JPH06250091A - Microscope for surgery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a microscope for surgery which hardly causes the deterioration of an observed image and which is provided with the sufficient moving amount of an objective lens. CONSTITUTION:An observation optical system is provided with the objective lens 12, a variable power optical system 14, an image forming lens 16 and an eyepiece 18. Besides, it is provided with a pair of observing optical paths in order to obtain a stereoscopic image. The optical system 14, the lens 16 and the eyepiece 18 are respectively paired in the vertical direction of a paper surface, housed and fixed inside a fixed mirror body 46. On the other hand, an illumination optical system is provided with a light source unit 20, a light guide 38, an illumination lens system 40, an illumination prism 42 and the objective lens 12. The lens 12, the lens system 40 and the prism 42 are housed and fixed inside a moving mirror body 44. The mirror body 44 is movably provided with respect to the mirror body 46 so that the lens 12 can be moved along the optical axis (a) of the observing optical path.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a surgical microscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a surgical microscope has an observation optical system for magnifying and observing a surgical site and an illumination optical system for illuminating the surgical site. The general structure is shown in FIG. The observation optical system includes an objective lens 212, a variable power optical system 214, an imaging lens 216, and an eyepiece lens 218. This observation optical system has a pair of observation optical paths for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and the variable power optical system 214, the imaging lens 216, and the eyepiece lens 218 are paired in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. On the other hand, the illumination optical system has a light source unit 220 including an illumination light source 222 and a condenser lens 224, a light guide 226, an illumination lens system 228, an illumination prism 230 for deflecting illumination light from the illumination lens system 228, and an objective lens 212. ing. Variable magnification optical system 214, imaging lens 2
16, the eyepiece lens 218, the illumination lens system 228, and the illumination prism 230 are housed and fixed inside the mirror body 232, and the objective lens 212 is attached to the mirror body 232 so as to be movable along the optical axis a of the observation optical system. Has been. To accurately illuminate the surgical site at the focal position f of the observation optical system,
The optical axis g of the illumination optical system after the illumination prism 230 is preferably closer to the optical axis a of the observation optical system, and therefore the illumination prism 230 is arranged closer to the observation optical system.

The illumination light emitted from the light source 222 enters the light guide 226 via the condenser lens 224, and the light emitted from the light guide 226 passes through the illumination lens system 228 and enters the illumination prism 230. The light incident on the illumination prism 230 is reflected there toward the objective lens 212. The light that has passed through the objective lens 212 is condensed at the focal position f of the observation optical system and illuminates the surgical site. The light from the operation portion (focal position f) enters the objective lens 212 to become a parallel light flux, and after passing through the variable power optical system 214, the imaging lens 2
The image is formed by 16 and is observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 218.

The adjustment of the focal point position f of the observation optical system, that is, the operation of focusing on the surgical site is performed by moving the objective lens 212 along the optical axis a of the observation optical system. As a surgical microscope that focuses on the surgical site with a different method,
There is one that moves the entire mirror body along the optical axis of the observation optical system, but it has not been used recently because the mechanism for supporting the entire mirror body becomes large.

[0005]

In the surgical microscope having the configuration shown in FIG. 7, when the objective lens 212 is moved from the solid line position to the broken line position in order to change the focus position,
As shown in FIG. 8, the light reflected by the surfaces 212a and 212b of the objective lens 212 (shown by the broken lines) is likely to enter the variable power optical system 214, resulting in deterioration of the observed image. In order to avoid such deterioration, the movement amount of the objective lens 212 is limited. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that a sufficient amount of movement cannot be obtained as compared with the case where the entire mirror body is moved in the optical axis direction of the observation optical system. An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical microscope in which an observed image is less deteriorated and an objective lens movement amount is sufficient.

[0006]

The present invention is a surgical microscope having an observation optical system and an illumination optical system, wherein the observation optical system and the illumination optical system are movable along an optical axis of the observation optical system. In the surgical microscope, the illumination optical system has an introduction optical element for introducing the illumination light from the light source into the objective lens, and the relative introduction of the introduction optical element regardless of the movement of the objective lens. It is characterized in that it is provided so that the position does not change.

