JPH0619519A - Machine tool machining plural kind of works - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To shorten the time of the machining of plural kind of works fitted to a palette by eliminating misoperation, easily modifying a program even when the works, etc., are changed, and optimizing processes. CONSTITUTION:The machining center type machine tool 20 which machines plural kind of works is controlled by a numerical controller 10, etc. The numerical controller 10 automatically inputs various data on the fitting of the works to specific positions corresponding to the palette and whether or not machining is performed by a specific tool, so there is no misoperation. Programs are constituted as a total program, microprograms, etc., work by work; and their contents are easy to understand and the generation is easy, so the programs are easily modified. Further, automatic modification of the machining order such as the work-by-work incorporation of the programs in the process order and advanced machining by the same tool is performed to optimize the processes, so the machining time is shortened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool for mounting a plurality of types of workpieces on one pallet and machining the workpiece.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are cases where a plurality of types of workpieces are attached to one pallet and the workpieces for each pallet are machined by a machine tool. In this case, the operator turns on / off an external switch corresponding to the presence / absence of machining of each workpiece on the pallet to set the valid / invalid of the workpiece machining. And
The execution of the program was controlled by interlocking the set ON / OFF of the external switch with the block skip function of the NC device. The block skip function is a program skip function capable of ignoring the block in the program corresponding to the external switch number and moving to the next block when the external switch is ON, / 1, / 2 ，
/ 3, ... And optimization of the process according to the tool for multiple types of workpieces (a process of collectively processing the parts that can be processed by the same tool for multiple types of workpieces, and exchanging with the next tool at the end of processing) To minimize the machining time), as shown in FIG. 7, each tool No. T for each workpiece A No. 1, A No. 2, ..., B No. 2 ,.
A machining program corresponding to the machining process No. _1, No. T _2, ... Is extracted and a process program for each tool is created.

[0003]

However, if there are a plurality of types of workpieces attached to one pallet, the number of machining effective / ineffective changeover switches to be set corresponding to those workpieces will increase, resulting in a setting error. Is likely to occur. In addition, since the block skip function is required for each block, the number of patterns determined by a plurality of types of pallets and a plurality of types of workpieces is too large to support. Furthermore, in order to optimize the process, it is necessary to create a program for each tool rather than for each workpiece as described above, so it is difficult to create a program. There was a problem that it would have to be recreated.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to eliminate a manual external switch or the like when processing a plurality of types of workpieces mounted on a pallet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool that can eliminate work mistakes, can easily change a program when a workpiece or the like is changed, and can optimize a process and shorten a machining time.

[0005]

The structure of the invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a machine tool for machining a plurality of types of workpieces mounted on one pallet, and the workpiece at a predetermined position corresponding to the pallet. Data acquisition command means for instructing to acquire various data such as whether or not mounting of the tool and presence / absence of machining in a predetermined tool, and various data acquired by the data acquisition command means and pallet surface / workpiece
If the processing determination means for determining whether or not the data indicating the presence or absence of a process and the like and the data captured by the data capture command means by the processing determination means match, the next block is executed, If not, a block determining means for executing another block is provided.

[0006]

The data fetching commanding device issues a command to fetch various data such as whether or not the work piece is mounted at a predetermined position corresponding to the pallet and whether or not the predetermined tool is machined. Next, the various data and the pallet surface / workpiece /
It is determined whether or not there is a match with data representing the presence or absence of a process or the like. Then, if the block determination means matches the data captured by the data capture command means by the processing determination means, the next block is executed, and if not, another block is executed. As described above, various data of the workpieces arranged on the pallet are captured, and it is determined whether the data and the data indicating the presence or absence of the workpiece match. Then, based on the determination, the next block or another block is executed. That is, the presence or absence of pallet surfaces, workpieces, processes, etc. is determined from the captured data, and predetermined blocks of the program are sequentially executed to optimize the process according to the tool for multiple types of workpieces. become.

