JPH06331354A - Hand-held surveying instrument for confirming unobstructed view - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To set azimuth angle and elevation simultaneously and obtain a sufficient accuracy even by the survey with a hand-held instrument without using a tripod. CONSTITUTION:A box has an azimuth angle meter 40 and an elevation level 35 and a mirror is provided at a position for enabling one's eyes entering from a side window to be positioned at locations opposing the azimuth angle meter 40 and the elevation level 35. A cylinder 10a for confirming the unobstructed view in a target direction is connected to the box via the rotary mechanism for rotating around the axis passing through the center of the side window of the box and a movable mirror 15a for reflecting the one's eyes of the unobstructed view in the target direction toward the wide window and a left and right level 12 are laid out. Further, while the movable mirror 15a is closed, the azimuth angle of the target is set by adjusting the azimuth by the azimuth angle meter 40 and then the elevation set to the cylinder by the rotary mechanism is set to a target elevation by horizontal adjustment with the elevation level 35 and the left and right level 12, and then a movable mirror switching mechanism where the unobstructed view in the target direction is confirmed by opening the movable mirror 15a is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a line-of-sight confirmation hand-held surveying instrument used for confirmation of obstacles in the line-of-sight direction corresponding to predetermined azimuth, elevation, and depression (hereinafter referred to as "line-of-sight confirmation").

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When installing a ground station antenna for a broadcasting satellite or a communication satellite, it is necessary to check the azimuth and elevation of the satellite according to the region and to confirm the line of sight in the azimuth and elevation. . That is, if the sky is visible in the line-of-sight direction, it is determined that there is a line-of-sight with the satellite, and if buildings and other obstacles are seen, it is determined that there is no line-of-sight with the satellite or there is an obstacle. The same applies to the confirmation of the opposite direction between the terrestrial radio stations.

By the way, in the conventional surveying method, the line-of-sight for the target azimuth and elevation (depression) is checked by fixing a surveying instrument (for example, transit, pocket compass) to a tripod and performing a survey after strict horizontal adjustment. It was done.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a surveying method using a pocket compass. In the figure, a pocket compass is installed on a tripod 71, and horizontal adjustment is performed while looking at the electronic levels 72 and 73 in two directions. Next, the target azimuth and elevation are set by the azimuth meter 74 and the elevation meter 75. By the above adjustments and settings, the direction of the tube 76 is determined as the surveying direction.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a surveying method using a hand level meter. The hand level meter is used only for elevation (depression) surveying. In the figure, the elevation pointer 8
1 is set on the elevation scale 82 to set the target elevation angle. A level 83 is attached to the elevation pointer 81 so as to interlock. Inside the tube 84 for confirming the line of sight,
A mirror 85 is arranged so that the target direction and the level 83 can be checked at the same time. (2) is a state inside the peephole when looking through the eyepiece 86. When the air bubble 87 of the level 83 which is visible through the mirror 85 is aligned with the position of the base line 88 while the tube 84 is directed toward the target direction, the view 89 in the direction corresponding to the target elevation angle is seen.

Alternatively, when the cylinder 84 is aligned with the target and the bubble 87 of the level 83 is aligned with the position of the base line 88 while rotating the elevation pointer 81, the value of the elevation scale 82 indicated by the elevation pointer 81 is the elevation angle in the target direction. Becomes

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a surveying method using a hand-held azimuth scope. The azimuth scope is used only for azimuth measurement. In the figure, the azimuth scope is based on the same principle as that of a telescope.
2, 93 and an eyepiece lens 94. Furthermore, a transparent compass 95 is arranged on the optical path so that the scenery and the transparent compass 95 can be seen at the same time. (2) is the eyepiece 9
This is how it looks from 4. When the target azimuth angle of the transparent compass 95 is adjusted to the position of the base line 96 while the azimuth scope is directed toward the target direction, the view 97 in the direction corresponding to the target azimuth angle can be seen. Also, when the azimuth scope is adjusted to the target, the transparent compass 95 at the position of the base line 96
The value of is the azimuth angle of the target direction.

[0008]

Although the elevation angle of the pocket compass shown in FIG. 17 can be set in advance, horizontal adjustment is indispensable because it is relative to the spirit level 72, 73. On the other hand, it is difficult to adjust the spirit levels 72, 73 and the azimuth meter 74 while looking into the tube 76. Therefore, it is necessary to fix the pocket compass to the tripod 71, perform horizontal adjustment, and set the target azimuth and elevation. That is, when surveying by hand without using a tripod, horizontal and azimuth blurring is likely to occur, and the azimuth and elevation of the target are out of alignment, making accurate survey impossible.

In the hand level meter shown in FIG. 18, as shown in (3), when the line-of-sight direction is horizontal, the level 83 can be viewed directly. However, as the elevation angle (depression angle) becomes larger, the spirit level 83 is viewed from an oblique direction, and not only is it difficult to confirm the bubble 87, but there is a limit to the elevation angle (depression angle) that can be measured due to the effect of parallax.

In the handheld azimuth scope shown in FIG. 19, when the elevation angle (depression angle) in the target direction becomes large, the transparent compass 95 cannot touch the inside of the case to give an instruction. Also, the scale is viewed from an angle, and the accurate azimuth cannot be set or read. Therefore, the transparent compass 95 had to be kept almost horizontal, and the azimuth measurement was possible only for a target having a small elevation angle (depression angle).

