【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、地中から地表の方位関係を容易に把握できる
天体儀である。大深度地下利用が進行しているが、地中
かなり深い位置まで降りて移動したり工事等をする際、
その方位関係確認にとまどうことがある。つまり地表面
から一歩地中に入ったとたん、頭上の地表の位置関係が
一変する。すなわち地表を裏から見上げて見るため、東
西南北が逆転するばかりか、地形つまり陸地、盆地、湖
沼、海岸線の形状や、山脈と台地の境界、河川の流路、
街の輸郭や国境線など（これらをまとめて以下、境界
線、という）が鏡像のように反転してみえる。したがっ
て従来は、地中でうつむいた状態で、先ず地表の上方か
ら地形を見下ろした状況を延長させて頭の中に描き、つ
いで頭をあげて頭上の地表を見上げつつ、南南東など目
指す方位を把握するという行為となり、不便である上錯
誤もおきやすかった。といって、その内部に人間が入っ
て、境界線や方位を確認できる巨大な凹面天体儀は実用
的でない。そこで本発明の天体儀は、閉した面から成る
天体の、地表より内側から地表を見上げる位置にて把握
される、地表にある境界線を、地表の内側からみた曲率
と逆転した曲率をもつ天体儀の地表上に、そのまま境界
線として写像転写させて構成する。第一図は、天体の例
として地球△１０△の地中から地表の境界線を見上げて
いる状態を示す。いま、着目する範囲が、地中から見
上げたとき例えば凹面のとき、地中の位置から当該凹面
をなぞって観測される境界線を、第二図に示す天体儀
の、対応する範囲の凸面上に、曲率を反転させるが
左右逆転など施さずそのまま、境界線として転写す
る。これはあたかも天体の、例えば凸な表面に沿って透
明な凸面をかぶせて、その凸面上に地形など境界線をか
きうつし、取り外してその曲率をベコツと反転させ凹面
としたのち、裏にまわると今度は裏が凸面になっている
から、この凸面上に、凹面から透けて見える境界線をな
ぞって描き、その寸法を縮小してブランクの天体儀に貼
りつけたと同じ結果となる。上記を、着目する天体のす
べての範囲につき順次行うと、本発明による天体儀が
完成する。これは地中から地表を見上げた際の境界線な
らびに方位関係を、直載的に把握するに極めて有効であ
り、錯誤防止にも役立つ。本発明の対象とする天体は、
地球、月、火星、その衛星フォボス等々、要するに閉じ
た面より成る天体すべてであり、その各に応じた天体儀
ができる。例えば第三図は本発明による月球儀であ
り、半球儀で構成している。つぎに地表の高低の表現に
つきのべる。本発明の天体儀は少くとも前述の境界線
が、曲率の反転した面に転写されていさえすればよ
く、、よって地表面の高低の表現は、特に問わない。通
常、天体儀は観測された地表の高低や局所的凹凸を省し
て、平滑な球体で形成することが多い。本発明の天体儀
も同様に、平滑な球体で形成してもよい。また天体儀の
表面に地表の高低を設けるときは、ふたつの方法がとれ
る。第一は、地中から山の頂きや海底をとらえたと同じ
感覚で、天体儀表面に高低をつける場合であり、実際の
山は天体儀上で凹みとして、海底はふくらみとして設け
られる。第二の方法は、実際の地表の上部から見下ろし
て観察したと同じ高低関係のまま、本発明の天体儀に高
低をつけるもので、あたかも現実の天体の、鏡の像のよ
うに構成する。これはとりわけ、インテリアの用途にも
有効である。さらに、可成りデフォルメした、例えば回
転楕円体や多面体等はじめ、半球や四分の一球や、レン
ズ状等の天体儀としても、本発明を実施し得る。これら
は飾り物としての価値も有する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an astronomical sphere capable of easily grasping the azimuth relationship of the ground surface from the ground. Deep underground use is in progress, but when going down and moving to a position quite deep in the ground or doing construction,
There is some confusion about confirming the bearing relationship. In other words, as soon as you step into the ground from the surface of the earth, the positional relationship of the ground surface above you changes completely. In other words, in order to look up at the surface from the back, not only the north, south, east, and west are reversed, but also the topography, that is, the shape of land, basin, lake, marine, coastline, the boundary between mountains and plateaus, the flow path of rivers,
Areas such as city borders and borders (collectively referred to below as borders) can be seen as a mirror image. Therefore, in the past, in the state of lying down in the ground, first extend the situation of looking down on the topography from above the ground surface and draw it in the head, then raise the head and look up at the overhead surface, and grasp the target direction such as south-southeast It was an act of doing, and it was easy to make an inconvenience. However, a huge concave astronomical sphere that allows humans to enter inside and check the boundaries and orientation is not practical. Therefore, the astronomical object of the present invention is an astronomical object having a curvature that is the reverse of the curvature of the boundary line on the surface of the earth, which is grasped at a position looking up from the inside of the surface, of the closed surface. On the ground surface of the ritual, the map is transferred as it is as a boundary line. FIG. 1 shows an example of a celestial body in which the boundary line of the ground surface is looking up from the ground of