JPH06299569A - Dredging method and dredger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance workability and safety of work. CONSTITUTION:A dredging hole 4 is formed so as to vertically pass through a plane of projection of a barge 1 and a dredging bucket 2 is lowered to the bottom of the water from the hole 4 to scoop up matters to be dredged. Therafter the bucket 2 is lifted up to a level higher than the hole 4 and then horizontally moved to above a delivery stage 5 provided on the barge 1. And thereafter the dredged matters are dropped into the stage 5 from the bucket 2 and then dropped onto an earth carrier 3 through a chute 7 extending from the stage 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dredging method and a dredger, and more particularly to a dredging method and a dredger capable of improving workability and work safety.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a dredging method using a dredging bucket, the dredging bucket is hung by a rope at the tip of a swinging crane equipped on the dredger, and the dredging bucket is opened and dropped to the outer bottom of the ship. Then, close the dredging bucket, scoop up the mud on the bottom of the water, lift it to a predetermined height above the water, rotate the crane and move the dredging bucket onto the earth carrier that is laid side by side with the dredger.
The dredging bucket is opened and the dredged material is being dropped on the earth carrier.

After the dredged material is dropped on the earth carrier, the crane is returned to lower the dredging bucket at a position slightly different from the previous position, and the dredging is performed at that position. In addition, there is no place to stock dredged material other than the dredging bucket after loading of the dredged material on one earth carrier until the next earth carrier is lined up, so the dredging work is suspended. To be done.

[0004]

By the way, the weight acting on the crane is different when the dredging bucket is lowered to the bottom of the water and when the dredging bucket in which the dredged material is scooped up is lifted. To do.

Further, when the dredged material is dropped on the earth carrier, it is extremely difficult to adjust the amount of the dredged material dropped by the opening degree of the dredging bucket, and the dredging material has a high fluidity because it contains water. A large amount of objects fall from the dredging bucket to the earth carrier within a short time, and the reaction causes the barge to roll, and the dredging of the dredged material also causes the earth carrier to roll.

The rolls and pitches of the pontoons and earth-moving ships are not preferable in order to enhance the safety of the work of the workers on the ship, and it is desirable to prevent them from occurring as much as possible. Further, in the above-mentioned conventional dredging method, a crane operation is required to control the position of the dredging bucket three-dimensionally, and the crane is swung to suspend the dredging bucket at a predetermined position. It takes time to position
It is disadvantageous in improving workability.

Further, the swing crane is expensive, which is disadvantageous in reducing the ship price. The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide a dredging method and a dredging ship capable of improving safety and workability.

[0008]

A dredging method of the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, in which a barge 1 suspends a dredging bucket 2 so that the dredging bucket 2 can be lifted up and down over a water bottom and a predetermined height above the water.
On the premise of the dredging method of scooping the mud on the bottom of the water with the dredging bucket 2 and dropping it on the earth carrier 3, in order to achieve the above object, the barge 1 is provided with a dredging hole 4 vertically penetrating within the plane projection thereof. The dredging bucket 2 is formed from this dredging hole 4 to the bottom of the water to save the dredged material, and then the dredging bucket 2 is lifted higher than the dredging hole 4 and then the discharge stage 5 provided on the carrier 1 is installed. After traversing to the upper side, and further thereafter, the dredged material is dropped from the dredging bucket 2 onto the discharge stage 5, and the earth carrier 3 is transferred via the chute 6 extended from the discharge stage 5.
It is characterized by dropping to.

Further, the dredger of the present invention is a dredger including a pontoon 1 and a dredging bucket 2 which can be lifted and lowered so as to carry out the dredging method of the present invention. Above the dredging hole 4, the dredging hole 4 that vertically penetrates the pontoon 1 in a plane projection, the discharge stage 5 that receives the dredged material dropped from the dredging bucket 2 on the ship, and the dredging bucket 2 are suspended. And a traverse device 6 that reciprocates between the discharge stage 5 and above the discharge stage 5, and a chute 7 that guides the dredged material from the discharge stage 5 to the earth carrier 3 that is laterally attached to the carrier 1.

[0010]

[Operation] In the present invention, since the traversing device 6 supports the dredging bucket 2 so as to be able to move up and down, the traversing device 6 positions the dredging bucket 2 above the dredging hole 4, and after opening the dredging bucket 2. By lowering the dredging bucket 2, the dredging bucket 2 can be lowered from the dredging hole 4 to the water bottom, and further, by closing the dredging bucket 2 at the water bottom, mud on the water bottom can be scooped out.