By the way, for example, in the line-of-sight confirmation of the satellite direction, it is necessary to set the azimuth angle and the elevation angle at the same time to confirm the line-of-sight direction. Don't do it. Therefore, at present, use a surveying instrument (pocket compass, transit, theorolide, etc.) that is fixed to a tripod, or aim the body with the magnet in one hand in the target direction and then pick it up again on the hand level meter, etc. It was a work form to check the existence of obstacles.

However, the horizontal adjustment and the azimuth adjustment using the tripod are relatively troublesome, and are too large-scaled only for confirming the sight line in the target direction. That is, although it is sufficient to install the antenna at a place where the line-of-sight can be confirmed with a certain amount of margin, more than necessary accuracy has been obtained. Further, in the method using the magnet and the hand level meter, the direction pointed by the magnet is represented by the body direction, which not only makes it difficult to improve the accuracy of the azimuth angle, but also makes it difficult to pick up the hand level meter again. .

The present invention enables simultaneous setting of the azimuth angle and elevation angle (depression angle) for confirming the line of sight, and sufficient accuracy can be obtained even if hand-held surveying is performed without using a tripod. The purpose is to provide a handheld surveying instrument.

[0014]

The hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to the invention of claim 1 comprises a box accommodating an azimuth meter and an elevation level, and a cylinder for confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction. It The box has a mirror at a position where the line of sight entered through the side window is directly opposed to the azimuth meter and the elevation level. The cylinder is connected to the box through a rotation mechanism that rotates about the center of the side window of the box, and reflects the line of sight of the target direction in the direction of the side window so that the azimuth meter and elevation level directly face each other. A movable mirror and a left and right spirit level are arranged.

Further, a movable mirror opening / closing mechanism for opening / closing the movable mirror is provided. With the movable mirror closed,
Set the target azimuth by adjusting the azimuth with the azimuth meter,
The elevation angle set on the cylinder by the rotating mechanism is set to the target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment by the elevation level and the left and right level. After that, the movable mirror is opened to confirm the line of sight in the target direction.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to the first aspect, instead of the movable mirror which is opened and closed as a whole, a partially mirrored fixed mirror and the hollowed-out portion are fitted. It is equipped with a movable mirror that opens and closes like this, and the elevation level is always directly facing by the fixed mirror,
The configuration is such that the azimuth meter or the line of sight in the target direction is switched by opening and closing the movable mirror.

The line-of-sight confirmation hand-held surveying instrument of the invention as defined in claim 3 comprises a box accommodating an azimuth meter and an elevation level, and a cylinder for confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction. The cylinder is a rotating mechanism that arranges a movable mirror that reflects the line of sight in the target direction to directly face the azimuth meter, a fixed mirror that directly faces the elevation level, and left and right levels, and connects them to the box. The elevation angle set by is set to the target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment using the elevation level and the left and right level.

Further, a movable mirror opening / closing mechanism for opening / closing the movable mirror and an angle adjusting mechanism are provided. The movable mirror opening / closing mechanism is configured to set a target azimuth angle by adjusting the azimuth by an azimuth meter while the movable mirror is closed, and then open the movable mirror to check the line of sight in the target direction. The angle adjusting mechanism is configured to change the angles of the movable mirror and the fixed mirror set when the cylinder is horizontal by a half angle of the elevation angle set in the cylinder.

The line-of-sight confirming hand-held surveying instrument of the invention as defined in claim 4 comprises a box accommodating the magnetic sensor and the inclination sensor, and a cylinder for confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction. The cylinder is connected to the box via a rotating mechanism that rotates on the side of the box, and the elevation angle in the target direction is set. The arithmetic processing means is
An azimuth angle error between the azimuth angle information detected by the magnetic sensor and the target azimuth angle and a tilt error with respect to the horizontal direction detected by the tilt sensor are calculated. The display means displays the azimuth angle error and the tilt error in the field of view of the cylinder looking through the target direction.

[0020]

According to the first aspect of the invention, by closing the movable mirror, the line of sight when looking into the cylinder is reflected by the movable mirror, and the azimuth meter and the elevation level are directly faced via the mirror in the box. Can be seen. The azimuth angle of the target direction can be set by adjusting the azimuth at this time. Also, the elevation angle set for the cylinder is relative to the box, but the box can be made horizontal by horizontal adjustment using the elevation level and left / right level, and the elevation angle of the cylinder is set to the target elevation angle. be able to. After that, by opening the movable mirror, the line of sight looking into the cylinder can be seen through the target direction without being obstructed by the movable mirror, and the line-of-sight confirmation with respect to the azimuth angle and the elevation angle set by the continuous operation can be performed.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the movable mirrors which catch the azimuth meter to adjust the azimuth when closed and to see the target direction when opened are the same. In the present invention, the fixed level mirror is arranged around the movable mirror, so that the elevation level can be always captured, and the line-of-sight confirmation and the horizontal adjustment can be performed at the same time. That is, the line-of-sight confirmation can be performed while setting the elevation angle of the target direction.

