JPH06200264A - Gasoline composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a gasoline compsn. which has a low rate of fuel consumption and gives a high horsepower. CONSTITUTION:This gasoline compsn. contains 50-100vol.% at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of 4-12C olefinic hydrocarbon, a diolefinic hydrocarbon, an acetylenic hydrocarbon, an olefin-acetylenic hydrocarbon, and a diolefin-acetylenic hydrocarbon.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gasoline composition for a high-speed 4-cycle engine represented by an engine for automobile races and rallies, and a gasoline composition for a high-speed 2-cycle engine represented by an engine for motorcycles and jet skis. . More specifically, olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons,
The present invention also relates to a gasoline composition having a large calorific value, which contains 50 to 100% by volume of one or more selected from the group of diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As the performance of high-speed engines such as high-speed four-cycle engines typified by automobile racing and rally engines and high-speed two-cycle engines typified by motorcycles and jet ski engines increases, Improving the performance of gasoline compositions as fuels has also become a major issue.

Conventionally, for such a high-speed engine, 30 aromatic hydrocarbons found in commercially available MGP (conventional fuel) and some special fuels (such as SAE890877) are used.
%, A fuel containing 5 to 50% by volume of a polycyclic compound (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-155494) has been proposed. All of these gasoline compositions have a relatively high density and are relatively excellent in fuel consumption per unit volume, but they are heavy in fuel weight, and are also advantageous in terms of intake air transportability and combustibility. Hard to say.

In addition, strict standards are set for the specifications of machines for engine systems of competitive automobiles or motorcycles. Therefore, in the race of automobiles or two-wheeled vehicles within the range of specified machine specifications, the selection of the fuel is extremely important in order to maximize the performance of the engine. The use of nitrogen compounds and additives that enhance the output is also strictly regulated.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Generally, the relationship between the fuel density and the power output is as follows:
It has been considered that the increase of the density contributes to the improvement of the output, because the value of the air-fuel ratio becomes small and the concentration of the fuel in the air-fuel mixture shifts to the high concentration side. However, since the fuel with a high density has a slow vaporization rate, the required amount of fuel does not enter the combustion chamber, which dilutes the fuel concentration in the air-fuel mixture and deteriorates the distribution between the cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine. It is easy to invite. As a result, it has not been possible to satisfy the demands for the engine to exhibit its full performance and to constantly output high power.

Since the above-mentioned conventional fuel generally has a high density, the weight of the fuel is heavy, and as described above, it is difficult to say that it is advantageous in terms of the intake air transportability. Also in terms of flammability, aromatic hydrocarbons are flammable,
Since the ignitability is relatively low, it is difficult for a high-speed engine to completely burn, and it is difficult to sufficiently exhibit engine performance. Further, in terms of the amount of heat generation, these fuels have a large amount of heat generation per volume, but the amount of heat generation per weight becomes small due to the large density.

Therefore, even if the air-fuel ratio (weight ratio) which determines the injection amount of the engine is compared with the air-fuel ratio having the same air-fuel ratio, the heat generation amount of the air-fuel mixture becomes small.

The present invention solves these problems, and provides a gasoline composition having a large calorific value, a higher output, and an improved fuel consumption rate.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive studies for solving the above problems, the present inventors have found that olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons and acetylene hydrocarbons. 50 to 10 selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons, and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons.
It was found that the inclusion of 0% by volume makes it possible to provide a gasoline composition having a large calorific value, a higher output, and an improved fuel consumption rate, and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is selected from the group consisting of olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons, and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons. One selected from the group of selected olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons, and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons Alternatively, the present invention provides a gasoline composition containing 50 to 100% by volume of two or more kinds. Hydrocarbons having less than 4 carbon atoms generally have a low boiling point and may cause a vapor lock phenomenon in the fuel system.
On the other hand, for hydrocarbons exceeding 1,
Vaporization and combustibility deteriorate, and it is difficult for complete combustion in a high-speed engine.

The components of the gasoline composition of the present invention are olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefins.
As acetylene-based hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons selected from the group of diolefin-acetylene-based hydrocarbons, butene, pentene, hexene, monoolefins such as heptene, butadiene, pentadiene, diolefins such as hexadiene, further Examples thereof include acetylene-based hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene-based hydrocarbons, diolefin-acetylene-based hydrocarbons, and the like, in which a part of them is a triple bond. Moreover, you may use what mixed these hydrocarbons, and the petroleum fraction which mixed these hydrocarbons.

The gasoline composition of the present invention preferably has a density in the range of 0.68 to 0.75 g / cm ³ . The density is a value measured by the method defined in JIS K 2249 "Crude oil and petroleum product density test method and density-mass-volume conversion table". When the density of the gasoline composition of the present invention is less than 0.68, the fuel consumption becomes too large, and when it exceeds 0.75, the density becomes too large and the above-mentioned problems occur.

The distillation end point of the gasoline composition of the present invention is 18
It is preferably 0 ° C. or less. The distillation properties of the gasoline composition of the present invention include those having a boiling point in the range of 25 to 65 ° C in an amount of 25% by volume or more, those having a boiling point in the range of 80 to 120 ° C in an amount of 15% by volume or more, and The total number of hydrocarbons having two boiling points (including oxygen-containing hydrocarbons) is 60
Those containing more than the capacity% are preferable. The term "distillation" as used herein means a value measured by the method defined in "Fuel oil distillation test method" of JIS K 2254. If the distillation end point of the gasoline composition of the present invention exceeds 180 ° C., the components having poor combustibility increase and the output particularly in a high rotation range decreases.

