JPH0633432B2 - Transparent bar soap - Google Patents

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transparent bar soap (soap ba) having outstanding transparency.
r).

2. Description of the Related Art Toilet soap consists of a mixture of a long-chain fatty acid salt and a solvent (usually water), and is formed of three phases of solid crystals, liquid crystal and liquid. For many bar soaps, their transparency is the result of light scattering at the interface between several phase domains. In particular, if a large number of small solid crystals are present in the amorphous continuous phase of the cosmetic point soap, incident light can pass through many interfaces. Light will be scattered rather than passing through the rods because some phases have different reflectivities. Note that solid crystals are anisotropic in nature. The reflectance of solid crystals depends on the orientation, so that the reflectance of the liquid phase cannot match the reflectance of all orientations of the solid phase.

Proposals have been made to reduce the size of solid crystals to improve the transparency of toilet soaps. The reduced size can reduce or even eliminate light scattering due to the crystal. For example, US Pat. No. 4,517,107 (Clarke et al.)
Includes two mutually transmutable surfaces (tow mutua) in what is known as a cavity transfer mixer.
Soap-containing compositions are described which become transparent under shear between lly displaceable surfaces).

It has also been proposed to crystallize the soap mixture from a solution containing an evaporable solvent such as ethanol to eliminate the problem of solid crystals. This method can limit the size of solid crystals that may be formed. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,433 (Inui et al.) Tallow // coconut oil was saponified with aqueous sodium hydroxide in the presence of 20% ethanol, to which white sugar, polyethylene glycol and glycerin were added to obtain The composition thus obtained is poured into a mold and cooled and dried. The presence of sugar matches the reflectivity of several phases to form a transparent rod.

Another method, described in US Pat. No. 3,926,828 (0'Neill et al.), Uses saturated free fatty acids with a branched structure to obtain a bar soap that retains its clarity and initial glossy appearance after repeated use. There is. The composition is typical of bar soaps containing free triethanolamine.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,820,768 (Framont) describes a typical transparent bar soap, "neutrog
The term "enous)" was first used to indicate the presence of a substantial amount of acid-neutralizing substances (ie triethanolamine). The resulting bar soap yielded a substantial amount of free triethanolamine. Contains a mixture of sodium and triethanol ammonium soap (35-40% each) The starting fat and oil are derived from saponified castor oil as an aid to solvent 30% castor oil and higher fatty acid salts to improve clarity. And ricinoleate of ricinoleate.
Are described to suppress crystallization of higher fatty acid salts in the final soap during cooling. It should be noted here that ricinoleate and castor oil are preferably expensive compounds which are cost-wise not to be present in the soap.

In US Pat. No. 4,206,069 (Borrello), the problem of cost is pointed out, and the problem of tackiness of the conventional transparent bar soap is also pointed out. Since known transparent bar soaps are substantially hygroscopic, they lose transparency when the humidity is high. In the above patent,
To increase hardness, reduce cost and improve transparency
It is taught to incorporate 10-65% of certain synthetic detergent ingredients. A mixture of sodium and triethanolammonium soap is used in combination with a synthetic detergent. In this case, a non-volatile solvent such as alkylene glycol or triethanolamine must be added in an amount of 10 to 45%.

A method combining the "neutrogenous" theory with physical shear is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,474,683 and US Pat. No. 4,397,760 (St.
ory et al.). In this case, the fatty acid mixture containing glycerin and triethanolamine and the caustic soda mixture are mixed by a powerful countercurrent mixing method capable of giving a strong shearing action. The obtained soap is in the form of a film,
It is said that when it gets wet, it actually becomes a crystal clear like a crystal. 30.5% and 25.9% for bar soaps, respectively
It contains a mixture of sodium and triethanolamine (TEA) soap of 22.1% free TEA and 6.3% water.

As a problem with many conventional bar soaps, especially soaps produced by the "Neutrogenus" triethanolamine method,
Substantial coloring problems are mentioned. Many known products are transparent, but have a dark brown color. US Patent 4,468,3
38 (Lindberg) pointed out the coloring problems mentioned above in connection with mixed sodium and triethanolammonium fatty acid soaps. Additives such as citrate and alkali metal metabisulfite blends must be included in order to prevent darkening of the color and not lose transparency.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a transparent bar soap which has substantially improved transparency, which transparency is maintained during use of the bar soap.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bar soap that does not require expensive fats and oils such as castor oil and ricinoleate to obtain sufficient transparency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a transparent soap which is less colored than conventional soaps.

