8 is provided at the tip end side of the draw bar 13. This holding means, as shown in FIG.
Of the drawing claw 14 provided at the tip of the milling cutter T, a large diameter hole formed in the bottom of the milling cutter T into which the head 14a of the drawing claw 14 can be inserted, and a small diameter through which the shaft part 14b of the drawing claw 14 can be inserted. And a hooking hole 15 formed continuously with
Insert the pull-in claw 14 from the large diameter hole, rotate the milling cutter T to move the shaft portion 14b of the pull-in claw 14 so as to be located in the small diameter hole, and then retract the draw bar 13 to move the milling cutter. The cutter T is fixed to the main shaft 8 (state shown in FIG. 1).

A rear portion of the drawbar 13 penetrates the engaging member 12 and projects rearward, and a screw groove 13a is formed on the rear end thereof. Then, by fitting the countersunk spring 16 on the rear side of the drawbar 13 and screwing the screw 17 into the screw groove 13a, the countersunk spring 16 is interposed between the engaging member 12 and the screw 17, and , The screw 17 is elastically deformed by tightening the screw 17, and the draw bar 13 is elastically deformed by the elastic force.
Bias backwards.

Next, the tool changer 2 will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the exchange device body 18 is
The lower member 18a is interposed between a pair of parallel plate-shaped supporting members 19 attached to the base body 4 of the cross unit 3 and is rotated through the supporting member 19. It is rotatably supported by being attached to the shaft 20. On the front side of the support member 19, a stopper 21 for restricting the forward rotation of the exchange device body 18 is provided.
A spring 22 for urging the exchange device body 18 forward is provided on the rear side, whereby the exchange device body 18 can swing back and forth at a constant angle.

As shown in FIG. 1, a first push rod 23 and a second push rod 24 are slidably attached to the exchange device main body 18 so as to be positioned on the same axis behind the drawbar 13. Further, the push rods 23, 24 are urged by springs 25, 26 in a direction in which they approach each other.

A cam 2 is provided between the first and second push rods 23, 24.
7 are provided. As shown in FIG. 4, a first cam 28 and a second cam 29 are fixedly attached to the cam 27, and the first cam 28 is attached to the first push rod 23. The second cam 29 is in sliding contact with the second push rod 24. The shaft 30 of the cam 27 is
A direction in which the first and second push rods 23 and 24 are separated from each other by being attached to the operation lever 31 shown in FIGS. 7 and 7 and driven by the rotating cam 27 by rotating the operation lever 31. Moved to.

At the rear end of the second push rod 24, the rear end side of the U-shaped lever 10 is rotatably mounted.
The tip end side of 10 has a shape branched into two so as to engage with the annular groove 11 of the engaging member 12 (see FIG. 3). Then, the lever 10 causes the pin 33 provided on the side surface of the lever 10 to abut on the upper surface of the plate-like projection (see FIGS. 6 and 7) 32 attached to the operation lever 31, The operation lever 31 is rotated in accordance with the rotation operation to engage or release with the engaging member 12.

Reference numeral 34 in FIG. 3 is a guide for preventing lateral displacement when the lever 10 is rotated.

The operation of the above configuration will be described.

In the attached state of the milling cutter T shown in FIG. 1, the drawbar 13 is biased rearward by the elastic force of the spring 16, and the drawing claw 14 firmly attaches the milling cutter T to the main shaft 8. At this time, the first and second push rods 23, 24 are located close to each other, and the front end of the first push rod 23 and the rear end of the draw bar 13 are separated from each other by a slight distance. Also, the operating lever
Reference numeral 31 is located on the upper side as shown in FIG. 6, and accordingly, the lever 10 is also positioned on the upper side, and the engagement with the engagement member 12 is released.

Next, the case where the milling cutter T is replaced will be described.

When the operation lever 31 is lowered and the cam 27 is rotated, the first push rod 23 is moved forward by being driven by the first cam 28, and at the same time, the second push rod 23 is driven by being driven by the second cam 29. 24 moves backwards. Further, as the operating lever 31 is lowered, the lever 10 also rotates downward, and the tip side engages with the annular groove 11 of the engaging member 12.