[0007]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below based on specific examples. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a numerical control device. The numerical control device 10 includes a servo motor drive circuit DUX,
DUY, DUZ, and sequence controller 11 are connected via an interface (not shown). On the other hand, 20 is a machining center type machine tool for machining a plurality of types of workpieces according to the present invention. The machine tool 20 is controlled by the numerical controller 10 having the above-described configuration, and a plurality of types of workpieces are attached by the rotation of the servomotors 21, 22, 23 driven by the servomotor drive circuits DUX, DUY, DUZ, respectively. The relative position between the table 25 that supports the pallet P and the spindle head 24 that hangs the spindle 26 driven by the spindle motor SM is three-dimensionally changed. Further, 27 is a tool magazine for holding a plurality of types of tools, and the tool index No. T _1, No. T _2, ... 2 is mounted on the spindle 26 and is mounted on the pallet P as shown in FIG. 2 ANo.1, ANo.2, ANo.3, ANo.4, B
Processing of No. 1, B No. 2, ... Is performed.

The sequence controller 11 is also connected to a computer 12 and a spindle motor drive circuit 15 for controlling the rotation speed of the spindle motor SM. The computer 12 is mainly a microprocessor (hereinafter, M
PU (Micro Processing Unit) 12a, clock signal generation circuit 12b, ROM 12c, RAM 12d,
Fixed disk 12e, interfaces 12f, 12g,
12h, a keyboard 13 and a CRT display device 14 are connected to the interface 12h.

The RAM 12d of the computer 12 is shown in FIG.
O1 (entire program) shown in FIG. 4 and O10 (workpiece A No. 1 process No. 1 machining program) shown in FIG. 4 are stored. Machine tool 2 prior to processing
After the touch sensor (not shown) is attached to the spindle 26 of 0, M
As the processing procedure of the PU 12a, O1 (entire program) of FIG. 3 is executed. First, the check program that achieves the data acquisition command means is executed. This check program will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
As the block to be read,

## EQU1 ## G301 [F _i ] * X * Y * Z; G301 [W _j ] * X * Y * Z; G301 [A _k ] * X * Y * Z; and F _i is the pallet surface to be checked. I indicates that
No., W _j indicates the workpiece to be checked, j is its No.,
A _k indicates a check process, and k indicates the No., X, Y,
Z represents the coordinates of the measurement point for data acquisition.

As an example, the work piece AN on the pallet surface No. 1
In the case of checking the existence of the process No. 1 of o.1, the specific command words are set and described below. First, the step
At 100, it is checked whether or not the work piece is mounted on the pallet surface No.1. As a concrete command word,

[Equation 2] G301 [F ₁ ] * 20 * 150 * 200; etc., and the touch sensor is positioned at a measurement point (X = 20, Y = 150, Z = 200) which is a predetermined position of the pallet P.
A bolt for recognition is attached to this measurement point,
The touch sensor is turned on / off depending on whether or not there is a bolt at the bolt mounting position. Next, the routine proceeds to step 102, where it is judged whether or not data is taken in according to whether or not the output of the touch sensor at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) is ON. In step 102, a signal is output from the touch sensor and it is determined that the data has been taken in, and the process proceeds to step 104. In step 104, F ₁ is set to "1" because there is surface mounting at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time. Here, if there is no data acquisition in step 102, the process proceeds to step 106, and F ₁ is set to “0” because there is no surface attachment at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time.

Next, the presence or absence of the work A No. 1 on the pallet surface No. 1 is checked. As a concrete command word,

[Formula 3] G301 [W ₁ ] * 100 * 150 * 200; etc., the flowchart of FIG. 5 is executed again, and in step 100, the touch sensor is the workpiece AN of the pallet P.
It is positioned at the measurement point (X = 100, Y = 150, Z = 200) which is the position of o.1. By this positioning, the touch sensor is brought into contact with the work A No. 1 and turned on / off. Next, the routine proceeds to step 102, where it is judged whether or not data is taken in according to whether or not the output of the touch sensor at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) is ON. In step 102, a signal is output from the touch sensor, and it is determined that the data is captured.
S becomes, and the process proceeds to step 104. In step 104, W ₁ is set to "1" because the workpiece A No. ₁ is present at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time. Here, if there is no data acquisition in step 102, step 10
Move to 6 and work piece AN at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time
o. Set W ₁ to “0”, assuming no.