An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent soap having a high hardness without exhibiting the tackiness as found in the conventionally known bar soap.

Other objects and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The clear bar soap provided by the present invention comprises i) alkanol ammonium and an alkali metal salt of a C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acid in a molar ratio of alkanol ammonium to alkali metal fatty acid salt of less than about 0.1-1.0. A mixture; and ii) a liquid solvent system comprising water and free alkanolamine in a weight ratio of 0.25 to less than 1.0 and a total fatty acid salt to solvent weight ratio of 0.02 to 1.0.
Is less than.

The transparent bar soaps of the present invention are predominantly, preferably exclusively, compositions containing one isotropic phase. Bar soaps contain a mixture of alkanolammonium and alkali metal soaps in a solvent consisting primarily of free alkanolamine and water. These components are known as components of the transparent bar soap as described above. However, there has been no description of defining the three critical ratios within a narrow range in order to substantially improve the transparency and color of the product. The bar soaps of the present invention do not need, and are not desired to contain, special branched chain fatty acids, castor oil, ricinoleate or other additives to obtain clear bar soaps. The critical ratio specified in the present invention is as follows.

(1) The weight ratio of total fatty acid salt to solvent must be 0.02 or more and less than 1.0. It is preferably 0.25 to 0.75,
The optimum value is 0.5 to 0.6. The ratio should be low enough to suppress the formation of solid crystals. However, the ratio must be somewhat high in order to form a hard bar soap at room temperature.

(2) The weight ratio of water to free alkanolamine must be greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than 1.0. Preferably 0.35-0.6
, Optimally 0.4 to 0.5. The ratio defines the amounts of the components so that the soap has a sufficiently high solvent dielectric constant to prevent the soap from becoming insoluble in the solvent system. Therefore, the growth of solid crystals can be avoided. However, the weight ratio of water to free alkanolamine must be somewhat low in order to be small enough to prevent dissociation of the alkanol ammonium counterion, which has a high solvent dielectric constant. This is because the counterion considerably increases the head size of soap molecules. As a result, the isotropic cubic liquid crystal is packed sphere-like, which is more packed than the anisotropic lamellar or hexagonal liquid crystal phase.
micelles).

For purposes of this invention, "free" alkanolamine refers to an excess of alkanolamine in excess of that required to neutralize any acid present in the rod composition. In this specification, alkanolamines and alkanolammonium is C ₁ -C ₃ mono -, di - used so as to encompass and / or triethanolamine and ammonium compounds. For example, mono-, di- and / or triethanolamine and ammonium ions are suitable according to the invention. The triethanolamine and triethanolammonium cations are particularly suitable.

(3) The molar ratio of alkanolammonium to alkali metal fatty acid salt should be less than about 0.1-1.0. It is preferably 0.5 to 0.9, and most preferably 0.6 to 0.7. A cubic liquid crystal may be formed according to the ratio. When the ratio is smaller than the above range, an anisotropic liquid crystal is formed due to a small head size of soap anion. However, when the ratio is higher than the above range, the steric hindrance hinders the micelle formation, the solubility of soap is lowered, and the solid crystals are formed.

The optimum values for the three ratios are interdependent. For example, when the ratio of soap to solvent is high, the ratio of water to alkanolamine may be increased so that the dielectric constant of the solvent does not rise to such a value that dissociation of trialkanol ammonium counterions occurs. An anisotropic liquid crystal phase will form if dissociation of the trialkanol ammonium counterion occurs.

The desired value of the ratio depends on the degree of unsaturation of the soap present and the particular chain length distribution. For example, shortening the average chain length or increasing the degree of unsaturation increases the solubility of the soap. This allows a higher soap to solvent ratio. However, higher soap to solvent ratios tend to dissociate the alkanol ammonium counterions, so the water to alkanolamine ratio in the solvent must be reduced at this time. Adjusting the ratio to the above range results in a composition that is substantially free of unsaturated soap. It has been suggested that transparent bar soaps, including unsaturated soaps, have a characteristic yellow color.

A small amount of an organic substance such as saccharide or an antioxidant may be added to the solvent system as long as the transparency is not lost. However,
The dielectric constant of the solvent mixture should not change rapidly. The additives mentioned must not crystallize solid soap crystals or dissociate alkanol ammonium cations. Further, the concentration of the substance is not a concentration that reduces the amount of free alkanolamine to 10% or less of the composition.

Addition of electrolytes to the solvent system should be avoided. This is because the electrolyte reduces the solubility of soap and increases the tendency to form anisotropic liquid crystals.

