JPH06261776A - Production of indigo by enzymic method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently obtain indigo according to an enzymic method by prewashing a microbial cell which belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and has the ability to produce the indigo with an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride and then reacting the resultant washed microbial cell or its treated substance with an aqueous solution containing indole. CONSTITUTION:A microbial cell which belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and has the ability to produce indigo [e.g. Pseudomonas sp. MY-6 strain (FERM P-11963)] is inoculated into a culture medium and cultured at 30 deg.C for 24hr by shaking and the resultant culture solution is then centrifuged to collect the microorganism. The collected microbial cell thereof is then washed by performing the operation to suspend the microbial cell in an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride, centrifuge the suspension and collect the microbial cell. The microbial or its treated substance is subsequently suspended in an aqueous solution containing indole, placed in a ventilating stirrer and made to react at 30 deg.C for 48hr. Thereby, the indigo useful as an industrial dye can efficiently be obtained from the indole in high yield by using the enzymic method.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing indigo from indole by an enzymatic method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, indigo is produced by a chemical synthesis method and is widely used as an industrial dye. However, the chemical synthesis method has drawbacks in that the reaction is multistage and the yield is poor, and there are many by-products due to chemical decomposition. In addition, as a promising method among various methods for producing indigo, a method of producing from indole using a microorganism containing xylene oxygenase or naphthalene oxygenase as an enzyme catalyst is known {Burt D. Ensley , Barry J. Ratzkin, Thimthy D. O
sslund and Mary J. Simon; Science, vol.222, p167-1
69 (1983)}. However, a practical manufacturing technique has not been established yet, and development of a method for efficiently manufacturing indigo is desired.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to produce indigo efficiently and in high yield by an enzymatic method.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of extensive studies on reaction conditions, etc., in order to establish a method for producing indigo by an enzymatic method using a bacterium having indigo-forming ability or a treated product thereof, the present inventors have By previously washing the cells with a sodium chloride-containing aqueous solution, the permeability of the cells was improved, and it was found that indigo can be efficiently produced,
The present invention has been completed.

In the present invention, a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and having the ability to generate indigo is used, and a Pseudomonas sp. MY-6 strain is particularly preferably used. The mycological properties and taxonomic properties of this strain are shown in JP-A-4-287690. This strain was sent to the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
Deposited as 963 (FERM P-11963).

As a carbon source of a medium used for culturing microorganisms, carbohydrates such as glucose, aromatic compounds such as xylene and toluene, and organic acids such as fumaric acid can be used. Among them, m-xylene and p-xylene are available. , Fumaric acid,
Succinic acid and citric acid are preferably used.

As the nitrogen source, ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate; nitrates such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate; ammonia and the like can be used.

As the inorganic substance, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, iron, manganese, zinc, copper or the like can be used. If necessary, nutritional sources such as vitamins, amino acids or yeast extract and peptone can be added.

The culture temperature is 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 30.
-40 ° C, and the pH of the medium in culture is 6-9, preferably 7-8. Culture is performed aerobically.

When the cultured bacterial cells are used in the present enzymatic reaction, the bacterial cells are washed with an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride before use. Sodium chloride concentration for cleaning is 0.2 to 20
%, Preferably 0.5 to 10%. The washed bacterial cells can be used as they are, or the bacterial cells can be immobilized if necessary before use.

To react the microbial cell or a treated product thereof with indole, for example, in the same manner as in a usual enzymatic reaction, for example, 0.1
M phosphate buffer (pH 6-9) or aqueous solution (pH 6-
In 9), the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 40 ° C. for usually 10 to 72 hours. The reaction is preferably carried out with stirring.

The amount of the bacterial cells or the treated product thereof added to the reaction solution is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.
5-10% (wt / vol) is used. After the reaction, indigo can be separated and purified from the reaction solution by a method known per se, for example, a method such as solvent (chloroform) extraction.

[0013]

【Example】

Reference Example _{(NH 4) 2 SO 4:} 3g, KH 2 PO 4: 0.5g, K
_{2 HPO 4: 0.5g, MgSO 4} · 7H 2 O: 0.5
_{g, NaCl: 0.5g, FeSO 4} · 7H 2 O: 10m
g, CaCl ₂ .2H ₂ O: 10 mg, yeast extract 1 g, and distilled water: 1000 ml (pH 7.0)
Aliquots were dispensed into a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes, 0.3 ml of m-xylene was added, and Pseudomonas sp. MY-6 strain was inoculated at 24 ° C. at 30 ° C.
The culture was shaken for an hour.

1000 ml of the same medium as described above was placed in a 5 liter Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes, 3 ml of m-xylene was added, and 20 ml of the shaking culture solution was inoculated. Was shaken at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. 1000 ml of the obtained culture solution was centrifuged (8
The collected cells were collected at 000 rpm, 15 minutes, 4 ° C.) and subjected to pretreatment as follows.

Example (Washing operation) The collected bacterial cells were suspended in 50 ml each of sodium chloride-containing water shown in Table 1, centrifuged under the same conditions as above, and again 50 ml each of sodium chloride-containing water having the concentration shown in Table 1. And suspended in a similar manner and centrifuged. 1000 ml of the reaction solution (indole 2 mM, 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0)
After suspending in, place in a 3-liter aeration stirrer,
The reaction was carried out at 48 ° C for 48 hours. On the way, 2 mM of indole was added 24 hours later.

The amount of indigo produced was measured by the conventional method [H. Keil,
CM Saint and PA Williams, Journal of Bacteri
ology, 169, No. 2, p764-770 (1987)].
As a control, the results were compared between a system in which the cells were directly subjected to the reaction without being washed after the culture was collected and a system in which the cells were similarly washed with distilled water. The results are shown in Table 1 as relative values with the experimental system not washed as 100.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

According to the method of the present invention, the enzymatic method is used.
Indigo can be produced from indole efficiently and in high yield.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hisashi Yamagake Tamiya-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki Land readjustment 48 Block 2-Fujiheim 2-102 (72) Inventor Masato Terazawa 1-11 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 5-401 (72) Inventor Hideaki Yukawa 6-23-9 Chuo, Ami Town, Inashiki District, Ibaraki Prefecture

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for enzymatically producing indigo by allowing a bacterial cell belonging to the genus Pseudomonas having the ability to produce indigo or a treated product thereof to act on an aqueous solution containing indole to produce indigo beforehand. A method for producing indigo by an enzymatic method, which comprises washing with an aqueous solution containing water.