According to the third aspect of the invention, by closing the movable mirror, the line of sight when looking into the cylinder is reflected by the movable mirror, and the azimuth meter can be directly faced. The azimuth angle of the target direction can be set by adjusting the azimuth at this time. Also, the elevation angle set in the cylinder is relative to the box, but the box can be made horizontal by horizontal adjustment using the elevation level and left / right level, and the elevation angle of the cylinder can be set to the target elevation angle. . After that, by opening the movable mirror, the line of sight looking into the cylinder can be seen through the target direction without being obstructed by the movable mirror, and the line-of-sight confirmation with respect to the azimuth angle and the elevation angle set by the continuous operation can be performed.

The fixed mirror allows the elevation level to be captured at all times, and the line-of-sight confirmation and horizontal adjustment can be performed at the same time. Further, the angle adjusting mechanism operates according to the elevation angle set in the cylinder, and the angles of the movable mirror and the fixed mirror can be adjusted so that the azimuth meter and the elevation level can always be directly faced.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, if the azimuth angle error between the azimuth angle information detected by the magnetic sensor and the target azimuth angle is set to 0, the azimuth angle of the target is adjusted similarly to the azimuth adjustment using the azimuth meter. Can be set. If the inclination error with respect to the horizontal detected by the inclination sensor is set to 0, the same adjustment as the horizontal adjustment using the elevation level and the left and right level can be performed. Thereby, the elevation angle of the cylinder can be set to the target elevation angle.

[0025]

1 and 2 are views showing an embodiment of a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 1. Note that FIG. 1 (1) is an example of a mechanism for setting a target azimuth angle and elevation angle in a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation. (2) shows the internal visual field at that time. FIG. 2 (1) shows an example of a mechanism for confirming the line of sight in the directions of azimuth and elevation. (2) shows the internal visual field at that time.

The structure and function of this embodiment will be described below with reference to the appearance example of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the line-of-sight confirmation hand-held survey instrument has a structure in which a cylinder 10a for confirming the line-of-sight in a target direction at a set elevation angle and a box 30a for accommodating an azimuth meter and an elevation level are combined. . However, Box 3
When the elevation angle fine adjustment dial 31 of 0a is turned, the elevation angle fine adjustment gear 3
The elevation angle gear 33 is interlocked via 2 and the cylinder 10a, which is integrated with the elevation angle gear 33, rotates in the elevation angle (depression angle) direction.

An elevation scale 11a is integrated with the cylinder 10a (elevation gear 33), and the elevation fine adjustment dial 31 of the box 30a is turned to rotate the cylinder 10a and the elevation scale 1.
1a rotates and the target elevation angle is adjusted to the elevation angle pointer 34.
The elevation angle of the cylinder 10a set at this time is relative to the box 30a. Therefore, when the box 30a is leveled by using the left and right spirit level 12 and the elevation level 35, the view seen through the tube 10a is in the direction of the target elevation angle.

Further, the azimuth fine movement dial 36 of the box 30a
When is turned, the azimuth dial 38 with a gear is rotated via the azimuth fine movement gear 37, and the target azimuth is set to the azimuth pointer 39.
To match. The azimuth dial 38 is integrated with the azimuth meter 40, and when the azimuth magnetic needle 42 is aligned with the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 indicating 0 degree (magnetic north), the view seen through the tube 10a is in the direction of the target azimuth angle. Become.

The feature of this embodiment is that the elevation level 35 and the left and right level 12 are used for horizontal adjustment (the bubble of each level is in the center) and the azimuth meter 40 is used for the azimuth adjustment (the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 is the azimuth magnetic needle). 42 together) is possible by looking through the eyepiece 13 of the tube 10a. That is, it is characterized by a structure capable of continuously performing horizontal adjustment and orientation adjustment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation and line-of-sight confirmation in the target direction while looking through the eyepiece unit 13. Moreover, there is also a feature in the structure in which the elevation level 35 and the azimuth meter 40 are made horizontal so that they can be seen facing each other so that the survey can be performed without being influenced by the elevation angle of the cylinder 10a.

The internal mechanism will be described below. In FIG. 1 (1), the first line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14, passes over the movable mirror 15a, and reaches the left / right level 12. Further, the second line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15a, passes through the inside of the elevation angle gear 33 from the side window of the box 30a, and passes through the first elevation level confirmation mirror 44, 2 Reflects at the elevation level confirmation mirror 45 and reaches the elevation level 35. Further, the third line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is the line-of-sight angle mirror 1
4, reflected by the movable mirror 15a, passed through the side window of the box 30a through the inside of the elevation gear 33, reflected by the azimuth meter confirmation mirror 46, and reflected from the back (bottom) of the azimuth meter 40 to the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 and the azimuth. Reach the magnetic needle 42.

Even if the cylinder 10a rotates in the elevation direction,
The angle of each mirror is adjusted so that the azimuth meter 40 and the elevation level 35 can be seen directly from the eyepiece unit 13. In addition, even if the elevation angle of the cylinder 10a increases, the eyepiece 13
Although the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 is used to direct the line-of-sight from the eyepiece portion 13 downward for easy viewing, the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 is not used when the depression angle is measured.

FIG. 1 (2) shows an azimuth angle of 210 ° and an elevation angle of 45 °.
When set to, it is a state of the internal visual field when viewed through the eyepiece unit 13. In this manner, the images of the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 of the left / right level 12, the elevation level 35, the azimuth meter 40, and the azimuth magnetic needle 42 (denoted by respective symbols in the drawing) are within the same visual field. However, the images of the elevation level 35 and the azimuth meter 40 rotate around the center of the visual field according to the elevation angle of the tube 10a. That is, the image of the azimuth meter 40 rotates on the spot, and the image of the elevation level 35 rotates on its circumference. Although the image rotates, the box 30a
The elevation level 35 and the azimuth meter 40, which are installed at, are still in a horizontal state, and can be seen directly from the eyepiece section 13 at all times. This also eliminates the effect of parallax,
Elevation (depression) measurement limits are gone.