Although the above ratios have been theoretically explained in relation to physical phenomena, it should be noted that the present invention is not bound by these theories.

The liquid solvent system is an essential component in the present invention. It is defined that the solvent system must contain components that are liquid at room temperature. Water and free alkanolamines are common solvent components. However, the amount of solvent present must be considered when formulating another water-miscible organic liquid material. Thus, possible solvents include monohydric and polyhydric alcohols such as ethanol, alkyl glycols, chryserine; alkyl and aryl ethers such as diethyl ether, phenyl ethyl ether; diethyl phthalate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl palmitate,
And alkyl and aryl esters such as diethesnesinate; alkyl and aryl ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone; and mixtures thereof.

The composition of the present invention is produced by heating and mixing the ingredients until the ingredients are dissolved. Then the composition is cooled and solidified.
The mixture must be stationary during solidification. But,
If desired, the mixture may be poured into each mold before it cools and solidifies. It is particularly desirable for these molds to be transparent.

Strong shearing is not necessary or desirable to make the solidified material transparent. This is because the rigidity in the material is lost once solidification begins. Furthermore, it is not necessary to dry or age for a sufficient time to obtain a composition with optimum clarity.

The term "transparent" is used herein in a generic sense. Therefore, transparent soap is a soap that allows objects behind to be seen like glass. In contrast, a translucent soap is one that allows light to pass through but the presence of very small amounts of crystals or insolubles causes light to scatter, thus ensuring the identification of objects behind the translucent soap. It's soap that you can't do.

In the present invention, the transparency of the bar soap is understood to mean that the maximum trans-mittance when a sample having a thickness of 10 cm is irradiated with light having an arbitrary wavelength of 200 to 800 nm is at least 1%. I want to be done. When the maximum light transmittance of the sample is 0.01 to less than 1%, it is regarded as a semi-transparent bar soap. When the maximum light transmittance is less than 0.01%, it is regarded as opaque bar soap. The above-mentioned transmissivity was measured by using a Hewlett-Packard 8451A Diod sample of solid soap having a predetermined thickness.
Easily placed in the light beam path of a UV-VIS spectrometer such as an e Array spectrometer. According to this transparency measuring method, the optical transparency can be measured with high sensitivity regardless of the color, as compared with the conventional method.

As used herein, the term "soap" is used in its general sense. That is, it refers to an alkali metal or alkanol ammonium salt of an aliphatic alkane- or alkene monocarboxylic acid. The alkanol ammonium refers to a compound in which a nitrogen cation is substituted with one, two or three C _{1 to} C ₄ hydroxyalkyl groups, and examples thereof include a triethanol ammonium cation. Suitable alkali metal cations include potassium and sodium, the latter being preferred.

The soap which can be used in the present invention is about 12 to 22, preferably
Known salts of natural or synthetic fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms (alkanoic acids or alkenoic acids). In the case of soaps having a fatty acid distribution of coconut oil, its molecular weight lies at the lower end of the broad molecular weight range. In the case of soaps with a fatty acid distribution derived from peanut oil or rapeseed oil or its hydrogenated derivatives, its molecular weight is at the upper end of the broad molecular weight range.

It is preferable to use soaps having a fatty acid distribution of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof. This is because these are readily available fats. The proportion of fatty acids containing at least 12 carbon atoms in coconut oil soap is about 85%. This ratio is based on coconut oil and main chain length C
It will be higher when more than ₁₆ fats such as tallow, palm oil, or non-tropical nut oil or a mixture of fats are used.

All or part of the coconut oil used as soap may be replaced by other "high lauric" oils, i.e. at least 50% of the total fatty acids by oils and fats consisting of lauric acid or myristic acid and mixtures thereof. Typical examples of said oils include tropical nut oils (tropiec) of coconut oil.
al nut oils) are exemplified. In this, palm kernel oil,
Bavasu palm oil, ouricuri oil, Brazil palm oil (tucum
oil), cohne palm nut oil, murmur oil, jaboty kernel oil, k
Includes hakan kernel oil, dika nut oil and ucuhuba butter.

A preferred alkali metal soap is about 15-20% coconut oil and about
It is a mixture of 80-85% tallow. These mixtures are about 95
% Fatty acid containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Soap may be produced from coconut oil, which has a fatty acid content of about 85%.
C _{12 to} C ₁₈ chain length of

Soaps are unsaturated compounds (unsaturated) according to commercial acceptance standards.
ation) may be included. Usually an excess of unsaturated compounds is avoided.

