JPH0617577B2 - Drilling method and equipment for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for drilling a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile that supports a structure and an apparatus therefor.

[Prior art] The cast-in-place pile method includes earth drill method, Benot method,
There are reverse construction methods, etc., but in each construction method, a digging machine such as an earth drill is used to dig a specified ground with a specified diameter to a specified depth, and the tremy pipe is suspended in the hole after the drilling machine is raised to the ground. Remove the slime at the bottom of the hole and hang the core rebar cage down to the tip of the hole.Pull the tremie pipe to the ground and pour fresh concrete into the hole to harden the concrete and cast it in place. Create. Further, in place of the above-mentioned rebar cage, if a ready-made pile such as a concrete pile is inserted and installed after filling the pile circumference fixing liquid, a root-hardening liquid, etc. in the pit, a foundation pile using the ready-made pile is constructed.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Generally, the bearing capacity of a foundation pile that supports a structure, whether it is a cast-in-place pile or a foundation pile that uses ready-made piles, is designed and determined as follows.

Normally, once the size and shape of a structure to be built on the specified ground is determined, the vertical load and horizontal force acting on the foundation piles that support it will be determined, and the above loads and forces will be withstood based on the geological survey of the specified ground. Foundation piles are examined, and the types of foundation piles, such as pile diameter and length (depth) of cast-in-place piles and design bearing capacity, are determined.

However, the actual bearing capacity of the foundation piles varies greatly depending on the soil properties of the ground where the piles are placed, the construction method, etc.
Especially for cast-in-place piles,
When digging with an earth drill, etc., loosen or collapse the hole wall ground due to up and down in the hole of the digging machine, or disturb or loosen the tip ground of the hole bottom. There is a drawback that the yield strength of the ground is reduced due to the deposition of slime on the ground, and as a result the bearing capacity of the pile is reduced, and it is not possible to construct a safe cast-in-place pile as designed.

In the Benoto method, etc. for creating cast-in-place piles, it is also possible to use a casing for construction to prevent collapse of the hole wall ground during construction, but the hole wall ground is positively pressed. There is a risk that the hole wall ground may be loosened and collapse when the casing is pulled up, and the peripheral frictional force, which is the bearing capacity of cast-in-place piles, may be greatly reduced. It was

Further, as described above, in cast-in-place piles, most of the upper structure load is supported by the peripheral surface supporting force of the pile, although it depends on the ground property, but for increasing the peripheral surface supporting force, for example, a hole wall. Neither pressure strengthening of the ground, tapering of the hole wall surface in the depth direction in the borehole, or taper opposite to the above for the purpose of increasing the pullout resistance of the pile has not been done at all. It was Especially when it is formed in a tapered shape, it depends on the geology of the ground to be constructed,
Although the taper degree is very small (for example, 1 to 2%) and it is advantageous to form the taper shape in view of the peripheral surface supporting force of the pile, there is no means for constructing and constructing this.

Furthermore, in order to increase the bearing capacity and frictional resistance of the piles, cast-in-place piles with convex portions on the piles' peripheral surface will collapse the ground of the hole wall only when excavating with a drilling machine. If the ground cannot be formed into a shape and the pile tip ground is loose or disturbed, a weight may be dropped into the tip ground in a previously excavated hole, a pile or block may be pressed in, or another press fit Although the equipment is sunk in the hole to strengthen the tip ground, the hole wall collapses or the hole wall collapses after the hole, until the weight or press fitting device is sunk into the hole Or loosen the tip ground,
There was a drawback that a sufficient tip supporting force could not be obtained. Further, even when the child pile is press-fitted or the tip ground is compacted by the press-fitting device, there is a reaction force that is not enough to strengthen the tip ground, and there is a drawback that the tip ground cannot be sufficiently pressed.

As described above, the cast-in-place pile has been constructed by a method that is extremely uncertain and dangerous with respect to the designed bearing capacity, and the bearing capacity of the cast-in-place pile cannot be fully utilized.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.

[Means for Solving the Problem] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for digging a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile according to the present invention includes a casing provided with a horizontal pressing device on the outer peripheral portion of the casing with a digging machine. And then press-fit it into the hole, press the borehole wall ground with the horizontal pressing device, and measure the displacement of the borewall ground due to the pressing with the position sensor provided in the horizontal pressing device, It is characterized in that the ground is pressed into a predetermined arbitrary shape.

In the above, the displacement of the hole wall ground due to the pressing of the horizontal pressing device can be measured and judged by the fluid amount to the cylinder that operates the horizontal pressing device instead of the position sensor.

The shape of the hole wall formed by pressing may be a taper shape in the depth direction in the hole, or may be a shape in which one or a plurality of concave and convex portions having an arc shape or a U-shaped cross section are provided on the wall surface of the hole.

Another method for digging a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile of the present invention is to use a casing provided with a horizontal pressing device on an outer peripheral portion thereof to dig a ground by a digging machine and press-fit it to a horizontal position. Pressing the downhole device provided at the tip of the casing and the underside of the downhole machine or the downside of the pressing device separately inserted into the inner hole of the casing while the downhole wall ground is pressed by the pressing device. Is characterized by.

A drilling device for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile of the present invention is provided with a pressing frame for pressing the hole wall of the ground in the drilling hole, which is divided into a plurality, on the outer peripheral portion of the casing, and the casing and the pressing frame. It is characterized in that it is provided with a measuring means such as a position sensor which is connected to each other by a cylinder and measures the displacement amount of the pressing frame which moves in the horizontal direction by the operation of the cylinder.