The image of the elevation level 35 is seen as being slanted or vertically except when the cylinder 10a is vertical, but it can be distinguished from the images of the left and right levels 12, so that it can be seen by a handheld surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation. There is no hindrance to horizontal adjustment. On the other hand, tube 1
When 0a is vertical (when looking directly above or below), the image of the elevation level 35 becomes horizontal, and it is indistinguishable from the images of the left and right levels 12, but in such a case, in actual surveying. This is not a problem because it is impossible.

With such a mechanism, horizontal adjustment is completed simply by aligning the bubbles of the elevation level 35 and the left and right levels 12 to the center, and the direction of the cylinder 10a can be set to the elevation angle indicated by the elevation scale 11a. it can. The azimuth meter 40
The azimuth adjustment is completed only by aligning the azimuth magnetic needle 42 with the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 on the azimuth dial 3a.
The azimuth angle shown by 8 can be set.

Next, the movable mirror 15a is opened, and the line-of-sight confirmation at the azimuth and elevation is continuously performed. Figure 2
In (1), the first line of sight reaching the left and right spirit level 12 from the eyepiece 13 is the same as the first line of sight shown in FIG. 1 (1). Further, by opening the movable mirror 15a, the fourth line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 and reaches the target direction from the tip of the tube 10a. At this time,
The state of the visual field when viewed through the eyepiece unit 13 is as shown in FIG. That is, the images of the left and right spirit level 12 can be seen as they are, and the landscape (building) in the target direction can be seen as an inverted image instead of the images of the elevation angle level 35 and the azimuth meter 40. In addition,
The baseline is also displayed in the field of view.

With such a mechanism, after the horizontal and azimuth adjustments of the line-of-sight confirmation hand-held surveying instrument are completed, the movable mirror 15a is opened while holding the line-of-sight confirmation hand-held surveying instrument with both hands like a camera. , It is possible to switch to the scenery in the target direction with the same field of view. Therefore,
It is possible to easily confirm the line-of-sight in the target direction without taking the eye from the eyepiece unit 13. In addition, the line-of-sight confirmation can be performed with sufficient accuracy without fixing to a tripod.

Now, the opening / closing mechanism of the movable mirror 15a will be described with reference to FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation as seen from above. (1)
Is a movable mirror 15a held by a mirror rotating column 17.
Shows the state (state of FIG. 1) closed in the line-of-sight direction by the returning force of the mirror return spring 18. At this time, the mirror rotation column 17 is coupled to the target direction confirmation lever 20 via the link mechanism 19, and the movable mirror 15a is fixed so as to have a predetermined angle.

When the target direction confirmation lever 20 is turned, the link mechanism 19 rotates the mirror rotation support 17 against the mirror return spring 18, and the movable mirror 15 shown in FIG. 4 (2).
It is possible to bring a into an open state (state shown in FIG. 2). When the target direction confirmation lever 20 is returned, the movable mirror 15a is closed by the return force of the mirror return spring 18.
Return to the state of FIG. 4 (1) (state shown in FIG. 1).

5 and 6 are views showing an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to the second aspect. In addition,
FIG. 5 is an example of a mechanism for setting a target azimuth angle and elevation angle in a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation. FIG. 6 (1) shows an example of a mechanism for confirming the visibility in the directions of azimuth and elevation.
(2) shows the internal visual field at that time.

The feature of this embodiment is that, instead of the above-mentioned one movable mirror 15a, a part of the fixed mirror 16a is hollowed out.
And a movable mirror 15b that opens and closes so as to fit into the hollowed-out portion. Other configurations and functions are similar to those of the above-described embodiment.

In FIG. 5, the first line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14, passes over the fixed mirror 16a, and reaches the left and right level 12. Also, the eyepiece 1
The second line-of-sight from 3 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 and the fixed mirror 16a, passes through the inside of the elevation angle gear 33, and passes through the first elevation angle level confirmation mirror 44 and the second elevation angle level confirmation mirror 4
It reflects at 5 and reaches the elevation level 35. Also, the eyepiece 1
A third line of sight from 3 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14 and the movable mirror 15b, passes through the inside of the elevation angle gear 33, is reflected by the azimuth meter confirmation mirror 46, and is reflected from the back (bottom) of the azimuth meter 40. The magnetic needle alignment mark 41 and the magnetic compass needle 42 are reached.

At this time, the fixed mirror 16a and the movable mirror 15b are flush with each other, and perform the same function as that of the movable mirror 15a in FIG. 1. Therefore, the state of the visual field when looking through the eyepiece 13 is shown in FIG. Same as (2). Therefore, the horizontal adjustment and azimuth adjustment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation are similarly performed, and the cylinder 10b can be set to the target azimuth and elevation.