Desirably a small amount of sulfite may be present. These salts are selected from bisulfite, hydrosulfite, metabisulfite, sulfite and mixtures thereof.
Suitable salt counterions include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl ammonium cations and mixtures thereof. When present, the amount of salt is about 0.03 to less than 0.3% by weight, preferably 0.03 to less than 0.2% by weight, and optimally 0.03 to 0.06% by weight. As mentioned above, the transparent toilet soap of the present invention may be exceptionally slightly colored if a suitable color reducing agent can be present in the transparent toilet soap of the present invention. . In the case of the known transparent bar soaps, the tinting inhibitors are not as effective as in the present invention.

Adjuvants such as germicides, fragrances and colorants may be present. However, in terms of cost and performance, it is not desirable to blend castor oil, ricinoleate, branched chain saturated fatty acids, and soap in an amount of 50% or more of the total amount of bar soap.

Examples of the present invention will be shown below. All parts, percentages and ratios herein are by weight based on the total weight of the composition unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 Examples of bright compositions of the present invention are listed in Tables IA-IE. All of these formulation compositions were prepared according to the methods outlined below. Fatty acids, sodium metabisulfite, sodium borohydride and butylhydroxyanisole (if present) and a small amount of water were dissolved in triethanolamine. The mixture was heated at about 80 ° C for 10 minutes.
Then, the solvent containing the balance water, propylene glycol, polyol A-625 and ethanol (if any), glycerin and sodium soap were added. A condenser was used to prevent the loss of volatile components. After mixing the components, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. until all components were dissolved. The fragrance was added last if necessary. It was then poured into a mold and cooled. The soap bar obtained was hard and transparent.

The following supplementary explanation is added about some items in Tables IA to IE. Fatty acid E-132 is a mixture containing palmitic acid (50%) and stearic acid (45%),
2 (trade name) represents uristearic acid sold by Emery Chemical Co., and has an average molecular weight of 2
72. Similarly, E-625 is a partially hardened coconut fatty acid containing 49% lauric acid and 19% myristic acid, commercially available from Emery Chemical Co. as Emery 625, and has an average molecular weight of 207. In the preparation of the present composition, the fatty acids (E-132 and E-625) all react with triethanolamine to produce triethanolammonium soap. This is because triethanolamine is excessively mixed with the fatty acid, and even if the reaction is reversed, the presence of excess triethanolamine (referred to as free triethanolamine) causes triethanolammonium soap to be added again. It can be said that the reaction is substantially irreversible and completely progresses because of the formation, but the total amount of the fatty acid is triethanol ammonium soap. In all instances, soap means an opaque toilet soap, ie a mixture of sodium tallow and sodium coconut fatty acid. At this time, the ratio of tallow salt to coconut fatty acid salt is specified by "T". That is, the Ts represented by 1, 2, 3 and 4 have the ratios of 82/18, 64/36 and 40/6, respectively.
It indicates 0 and 00/100. Moisture (mo
isture) is indicated by the water content (%) in the opaque toilet soap. Polyols are manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries of
A hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate containing 70% solids and 30% water, sold by Amirica under the name Polyol A-625 (trade name). BHA is an abbreviation for butylhydroxyanisole (antioxidant).

Example 2 This example uses the critical ratios described above, namely soap to solvent,
It is illustrated that properties can be improved by sticking with water vs. free triethanolamine and triethanolammonium soap vs. sodium soap. However, free triethanolamine is referred to as triethanolamine that remains after the reaction with fatty acid (production of triethanolammonium soap) because it is excessively mixed with fatty acid.

In the above Tables II-A to II-E, the hardness of the soap bar is 1
It is represented by (hard) or 2 (liquid). Only the "hard" bars in this case are within the scope of the invention. Regarding the transparency, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate transparent, semitransparent, and opaque, respectively. Only transparent sticks are acceptable.

In calculating each ratio, soap weight means the total anhydride weight of both triethanol ammonium soap and sodium soap. Here, the calculation method of the total weight of anhydrides will be described. First, regarding the weight of total anhydride of triethanolammonium soap, since one molecule of fatty acid and one molecule of triethanolamine react to produce triethanolammonium soap, the molecular weight of triethanolammonium soap is obtained (the fatty acid And nothing but the sum of the molecular weights of triethanolamine).

Next, since the total amount of the fatty acid reacts to form triethanolammonium soap, it can be seen that the number of moles of the fatty acid prepared in the composition and the number of moles of the generated triethanolammonium soap are the same. Therefore, the average molecular weight, and the number of moles of the fatty acid calculated from the blended weight,
Also, from the molecular weight of triethanol ammonium soap,
The weight of the triethanolammonium soap produced can be calculated.