Here, since the dredging hole 4 penetrates vertically in the plane projection of the barge 1, the weight change of the dredging bucket 2 received by the barge 1 depending on the presence or absence of the dredging material affects the outside of the barge 1. The weight of the crane is smaller than that in the case where the tip of the beam of the crane is applied, and the roll of the barge 1 is reduced.

Further, in the present invention, particularly when the dredging hole 4 is arranged at the central portion of the pontoon 1, it is possible to prevent the pontoon 1 from being rotated due to the weight of the dredging bucket 2 and the dredged material.

After scooping off the mud at the bottom of the water with the dredging bucket 2, the dredging bucket is lifted above the dredging hole 4, and then the traversing device 6 is traversed to position the dredging bucket 2 above the discharge stage 5. When the dredging bucket 2 is opened, the dredged material can be dropped on the discharge stage 5.

Since the discharge stage 5 is provided on the berth 1, dropping the dredged material from the dredging bucket 2 to the discharge stage 5 does not substantially change the load state of the berth 1. , There is no possibility that the barge 1 will sway due to the recoil of the dropping of the dredged material from the dredging bucket 2.

The two-dimensional position control of the dredging bucket 2 can be performed separately by raising and lowering in the dredging hole 4 and traversing above the dredging hole 4 and above the discharge stage 5.
The position control is simpler and shorter than the swing crane that requires dimensional position control.

Further, since the dredged material is dropped from the discharge stage 5 to the earth carrier 3 via the chute 7, the flow rate of the chute 7 is controlled by controlling the opening of a shutter provided at the exit of the discharge stage 5, for example. By controlling the, it is possible to easily control the dropping speed of the dredged material to the earth carrier 3, and to slow the speed of dropping the dredged material to the earth carrier 3 to reduce the shaking of the earth carrier 3. .

Further, since the dredged material can be stored in the discharge stage on the pontoon 1, the dredging work can be shortened by carrying out the dredging work while the earth carrier 3 is reconnected.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following is a detailed description of a dredger according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

As shown in the plan view of FIG. 1, a dredger according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a maintenance deck 8 at the center of a berth 1, three dredging holes 4 arranged on each side of the maintenance deck 8, and a discharge stage. 5 and the cylinder chamber 9.

Further, as shown in the front view of FIG. 2, this dredger is provided with three dredge buckets 2, one of which is stored in the maintenance deck 8 as a spare part. On the deck of the barge 1, each dredging bucket 2 is hung up and down so that the traverse device 6 traverses in the longitudinal direction of the barge 1, that is, in the direction in which the maintenance deck 8, the dredging holes 4, and the discharge stage 5 are arranged. Is provided.

The traversing device 6 may be constructed so that each dredging bucket 2 can be lifted and lowered so as to traverse in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon 1. The traversing device of this embodiment is a club trolley 61. And a rail 62 that supports this.

An elevating and lowering drive device 11 for elevating and lowering one dredging bucket 2 has four support ropes 12 each having one end connected to the dredging bucket 2, four support winches 13 for winding these, and a cylinder chamber. 9, a fixed pulley 14 of four wheels rotatably supported on the upper part of 9, and each club trolley 61
And a four-wheel moving pulley 15 rotatably supported on the.

The support ropes 12 of which the front side and the friend side are paired are drawn into the different cylinder chambers 9, respectively, and the support ropes 12 of one cylinder chamber 9 are wound around the support winch 13 and, at the same time, the other cylinders are wound. By feeding out the support rope 12 of the chamber 9 at the same speed, the club trolley 61 and the dredging bucket 2 can be moved to one cylinder chamber 9 side while keeping the height of the dredging bucket 2 constant.

Also, the support ropes 1 for both cylinder chambers 9
When 2 are wound at the same time, the dredging bucket 2 can be lifted while the club trolley 61 is kept at a fixed position, and when the support ropes 12 of both cylinder chambers 9 are simultaneously fed out, the club trolley 61 is moved to a fixed position. It is possible to lower the dredging bucket 2 while keeping the position.