In this drilling device, it is preferable that each of the pressing frames for pressing the hole wall ground is formed in a box shape and is provided so as to move substantially horizontally in the radial direction with the guide plate provided in the casing as a guide. Is.

In addition, another hole drilling device for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles of the present invention,
At the tip of the casing with a horizontal pressing device on the outer periphery,
A position sensor for connecting the casing and the lower pressure frame with a cylinder and measuring the displacement amount of the lower pressure frame that moves vertically due to the operation of the cylinder, while providing a lower pressure frame that presses the tip ground of the ground in the hole It is characterized in that it is provided with measuring means such as.

In the above-mentioned drilling device, it is preferable that the lower pressure frame for pressing the tip ground is formed in a box-shaped ring shape and is fitted into the lower pressure chamber provided at the tip of the casing so as to be vertically movable. Is.

A drilling device for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles according to the present invention,
A drilling device in which a horizontal pressing device is provided on an outer peripheral portion of a casing, and a lowering device is provided on a tip portion thereof. The horizontal pressing device presses a plurality of pressing frames that press the hole wall ground and presses the pressing frames. A vertical cylinder provided between the lower platen of the lower pressure device connected to the tip of the casing and the horizontal pressing device has a cylinder, and is vertically movable with respect to the casing. Characterize.

In the above device, it is preferable that the casing and the drilling device or the pressing device inserted in the casing are provided with engaging means for engaging with each other so as to be able to move together in the axial direction.

[Operation] The method for digging a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile according to the present invention is one in which a hole wall ground is pressed and formed simultaneously with a hole drilling of a ground by a drilling machine, and the hole wall ground is positively strengthened. can do.

Particularly, when the hole wall ground is pressed by the horizontal pressing device, the displacement of the hole wall ground due to the pressing is measured by a position sensor provided in the horizontal pressing device, or measured by the amount of fluid for a cylinder that operates the horizontal pressing device. By making the above determination, the shape of the hole wall to be pressed can be pressed and formed into an arbitrary predetermined shape. For example, the shape of the hole wall can be tapered in the depth direction in the hole, or the hole wall surface can be provided with one or more arcuate or U-shaped cross-section irregularities. By doing so, the circumference of the pile can be reduced. It is possible to increase the surface supporting force and the pulling resistance force.

In the case of the above-mentioned drilling hole, the displacement amount of the pressing frame due to the operation of the cylinder, by using the drilling device for the foundation pile such as cast-in-place pile of the present invention, which is configured to be measured by the measuring means such as the position sensor, The displacement of the hole wall can be measured and determined by the amount of displacement, and the hole wall shape can be accurately pressed into an arbitrary predetermined shape. If the pressing frame is formed in a box shape and is a drilling device provided so as to move substantially horizontally in the radial direction using the guide plate provided on the casing as a guide, the pressing frame can be moved accurately and accurately. The horizontal pressing device can be reliably pressed and formed into a predetermined hole wall shape, and the horizontal pressing device is not damaged.

Further, in the method of digging a foundation pile such as another cast-in-place pile of the present invention, at a predetermined depth, while pressing the borehole wall ground with a horizontal pressing device, a down pressure device provided at the tip of the casing, , Which presses the tip ground with the lower surface of the drilling machine or the lower surface of the pressing device separately inserted into the inner hole of the casing,
In particular, at this time, the frictional resistance obtained by pressing the hole wall ground can be used as a reaction force to positively strengthen the entire tip ground surface with a simple device configuration.

In particular, if a downhole frame is provided at the tip of the casing and a displacement amount due to operation of the cylinder of the downpressure frame that moves up and down by the cylinder is measured by a measuring device such as a position sensor, The amount of compressive deformation of the tip ground can be measured and judged in relation to the pressing force, and the tip ground can be strengthened appropriately.

Further, when the horizontal pressing device provided on the outer periphery of the casing is a drilling device provided axially movable with respect to the casing by the operation of the vertical cylinder of the lower pressure device, the horizontal pressing device may be provided. Since the casing can be moved up and down while pressing the hole wall ground with,
It is possible to measure the frictional force and the peripheral frictional resistance of the hole wall ground with a constant pressing force.

When the casing and the digging machine or the pressing device inside the casing are provided with engaging means for engaging with each other so as to be able to move together, the digging machine or the digging machine may be moved along with the movement of the casing. The pressing device moves, and together with the lower pressure device at the lower end of the casing, at the same time, the tip ground can be pressed by the lower surface of the drilling machine or the pressing device.

[Embodiment] First, a drilling device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

Reference numeral 1 is a casing, and the entire depth of the hole is made to be substantially the same as the diameter of the hole. Alternatively, only the tip portion may have the same diameter, and the upper portion may be formed thinner.

Reference numeral S is a ground pressing device that presses and strengthens the ground in the borehole provided at the tip of the casing 1. The ground pressing device S is composed of a horizontal pressing device S1 for pressing the hole wall ground and a lower pressure device S2 for pressing the tip ground.

The horizontal pressing device S1 is formed in a double tube structure divided into a plurality (for example, four) on the outer peripheral portion of the casing 1.
The divided box-shaped pressing frame 5 has a horizontal cylinder 3
The guide plate 6 in the box-shaped room divided by the operation of (1) guides in and out the room in the horizontal direction. The front of the frame,
The pressing surface 7 is formed in a circular shape having substantially the same diameter as the casing, and the plurality of pressing surfaces 7 form a substantially circular shape. Further, the horizontal cylinders 3 are provided in several stages in the vertical direction of the horizontal pressing device S1, or depending on the axial length of the pressing frame 5, the horizontal cylinder 3 is
It may be a step. The horizontal pressing device S1 is the casing 1
Not only the tip of the, but also multiple steps in the axial direction of the casing 1,
Alternatively, it may be provided over the entire length of the casing 1.