Next, the presence or absence of the process No. 1 of the work A No. 1 on the pallet surface No. 1 is checked. As a concrete command word,

[Equation 4] G301 [A ₁ ] * 120 * 180 * 200; etc., and the flowchart of FIG. 5 is executed again, and in step 100, the touch sensor is the workpiece AN of the pallet P.
Measurement point (X = 12), which is the position for performing process No. 1 of o.1.
It is positioned at 0, Y = 180, Z = 200). This is to confirm whether or not the pretreatment necessary for performing the process No. 1 of the work A No. 1 (for example, prepared hole processing for performing reaming processing) has been performed. Next, the routine proceeds to step 102, where it is judged whether or not data is taken in according to whether or not the output of the touch sensor at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) is ON. In step 102, a signal is output from the touch sensor and it is determined that the data has been taken in, and the process proceeds to step 104. In step 104, A ₁ is set to "1" at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time as the process No. 1 is present. Here, if there is no data acquisition in the above step 102, the process proceeds to step 106, and A ₁ is set to “0” as no process No. 1 at the measurement point (X, Y, Z) at this time. .

In this way, by executing a plurality of G301 command words, data acquisition at required measurement points set in advance is executed one after another. The contact position of the touch sensor for determining the presence / absence of the work A No. 1 and the process No. 1 described above may be determined by the contact of the touch sensor as to whether or not a dedicated bolt is attached as in the case of the pallet surface attachment determination. . As a result, all variables F _i , F _i * W _j , F _i * W _j
* To A _k "1" or "0" is set. As described above, the touch sensor is positioned at the data acquisition measurement point in order from the higher measurement point, that is, after determining the attachment of the workpiece on the pallet surface, the process of the workpiece is determined. Data acquisition is executed. Therefore, the touch sensor is sequentially positioned in the order of pallet surface → workpiece → process, and if data is not captured at the higher measurement points, the positioning at the following measurement points is ignored.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the blocks to be read are:

[Equation 5] 100 G304 * T ₁ * B; The touch sensor is removed from the spindle 26 of the machine tool 20, and the tool No. T ₁ is attached to the spindle 26. Here, B is a program counter, which indicates a storage address of an instruction word to be read next. Next, in the macro program read by the G302 command word, the data determination program that achieves the processing determination unit and the block determination unit is executed based on the data obtained by the above-described check program.

When the command word G302 is read, the data judgment program shown in FIG. 6 is executed. Similar to the check program described above, F _i indicates the pallet surface and i
Is the No., W _j is the workpiece, j is the No., A _k is the process, k is the No., and B is the block skip designation. In step 200, it is determined whether or not surface mounting is performed on each pallet surface F _i acquired by the above-mentioned check program. If F _i = 1 in step 200, there is surface mounting on the pallet surface F _i , and step 20
Move to 2. In step 202, the presence or absence of the workpiece W _j surface-mounted on the pallet surface F _i or the command word G302 is set to W.
_It is determined whether or not _j is included. Step 202
If W _j = 1 in step _S2 , if there is a surface-mounted workpiece W _j at a predetermined position on the pallet surface F _i , or if the command G302 does not include W _j , the process proceeds to step 204. . At step 204, the presence or absence of the process A _K or the command G30 on the workpiece W _j surface-mounted on the pallet surface F _i.
Whether or not included in the A _K is determined to 2. If A _K = 1 in step 204, there is a process A _K for the workpiece W _j surface-mounted on the pallet surface F _i , and step 20
Go to 6. In step 206, the block skip designation B is set to B + 1. This block skip designation is B +
When it becomes 1, the next block is skipped. That is, the next GOT
The O instruction is skipped and the next block of the GOTO instruction is read. If the determinations at steps 200, 202 and 204 are NO, the program counter B is not changed. That is, the next read command word is stored at the next address.

As a concrete block, first,

[Equation 6] 1000 G302 F ₁ * B; is read and the surface mounting to the pallet surface No. 1 is determined. If F ₁ = 1 in the above check program,
B = B + 1 is set, so one block after another,

[Equation 7] 1100 G302 F ₁ * W ₁ * B; is read, and the presence or absence of the work A No. 1 on the pallet surface No. 1 is determined. On the other hand, when F ₁ = 0, the next GOTO
The command is read and the pallet surface is displayed by the GOTO command.
Jump to the command of the machining cycle for No.2. If F ₁ * W ₁ = 1 in block 1100 above, the next block,

[Equation 8] 1110 G302 F ₁ * W ₁ * A ₁ * B; is read and the process N of the workpiece A No. 1 on the pallet surface No. 1 is read.
The existence of o.1 is judged. If F ₁ * W ₁ * A ₁ = 1 in the above check program, pallet surface N
Since there is process No.1 of work A No.1 of o.1, one after another,
"Workpiece A No. 1 process No. 1 machining program" is read.