In addition, in this dredger, each dredging bucket 2
2 sets of lifting drive devices 8 are mounted so that they can be operated independently of each other. The opening and closing drive device 16 for opening and closing each dredging bucket 2 includes two opening and closing ropes 17,
As shown in the side views of FIGS. 3 and 4, four open / close winches 18 for winding the ends of the open / close ropes 17, fixed pulleys 19 of four wheels rotatably supported on the upper portion of the cylinder chamber 9. , A four-wheel movable pulley 20 rotatably supported by each club trolley 61, a guide pulley 22 rotatably supported by a base frame 21 of each dredge bucket 2, and a lift frame 23 of each dredge bucket 2. And a lift pulley 24 supported freely.

Each open / close rope 17 has a fixed pulley 19 and a movable pulley 2 in order from the open / close winch 18 of one cylinder chamber 9.
0, the guide pulley 22, and the guide pulley 22, the movable pulley 20, and the fixed pulley 1 on the opposite side.
After passing through 9, it is wound up on the open / close winch 18 of the other cylinder chamber 9.

Therefore, if both opening / closing winches 18 are stopped, the dredging bucket 2 is not opened / closed even if the club trolley 61 is moved, but when the dredging bucket 2 is raised / lowered, one or both of the support winches 13 is synchronized. If the opening / closing winch 18 is not operated, the dredging bucket 2 will be opened / closed.

In this embodiment, both support winches 13 are
Both open and close winches 1 when the support rope 12 is wound up
8 also winds the opening / closing rope 17 at the same time as the supporting rope 12, and when both the supporting winches 13 feed out the supporting rope 12, both opening / closing winches 18 simultaneously feed out the opening / closing rope 17 by the same amount as the supporting rope 12.
The dredging bucket 2 is not opened or closed.

When the dredging bucket 2 does not move up and down, one or both of the opening and closing winches 18 are operated to open and close the dredging bucket 2 regardless of the position of the club trolley 61.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 4, the discharge stage 5 is provided with a hopper 25 for receiving the dredged material dropped from the dredging bucket 2. At the bottom of the hopper 25, a fixed bottom plate 26 bent in a mountain shape and a movable bottom plate 27 that rotates above the fixed bottom plate 26 are provided.

The movable bottom plate 27 is fixed to the fixed bottom plate 26 on the side opposite to the front side (or friend side) where the earth carrier 3 is anchored.
By locating it in the same position as
The dredged material dropped on the hopper 25 is guided to the front side (or friend side) where the earth carrier 3 is anchored.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a shutter 28 is provided at the outlet of the hopper 25, and the discharge speed of the dredged material from the discharge stage 5 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the shutter 28. I am able to do it.

Covers 29 are provided on both outer sides of the hopper 25 to prevent the dredged material discharged from the outlet from scattering. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, chutes 7 are provided on both outer sides of each discharge stage 5 to guide the dredged material discharged from its outlet to the earth carrier 3.

The chute 7 is formed in the shape of a square gutter, is rotatably supported by the pontoon 1 via a thrust bearing 30, and is movably supported by the pontoon 1 via a clevis joint 31. The inclination angle of the suspension rope 32 can be adjusted by adjusting the feeding length.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pedestal 1 is provided with a pedestal 33 that receives the tip of each chute 7 when the chutes 7 are stored on the pedestal 1. Next, a dredging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is carried out using this dredger, will be specifically described based on the drawings.

After anchoring the dredger at a predetermined position on the dredging site or fixing the dredging ship by erecting studs, the dredging work is carried out. Here, the procedure and load variation of the dredging work will be described with reference to the load variation characteristic diagram of FIG. 5, taking the case of using one dredging bucket 2 as an example.

In the initial state "a", the dredging bucket 2 is opened, and it is made to stand by above the dredging hole 4 and is started to drop the opened dredging bucket 2 into the water through any one of the dredging holes 4. .

At the time of start-up b, the load temporarily increases in order to overcome the starting resistance, but when the dredging bucket 2 starts to descend, the load sharply decreases, and during the descending c, the dredging bucket 2
The load becomes negative due to the weight of, and the load becomes 0 when stationary.

The time required for the dredge bucket 2 to descend depends on the water depth. After this, the dredging bucket 2 is closed to scoop up the mud on the bottom of the water, but at the time of this closing, the load becomes positive, and when the closing is completed, the load becomes 0 again.

After the dredging bucket 2 is closed, the dredging bucket 2 is pulled up from the dredging hole 4 onto the ship.
Has a large positive load on it, and the load becomes 0 when the pulling is finished.