[0007]

In the present invention, the introducing optical element of the illumination optical system such as the prism and the objective lens are provided so as to move together while maintaining a constant relative positional relationship. As a result, the relative positional relationship between the two is maintained unchanged regardless of the movement of the objective lens. Therefore, the light reflected on the surface of the objective lens and entering the observation optical system does not increase in accordance with the amount of movement of the objective lens. With the optimum design, it is possible to make the reflected light on the surface of the objective lens hardly enter the observation optical system. Therefore, a sufficient amount of movement of the objective lens can be obtained without deteriorating the observed image.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the surgical microscope of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the observation optical system includes the objective lens 1
2, variable power optical system 14, imaging lens 16, eyepiece lens 18
have. This observation optical system has a pair of observation optical paths for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and the variable power optical system 14, the imaging lens 16 and the eyepiece lens 18 are paired in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. On the other hand, the illumination optical system has a light source unit 20, a light guide 38, an illumination lens system 40, an illumination prism 42, and an objective lens 12. The variable power optical system 14, the imaging lens 16, and the eyepiece lens 18 are housed and fixed inside a fixed mirror body 46. Also, the objective lens 1
2, the illumination lens system 40, and the illumination prism 42 are the movable mirror body 4
It is accommodated and fixed in the interior of the No. 4. The movable mirror body 44 is movably provided with respect to the fixed mirror body 46 so that the objective lens 12 can move along the optical axis a of the observation optical system. The light source unit 20 includes two illumination lamps 22 and 2
4 and a condenser lens system 30 for making the light from the illumination lamps 22 and 24 incident on the light guide 38. The condensing lens system 30 includes two condensing lenses 32 and 34 that convert the light from the illumination lamps 22 and 24 into parallel light beams, and the parallel light beams from the respective lenses 32 and 34 into an incident end of the light guide 38. It is composed of one lens 36 which is deflected toward. Further, the light source unit 20 has optical sensors 26 and 28 for detecting lighting / extinction of the respective lighting lamps 22 and 24.

The illumination light emitted from the light source unit 20 enters the illumination lens system 40 through the light guide 38, is reflected by the illumination prism 42, is deflected by the objective lens 12, and is the focal point position f of the observation optical system. It is focused on and illuminates the surgical site. The light from the surgical site enters the objective lens 12, passes through the variable power optical system 14 and enters the imaging lens 16 to be imaged, and the image is observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 18. Focusing of the observation optical system is performed by moving the movable mirror body 44 with respect to the fixed mirror body 46. Since both the objective lens 12 and the illumination prism 42 are fixed to the movable mirror body 44, the positional relationship between them is not changed by this movement. That is, regardless of the amount of movement of the objective lens 12, the state in which the reflected light from the surface of the objective lens 12 does not enter the observation optical system is maintained. Therefore,
There is no restriction on the amount of movement of the objective lens 12 required to prevent deterioration of the observed image, and a sufficient amount of movement can be obtained.

Now, a method of controlling the light source unit 20 will be described with reference to FIG. The illumination lamps 22 and 24 are connected to a power supply 48 via voltage selectors 50 and 52, respectively. The voltage selectors 50 and 52 select a rated voltage or a voltage at which the brightness of the lighting lamps 22 and 24 is half that at the rated voltage in accordance with a signal from the control circuit 56, and the voltages are respectively set to the lighting lamps 22 and 24.
Supply to.

In normal use, the voltage selectors 50 and 52 select a voltage at which the brightness of the illuminating lamps 22 and 24 is half that at the rated voltage and supply the voltage to the illuminating lamps 22 and 24. To do.

