JPH06191813A - Production of activated carbon using chlorine-containing polymer and activated carbon obtained by this method - Google Patents
Production of activated carbon using chlorine-containing polymer and activated carbon obtained by this methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06191813A JPH06191813A JP4358663A JP35866392A JPH06191813A JP H06191813 A JPH06191813 A JP H06191813A JP 4358663 A JP4358663 A JP 4358663A JP 35866392 A JP35866392 A JP 35866392A JP H06191813 A JPH06191813 A JP H06191813A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- chlorine
- matrix body
- heat treatment
- containing polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えばポリ塩化ビニー
ル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、塩素化ポリエチレン、ポリク
ロロピレン等のような含塩素系ポリマ、特に廃棄物とな
った含塩素系ポリマを活性炭として再利用する技術に関
する。The present invention relates to a chlorine-containing polymer such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, polychloropyrene, etc., particularly a waste chlorine-containing polymer reused as activated carbon. Technology.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】含塩素系ポリマの廃棄物は、焼却の困難
性や分解生成物の有毒性などからその廃棄処理に問題が
あるが、一方でその特性から加熱処理により活性炭とし
ての再利用の可能性が認められている。例えば、特開昭
４８−６７１９０号及び特公昭５０−３９４２８号等に
開示の技術がその例である。2. Description of the Related Art Wastes of chlorine-containing polymers have a problem in waste disposal due to difficulty of incineration and toxicity of decomposition products. On the other hand, due to their characteristics, they cannot be reused as activated carbon by heat treatment. The possibility is recognized. For example, the techniques disclosed in JP-A-48-67190 and JP-B-50-39428 are examples.
【０００３】しかし、実情はどうかというと活性炭への
本格的再利用は未だ具体化されていない。これは、上記
のような従来技術では必ずしも安定的に効率良く活性炭
を得られず、従って他の原料から得られる通常の活性炭
との関係で十分に経済性を実現できない点に大きな要因
があるものと考えられる。However, in terms of the actual situation, full-scale reuse of activated carbon has not been realized yet. This is largely due to the fact that the conventional technology as described above does not always yield stable and efficient activated carbon, and therefore cannot realize sufficient economic efficiency in relation to ordinary activated carbon obtained from other raw materials. it is conceivable that.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、このような
事情を背景になされたもので、含塩素系ポリマからより
実用性の高い条件で活性炭を得ることのできる方法の提
供を目的としている。The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method for obtaining activated carbon from a chlorine-containing polymer under more practical conditions. .
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、処理対象の
含塩素系ポリマを、適宜の厚みを持ち平板状又は所望の
形状に形成されたマトリックス体の支持面に面状に支持
させた状態で加熱処理を施すようにしている。According to the present invention, the chlorine-containing polymer to be treated is planarly supported on a supporting surface of a matrix body having an appropriate thickness and formed in a flat plate shape or a desired shape. The heat treatment is applied in.
【０００６】加熱処理は、基本的には上記特開昭４８−
６７１９０号及び特公昭５０−３９４２８号に開示のも
のと同様で、例えば高温水蒸気を加熱媒体として２００
〜３５０℃で脱塩化水素と炭化を行い、それから６００
〜９００℃で活性処理を行う。Basically, the heat treatment is carried out according to the above-mentioned JP-A-48-
No. 67190 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-39428, and, for example, high temperature steam is used as a heating medium.
Dehydrochlorination and carbonization at ~ 350 ° C, then 600
Activated at ~ 900 ° C.
【０００７】マトリックス体に支持させる含塩素系ポリ
マの性状は、シート状及び粉砕状の何れでもよい。た
だ、処理対象の含塩素系ポリマに可塑剤が含まれている
か否かにより、扱い上で多少の相違があり得る。例え
ば、可塑剤が含まれていると加熱時の膨張率が大きいの
で、これを見込んだ条件で含塩素系ポリマの予備処理を
行う必要がある。The chlorine-containing polymer supported on the matrix may be in a sheet form or a pulverized form. However, there may be some difference in handling depending on whether or not the chlorine-containing polymer to be treated contains a plasticizer. For example, when a plasticizer is included, the expansion coefficient upon heating is large, so it is necessary to pretreat the chlorine-containing polymer under the conditions that allow for this.
【０００８】この方法によると、加熱処理された含塩素
系ポリマが最終的にマトリックス体の支持面上で例えば
シート状のような特定の形状を持つところの定形状の活
性炭となり、この定形状活性炭が平板状や所望の形状に
形成されたマトリックス体と一体化した構造の製品を得
ることができる。According to this method, the heat-treated chlorine-containing polymer finally becomes a fixed shape activated carbon having a specific shape such as a sheet on the support surface of the matrix, and this fixed shape activated carbon is obtained. It is possible to obtain a product having a structure integrated with a matrix body having a flat plate shape or a desired shape.