In FIG. 6, the first line of sight from the eyepiece 13 to the left and right level 12 and the second line of sight from the eyepiece 13 to the elevation level 35 are the respective lines of view shown in FIG.
Is the same as. Further, by opening the movable mirror 15b, the fourth line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the line-of-sight angle mirror 14, passes through the hollowed-out portion of the fixed mirror 16a, and reaches the target direction from the tip of the cylinder 10b. At this time, the state of the visual field when looking through the eyepiece 13 is shown in FIG. 6 (2).
As shown in. That is, the images of the left and right spirit level 12 and the elevation level 35 can be seen at the same time, and the landscape (building) in the target direction can be viewed as an inverted image instead of the azimuth meter 40. Therefore, even when the movable mirror 15b is opened to confirm the line-of-sight in the target direction, the horizontal level 12 and the elevation level 3
5 can be seen by the fixed mirror 16a, and the handheld surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation can be constantly leveled.

The opening / closing mechanism for the movable mirror 15b will be described with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation as seen from above. Figure 7
(1) is a state in which the movable mirror 15b fixed to one end of the support plate 22 rotating about the shaft 21 is closed (state in FIG. 5).
Indicates. At this time, the other end of the support plate 22 has the link mechanism 19
The movable mirror 15b is fixed so that it is flush with the fixed mirror 16a by being coupled to the target direction confirmation lever 20 via.

When the target direction confirmation lever 20 is turned, the link mechanism 19 pulls the support plate 22 to rotate it, and the movable mirror 15b shown in FIG. 7 (2) can be opened (the state shown in FIG. 6). . When the target direction confirmation lever 20 is returned, the movable mirror 15b is closed by the returning force of the mirror return spring (not shown), and the state returns to the state of FIG. 7 (1) (state of FIG. 5).

With the mechanism for opening and closing the movable mirror 15b, the movable mirror 15b is opened after the orientation adjustment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation is finished, and the target elevation angle is adjusted in the same field of view while adjusting the target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment. You can check the outlook. That is, the line-of-sight can always be accurately confirmed with respect to the elevation angle. Regarding the azimuth angle, the line-of-sight confirmation can be performed with sufficient accuracy without fixing to a tripod.

Further, in the configuration of this embodiment, it can be used for surveying at least an unknown elevation angle. That is, the object is captured while rotating the elevation fine movement dial so that the bubbles of the elevation level 35 and the left and right level 12 are in the center. At this time, the value on the elevation scale indicated by the elevation pointer is the elevation angle of the object. In the azimuth measurement, the target direction and the azimuth meter 4 are operated by operating the target direction confirmation lever 20.
It is necessary to rotate the azimuth angle fine-tuning dial and adjust the azimuth while alternately viewing 0.

8 and 9 are views showing an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to the third aspect. In addition,
FIG. 8 is an example of a mechanism for setting a target azimuth angle and elevation angle in a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation. FIG. 9 is an example of a mechanism for confirming the line of sight in the directions of azimuth and elevation.

The structure and function of this embodiment will be described below with reference to the appearance example of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation shown in FIG. 8 to 10, the line-of-sight confirmation handheld survey instrument has a structure in which a cylinder 10c for confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction at a set elevation angle and a box 30b for accommodating an azimuth meter and an elevation level are combined. . However,
When the elevation fine movement dial 31 of the box 30b is turned, the elevation scale dial 11b with gears is interlocked via the fine elevation angle gear 32,
The cylinder 10c that is integrated with the elevation dial 11b is the box 3
It is structured to rotate in the direction of elevation (depression) inside 0b. Therefore, when the target elevation angle is adjusted to the elevation angle pointer 34, the view seen through the tube 10c is in the direction of the target elevation angle when the box 30b is made horizontal by using the left and right level 12 and the elevation level 35.

Further, the azimuth fine movement dial 36 of the box 30b
When is turned, the azimuth dial 38 with a gear is rotated via the azimuth fine movement gear 37, and the target azimuth is set to the azimuth pointer 39.
To match. The azimuth dial 38 is integrated with the azimuth meter 40, and when the azimuth magnetic needle 42 is aligned with the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 indicating 0 degree (magnetic north), the view seen through the tube 10c is the direction of the target azimuth angle. Become.

The structure of this embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in principle, and the characteristics are common, but since the cylinder 10c is put inside the box 30b, the elevation angle is increased. Another device has been devised in the mirror system for viewing the spirit level 35 and the azimuth meter 40 directly.

The internal mechanism will be described below. In FIG. 8, the first line of sight from the eyepiece 13 reaches the left and right level 12. The second line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the fixed mirror 16b and reaches the elevation level 35. A third line of sight from the eyepiece 13 is reflected by the movable mirror 15c and reaches the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 and the magnetic compass needle 42 from the back (bottom) of the azimuth meter 40.

With such a mechanism, horizontal adjustment is completed simply by aligning the bubbles of the elevation level 35 and the left and right levels 12 with the center, and the direction of the cylinder 10c can be set to the elevation angle indicated by the elevation scale 11b. it can. The azimuth meter 40
The azimuth adjustment is completed only by aligning the azimuth magnetic needle 42 with the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 of the azimuth dial 3C.
The azimuth angle shown by 8 can be set.

Next, the movable mirror 15c is opened, and the line-of-sight confirmation at its azimuth and elevation is continuously performed. Figure 9
At the first, reaching the left and right spirit level 12 from the eyepiece 13
And the second line of sight reaching the elevation level 35 from the eyepiece 13 are similar to the respective lines of sight shown in FIG. Further, by opening the movable mirror 15c, the fourth line of sight from the eyepiece 13 reaches the target direction from the tip of the tube 10 as it is.