The lower pressure device S2 is formed by fitting a box-shaped ring-shaped lower pressure frame 8 in the lower pressure chamber 12 of the lower double tube portion of the horizontal pressing device S1 so as to slide up and down. One or a plurality of vertical cylinders 4 vertically installed in the lower pressure chamber 12 are connected to the lower platen 13 below the lower pressure frame 8, and the operation of the vertical cylinders 4 causes the lower pressure frame 8 to move to the above-mentioned chamber. Appear up and down. The outer diameter of the lower platen 13 is approximately the same as the bore diameter. Further, the lower pressure frame 8 and the lower pressure chamber 12 are
Each hydraulic cylinder may be divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction, and each hydraulic cylinder may be formed to operate independently. However, illustration is omitted.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a hydraulic control device, which is a hydraulic control device provided between the hydraulic pump 21 and the horizontal cylinder 3 and the vertical cylinder 4, and is constituted by a manifold 22, a solenoid valve, etc., and is installed near the pump 21 on the ground. In this case, the manifold 22
Therefore, a plurality of hoses or pipes are provided up to the cylinders 3 and 4, and two main hoses between the pump 21 and the manifold 22 are reciprocating. Alternatively, a hydraulic control device may be installed near the ground pressing device S at the tip. In this case, the long distance between the pump 21 and the tip end manifold 22 becomes the two reciprocating main hoses or pipes, and the short distance from the manifold 22 to each cylinder is a plurality of hoses or pipes. To be done.

24a and 24b are horizontal cylinder 3 and vertical cylinder 4 above.
A pressure gauge or pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the oil (fluid) sent to the device, which is provided in the vicinity of the manifold 22 or the solenoid valve or provided in the pressing amount measuring device D and converts the measured value into an electric signal. And transmits it to the pressing amount measuring device D.

25a and 25b are horizontal cylinder 3 and vertical cylinder 4 above.
A flow meter for measuring the amount of oil (fluid) sent to
It is provided in the vicinity of the manifold 22 or the solenoid valve or is provided in the pressing amount measuring device D, and converts the measured value into an electric signal and transmits it to the pressing amount measuring device D. This device measures the amount of expansion and contraction of each of the cylinders 3 and 4, that is, the amount of movement of the pressing part, in other words, the amount of displacement of the ground, based on the amount of fluid sent. May be installed.

26a is a means for measuring the amount of movement of the pressing frame 5 that protrudes horizontally from the outer periphery of the casing 1 by the expansion and contraction operation of the horizontal cylinder 3 and presses the hole wall ground, that is, the amount of displacement of the hole wall ground. The position sensor is a displacement transformer such as a differential transformer type, a linear gauge type, or a strain gauge type. A plurality of displacement gauges are provided so that the amount of movement of each of the pressing frames 5 divided into a plurality of circumferential directions can be measured, and, as will be described later, they are also provided for each of the pressing portions having a plurality of axial steps. .

26b is a position sensor that measures the amount of movement of the lower pressure frame 8 that projects downward from the lower pressure device S2 and presses the tip ground at the bottom of the hole by the expansion and contraction operation of the vertical cylinder 4, that is, the amount of displacement of the tip ground. , Differential transformer type as above,
These are displacement gauges such as linear gauge type and strain gauge type.

Reference numeral 27 denotes a displacement gauge on the ground for measuring the vertical movement amount of the casing 1 having a horizontal pressing device S1 attached to its outer peripheral portion, and measures the axial movement amount of the pipe of the casing 1 from the ground fixed point 28. This is because the hole wall pressing part slides when the pressing frame 5 is moved up and down while the hole wall ground is pressed, or when the tip ground is pressed while pressing the hole wall ground, as described later. , It is to measure whether the casing 1 moves up and down.

D is a pressing amount measuring device, which receives signals sent from the flowmeters 25a and 25b, the position sensors 26a and 26b, and the displacement meter 27, and measures and analyzes the pressing force, the displacement amount of the ground when pressing, and the like. It is a thing.

FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 6a show an embodiment of a digging machine K in which the casing 1 is press-fitted while digging the ground.

K is a drilling machine such as an earth drilling machine, which is an excavation bucket
A tip drilling blade 34 is provided on the lower surface of the tip of the tip 31. The lower surface of the excavation bucket 31 is partially opened, and the earth and sand excavated by the tip excavation blade 34 enters the excavation bucket 31 and is excavated. 32 pin
A plurality of diameter-expanding blades attached to the side wall of the excavation bucket 31 by 33 so as to be openable and closable, and are opened and closed by a cylinder 36 to dig a bottom surface sediment of the ring-shaped ground pressing device S. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the diameter-increasing blade is rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft 30 (the inner hole may be a mortar, a hole for transmitting drilling water, etc.), that is, the rotation of the drilling bucket 31. You may open and close 32.

9 and 10 show another embodiment of a drilling machine for press-fitting the casing 1 by sinking.