When one of the illumination lamps 22 and 24, for example, the illumination lamp 22 is burnt out, the detection circuit 54 detects from the output of the optical sensor 26 that the illumination lamp 22 is off and responds accordingly. The signal is output to the control circuit 56. The control circuit 56 outputs a signal for selecting the rated voltage to the voltage selector 52 and also outputs a signal for displaying on the display device 58 that the lighting lamp 22 has burned out.
With this, the rated voltage is supplied to the lighting lamp 24,
The brightness of the illumination light is maintained at the previous brightness even when the lighting lamp 22 is burned out. Display 5
Detecting the lamp out of the lighting lamp 22 from the display of 8,
The illumination lamp 22 is replaced.

After replacement of the illumination lamp 22, the detection circuit 54
However, when it detects that both the illumination lamps 22 and 24 are turned on based on the outputs of the optical sensors 26 and 28, it outputs a signal corresponding to this to the control circuit 56. Control circuit 5
6 is for the voltage selectors 50 and 52, and for the illumination lamps 22 and 2
4 outputs a signal for selecting the voltage at which the brightness of 4 becomes half of the rated voltage, and the voltage selectors 50 and 52 supply the voltage to the illumination lamps 22 and 24. The lighting lamp 2
The same applies when 4 is cut.

In the conventional light source unit, when the illumination lamp burns out, the operation cannot be performed while the lamp is being replaced. However, according to the above configuration, even if one of the illumination lamps burns out, the brightness is constant. The illumination light is supplied, and surgery can be performed while changing the lamp. In the embodiment, the voltage is supplied so that the illumination lamps 22 and 24 have the same brightness, but the voltage is applied to the illumination lamps 22 and 24 in order to prevent the illumination lamps 22 and 24 from being cut off at the same time. The ratio of the applied voltage may be changed appropriately.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the observation optical system has an objective lens system 60, a variable power optical system 70, an imaging lens 72, and an eyepiece lens 74. Variable magnification optical system 70, imaging lens 72, and eyepiece lens 74
Are housed and fixed inside the fixed mirror body 68 in pairs in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing to obtain a stereoscopic image.
The objective lens system 60 includes a second objective lens 62 fixed to a fixed mirror body 68 and a first objective lens 64 fixed to a movable mirror body 66 movable in the optical axis direction with respect to the fixed mirror body 68. Have In this objective lens system 60, the distance between the first objective lens 64 and the second objective lens 62 can be changed, so that the focal length can be changed.

On the other hand, the illumination optical system includes a light source unit 84,
It has a light guide 82, an illumination lens system 76, and a first objective lens 64. The illumination lens system 76 is a fixed mirror body 68.
And a tip lens 78 fixed to the movable mirror body 66. Fixed lens system 7
The light flux between the front lens 7 and the tip lens 78 is, for example, an afocal light flux, and is configured so that the illumination light quality is not affected even if the distance between them changes. The light source unit 84 includes two lamp units 90 and 100, optical sensors 110 and 112 that detect whether each of the lamp units 90 and 100 is turned on and off, and two light units, a light guide 82 and light from the lamp units 90 and 100. It has condensing lenses 86 and 88 which respectively enter the input ends.
The lamp unit 90 includes an illumination lamp 92 and a spare lamp 94, a rotary table 96 to which they are attached, and a rotary table 96.
It has a motor 98 for rotating the. Similarly, the lamp unit 100 has an illuminating lamp 102, a spare lamp 104, a rotary table 106 to which these are attached, and a motor 108 for rotating the rotary table 106.

The illumination light emitted from the light source unit 84 enters the illumination lens system 76 through the light guide 82, is deflected by the first objective lens 64, and is condensed at the focal position f of the observation optical system. Illuminate the surgical site. The light from the surgical site enters the objective lens system 60 (first objective lens 64 and second objective lens 62), passes through the variable power optical system 70, and is imaged by the imaging lens 72. To be observed. Focusing of the observation optical system is performed by moving the movable mirror body 66 with respect to the fixed mirror body 68 along the optical axis.