The gasoline composition of the present invention may contain 0 to 50% by volume of a C _{1 to} C ₈ oxygen-containing compound.
Examples of the oxygen-containing compound include alcohols and ethers.

The gasoline composition of the present invention may contain other additives commonly added to gasoline. Examples of such additives include an antioxidant, a detergent, a rust preventive, an antifreezing agent, and a metal deactivator.

The gasoline composition of the present invention comprises, as an ordinary gasoline component, olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons,
It can be produced by adding 50 to 100% by volume of one or two or more selected from the group of olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons. Furthermore, if necessary, other components may be added to produce the desired gasoline composition.

The gasoline composition of the present invention has a boiling point of 25 to
Since it contains a low boiling point component of 65 ° C and has a low distillation end point, it has excellent vaporization properties, excellent transportability to the engine, and excellent combustibility, and it is possible to obtain a high output capable of sufficiently exhibiting engine performance. it can. Further, as will be described later, the hydrocarbon contained in the gasoline composition of the present invention has a large calorific value per weight, and the gasoline composition of the present invention containing a large amount of this is a unit gas mixture calculated from theoretical air fuel consumption. The amount of heat generated per unit becomes large, and high output can be obtained.

As an example of hydrocarbons used in the gasoline composition of the present invention, an olefin was tested by comparing its calorific value with paraffin and the like, and the results shown below were obtained.

[0019]

TABLE 1 Low heating value (cal / g) (cal / g- mixture) * (Example) Paraffin (Example .n- pentane C ₅ H ₁₂₎ 10.744 701.3 olefin (eg .1- pentene C ₅ H ₁₀₎ 10.661 721.3 Aromatics (eg benzene C ₆ H ₆ ) 9.587 723.0 * Mixture is the theoretical mixture ratio.

From these results, olefin has a calorific value almost equal to that of paraffin when cal / g, but cal / g-
In the case of air-fuel mixture, it is larger than that of paraffin. Further, even when compared with aromatics, olefins show the same calorific value. The use of aromatics is not preferable because it increases the density of the gasoline composition and deteriorates the flammability. From these test results, it can be seen that the use of the hydrocarbons of the present invention is extremely advantageous as a gasoline composition having a low density and a high output.

[0021]

EXAMPLES Next, examples of the gasoline composition of the present invention will be shown, but it is clear that the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example Using a 3.0-liter engine of natural air supply type, two gasoline compositions of sample A and sample B shown in Table 2 below were tested for output and fuel consumption. It was Sample A is a gasoline composition mainly containing paraffin and aromatics (an example of a fuel for a conventional high speed engine), and sample B is a gasoline composition of the present invention mainly containing olefin and diolefin. For reference, typical properties of conventional fuel (MGP) are listed.

[0023]

[Table 2] Sample A Sample B MGP density (g / cm ³ 15 ℃) 0.717 0.703 0.742 Octane number (RON) 99.5 98.9 99.7 (MON) 93.4 86.1 87.1 Aromatics content (VOL.%) 12.0 5 38.0 Olefin content ( VOL.%) 3.0 50.0 20.8 Diolefin content (VOL.%) 40.0 Paraffin content (VOL.%) 85.0 5 41.2 The improvement ratio of the output of sample B to sample A at various engine speeds is shown in Figure 1. Further, FIG. 2 shows the improvement rate of fuel consumption of Sample B with respect to Sample A, respectively.

As a result, the gasoline composition of the present invention, Sample B, had a maximum output increase of 4.2% (average 3.5%) and a maximum fuel consumption of 4.8% (average 3%). The fuel consumption rate was improved by 0.5%), and olefins,
It was found that the gasoline composition of the present invention containing a diolefin as the main component is excellent in both output and fuel consumption.

A similar performance test was conducted on MGP. As a result, MGP has a relatively higher density than Sample A and a high aromatic hydrocarbon content, but exhibits the same performance as Sample A because of the high olefin content.

[0026]

From the group of olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons, and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons of the present invention. A gasoline composition containing 50 to 100% by volume of one or more selected types has a remarkable effect that fuel consumption is low and high output is exhibited as compared with conventional gasoline.
It is particularly useful as a gasoline composition for high speed competition.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the improvement rate of the output of sample B with respect to sample A at various rotational speeds. From this, it can be seen that the output is increasing over the entire number of rotations. In particular, due to the increase of olefins, high rotation range (8000 ~
The effect is remarkable at 8500 rpm.

FIG. 2 shows the improvement rate of fuel consumption of sample B with respect to sample A at various rotational speeds. From this, it can be seen that the fuel efficiency is improved over the entire rotation speed range.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A selected from the group consisting of olefin hydrocarbons having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, diolefin hydrocarbons, acetylene hydrocarbons, olefin-acetylene hydrocarbons, and diolefin-acetylene hydrocarbons. A gasoline composition containing 50 to 100% by volume of one kind or two or more kinds.