K is an earth auger machine, a reverse machine, etc. for making a hole in the ground, 30 is a hollow rotary shaft (inner hole is mortar,
35 is a tip digging blade of 2 to 4 blades, 32 is a diameter-expanding blade 32 attached to the tip digging blade 35 with a pin 33 as described above, It opens and closes depending on the direction of rotation. 37 is a steady rest for setting the drilling machine K at the center of the casing 1. Reference numeral 9 is a drainage pipe for discharging and supplying muddy water in the pit, and when necessary, pouring and filling fresh concrete into the tip ground in the pit through the pipe.

Next, a construction method according to the present invention will be described.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 9, with the drilling machine K inserted and set in the casing 1, the ground is drilled, the casing 1 is submerged and press-fitted, and the horizontal pressing provided in the casing 1 is carried out. The apparatus S1 presses the hole wall ground in the borehole to form the hole wall ground into an arbitrary shape such as a tapered shape.
The construction method of the present invention is first described in the example using the drilling machine K of FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG.

Install a digging machine K such as an earth drill in the casing 1 and build it on the specified ground, and hold the casing 1 with the power jack J or casing driver on the ground. (Not shown).

When the digging machine K is rotated, the digging bucket 31 is casing.
1 Make a hole in the lower ground and activate the power jack J etc. to sunk and press fit into the hole a. When the casing 1 is sunk by a predetermined length, that is, when the length L of the ground pressing device S provided at the tip of the casing 1 is sunk, the horizontal cylinder 3 in the horizontal pressing device S1 is actuated and the pressing frame 5 is moved to the casing. 1 overhangs in the outer peripheral direction and presses the hole wall ground b.

In this case, the pressing force of the horizontal cylinder 3 is measured by the pressure sensor 24a (measurement value X), and the horizontal cylinder 3
The amount of expansion (displacement) of the pressure frame 5, or the displacement of the pressing frame 5 in the horizontal direction, that is, the displacement of the hole wall ground b is measured by the position sensor 26a (measurement value Y). The amount of expansion (displacement) of the horizontal cylinder 3 may be measured by the flow meter 25a. Each measured value X, Y is converted into an electric signal and transmitted to the pressing amount measuring device D installed on the ground.

In the present invention, the hole wall ground b is pressed to form the hole wall ground b into an arbitrary shape such as a taper shape. Therefore, the pressing force (X) and the hole wall ground due to the pressing are applied. The displacement (Y) is to be measured and measured by the pressing amount measuring device D according to a preset value, and the operation of the horizontal cylinder 3 is also controlled by the pressing amount measuring device D. With respect to the pressing force (X), for example, the pressing force is applied within a range corresponding to the static earth pressure at that depth or within a range not exceeding the passive earth pressure. The displacement of the hole wall ground b is to be pressed according to an arbitrary shape of the cast-in-place pile to be constructed. For example, in the case of forming a tapered taper t, it is provided above and below in the horizontal pressing device S1. In addition, when the expansion amount of the plurality of horizontal cylinders 3 is changed, the expansion amount is increased toward the upper stage and pressed, and in the case of forming the taper t opposite to the above, the expansion amount is increased toward the lower stage. It shall be pressed.

When the predetermined pressing on the hole wall ground b and the formation of the hole wall shape by the pressing are finished, the next unit length L is drilled by the drilling machine K,
The casing 1 is sunk and the hole wall ground b is pressed in the same manner as above.
Measurement control is performed, and the above is repeated to a predetermined depth to press and strengthen the hole wall ground b and form a shape.
A tapered t hole wall ground b whose diameter becomes smaller in the depth direction shown in FIG.

When the pressing of the hole wall ground and the formation of the shape are completed, that is, the hole a
When the pressing on the hole wall ground inside is finished, the pressing of the tip ground at the hole bottom is strengthened by the lower pressure device S2 and the bottom surface of the drilling machine K as shown in FIG. 11 (c).

The horizontal cylinder 3 is operated to project the pressing frame 5 to the outer periphery, and in the state where the surrounding ground is pressed, the vertical cylinder 4 in the lower pressure device S2 is operated to lower the lower pressure frame 8. In this case, as shown in the figure, the excavation bucket 31 of the digging machine K is located at the tip of the casing 1 with the expanding blade 32 opened below the lower pressure frame 8 and has a lower pressure frame.
With the lowering of 8, the lower platen 13 and the expanding blade 32 are locked (Figs. 6 and 6a), and the downward pressing force of the vertical cylinder 4, that is, the lower pressure is transmitted to the excavation bucket 31. The
The bottom surface of the lower platen 13 and the bottom surface of the excavation bucket 31 press and strengthen the tip ground. That is, the frictional resistance obtained by pressing the hole wall ground b is used as a reaction force to press and strengthen the hole bottom ground.
The pressing force of the vertical cylinder 4 is measured by the pressure sensor 24b, and further, the moving amount of the lower platen 13, that is, the displacement of the tip ground is measured by the position sensor 26b or the like and transmitted to the ground pressing amount measuring device D.

In addition, when pressing the hole wall ground at the tip of the inner hole, if the lower cylinder of the plurality of horizontal cylinders 3 that operates the pressing frame 5 is pressed to increase the expansion,
The shape of the hole wall becomes an inverse taper shape, and the cast-in-place pile in which the hole bottom ground is expanded is constructed. Further, in the above, the tip ground is pressed by using the frictional force due to the pressing of the hole wall ground b as a reaction force,
The upper part of the casing 1 may be fixed with a ground construction machine or the like. Further, the pressing of the hole wall ground b and the tip ground in the above may be repeated by pressing, releasing the pressing force, and pressing several times.