As described above, since the first objective lens 64 and the tip lens 78 are both fixed to the moving mirror body 66, the positional relationship between the two is kept unchanged, and the first objective lens 6
The reflected light from the surface of No. 4 is maintained in a state where it does not enter the observation optical system. Therefore, the first objective lens 64 can be moved sufficiently without deteriorating the observed image. Subsequently, referring to FIG. 4, the light source unit 84
The control of will be described. In the figure, the same members as those of FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In a normal use state, the voltage selectors 50 and 52 select a voltage at which the brightness of the illuminating lamps 92 and 102 is half that at the rated voltage and supply the voltage to the illuminating lamps 92 and 102. To do.

One illumination lamp 92 (or 102)
When the light is cut off, the detection circuit 54 outputs the light from the light sensor 110 (or 112) to the illumination lamp 92 (or 10).
It is detected that 2) is off, and a signal corresponding to this is output to the control circuit 56. The control circuit 56 outputs a signal for selecting the rated voltage to the voltage selector 52 (or 50). As a result, the rated voltage is supplied to the illumination lamp 102 (or 92), and the illumination light output from the light source unit 84 is maintained at the brightness before the illumination lamp 92 (or 102) is cut off. At the same time, the control circuit 56 outputs a drive signal to the motor drive circuit 114 (or 116). The motor drive circuit 114 (or 116) receives the drive signal and drives the motor 98 (or 108) to rotate the turntable 96 (or 106) to rotate the illumination lamp 92 (or 102) to the auxiliary lamp 94 (or 1).
04).

After switching the illumination lamp, the detection circuit 54
From the outputs of the optical sensors 110 and 112, the lamp unit 9
When it is detected that both 0 and 100 are lit, a signal corresponding to this is output to the control circuit 56, and the control circuit 56 informs the voltage selectors 50 and 52 that the brightness of the illumination lamp is half of the rated voltage. Output a signal to select the voltage.

According to this structure, when the illuminating lamp is burnt out, it is automatically switched to the spare lamp, and the illumination light is maintained at a constant brightness. As a result, surgery can be performed without bothering the operator.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the observation optical system has an objective lens 122, a variable power optical system 124, an imaging lens 126, and an eyepiece lens 128. This observation optical system has a pair of observation optical paths for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and the variable magnification optical system 124, the imaging lens 126, and the eyepiece lens 128 are paired in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the fixed mirror. It is fixed inside the body 132. The objective lens 122 is
It is fixed to a movable mirror body 130 that is movable in the optical axis direction with respect to the fixed mirror body 132.

On the other hand, the illumination optical system includes a light guide 134 for guiding illumination light from a light source (not shown) and an illumination lens system 13.
6, prism 138 for deflecting illumination light, objective lens 12
Have two. The prism 138 includes the illumination lens system 13
6 has a bottom reflecting surface 138a for reflecting the incident light from No. 6 and a semi-reflecting semi-transmissive surface 138b for reflecting half of the reflected light from the bottom reflecting surface 138a and transmitting half thereof. The illumination lens system 136 is arranged in a positional relationship in which the chief ray of the illumination light reflected by the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b coincides with the optical axis a of the observation optical system. In addition, the side surface 138c of the prism 138
A light absorbing member 140 is provided in the. The illumination lens system 136 and the prism 138 are housed and fixed inside the movable mirror body 130, and the output end of the light guide 134 for guiding the illumination light to the illumination lens system 136 has a movable mirror body 13.
It is attached to 0.

Illumination light from a light source (not shown) is guided to an illumination lens system 136 via a light guide 134, passes through the illumination lens system 136, enters a prism 138, and is reflected by a bottom reflecting surface 138a. It Bottom reflective surface 13
The illumination light reflected by 8a is incident on the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b, half of which is reflected and incident on the objective lens 122, is condensed at the focal position f of the observation optical system, and illuminates the surgical site. The light from the operation portion (focal position f) enters the objective lens 122, becomes a parallel light flux, passes through the prism 138, passes through the variable power optical system 124, and then is imaged by the imaging lens 126, and its image is formed. It is observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 128.