With such a mechanism, the movable mirror 15c
The elevation level 35 can be seen by the fixed mirror 16b even when the line is open to check the line of sight in the target direction, and the line-of-sight surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation can be constantly adjusted. That is, after the orientation adjustment of the line-of-sight confirmation handheld surveying instrument is completed, the movable mirror 15c is opened, and the line-of-sight confirmation can be performed in the same field of view while setting the target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment. Therefore, the line-of-sight can always be accurately confirmed. Also, regarding the azimuth angle, the line-of-sight confirmation can be performed with sufficient accuracy without being fixed to a tripod.

Now, the opening / closing mechanism of the movable mirror 15c will be described with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation viewed from above.
When the target direction confirmation dial 25 is turned, the mirror actuating rod 26 rotates downward (depth direction in the figure) via the integrated dial mandrel. Coupled to the mirror actuation rod 26,
Movable mirror 15 which rotates around movable mirror support rod 27
The rotation of the mirror actuating rod 26 causes c to rotate downward (in the depth direction in the figure) against the mirror return spring 18 and become open (the state of FIG. 9). When the target direction confirmation dial 25 is returned, the movable mirror 15c is closed by the returning force of the mirror return spring 18, and the state shown in FIG. 8 is restored. The fixed mirror support rod 28 is loosely fitted to the movable mirror support rod 27 on the same axis, and the respective support rods move integrally to change the angles of the movable mirror 15c and the fixed mirror 16b. As described above), the structure does not interlock with the rotation of the movable mirror 15c.

Movable mirror 15c and fixed mirror 16b
The angle is adjusted so that the azimuth meter 40 and the elevation level 35 can be seen directly from the eyepiece 13 even if the tube 10c rotates in the elevation direction. Hereinafter, the angle adjusting mechanism of the movable mirror 15c and the fixed mirror 16b will be described with reference to FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 which is a side view of the inside of the sight confirmation handheld surveying instrument.

When the cylinder 10c is horizontal, the movable mirror 1
5c and the fixed mirror 16b are set at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal. Here, the elevation angle fine movement dial 31 is turned to rotate the cylinder 10c together with the elevation angle dial 11b.
The cylinder 10c faces upward as indicated by the thick line. Of the four gears, R1 is pivotally mounted on the box 30b, and R2 and R3 are cylinders 10c.
R4 rotates on the same axis as R1. Also, R
1, R2 mesh, R2, R3 are integrated,
It has a structure in which R3 and R4 mesh with each other. Therefore,
The gear R2 rotates around the gear R1 as the cylinder 10c rotates. At this time, the rotation angle of the gear R2 is half the rotation angle of the cylinder 10c by making the diameter of the gear R2 twice the diameter of the gear R1. Further, by making the gears R3 and R4 have the same diameter, the rotation angle of the gear R4 becomes half of the rotation angle of the cylinder 10c (hereinafter referred to as "half-angle rotation").

On the other hand, the movable mirror support rod 27 is axially attached to a part of the gear R4. Further, the center axis of the gear R1 penetrates the gear R4, and when the target direction confirmation dial 25 is not operated, the variable mirror elevation angle center bearing / stop 29 receives the movable mirror 15c. When the gear R4 is rotated by a half angle, the movable mirror 15c and the fixed mirror 16b supported by the movable mirror support rod 27 and the fixed mirror support rod 28 are rotated by a half angle in the line-of-sight confirmation direction about the mirror elevation angle variable center bearing / stop 29. . The movable mirror 15c in this state is shown by a thick line in FIG. Note that FIG.
The figure also shows that the movable mirror 15c opens when the target direction confirmation dial 25 is operated.

With such a mechanism, even if a predetermined elevation angle is set on the cylinder 10c, the angles of the movable mirror 15c and the fixed mirror 16b are properly adjusted, and the elevation level 35 and the azimuth meter 40 are in a horizontal position. You can try to face it.

The other end of the fixed mirror support rod 28 is held by the same gear mechanism in the configuration shown in FIG. 11 (1), but as shown in FIG. 11 (2), the movable mirror support rod 27 is held. At the same time, the gear R4 may be supported in a cantilever manner.

The functions of the gears R1 to R4 can also be realized by a pulley and a belt or a link. FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of a pulley and a belt. The pulleys P1 to P4 are gears R1 to R4, respectively.
Have the same ratio of diameters as. That is, each radius is Pr
Assuming 1 to Pr4, (Pr2 / Pr1) (Pr4 / Pr3) = 2.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the structure using links. The links L1 to L4 have the same lengths corresponding to the gears R1 to R4, respectively. That is, each length is Lr1 to Lr4
Then, (Lr2 / Lr1) (Lr4 / Lr3) = 2.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to the fourth aspect. The feature of this embodiment is that a tilt sensor 46 is used in place of the elevation level 35 and the left / right level 12 in the above-mentioned embodiment,
A magnetic sensor (for example, a fluxgate sensor) 47 is used instead of the azimuth meter 40, and horizontal adjustment and azimuth adjustment are performed using an index that is electrically displayed.