The time required to pull up the dredging bucket 2 also differs depending on the water depth. Although the load condition of the pontoon 1 changes when scooping the dredged material, the weight of the dredging bucket 2 received by the pedestal 1 depending on the presence / absence of the dredged material because the dredging hole 4 penetrates vertically in the plane projection of the pedestal 1. The influence of the change is smaller than that in the case where the weight acts on the tip of the beam of the crane projecting to the outside of the carrier 1, and the roll of the carrier 1 is reduced.

In particular, in this embodiment, the dredging holes 4 are
Since it is formed in the central part of the ship, there is no risk of rolls around the axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the barge 1, and
The roll around the axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pontoon 1 can also be kept small.

After that, the dredging bucket 2 is made to traverse from above the dredging hole 4 to above the discharge stage 5. At the time of this traverse f, a positive load is applied again, and when traverse ends, the load returns to 0 again. .

At this time as well, the load condition of the pontoon 1 changes, but since the dredging bucket 2 moves in the central portion of the pontoon 2, the roll centering on the axis parallel to the moving direction is used. Is not generated, and the moving direction is set parallel to the longitudinal direction of the pedestal 2, so that the roll centering on the axis perpendicular to the moving direction can be suppressed to a small value by the buoyancy of the pedestal 2. .

Then, by opening the dredging bucket 2 traversing above the discharging stage 5, the dredged material is dropped from the dredging bucket 2 to the hopper 25 of the discharging stage 5. When the dredging bucket 2 is opened on the discharge stage 5, the load becomes temporarily positive because there is a starting resistance at the beginning of opening, but since the weight below the lifting frame 23 of the dredging bucket 2 acts, the load is short. The load will return to 0 when the opening is completed.

Thereafter, in order to return the dredging bucket 2 to the position above the dredging hole 4, the dredging bucket 2 is traversed, but this traverse time h is applied with a positive load as in the traverse f to the discharge stage 5. , The load returns to 0 at the same time when the traverse ends. However, since there is no dredged material at the time of this traverse i, the starting resistance can be small and the load can be reduced within a short time.

In this way, one cycle of dredging work is completed, but since this dredging ship is equipped with two dredging buckets 2, it is also possible to simultaneously lower two dredging buckets 2 to the bottom of the water for simultaneous dredging. is there.

In this case, however, a large amount of power is required at the same time, which is disadvantageous. Therefore, in this embodiment, the dredging work of the two dredging buckets 2 is, for example, about 1
By setting the time difference of / 3 cycle and lowering the dredging bucket 2 to the bottom of the water in sequence, compared to the case where only one dredging bucket 2 shown by the broken line or the one-dot chain line in FIG. In addition, the total load is reduced by overlapping the time when the load of one dredging bucket 2 becomes positive and the time when the load of the other dredging bucket 2 becomes negative.

Since the dredged material from the discharge stage 5 can be stored in the discharge stage 5 in addition to the dredged bucket 2 to some extent, the discharge time can be set separately from the dredging work. .

When the dredged material is discharged from the discharge stage 5, a shutter 28 is provided at the exit of the hopper 25, and the opening degree of the shutter 28 is adjusted.
It is possible to drop the dredged material on the earth carrier 3 while adjusting the discharge speed from the dredged material discharge stage 5.

Therefore, it is possible to suppress the load fluctuation due to the dropping of the dredged material, to reduce the roll of the dredger due to this load fluctuation, and to reduce the load fluctuation of the earth carrier 3 due to the dropping of the dredged material. , Earth carrier 3
The roll of can be kept small.

In addition, from both discharge stages 5 to the earth carrier 3
In parallel with this, dredged material can be dropped, and the work time for loading work on the earth carrier 3 can be shortened. Furthermore, the earth carrier 3
Since the dredged material can be stored in the discharge stage 5 even during the reconnection, the dredging work need not be interrupted, and the dredging work period can be shortened by continuing the dredging work.

The present invention can be applied to the case of performing dredging using a large number of dredging buckets 2 of three or more. For example, when three dredging buckets 2 are used,
As indicated by the solid line in the load variation characteristic diagram of FIG. 6, by shifting the dredging work of each dredging bucket 2 by 1/3 cycle,
The total load can be reduced by utilizing the weight of the dredging bucket 2 and the dredged material.

In FIG. 6, the broken line, the one-dot chain line and the two-dot chain line show the load fluctuation characteristics of each dredging bucket.