Further, in the above, pressing of the hole wall ground b and formation of the shape were performed along with the press-fitting of the casing 1, but the hole was drilled to a predetermined depth by the digging machine K and the casing 1 was sunk to that depth, and the tip was When the casing 1 is pulled up after the measurement of the pressure on the ground, the hole wall ground b may be pressed and the shape may be formed in order from the tip of the inside of the borehole upward. Further, the pressing of the hole wall ground b and the formation of the shape in the present invention are performed by the previously drilled hole a.
It can also be carried out by press-fitting the casing 1 inside, and in this case, a drilling machine such as a reverse machine can also be used.

As described above, when the pressing of the hole wall ground b, the formation of the shape, the measurement and the pressing of the tip ground are completed, the casing 1 and the drilling machine K are pulled up, and then the (conventional) core rebar cage is placed in the drilling hole a. By hanging N and the tremie pipe T to the tip of the hole and pouring ready-mixed concrete into the hole, a cast-in-place pile M having an arbitrary shape such as a side wall of the pile is formed. Also, if an injection pipe or the like is inserted into the pit a, a hardening material such as mortar for root consolidation or peripheral consolidation is filled in the pit a, and concrete piles, steel pipe piles or the like are inserted and installed in the pits. , A foundation pile is constructed using ready-made piles with arbitrary shapes such as tapered walls.

When the pile length of the cast-in-place pile to be constructed is long, considering the axial force applied to the pile, taper t1 is formed to a predetermined depth as shown in Fig. 12 (1), and at that depth. The diameter may be increased to return to the upper pile diameter (different diameter portion r), and the lower portion may be formed into a tapered shape t2. In this case, the different diameter part r
Also increases the pullout resistance of the pile. When the hole wall ground in the borehole is formed in a tapered shape as described above, an inclination of several% is desirable, and a large peripheral surface supporting force can be obtained, although it depends on the soil quality of the ground.

When the taper t is pressed in the opposite direction to the above, the hole wall ground b as shown in Fig. 12 (2) and (3) is obtained, and the pull-out resistance is large to prevent the structure from falling. A cast-in-place pile is created. The taper degree t of the hole wall ground b may be appropriately changed depending on the soil properties such as the clay layer and sand layer of the ground, and the hardness such as N value.

In the present invention, the hole wall ground b is formed in an arbitrary shape as shown in the figure, but other shapes of (4) to (7) in the figure will be described later.

In the above description, the apparatus is provided with the horizontal pressing device S1 having a fixed length L at the tip of the casing 1. However, when the horizontal pressing device S1 is provided in a plurality of stages in the axial direction of the casing 1, a plurality of steps are provided. Press after drilling to a depth equivalent to
Measurement may be performed, and when the entire length of the casing 1 is used as the horizontal pressing device S1, the entire length of the cast-in-place pile to be constructed may be bored and then pressed and measured.

Furthermore, another embodiment of the present invention will be shown.

Second Embodiment FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the horizontal pressing device S1, which is a cylindrical pressing surface of a plurality of divided pressing frames 5.
7 is formed on the tapered surface 64 having a reduced diameter at the bottom. In the above embodiment, the ground wall b of the borehole has a tapered shape t.
The amount of expansion of the upper and lower horizontal cylinders 3 was adjusted in order to press and form it. However, in this horizontal pressing device S1, the amount of expansion of the horizontal cylinders 3 is the same, and the pressing is simply performed.
The tapered t hole wall ground b shown in FIG. 11 (d) or FIG. 12 (1) can be formed.

In this case, by making the taper shape, the peripheral frictional force of the cast-in-place pile to be constructed can be increased and the negative frictional force can be reduced,
Further, it can be formed in a taper shape according to the distribution of horizontal force and bending moment acting on the upper part of the foundation pile, and an economical cast-in-place pile can be constructed.

Third Embodiment The taper of the pressing surface 7 in the second embodiment is reversed as shown in FIG. 14 to form a taper surface 64 having a larger diameter downward. In this horizontal pressing device S1,
By simply pressing the horizontal cylinders 3 with the same amount of extension, the tapered wall surface b of the hole t shown in FIGS. 12 (2) and 12 (3) can be formed.

In this case, the reverse taper shape increases the pull-out resistance of the cast-in-place pile to be constructed, and also has a function as an anchor pile that prevents the building or the like from falling.

Fourth Embodiment As shown in FIG. 15, the cylindrical pressing surface of the pressing frame 5
7 is a pressing surface with an arcuate cross section with the center part inflated.
It is what In this case, the formed hole wall ground becomes stepped piles as shown in Fig. 12 (5), and the circumferential frictional resistance in the vertical direction increases.

Fifth Embodiment As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, one to a plurality of ring-shaped protrusions 65 are provided in the vertical direction of the pressing surface 7 (axial direction of the casing 1). Hole wall ground b
As shown in FIG. 12 (6), has a shape in which a recess c is provided on the wall surface of the hole, and the frictional resistance of the peripheral surface in the vertical direction increases in the same manner as above. Instead of the ring-shaped convex portion 65, a plurality of hemispherical shell-shaped convex portions 66 may be provided as shown in FIG. Incidentally, the convex portion 65, 66
The cross-sectional shape of is formed in an arc.

Sixth Embodiment As shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, the convex portions 65 and 66 in the fifth embodiment are U-shaped in cross section, and the hole wall ground formed in this case is As shown in Fig. 12 (4), the frictional resistance of the peripheral surface in the vertical direction increases in the same manner as above.