the earth Δ10Δ. Now, when the area of interest is a concave surface when looking up from the ground, for example, the boundary line traced from the position of the ground to trace the concave surface is on the convex surface of the corresponding range of the astronomical object shown in FIG. Then, the curvature is reversed, but left and right are not reversed, and the pattern is directly transferred as a boundary line. For example, if you cover a transparent convex surface along the convex surface of the celestial body, scratch the boundary line such as terrain on the convex surface, remove it and reverse its curvature to a concave surface and turn it to the back, This time the back is convex, so the same result as if you draw a border line that is visible from the concave surface on this convex surface, reduce its size, and attach it to a blank astronomical mount. When the above is sequentially performed for all the range of the celestial body of interest, the astronomical object according to the present invention is completed. This is extremely effective in directly grasping the boundary line and the azimuth relationship when looking up from the ground to the ground surface, and is also useful for preventing mistakes. The celestial object targeted by the present invention is
The Earth, the Moon, Mars, its satellite Phobos, etc. are all celestial bodies consisting of closed surfaces, and the astronomical sphere corresponding to each of them can be created. For example, FIG. 3 shows a lunar globe according to the present invention, which is composed of a hemisphere. Next, I will explain the expression of the height of the ground surface. The astronomical orbiter of the present invention needs to transfer at least the above-mentioned boundary line to a surface having an inverted curvature, and thus the expression of the height of the ground surface is not particularly limited. Usually, the astronomical sphere is formed as a smooth sphere by omitting the height and local unevenness of the observed ground surface. The astronomical sphere of the present invention may also be formed by a smooth sphere. Two methods can be used to set the height of the ground surface on the surface of the astronomical mount. The first is the case where the top and bottom of the astronomical sphere is made to have the same height as if the top of the mountain or the bottom of the sea were caught from the ground. The second method is to add height to the astronomical astronomical object of the present invention with the same height relationship as when looking down from the upper part of the actual surface of the earth, and construct it as if it were a mirror image of a real astronomical object. This is especially useful for interior applications. Further, the present invention can be implemented as a considerably deformed celestial body such as a spheroid, a polyhedron, a hemisphere, a quarter sphere, or a lens. They also have value as ornaments.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
第一図は地中から境界線を見る状況を示す。第二図は本
発明による地球天体儀。第三図は本発明による、半球状
の月球天体儀。 …範囲、…境界線、…天体儀、…対応する範
囲、…境界線、…月球儀、△１０△…地球Figure 1 shows the situation of seeing the boundary line from the ground. The second figure is the Earth astronomical sphere according to the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a hemispherical lunar astronomical sphere according to the present invention. … Range,… Boundary,… Astronomical sphere,… Corresponding range,… Boundary,… Lunar globe, △ 10 △… Earth