In addition, the total weight of anhydrous sodium soap is obtained by subtracting the amount of wet from the weight of prepared sodium soap (wet is the percentage of the weight of water contained in the prepared sodium soap. .). Solvent weight is the total weight of free triethanolamine, water and all water-miscible organic liquids. Also, 70% of sodium sulfite, sodium borohydride, butylhydroxyanisole, and polyol is solid content. By weight of water is meant the total weight of water from all sources including opaque toilet soap, polyol and added water. Here, the water contained in the opaque toilet soap is shown in the table as wetness, and the water contained in the polyol is 30% of the weight of the polyol.

Table II-A examines the effects of varying the total fatty acid soap to solvent weight ratio. The weight ratio of water to triethanolamine and the molar ratio of triethanolammonium soap to sodium soap were kept constant throughout the series of examples. Here, the molecular weight of soap was calculated from the saponification value (reference value). Below, the calculation method of each numerical value in the table is
Example 10 will be described by specifically exemplifying it.

a) Calculation of Soap Weight From Table IA, fatty acid E-132 in 100 g of composition
Has a weight of 12.5 g. As mentioned above, fatty acid E-1
Since the average molecular weight of 32 is 272, the fatty acid E-13
The number of moles of 2 is 0.046. Since the number of moles of the prepared fatty acid is the same as the number of moles of the produced triethanolammonium soap, the number of moles of the produced triethanolammonium soap is 0.046.

The average molecular weight of triethanolammonium soap can be calculated as E-132 average molecular weight 272 and the molecular weight of triethanolamine 149 to 421 (149 + 272). Therefore, the weight of triethanol ammonium soap in 100 g of the composition is 0.046 × 421 = 19.
4 and at the same time the weight of free triethanolamine can be calculated here as 48.6−0.046 × 149 = 41.8.

Next, the weight of soap in 100 g of the composition is 22.0 g according to Table IA, which is a value having water content (wetness). Therefore, the weight of soap less water, that is, the total weight of anhydrous soap is 22.0 × (1-0.11).
8) = 19.4 g.

From the above, the total anhydride weight of 100 g of the soap component in the composition is the total weight of the triethanolammonium soap and the total anhydride weight of the soap, 19.4 + 19.4 = 38.
It will be 8 g.

b) Calculation of solvent weight Free triethanolamine is 41.8 g from a). With respect to water, the total of 16.0 g of added water and 2.6 (22.0 × 0.118) g of wetness in soap can be calculated as 18.6 g. Of the remaining ingredients, those included in the definition of solvent are fragrances, whose weight is 0.9.
It is g. Therefore, the weight of the solvent in 100 g of the composition is 4
It becomes 1.8 + 18.6 + 0.9 = 61.3g.

c) Calculation of molecular weight of soap The soap used in the present invention is a sodium salt of fats and oils composed of tallow and coconut oil. The saponification value of tallow and coconut oil is based on the literature (Bailey's Indus trial Oil and Fat
Products, Volume 1, 4th Edition, page 514),
See 250-264 and 195-205, respectively. In this example, the mixing ratio of tallow and coconut oil is 82 /
Since it is 18 (T = 1), the average saponification value of the oil is 0.82 × 250 × 0.18 × 195 = 205.

Saponification value is "KOH required to saponify 1g of fat and oil.
The weight (mg) of the oil and fat is 2 g.
05 mg of KOH will be needed. Therefore, K
The weight (g) of fats and oils (saponified) that react with 1 mol of OH (56.13 g) is (1 / 0.205) × 5.
It becomes 6.13 = 273.8 g.

Fats and oils are glycerin esters of higher fatty acids, and saponification of one molecule of fats and oils requires three molecules of KOH (the glycerin ester is a trivalent ester), so the average molecular weight of the fats and oils is 273.8. It can be calculated as × 3 = 821.4.

Here, since the fatty acid sodium salt produced after saponification of the oil and fat is the sodium soap of this example, the average molecular weight of the sodium soap of this example is 82%.
After subtracting 92.0 of the molecular weight of glycerin from 1.4, the value obtained by adding the molecular weight of NaOH to the value obtained by dividing the valence of the ester by 3 is obtained. That is, (821.4-92.0) /
From 3 + 40.0 = 283.1, the average molecular weight of sodium soap can be calculated as 283.1.