In the figure, the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation of this embodiment has a cylinder 10d for confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction at a set elevation angle, a tilt sensor 46 and a magnetic sensor 47.
This is a structure that is combined with a box 30c that stores the. However, if the elevation fine movement dial 31 of the box 30c is turned, the cylinder 10d
The structure of rotating in the elevation (depression) direction is the same as in the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the target elevation angle is set using the elevation dial 11a and the elevation pointer 34. As a result, when the box 30c is made horizontal using the tilt sensor 46, the view seen through the tube 10d is in the direction of the target elevation angle. The box 30c is provided with an azimuth angle setting dial 48.

The configuration of the present embodiment is such that the horizontal adjustment and the azimuth adjustment which are optically performed in the above-described embodiments are performed by the electrical processing. That is, the indexes 24a to 24c on the display unit 23 of the tube 10d correspond to the bubbles of the respective spirit levels 12 and 35 and the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 of the azimuth meter 40 in the above-described embodiment. The mechanism of horizontal adjustment and azimuth adjustment performed by electrical processing will be described below with reference to the circuit configuration example shown in FIG.

In FIG. 16, the signal processing unit includes a voltage / frequency converter 50 for converting a voltage corresponding to the azimuth angle set in the azimuth angle setting dial 48 into a frequency, and a magnetic north output from this pulse and the magnetic sensor 47. Calculation circuit 51 for obtaining a frequency difference from a pulse having a period proportional to the angle of the angle, the index 24a corresponding to the output of the calculation circuit 51, and the inclination sensor 4
The display circuit 52 for displaying the indexes 24b and 24c corresponding to the voltage output in proportion to the elevation angle of 6 and the left and right inclination angles on the display unit 23.

The index 24a indicates a deviation between the azimuth angle set by the azimuth angle setting dial 48 and the azimuth angle detected by the magnetic sensor 47. Accordingly, when the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation is horizontally rotated to align the index 24a with the center, the view seen through the tube 10d becomes the direction of the target azimuth angle.
This azimuth adjustment is similar to the operation of aligning the azimuth magnetic needle 42 with the magnetic needle alignment mark 41 in the above-described embodiment.

If the counter 53 for counting the output frequency of the magnetic sensor 47 is arranged and the counter output (current azimuth angle) is displayed on the display unit 23 as a numerical value, the direction of the target azimuth angle can be easily found. You can Further, this configuration can also measure an unknown azimuth angle.

The index 24b indicates the tilt angle in the elevation direction detected by the tilt sensor 46. Therefore, when the index 24b is aligned with the center, the line-of-sight confirmation hand-held survey instrument becomes horizontal in the elevation direction. Further, the index 24c is the tilt sensor 4
6 shows a tilt angle in the left-right direction detected by 6. Therefore,
When the index 24c is aligned with the center, the line-of-sight confirmation hand-held survey instrument becomes horizontal in the left-right direction. These two indicators 24
When b and 24c are aligned in the center respectively, the cylinder 10d
The view seen through is the direction of the target elevation angle. This horizontal adjustment is similar to the operation of centering the bubbles of the elevation level 35 and the left and right level 12 in the above-described embodiment.

A potentiometer 54 for outputting a voltage corresponding to the elevation angle of the cylinder 10d (elevation scale 11a), a voltage adder 55 for adding this voltage and a voltage proportional to the inclination angle of the inclination sensor 46 in the elevation direction. If a voltage / frequency converter 56 for converting the added voltage to a frequency and a counter 57 for counting the frequency are arranged and the counter output (current elevation angle) is numerically displayed on the display unit 23, unknown elevation angle measurement can also be performed. It can be carried out.

In all of the embodiments described above, if the eyepiece portion 13 is a peephole formed by a pinhole, the entire field of view is in focus and the surveying instrument can be made compact and lightweight.

[0073]

As described above, in the line-of-sight confirmation handheld surveying instrument according to the first to third aspects of the present invention, the azimuth meter and the level can be viewed in the same field of view as the target direction. Therefore, if this surveying instrument is made horizontal with the bubble of the level bubble in the center, a preset elevation angle (depression angle) in the target direction can be given to the tube without taking the eyes off the eyepiece. In addition, by changing the direction of the body while holding the surveying instrument and pointing the azimuth compass needle of the azimuth meter to magnetic north, it is possible to give the azimuth of the preset target direction to the tube without taking your eyes off the eyepiece. it can. Furthermore, if the movable mirror is opened in that state, the target direction is in the same field of view, so that the line-of-sight confirmation of the target direction can be performed without taking the eye from the eyepiece.

In this way, since a series of operations can be performed without taking the eye from the eyepiece, it is possible to confirm the sight line in the target direction with sufficient accuracy without fixing the surveying instrument to the tripod (even if it is held by hand). It can be performed. That is, simply by adjusting the azimuth with the azimuth meter and leveling with the level, the azimuth and elevation (depression) of the preset target direction are set.
Therefore, sufficient accuracy can be achieved with a simple operation. In addition, the azimuth meter and level are always kept horizontal, and you can always look directly at them regardless of the size of the elevation angle (depression angle), so the elevation angle (depression angle) measurement limit can be eliminated. .

The hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to a fourth aspect of the present invention performs the above-described azimuth adjustment and horizontal adjustment using an electrical index, and can obtain the same effect. Since the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to any one of claims 2 to 4 has a structure in which the spirit level (index of the tilt sensor) can be always viewed in the same field of view as the target direction, line-of-sight confirmation and horizontal adjustment (elevation angle). Setting) can be performed at the same time, and the accuracy in the elevation direction can be improved. Further, claim 4
Since the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation described in (4) has a structure in which the index of the magnetic sensor can always be viewed in the same field of view as the target direction, line-of-sight confirmation and azimuth adjustment can be performed simultaneously, and the accuracy in the azimuth direction can be improved. Can be increased.

The hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation of the present invention is suitable for line-of-sight confirmation with a large elevation angle, for example, line-of-sight confirmation in the direction of geostationary satellites. In such line-of-sight confirmation, it is sufficient to confirm whether or not there is an obstacle in the target direction. Therefore, if this surveying instrument can confirm sufficient outlook,
Precise surveying using a conventional tripod is not necessary, and significant labor savings can be achieved. However, if it is known that there is an obstacle in the target direction, and if hand-held surveying using this surveying instrument reveals or obscures due to shaking of the body etc., precise surveying using a conventional surveying instrument is only possible in such cases. Is sufficient.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 1.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an external appearance of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 1.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an opening / closing mechanism of a movable mirror 15a.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 2;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 2;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an opening / closing mechanism of a movable mirror 15b.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 3;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 3;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an external appearance of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 4;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an opening / closing mechanism of a movable mirror 15c.

FIG. 12 is a view showing an example of an angle adjusting mechanism for a movable mirror 15c and a fixed mirror 16b.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pulley and a belt.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a link.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 4;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of the line-of-sight confirmation handheld surveying instrument according to claim 4;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a surveying method using a pocket compass.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a surveying method using a hand level meter.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a surveying method using a hand-held azimuth scope.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d Cylinders 11a, 11b Elevation graduation plate 12 Left and right level 13 Eyepiece 14 Gaze angle mirrors 15a, 15b, 15c Movable mirrors 16a, 16b Fixed mirror 17 Mirror rotation column 18 Mirror return spring 19 Link mechanism 20 Target direction confirmation lever 21 Shaft 22 Support plate 23 Display section 24a, 24b, 24c Index 25 Target direction confirmation dial 26 Dial mandrel 27 Mirror actuating rod 28 Movable mirror support rod 29 Mirror elevation angle variable center bearing / stop 30a, 30b, 30c Box 31 Fine elevation dial 32 Fine elevation gear 33 Elevation gear 34 Elevation pointer 35 Elevation level 36 36 Azimuth fine adjustment dial 37 Azimuth fine movement gear 38 Azimuth scale 39 Azimuth indicator 40 Azimuth meter 41 Magnetic needle alignment mark 42 Azimuth needle 43 First Elevation level Confirmation mirror 44 Second elevation angle level confirmation mirror 45 Azimuth meter confirmation mirror 46 Inclination sensor 47 Magnetic sensor 48 Azimuth angle setting dial 50 Voltage / frequency converter 51 Arithmetic circuit 52 Display circuit

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A box in which an azimuth meter and an elevation level are housed, and a mirror is arranged at a position where a line of sight entering from the side window is directly opposed to the azimuth level and the elevation level, and a center of the side window of the box. A movable mirror, which is coupled to the box through a rotation mechanism that rotates the shaft, reflects a sight line of sight in a target direction in the direction of the lateral window to directly face the azimuth meter and the elevation level, and a left and right level. With the cylinder in which the and the movable mirror are closed, the target azimuth angle is set by the azimuth adjustment by the azimuth meter, and the elevation angle set in the cylinder by the rotation mechanism is set to the elevation level and Set the target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment with the left and right level,
A hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation, which further comprises a movable mirror opening / closing mechanism for opening the movable mirror and confirming the line-of-sight in the target direction. 2. The hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation according to claim 1, wherein, instead of the movable mirror that is opened and closed as a whole, a fixed mirror that is partially hollowed out and a movable mirror that is opened and closed so as to fit into the hollowed-out portion. A hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation, comprising: a fixed mirror, which allows the elevation level to be directly faced at all times, and the azimuth meter or the line-of-sight in the target direction to be switched by opening and closing the movable mirror. 3. A cylindrical box containing an azimuth meter and an elevation level, a movable mirror for reflecting a line-of-sight line of sight in a target direction to directly face the azimuth level, and the elevation level directly facing each other. A fixed mirror to be viewed and a left and right spirit level are arranged, and a cylinder for setting an elevation angle set by a rotation mechanism that is coupled to the box to a target elevation angle by horizontal adjustment by the elevation level meter and the left and right spirit level; With the mirror closed, the target azimuth angle is set by adjusting the azimuth with the azimuth meter, and then the movable mirror is opened to check the line of sight in the target direction. A hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation, comprising: an angle adjusting mechanism for changing the angles of the movable mirror and the fixed mirror set at the time of 1) by a half angle of the elevation angle set in the cylinder. 4. A box accommodating a magnetic sensor and an inclination sensor, a tube connected to the box via a rotation mechanism that rotates beside the box, and confirming the line of sight in a target direction at a set elevation angle, Arithmetic processing means for calculating an azimuth angle error between the azimuth angle information detected by the magnetic sensor and the target azimuth angle, and an inclination error with respect to the horizontal direction detected by the inclination sensor; and A hand-held surveying instrument for line-of-sight confirmation, comprising display means for displaying an angular error and an inclination error.