Then, when the first push rod 23 moves forward, the draw bar 13 is pushed forward and moved.

On the other hand, when the second push rod 24 moves rearward, the tip end side of the lever 10 pushes the inner side surface 11a of the annular groove 11 of the engaging member 12 rearward to reliably prevent the main shaft 8 from moving. As a result, the countersunk spring 16 is tightened, and the drawbar is
Since 13 projects forward with respect to the main shaft 8, the pull-in claw 14
The holding by is released, and the milling cutter T moves to the spindle 8.
It is possible to remove it (Fig. 2 shows the state).

Further, when the milling cutter T is removed and a new one is attached, when the operation lever 31 is lifted from the state shown in FIG. 2, the lever 10 is also lifted accordingly and the engagement with the engagement member 12 is released. , The first and second push rods 23, 24 move in the direction in which they approach each other, following the cam 27. Then, as the first push rod 23 retracts, the draw bar 13 is retracted by the elastic force of the belleville spring 16, and the retracting claw 14 fixes the new milling cutter T to the spindle 8.

As described above, by operating the operation lever 31, the milling cutter T can be easily attached to and detached from the spindle 8.

In the present embodiment, the tool holding means has the pull-in claw 14, but the present invention is not limited to this, as long as the tool can be detached by advancing and retracting the drawbar 13. Any holding means may be used.

Further, by disposing rollers on the sliding surfaces of the push rods 23, 24 with respect to the cam 27, slippage may be improved and the operation may be performed smoothly.

(Effect of the Invention) As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the drawbar is moved by one of the pair of push rods that move in the opposite directions following the cam rotated by the operation lever. The main shaft is fixed with the other push rod via a lever linked with to prevent the load from being applied, and only the draw bar is moved without damaging the bearings that support the main shaft and the holding means is released to release the tool. Since it can be attached and detached, the tools can be replaced by a simple manual operation.

For this reason, unlike the conventional method, it is not necessary to provide a drive source separate from the machine tool unlike the one using a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, and it is not necessary to install piping, so the facility cost can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the installation space can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a tool changer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part showing a state in which a tool is attached to a spindle. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part showing a state in which the tool is removed by the tool changing device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cam used in the tool changing device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is used in the tool changing device shown in FIG. 1 is a right side view of the holding means shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 6 is an overall front view showing a connection state between the tool changer shown in FIG. 1 and a processing machine, and FIG. 7 is a left side of FIG. It is a side view. 1 …… Processing machine 2 …… Tool changing device 8 …… Spindle 10 …… Lever 13 …… Drawbar 14 …… Drawing claw (holding means) 15 …… Latching hole (holding means) 16 …… Bellet spring (spring) 23 …… First (one) push rod 24 …… Second (other) push rod 27 …… Cam T …… Milling cutter (tool)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Creator Toru Hashimoto 20 Ishigane, Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture Fujikoshi Co., Ltd. , U) Actually open 61-1337 (JP, U) Actually open 62-32745 (JP, Y2)

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A drawbar slidably penetrating the axis of a main shaft, a spring which has one end seated on the main shaft and biases the drawbar in a retracting direction, and a spring provided at the tip of the drawbar. Holding means for attaching the tool to the main shaft by the urging force of the tool, and connecting the draw bar to the front by pushing the draw bar against the urging force of the spring to release the fixing by the holding means. In the tool changer that enables the replacement of the push bar, a pair of push rods are arranged on the rear end side of the draw bar along the axis of the draw bar, and one push rod is rotated between the push rods. A cam is arranged to push the rod to move the draw bar forward and move the other push rod in the direction away from the one push rod. A lever that rotatably engages with the main shaft and blocks axial movement of the main shaft is rotatably attached to the shrod, and further, the cam is rotated with the shaft of the cam and the lever is interlocked with the rotation of the cam. A tool changer equipped with a manual operation lever.