【０００９】また、マトリックス体を炭化時の形状誘導
媒体としてのみ機能させるようにすることもできる。即
ち、マトリックス体として炭化処理までの温度に耐える
が活性処理の温度では溶解あるいは分解するような性質
のものを用いることにより、最終的にマトリックス体の
支持面の形状に相応する形状の活性炭のみによる定形状
製品を得ることができる。つまり、マトリックス体が例
えば平板状であれば平板形状であり、円筒状であれば円
筒形状である定形状活性炭のみの製品とすることもでき
る。Further, the matrix body may be made to function only as a shape-inducing medium during carbonization. That is, by using a matrix that has a property of withstanding the temperature up to the carbonization treatment but dissolving or decomposing at the temperature of the activation treatment, only activated carbon having a shape finally corresponding to the shape of the support surface of the matrix is used. A shaped product can be obtained. That is, if the matrix body is, for example, a flat plate shape, it is a flat plate shape.
【００１０】マトリックス体は、活性炭と一体化させる
場合には定形状活性炭のいわば裏打ちとして機能するも
ので、活性炭の両面を働かせてより効率的に機能させる
ためには、例えばグラスファイバーのような耐熱性の繊
維状材料を用いて通気構造に形成するのが好ましい。The matrix body, when integrated with activated carbon, functions as a so-called lining of shaped activated carbon. To make both sides of activated carbon work more efficiently, for example, a heat-resistant material such as glass fiber is used. It is preferable to form the breathable structure by using a fibrous material having a good property.
【００１１】含塩素系ポリマが定形状の活性炭となる機
序は、必ずしも明確でなく今後のより詳細な分析が待た
れるが、ポリ塩化ビニール（ＰＶＣ）を例にとると、一
応以下のような説明が推測的に可能である。即ち、脱塩
化水素と炭化の過程ではＰＶＣの主鎖の切断も同時に進
行しており、いわばＰＶＣの分解生成物である塩素含有
低分子成分（分子量は多種類からなる）が生成し、その
中の一部の成分が粘性を有するために炭化物相互の接着
剤の役割を果たし、定形構造の形成が可能になる。つま
り、ＰＶＣの分解低分子化過程で脱塩化水素と炭素化反
応が競合的に生起し、この際に生成した低分子成分の粘
性とそれ自身の炭化により炭化物の接着乃至架橋がなさ
れる。The mechanism by which the chlorine-containing polymer becomes an activated carbon of a fixed shape is not always clear, and more detailed analysis is awaited in the future. Taking polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as an example, it is as follows. The explanation is speculatively possible. That is, in the process of dehydrochlorination and carbonization, the main chain of PVC is also being simultaneously cleaved, so to speak, a chlorine-containing low-molecular component (a large number of molecular weights), which is a decomposition product of PVC, is produced. Since some of the components have a viscosity, they play a role of an adhesive between the carbides and enable formation of a regular structure. That is, dehydrochlorination and carbonization reaction competitively occur in the process of decomposing and lowering the molecular weight of PVC, and the adhesion or cross-linking of the carbide is performed by the viscosity of the low molecular weight component generated at this time and the carbonization of itself.
【００１２】本発明のようにして活性炭自体に定形構造
を持たせることにより、塩ビ廃棄物を素材とする従来の
活性炭はもとより、他の一般的な素材による通常の活性
炭にもなかった大きな実用上の利点が得られる。By providing the activated carbon itself with a fixed structure as in the present invention, not only the conventional activated carbon made of PVC waste but also the ordinary activated carbon made of other general materials have a great practical use. The advantages of
【００１３】即ち、従来の活性炭は何れも粉末や粒状
で、いわば無定形のものとしてしか得ることができず、
これを使用するには、何らかの容器に充填する必要があ
り、また活性炭自体に何らかの形状を与えるには、無定
形の活性炭を接着材で固化する必要があるが、前者の場
合には処理対象の気体や液体との接触効率の低下を避け
られず、また後者の場合には接着剤で活性炭の表面が塞
がれてしまいその吸着能力の大幅な減少を避けられな
い。That is, all the conventional activated carbons are powdery or granular and can be obtained only in a so-called amorphous form.
In order to use it, it is necessary to fill it in some kind of container, and to give the activated carbon itself some shape, it is necessary to solidify the amorphous activated carbon with an adhesive. It is inevitable that the contact efficiency with the gas or liquid will be reduced, and in the latter case, the surface of the activated carbon will be blocked by the adhesive agent and a large reduction in its adsorption capacity will be unavoidable.