The "workpiece A No. 1 process No. 1 machining program" is set at O10 as shown in FIG. First,

[Equation 9] G303 T ₁ * B; is read. Here, if the tool No. currently attached to the spindle 26 and the designated tool No. T ₁ match, B
= B + 1, and blocks are read one after another. Also, the tool number currently attached to the spindle 26 and the designated tool number.
If T ₁ does not match, the next GOTO command is executed, and as a result, the “tool No. T ₁ machining program” is skipped. The tool number currently attached to the spindle 26 is T
When it is ₁ , the "tool No. T ₁ machining program", which is the next block, is read and executed. Since the following blocks are machining programs for tool No. T _2, etc., they are ignored in this case, and the process returns to O1 (entire program) in FIG.

[Equation 10] 1120 G302 F ₁ * W ₁ * A ₂ * B; etc. are read in sequence and executed in the same manner. When the machining with the tool No. T ₁ corresponding to the work A No. ₁ is completed in this way, next, the tool No. T corresponding to the work A No. 2 is completed.
Performing only the same process such as processing by ₁ ,
Other processes are ignored, and the following work pieces A No. 3, A No. 4, B No.
Machining with tool No. T ₁ is performed sequentially with 1, B No. 2, ...

Then, in O1 (entire program),

[Equation 11] 10000 G305 100;

Equation 12] 100 G304 * T ₁ * B; back, since the tool No.T ₁ is attached to the current main shaft 26, skip to No. 300 block,

[Equation 13] 300 G304 T ₁ * T ₂ * B; That is, the tool number is changed from T ₁ to T ₂ as the tool change. And the above block,

[Equation 14] 1000 G302 F ₁ * B; The following processing is repeated, and the processing judgment and the actual processing are repeated, and all tools are used for all processes of all workpieces mounted up to the pallet surface No.S. After processing,

[Equation 15] G306 E9; is read, and after confirming the end of the macro program,

## EQU16 ## M02; is read, and this program ends.

As described above, since the program is composed of the entire program and the program for each work such as the macro program, the program contents are easy to understand and the program can be easily created, and the program can be easily changed. Further, there is an effect that the programs can be simply incorporated in the order of the steps for each workpiece, and thereafter, the machining sequence can be automatically changed without performing the program modification, that is, the machining with the same tool is executed first.

[0020]

According to the present invention, there is provided a data fetching command means for commanding fetching of various data such as whether or not a work piece at a predetermined position corresponding to a pallet is mounted, whether or not a predetermined tool is machined, and the like. The processing determination means for determining whether or not the various data and the data indicating the presence or absence of the pallet surface, workpiece, process, etc., and the data captured by the data capture command means by the processing determination means are If there is a match, the next block is executed, and if it does not match, another block is executed, and the block determination means is provided. By automatically fetching various data such as the workpiece attached to the pallet, Since there is no manual data setting, work mistakes are eliminated. Then, various data are captured, and it is determined whether or not those data match the data indicating the presence or absence of the pallet surface, the workpiece, the process, and the like. Then, based on the determination, the next block or another block is executed.
As described above, since the presence or absence of the machining process with the predetermined tool is determined, the process can be optimized and the machining time can be shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a machine tool that processes a plurality of types of workpieces according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a plurality of types of workpieces are attached to a pallet used in the apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a program configuration used in the apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a program configuration used in the apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of an MPU used in the apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of an MPU used in the apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional program configuration.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 ... Numerical control device 12 ... Computer 12a ... MPU (microprocessor) 12e ... Fixed disk 20 ... Machine tool 21, 22, 23 ... Servo motor 25 ... Table SM ... Spindle motor P ... Pallet ANo.1, ..., ANo.4 , BNo.1, BNo.2 ... Workpiece

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool for machining a plurality of types of workpieces mounted on one pallet, and various data such as whether or not the workpiece is mounted at a predetermined position corresponding to the pallet and whether or not a predetermined tool is machined. It is determined whether or not the data acquisition command means for instructing the acquisition of data and the various data acquired by the data acquisition command means and the data indicating the presence / absence of the pallet surface, workpiece, process, etc., match. And a block determining means for executing the next block if the data fetched by the data fetching command means in the machining determining means match, and executing another block if they do not match. A machine tool that processes multiple types of workpieces.