The above is the method for calculating the average molecular weight of soap. However, when the mixing ratio of tallow / coconut oil, which is the raw material fat, is different (examples where the T value in the table is different) other than this example, the mixing ratio The average molecular weight of the soap can be calculated by the same method except that the average value of the valence is calculated proportionally.

d) Calculation of numerical values in Table II-A The soap / solvent weight ratio is 38.8 / 6 from a) and b).
1.3 = 0.63.

The weight ratio of water / TEA is 18.6 / 4 from a) and b).
1.8 = 0.44.

The molar ratio of TEA soap / soap is (1) from (1)
9.4 / 421) / (19.4 / 283.1) = 0.6
It becomes 7.

As described above, the concrete calculation method is shown for the example 10.
The values of other examples can be calculated similarly.

Also, for the polyols added in several examples other than Example 10, 30% of the weight was calculated as water in the composition. Example 1 shows that when the total soap to solvent weight ratio is 0.02, it becomes liquid even though it becomes transparent and is unsatisfactory in terms of hardness. On the other hand, Example 13 shows that the upper limit of the ratio is less than 1.01, and at 1.01, it becomes semi-transparent instead of transparent.

Table II-B shows water vs. free triethanolamine (TEA).
This is an examination of changes in the weight ratio of. The other ratios were kept constant. As shown in Example 14, water vs. free TE
When the weight ratio of A is 0.06, the hardness is appropriate but the bar becomes opaque. On the other hand, when the ratio is 0.25 as in Example 15, the hardness is appropriate, but the bar is only translucent. Example 16
The above-mentioned ratios in the range of 23 to 23 show satisfactory values in terms of both hardness and transparency. Examples 24 and 24 show that at the ratios of 1.00 and 1.42 the bar becomes translucent again.

Table II-C shows the effect of varying the molar ratio of TEA soap to sodium soap. The other ratios were kept constant. It can be seen from Example 26 that at least some TEA soap is required, i.e. a clear one cannot be obtained unless the ratio is greater than zero. Examples 27-33 show the ratio to be satisfied. A hard and transparent rod is obtained in this range. In Examples 34 to 37, the bar became opaque when the ratio was 1.00 or more,
It is shown that the composition becomes liquid when the ratio is further increased.

Table II-D shows the effect when the three types of ratios are randomly changed within the range defined by the previous Tables II-A to II-C. All compositions were satisfactory in terms of hardness and clarity.

Table II-E shows the cases where the above three ratios are out of the above ranges. It can be seen that neither composition can combine satisfactory hardness and transparency.

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Jerry Jiaroslava Clapa United States, State of New Jersey, County of Maurice, Rotukauay Township, Onida Avenir 19 (56) Bibliography 47-7555 (JP, B1)

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. i) Ammonium alkanol and C ₁₂ -C
₂₂ A mixture containing an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid in a molar ratio of alkanol ammonium to alkali metal fatty acid salt of about 0.1 to less than 1.0; and ii) a liquid solvent containing water and free alkanolamine in a weight ratio of 0.25 to less than 1.0. A transparent bar soap comprising a system; wherein the weight ratio of total fatty acid salt to solvent is 0.02 or more and less than 1.0. 2. The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the alkanolamine is triethanolamine and the alkanolammonium ion is triethanolammonium. 3. The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of alkanol ammonium to alkali metal fatty acid salt is 0.5 to 0.9. 4. The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of alkanol ammonium to alkali metal fatty acid salt is 0.6 to 0.7. 5. A bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of total fatty acid salt to solvent is 0.25 to 0.75. 6. The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the total fatty acid salt to the solvent is 0.5 to 0.6. 7. The ratio of water to free alkanolamine is 0.35 to.
The bar-shaped soap according to claim 1, which is 0.6. 8. The ratio of water to free alkanolamine is 0.4-.
The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the bar soap is 0.5. 9. The bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt is a mixture of tallow fatty acid salt and coconut fatty acid salt. 10. The bar soap according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of tallow to coconut is 90:10 to 30:70. 11. The bar soap according to claim 1, further comprising a compound selected from bisulfite, hydrosulfite, metabisulfite, sulfite and a mixture thereof. 12. The bar soap according to claim 11, wherein the concentration of the compound is 0.03 to 0.2% by weight. 13. The bar soap according to claim 11, wherein the concentration of the compound is 0.03 to 0.06% by weight. 14. A bar soap according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from water, trialkanolamines, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, alkyl and aryl ethers, alkyl and aryl esters, alkyl and aryl ketones and mixtures thereof.