In the fifth and sixth embodiments, if the amount of expansion of the upper and lower horizontal cylinders 3 is adjusted, a ring-shaped recess c is formed on the tapered t-hole wall surface as shown in FIG. 12 (7). The hole wall ground provided is formed, and it is possible to construct a cast-in-place pile in which the frictional resistance of the peripheral surface is further increased.

Seventh Embodiment In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the pressing frame 5 is vertically divided into a plurality of pressing frames 5a, 5b, 5c in the horizontal pressing device S1 and the horizontal pressing device 5a, 5b, 5c is operated. Cylinder 3a, 3
By adjusting the amount of elongation of b and 3c at the time of pressing and further forming the pressing surfaces 7a, 7b and 7c in the shape of an arc or a U, the above-mentioned first to sixth
All the examples can be carried out in one device.

Eighth Embodiment FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 show a horizontal pressing device S1.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of horizontal cylinders 3 are mounted on a substrate 51 provided on an inner pipe portion 50 of the double pipe structure of the casing 1.
Is provided and is divided by the operation of the horizontal cylinder 3 (for example, 2
The divided pressing frame 5 is configured to project in the horizontal direction using the guide plate 6 as a guide to press the hole wall ground b.

Ninth Embodiment The pressing surface 7 of the pressing frame 5 in the above first to seventh embodiments
In the present embodiment, the pressing surface 7 has a square shape as shown in FIG. 25. With this device, the hole wall ground is pressed to form a square shape. You can create cast-in-place piles, underground walls, etc.

10th Embodiment FIGS. 26 and 27 show another embodiment of the horizontal pressing device S1. The lower pressing plate 13 of the lower pressing device S2 and the horizontal pressing device S1 connected to the tip of the casing 1 are shown in FIGS. The pressing frame 5 can be moved up and down with respect to the casing 1 by the operation of the vertical cylinder 4 provided therebetween. Horizontal cylinder 3
The slide plate 6a to which the base of is fixed is movably supported by the guide plate 6, and the pressing frame 5 is configured to move up and down.When the pressing frame 5 is moved up and down, a constant pressing force is applied. The frictional force of the hole wall ground b and the frictional resistance of the peripheral surface can be measured (the pressing surface 7 is formed as a rough surface). In this case, the upper part of the casing 1 is fixed with a construction machine such as a power jack J on the ground.

The measurement of the peripheral frictional force will be described in more detail.

In the present embodiment, when the ground wall pressing device S is pressed, the peripheral frictional force and the resistance force of the hole wall ground b are also measured when necessary.

At the ground depth to be measured, the horizontal pressing device S1 is pressing the hole wall ground b, that is, the horizontal cylinder 3 is operated and the pressing frame 5 is pressing the hole wall ground b. Then, fix the upper part of the casing 1 with a construction machine such as a power jack J on the ground. When the vertical cylinder 4 is operated, the pressing frame 5 slightly moves in the axial direction of the borehole in the above-mentioned pressed state, and the operating force of the vertical cylinder 4,
That is, if the moving force of the pressing frame 5 is measured, the peripheral frictional force of the hole wall ground at a constant pressing force (X), that is, the frictional resistance force (F) is measured by the pressing amount measuring device D. .

Pressing force (X) by horizontal cylinder 3 is pressure sensor 24
The vertical cylinder 4 operating force, that is, the moving force (F) is measured by the pressure sensor 24b, and the moving amount of the pressing frame 5 is measured by the position sensor 26b. Sent to.

The measurement of the frictional force on the peripheral surface may be performed for the entire length of the hole wall ground in the borehole, and further, the wall surface shape of the hole wall ground b may be vertical or may be an arbitrary shape such as a tapered shape. In particular, in the case where the tapered shape t or the concave portion c is formed on the wall surface, the conventional method is effective because there is no means for measuring or estimating the circumferential surface friction force. The measurement of the frictional force on the circumferential surface was performed by moving the pressing frame 5 in the axial direction in the hole in the above description, but the casing 1 was slightly rotated by a casing driver or the like that held the upper part of the casing 1. You may measure.

Eleventh Embodiment FIGS. 28 and 29 show another embodiment of the pressing method and apparatus for pressing the tip ground. According to the above-mentioned construction method, when the lower pressure frame 8 is lowered to press the ground, the lower surface of the lower pressure plate 13 is locked to the expanding blade 32 provided at the tip of the drilling machine K, and the pressing force of the vertical cylinder 4 is applied. I told the drilling machine and pressed the tip ground with the lower surface of the tip of the drilling machine,
In this embodiment, the locking cylinder 40 provided on the rotary shaft 30 of the drilling machine K is projected in the horizontal direction and locked to the ring-shaped locking portion 41 provided on the inner wall of the casing 1. Therefore, the locking cylinder 40 and the locking portion 41 serve as an engaging means between the drilling machine K and the casing. The pressing frame of the tenth embodiment
When the vertical cylinder 4 (not shown in the figures) is operated with the hole wall pressed by 5, the main body of the casing 1 descends, and the drilling machine K locked in the casing 1 also descends accordingly. The tip ground is pressed by the lower surface of the drilling machine K. Reference numeral 42 is a locking frame that houses a plurality of locking cylinders 40. still,
The locking cylinder 40 may be provided with a pressure sensor 24c, a position sensor 26c and the like.