【００１４】一方、本発明のように、活性炭自体が定形
構造を持ち、またその裏打ち乃至形状誘導媒体であるマ
トリックス体を平板状や所望の立体形状に形成できれ
ば、これをそのまま種々の用途に用いることができ、活
性炭の本来の能力をより効率よく活かすことができるだ
けでなく、利用上での加工もより簡単なもので済むこと
になる。On the other hand, if the activated carbon itself has a regular structure as in the present invention and the matrix body which is the backing or shape-inducing medium can be formed into a flat plate shape or a desired three-dimensional shape, it can be used as it is for various purposes. In addition to being able to make more efficient use of the original capacity of activated carbon, it will be easier to process in use.
【００１５】[0015]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。加熱処理
は図１に模式化して示すような構造の加熱炉１を用いて
行う。加熱炉１は、それぞれごとに加熱用の蒸気の供給
及び回収をできるようにされた一次加熱処理ゾーンＺ1
と二次加熱処理ゾーンＺ2 とに区切られており、この両
ゾーンＺ1 、Ｚ2 に跨がって設けたコンベア２により複
数のマトリックス体３、３、……を連続的に搬送しつつ
その表面に載せられている含塩素系ポリマ、この例では
ＰＶＣに、脱塩化水素及び炭化用の一次加熱処理と活性
化用の二次加熱処理を連続的に施すようにしている。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below. The heat treatment is performed using a heating furnace 1 having a structure schematically shown in FIG. The heating furnace 1 has a primary heat treatment zone Z 1 which is capable of supplying and recovering heating steam for each heating furnace.
And a secondary heat treatment zone Z 2 are separated from each other, and a plurality of matrix bodies 3, 3, ... Are continuously conveyed by a conveyor 2 provided over both zones Z 1 , Z 2. The chlorine-containing polymer, PVC in this example, placed on the surface thereof is continuously subjected to the primary heat treatment for dehydrochlorination and carbonization and the secondary heat treatment for activation.
【００１６】マトリックス体３にはグラスファイバー板
を用いており、この各マトリックス体３の表面に、図２
に示すような状態で処理対象のＰＶＣ４を全面にわたっ
てほぼ均一に載せるようにする。ＰＶＣ４の量は0.5 〜
２ｇ／ｃｍ2 程度が好ましいが、この値は必要に応じて
適宜に変更できる。A glass fiber plate is used for the matrix body 3, and the surface of each matrix body 3 is shown in FIG.
The PVC 4 to be treated is placed almost uniformly over the entire surface in the state as shown in FIG. The amount of PVC4 is 0.5-
About 2 g / cm 2 is preferable, but this value can be appropriately changed as necessary.
【００１７】ＰＶＣ４の性状は、前述のようにシート状
及び粉砕状の何れも可能であるが、粉砕の場合であれ
ば、可塑剤を含まない場合には１００メッシュ程度に粉
砕するのが好ましく、可塑剤を含む場合には前述のよう
に膨張率が大きいのでこれより細かく粉砕する方が好ま
しい。As described above, the PVC 4 may be in the form of a sheet or a pulverized form. In the case of pulverization, it is preferable to pulverize it to about 100 mesh if it does not contain a plasticizer. When a plasticizer is contained, the expansion coefficient is large as described above, and therefore it is preferable to pulverize it more finely.
【００１８】加熱温度は、一次加熱処理を３００℃、二
次加熱処理を７５０℃とした。加熱時間は、一次加熱処
理が約１５分、二次加熱処理が約３０分である。尚、一
次加熱処理における脱塩化水素の状態は５分で８４．９
％、１５分で９７．４％、３０分で９９．５％、そして
６０分で１００％であるが、二次加熱処理においても多
少の脱塩化水素が許容されるので、一次加熱処理を１５
分程度とした。The heating temperature was 300 ° C. for the primary heat treatment and 750 ° C. for the secondary heat treatment. The heating time is about 15 minutes for the primary heat treatment and about 30 minutes for the secondary heat treatment. The state of dehydrochlorination in the primary heat treatment was 84.9 in 5 minutes.
%, 97.4% in 15 minutes, 99.5% in 30 minutes, and 100% in 60 minutes, but some dehydrochlorination is allowed in the secondary heat treatment, so the primary heat treatment is 15%.
It was about a minute.