[0055]

As described above, according to the present invention, the dredging bucket is moved up and down within the plane projection of the pontoon to perform the dredging work, and the dredged material is scooped up to pull up the dredging bucket. Since the dredged material is dropped on the discharge stage and dropped onto the earth carrier via the chute from the discharge stage, the dredged bucket is lifted up and down, the dredged material is scooped on the dredged bucket, and the dredged material is dredged. The influence of the load fluctuation of the dredger accompanying the dropping of the material on the soil carrier is reduced, and the roll due to the load fluctuation can be reduced to improve the safety of the work.

Further, since the dredged material is dropped from the discharge stage to the earth carrier via the chute, the dropping speed of the dredged material can be slowed down, and the load fluctuation of the dredge ship and the earth carrier can be moderated. As a result, it is possible to reduce the roll of the dredging ship and the earth carrying ship, and to improve the work safety.

Further, according to the present invention, the position control of the dredging bucket is two-dimensional position control, and since the lifting control and the traverse control are separately performed, the swing crane requiring the three-dimensional position control is provided. It is easier and
The position of the dredging bucket can be controlled in a short time, and the working time can be shortened and the workability can be improved.

Furthermore, since the dredged material can be stored in the discharge stage 5, the dredging work can be continued even during the reconnection of the earth carrier, which can shorten the construction period of the dredging work.

In the present invention, particularly when the dredging hole is arranged at the center of the ship, the roll of the dredging ship can be minimized, the work safety can be further enhanced, and the dredged material can be further improved. Compared with the case where the weight of the above acts as an eccentric load, it is not necessary to provide a counter weight corresponding to the eccentric load, and the ship can be downsized,
Can be cheap.

Further, in the present invention, particularly when the dredging bucket is traversed in the longitudinal direction of the ship, the roll of the ship due to the load movement on the ship can be suppressed small,
Work safety can be further enhanced.

Further, in the present invention, in particular, when a plurality of dredging buckets are provided on the barge and the dredging buckets are alternately dropped to the water bottom to perform dredging, the weight of the dredging bucket or the weight of the dredged material together therewith Therefore, when the load becomes negative, the other dredge buckets are raised or traversed at the same time, so that the total load can be reduced, which is advantageous in saving energy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of an essential part of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a load fluctuation characteristic diagram showing fluctuations in total load according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a load fluctuation characteristic diagram showing fluctuations in total load according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ship 2 dredging bucket 3 soil carrier 4 dredging hole 5 discharge stage 6 traverse device 7 chute

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A barge (1) suspends a dredging bucket (2) so that it can be raised and lowered between the bottom of the water and a predetermined height above the water, and scoops mud on the bottom of the water with the dredging bucket (2) to carry an earth carrier ( In the dredging method of dropping on 3), the barge (1) has a dredging hole that penetrates vertically in the plane projection of the ship.
(4) is formed, the dredging bucket (2) is lowered from the dredging hole (4) to the bottom of the water to scoop up the dredged material, and then the dredging bucket (2) is lifted higher than the dredging hole (4). Kara barge
(1) Traverse above the discharge stage (5) provided above,
Furthermore, after this, the dredged material is dropped from the dredging bucket (2) to the discharge stage (5) and dropped onto the earth carrier (3) via the chute (7) extended from the discharge stage (5). Characteristic dredging method. 2. The dredging method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of dredging buckets (2) are used and the dredging buckets (2) are sequentially and alternately dropped to the water bottom to perform dredging. 3. A dredger comprising a barge (1) and a dredging bucket (2) suspended on the barge so that the barge (1) is within the plane projection of the barge (1). The dredging hole (4) that penetrates up and down, the discharge stage (5) that receives the dredged material dropped from the dredging bucket (2) on the berth (1), and the dredging bucket (2) are suspended, and the dredging is carried out. The traversing device (6) that reciprocates between the upper part of the hole (4) and the upper part of the discharge stage (5) and the dredging on the earth carrier (3) horizontally attached to the barge (1) from the discharge stage (5). A dredger, characterized in that it comprises a chute (7) for guiding objects. 4. The dredger according to claim 3, wherein the dredging hole (4) is arranged at the center of the ship (1). 5. Dredger according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the traversing device (6) runs in the longitudinal direction of the pier (1). 6. A plurality of traversing devices (6) and a dredge bucket
The dredger according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein (2) is provided.