Twelfth Embodiment FIGS. 30 to 32 show another embodiment of the drilling machine K, in which a moving frame is provided in a ring chamber 60 having a substantially U-shaped cross section, which is provided near the upper portion of the tip drilling blade 35. It is formed by fitting so that 61 can move up and down. When pressing the tip ground, the moving frame 61 is lowered between the plurality of tip digging blades 35, and the lower surface of the moving frame 61 is pressed to be the same as the lower surface of the tip digging blade 35.

A moving cylinder 62 operates the moving frame 61. When the tip ground is pressed only by the tip excavating blade 35 without using this device, the tip excavating blade 35 is pressed while being rotated in order.

Thirteenth Embodiment In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the tip end ground is directly pressed by the tip end portion of the drilling machine K used for the hole when pressing the tip ground. It was On the other hand, in this method, the ground is bored by the boring machine K, and the casing 1 is press-fitted and submerged while the casing 1 presses the hole wall ground. When the ground pressing device S reaches a predetermined depth, the drilling machine K is pulled up from the inside of the casing 1 to the ground. Thereafter, a pressing device S3 for pressing the tip portion as shown in the figure is hung up to the tip portion inside the casing 1, and as a means for engaging the pressing device S3 and the casing 1, a locking cylinder provided on the hollow shaft 55. 40 is engaged with the locking portion 41, the vertical cylinder 4 is operated, and the tip surface ground is pressed by the lower pressure surface 56.

It should be noted that each of the above-described embodiments is selectively used depending on the ground condition, construction conditions, and the like, and it is also possible to use each in combination.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the drilling method and device of the present invention, the casing having the horizontal pressing device for pressing the hole wall ground provided on the outer peripheral portion is used to dig the ground by the drilling machine and press-fit the sink. While the casing is in the borehole, for example, when the casing is inside the borehole during press-fitting after sinking or when the casing is pulled up after press-fitting for sinking, the borehole wall ground is collapsed by the horizontal pressing device. There is an effect that foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles with excellent peripheral surface bearing performance can be created without loosening.

In addition, since the hole wall ground is pressed to form the hole wall ground into an arbitrary shape such as a tapered shape or an uneven portion on the wall surface, the required performance of the cast-in-place pile, that is, the peripheral surface. An optimum cast-in-place pile can be freely and easily constructed according to the frictional force, pullout resistance, and bending moment acting on the upper part of the pile.

In particular, in the hole drilling method and apparatus of the present invention, when the hole wall ground is pressed, the displacement of the hole wall due to the pressing is measured and confirmed by the displacement amount of the pressing frame by the position sensor or the like. Can be accurately pressed and formed into an arbitrary shape having a shape or a concavo-convex portion. For example, even a cast-in-place pile having a taper degree of several% can be formed by accurately pressing the hole wall ground. If the box-shaped pressing frame can be accurately moved in the radial direction by the guide means,
The hole wall shape can be pressed more accurately, and the horizontal pressing device can be prevented from being damaged.

Further, the strengthening of the pressure of the tip ground is also achieved by the lower pressure device provided on the outer peripheral portion of the tip of the casing and the lower surface of the drilling machine used for the drilling hole or the lower surface of the pressing device separately inserted, after reaching the tip ground,
Since the frictional resistance due to the pressing of the horizontal pressing device is immediately pressed as a reaction force, the tip ground can be firmly compacted without being loosened. At this time, by using a drilling device capable of measuring the displacement amount of the lower pressure frame, the compression deformation amount of the tip ground can be measured and determined in relation to the pressing force, and the tip ground can be strengthened appropriately.

Further, by using the drilling device which is provided so that the horizontal pressing device can move in the axial direction with respect to the casing by the operation of the vertical cylinder of the down pressure device, the horizontal pressing device that constitutes the ground pressing device can be used for the tip part in the drilling hole. The hole wall ground is pressed, and the frictional force due to the pressure is used as a reaction force to move the casing up and down, so that the frictional force and peripheral friction resistance of the hole wall ground can be measured with a constant pressing force. It is also possible to press the tip ground with a lower pressure device provided in the device.