【００１９】以上のようにして得られた定形状の活性炭
は、外観的には通常の活性炭とほとんど変わらないが、
切断して内部を見るとスポンジ状に空泡を含む構造とな
っており、この状態は可塑剤の量が多いほど著しく現れ
る。このようなスポンジ状構造は処理対象気体や液体の
より効率的な接触性を可能とするので活性炭機能のより
一層の効率化に意味を持つと言える。The fixed-form activated carbon obtained as described above has almost the same appearance as ordinary activated carbon, but
When it is cut and the inside is seen, it has a structure containing air bubbles like a sponge, and this state becomes more remarkable as the amount of the plasticizer increases. Since such a sponge-like structure enables more efficient contact of the gas or liquid to be treated, it can be said that the sponge-like structure is significant in further improving the efficiency of the activated carbon function.
【００２０】メチレンブルー吸着量による評価では、メ
チレンブルー吸着量；２５０ｇ／ｇであり、また内部表
面積は８５０ｍ2 ／ｇであった。これは活性炭自体の性
能としては標準的な市販品とほぼ同様である。When evaluated by the amount of adsorbed methylene blue, the amount of adsorbed methylene blue was 250 g / g, and the internal surface area was 850 m 2 / g. The performance of the activated carbon itself is almost the same as that of a standard commercial product.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によると、
廃棄物としての処理に多くの難点がある含塩素系ポリマ
を従来の無定形状の活性炭に比べ格段に用途特性が優れ
た定形状の活性炭に変えることができ、資源の極めて有
効的なリサイクルと共に活性炭の用途分野における機能
性の向上に大きく寄与できる。As described above, according to the present invention,
The chlorine-containing polymer, which has many difficulties in processing as waste, can be converted into a fixed-form activated carbon that has markedly superior application characteristics compared to conventional amorphous-shaped activated carbon, and with extremely effective recycling of resources. It can greatly contribute to the improvement of functionality in the application field of activated carbon.
【図１】本発明の実施例に用いる加熱炉の模式図。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating furnace used in an example of the present invention.
【図２】処理対象のＰＶＣを載せたマトリックス体の断
面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a matrix body on which a PVC to be treated is placed.
１ 加熱炉 ２ コンベア ３ マトリックス体 ４ ポリ塩化ビニール Ｚ1 一次加熱処理ゾーン Ｚ2 二次加熱処理ゾーン1 heating furnace 2 conveyor 3 matrix body 4 polyvinyl chloride Z 1 primary heat treatment zone Z 2 secondary heat treatment zone
Claims (4)
炭を得る活性炭の製法において、適宜の厚みを持ち平板
状又は所望の形状に形成されたマトリックス体の支持面
に処理対象の含塩素系ポリマを面状に支持させた状態で
加熱処理を施すようにしたことを特徴とする活性炭の製
法。1. A method for producing activated carbon from a chlorine-containing polymer by heating to obtain activated carbon, the chlorine-containing polymer to be treated is provided on a supporting surface of a matrix body having an appropriate thickness and formed in a flat plate shape or a desired shape. A method for producing activated carbon, characterized in that heat treatment is performed while being supported in a planar manner.
性炭であって、マトリックス体の支持面の形状に相応す
る形状で定形状に形成されてなることを特徴とする活性
炭。2. The activated carbon obtained by the method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is formed in a fixed shape corresponding to the shape of the support surface of the matrix body.
性炭であって、マトリックス体の支持面上に一体化させ
て定形状に形成されてなることを特徴とする活性炭。3. The activated carbon obtained by the method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is formed on the supporting surface of the matrix body so as to be integrated into a fixed shape.
請求項３に記載の活性炭。4. The activated carbon according to claim 3, wherein the matrix body is formed into a ventilation structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4358663A JPH0725528B2 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Process for producing activated carbon using chlorine-containing polymer and activated carbon obtained thereby |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4358663A JPH0725528B2 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Process for producing activated carbon using chlorine-containing polymer and activated carbon obtained thereby |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06191813A true JPH06191813A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
| JPH0725528B2 JPH0725528B2 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
Family
ID=18460478
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4358663A Expired - Fee Related JPH0725528B2 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Process for producing activated carbon using chlorine-containing polymer and activated carbon obtained thereby |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0725528B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009011886A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-22 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Halide absorbing agent and its producing method |
| JP2009155132A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-16 | Kureha Ecology Management Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing activated carbonized material and method of treating dioxins |
| CN113955737A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-21 | 中铁上海工程局集团市政环保工程有限公司 | Biochar prepared from polyvinyl chloride and municipal sludge and preparation method thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-12-28 JP JP4358663A patent/JPH0725528B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009011886A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-22 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Halide absorbing agent and its producing method |
| JP2009155132A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-16 | Kureha Ecology Management Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing activated carbonized material and method of treating dioxins |
| CN113955737A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-21 | 中铁上海工程局集团市政环保工程有限公司 | Biochar prepared from polyvinyl chloride and municipal sludge and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0725528B2 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
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