The semi-reflective semi-transmissive surface 1 of the prism 138
The illumination light that has passed through 38 b passes through the upper surface 13 of the prism 138.
After being reflected by 8d, it is reflected again by the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b, enters the light absorber 140, and is partially absorbed. The light transmitted through the light absorber 140 is the inner surface 1 of the movable mirror body 130.
The light is reflected by 30a and again enters the light absorber 140, where part of the light is absorbed. Further, the light transmitted through the light absorber 140 is reflected by the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b, and then exits from the prism upper surface 138d. The light emitted from the prism upper surface 138d is the variable power optical system 1 when the prism 138 is very close to the fixed mirror body 132 as shown in FIG.
Although it may be incident on 24, since it has passed through the light absorber 140 twice, it is very weak and does not affect optical observation.

According to the present embodiment, since the prism 138 and the objective lens 122 are fixed inside the movable mirror body 130, the observation image is not deteriorated by the movement of the objective lens 122. A sufficient amount of movement can be obtained.

By the way, as a surgical microscope which solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional example by a method different from the present invention, FIG.
There is a configuration shown in. 9, the same members as those in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In this device, a half mirror 234 is arranged between the variable power optical system 214 and the objective lens 212 at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical system, and the illumination optical system 228 is arranged in the light guide 2.
The illumination light emitted from 26 is converted into a parallel light flux and emitted toward the half mirror 234. The illumination light reflected by the half mirror 234 enters the objective lens 212 and is focused on the focal position f of the observation optical system, that is, the surgical site. The illumination light that has passed through the half mirror 234 is reflected in a direction in which it does not return to the half mirror 234 by the inclined surface 236 provided inside the mirror body 232. In this configuration, the half mirror 234 is used as an optical element that deflects the illumination light, and the half mirror 234 must be tilted by 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis a of the observation optical system. Is an obstacle to miniaturization in the optical axis direction.

In the surgical microscope of the third embodiment described above, the prism 138 is used as the optical element for deflecting the illumination light, so that the apparatus is made more compact as compared with the microscope shown in FIG. There is an advantage that you can.

[0030]

According to the present invention, since the observation image is not deteriorated by the movement of the objective lens, a surgical microscope having a sufficient amount of movement of the objective lens can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a surgical microscope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining control of a light source unit in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the surgical microscope of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram for explaining control of the light source unit in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a third embodiment of the surgical microscope of the present invention.

6 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of the prism in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional surgical microscope.

8 is an enlarged view showing a circle C in FIG. 7. FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a surgical microscope in which a conventional drawback is solved by a method different from that of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

12 ... Objective lens, 20 ... Light source unit, 42 ... Illumination prism.

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 10, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0026

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The semi-reflective semi-transmissive surface 1 of the prism 138
The illumination light that has passed through 38 b passes through the upper surface 13 of the prism 138.
After being reflected by 8d, it is reflected again by the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b, enters the light absorber 140, and is partially absorbed. The light transmitted through the light absorber 140 is the inner surface 1 of the movable mirror body 130.
The light is reflected by 30a and again enters the light absorber 140, where part of the light is absorbed. Further, the light transmitted through the light absorber 140 is reflected by the semi-reflective / semi-transmissive surface 138b, and then exits from the prism upper surface 138d. Light emitted from the prism top 138d is variable magnification optical system in a state where the prism 138 as shown in FIG. 6 are very close to the fixed mirror 132 1
Although it may be incident on 24, since it has passed through the light absorber 140 twice, it is very weak and does not affect optical observation.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A surgical microscope including an observation optical system and an illumination optical system, wherein the observation optical system and the illumination optical system share an objective lens movable along an optical axis of the observation optical system. The illumination optical system is a surgical microscope that has an introducing optical element for introducing the illumination light from the light source into the objective lens, and the relative position of the introducing optical element does not change regardless of the movement of the objective lens. A surgical microscope characterized in that it is provided as follows.