Further, when the casing and the drilling machine or the pressing device therein are provided with engaging means for engaging with each other so that they can be moved together in the axial direction, the drilling machine or the pressing device may be moved along with the movement of the casing. Move, the lower pressure device at the lower end of the casing and the lower surface of the drilling machine or the pressing device, the tip ground,
That is, it is possible to easily press the entire bottom surface of the hole at the same time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a ground pressing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line I-I of the previous figure, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a hydraulic control circuit used in the ground pressing device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which the ground pressing device according to the embodiment of the present invention and a drilling machine are combined. Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in the previous figure, Fig. 6a is a partial side view of the previous figure, Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a modification of the drilling machine, FIG. 8 is a partial side view of the boring machine of the previous figure, and FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the ground pressing device according to the embodiment of the present invention and a modification of the boring machine are combined. Drawing is a IV-IV sectional view of the previous figure, Drawing 11 is a sectional view for explaining the process of the method of digging a foundation pile concerning the example of the present invention. Drawing 12 is the example of the present invention. Depending on the method of drilling the foundation pile related to Sectional views of the formed holes having various shapes, FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the ground pressing device, and FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-section showing yet another embodiment of the ground pressing device. FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, and FIG. 17 is a front view of the same. VV sectional view, FIG. 18 is a view similar to the previous figure showing a modified example of the ground pressing device, FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, and FIG. VI-VI cross-sectional view of the previous figure, FIG. 21 is a view similar to the previous figure showing a modified example of the ground pressing device, FIG. 22 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, FIG. 23 is a vertical sectional view showing a state in which another embodiment of the ground pressing device is combined with the drilling machine shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in the previous figure. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, FIG. 26 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the ground pressing device, and FIG. 27 is a VIII- of the previous figure. VIII sectional view, FIG. 28 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a ground pressing device and a drilling machine according to still another embodiment are combined, and FIG. 29 is a IX-IX sectional view of the previous figure, FIG. 31 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which a ground pressing device and a drilling machine according to still another embodiment are combined, FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX of the previous figure, and FIG. 32 is a view of the previous figure. Partial side view, FIG. 33 is a vertical sectional view showing a state in which another embodiment of the ground pressing device is combined with another pressing device, and FIG. 34 is a sectional view taken along the line XI-XI of the previous figure. Explanation of code 1 …… Casing 3 …… Horizontal cylinder 4 …… Vertical cylinder 5 …… Pressing frame 6 …… Guide plate 6a …… Slide plate 7 …… Pressing surface 8 …… Down pressure frame 9 …… Drain pipe 12… ... Lower pressure chamber 13 ... Lower platen 20 ... Hydraulic control device 21 ... Hydraulic pump 22 ... Manifold 24a, 24b ... Pressure sensor 25a, 25b ... Flowmeter 26a, 26b ... Position sensor 27 ... Displacement meter 28 ...... Ground fixed point 30 ...... Rotation axis 31 ...... Excavation bucket 32 ...... Expanding blade 33 ...... Pins 34, 35 ...... Tip digging blade 36 ...... Cylinder 37 ...... Steady stop 40 ...... Locking cylinder 41 …… Locking part 42 …… Locking frame 45 …… Movement cylinder 50 …… Inner tube part 51 …… Substrate 55 …… Hollow shaft 56 …… Lower pressure surface 60 …… Ring chamber 61 …… Transfer Frame 62 …… Movement cylinder 64 …… Tapered surface 65 …… Ring-shaped convex portion 66 …… Convex portion a …… Drilling hole b …… hole wall ground c …… Concave portion r …… Different diameter portion t …… Tapered D …… Pressure amount measuring device J …… Power jack K …… Drilling machine M …… Spot driving pile S …… Ground pressing device S1 …… Horizontal pressing device S2 …… Down pressure device S3 …… Pressing device

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A casing having a horizontal pressing device provided on the outer peripheral portion thereof is digged into a ground by a digging machine to be press-fitted, and the horizontal pressing device presses an inner wall of a pit hole and a hole by the pressing. The displacement of the wall ground is measured and judged by a position sensor provided in the horizontal pressing device, and the hole wall ground is pressed into a predetermined arbitrary shape to form a hole for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile. Method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the displacement of the hole wall ground due to the pressing of the horizontal pressing device is measured and judged by the amount of fluid with respect to the cylinder that operates the horizontal pressing device instead of the position sensor. Drilling method for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles. 3. The method for digging a foundation pile such as cast-in-place pile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of the hole wall formed by pressing is tapered in the depth direction in the pit. 4. The excavation of a foundation pile such as cast-in-place pile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of the hole wall formed by pressing is a shape in which one or a plurality of uneven portions having an arcuate or U-shaped cross section is provided on the hole wall surface. Hole method. 5. A casing having a horizontal pressing device provided on the outer periphery thereof is press-fitted by digging the ground by a digging machine, and when reaching a predetermined depth, the horizontal pressing device presses the digging hole inner wall ground. In this state, the down pressure device provided at the tip of the casing is pressed by the lower surface of the drilling machine or the lower surface of the pressing device separately inserted in the inner hole of the casing. Method. 6. A plurality of pressing frames are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the casing for pressing the hole wall of the ground in the borehole, and the casing and the pressing frame are connected to each other by a cylinder, and the cylinder is operated by the operation of the cylinder. A drilling device for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile, which is provided with a measuring device such as a position sensor for measuring the amount of displacement of a pressing frame that moves in the horizontal direction. 7. The pressing frame for pressing the hole wall ground is formed in a box shape, and is provided so as to move substantially horizontally in the radial direction using a guide plate provided in the casing as a guide. Drilling equipment for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles. 8. A lower pressure frame for pressing the tip ground of the ground in the borehole is provided at the tip of a casing having a horizontal pressing device on the outer periphery, and the casing and the lower pressure frame are connected by a cylinder. A drilling device for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-place pile, which is provided with a measuring device such as a position sensor for measuring the displacement amount of a lower pressure frame that moves in the vertical direction by the operation of a cylinder. 9. The lower pressure frame for pressing the tip ground is formed in the shape of a box ring, and is formed by being fitted in a lower pressure chamber provided at the tip of the casing so as to be vertically movable. Drilling equipment for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles. 10. A drilling device in which a horizontal pressing device is provided on an outer peripheral portion of a casing, and a lowering device is provided at a tip portion thereof, wherein the horizontal pressing device includes a plurality of pressing frames for pressing the hole wall ground. It has a cylinder for pressing it, and is vertically movable with respect to the casing by the operation of a vertical cylinder provided between the lower platen of the lower pressure device connected to the tip of the casing and the horizontal pressing device. A drilling device for foundation piles such as cast-in-place piles, which is characterized by being formed. 11. A place according to claim 10, wherein the casing and the drilling machine or the pressing device inserted in the casing are provided with engaging means for engaging with each other so as to be able to move together in the axial direction. Drilling device for foundation piles such as piles.