JPH06173777A - Device for producing high voltage applied emuslion fuel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a system for producing emulsion fuel oil which is practical and has a high performance, as a means for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas from a Diesel engine so as to reduce the quantity of black smoke and the fuel consumption rate of the engine. CONSTITUTION:In a method in which Diesel fuel such as light oil or heavy oil for operating a Diesel engine is mixed with water so as to produce emulsion fuel oil, water to be mixed is stirred and is simultaneously applied with a high voltage so as to refine and disperse droplets of electrified water in Diesel fuel so as to produce the emulsion fuel. The device is composed of a fuel pump 1, a water pump 2, a d.c. high voltage power source 8, a high voltage applying water jet nozzle 7, a high frequency power source 11, an electrode 10, agitating blades 13 and a circulating pump 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel oil production apparatus and production method for operating a diesel engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An emulsion produced by adding water to a conventional fuel as a means for reducing nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in exhaust gas of a diesel engine and reducing engine exhaust black smoke and fuel consumption rate. Use of fuel oil or injection of water into the cylinder at the same time as injection of diesel fuel oil,
It is known that a water injection diesel engine is effective.

However, the conventional emulsion fuel oil cannot rapidly change the mixing ratio of water and oil according to the operating condition of the diesel engine, and the emulsion fuel oil remaining in the fuel system is separated when the engine is stopped. There is a possibility that rust may occur in the engine fuel system or that lubrication failure may occur in the moving parts of the fuel feed pump and fuel injection pump. In addition, the conventional device or system that mixes water and diesel fuel oil to produce emulsion fuel oil on the upstream side of the fuel injection nozzle of the engine may be one in which an appropriate surfactant is added to water. , The fine dispersion of water is unstable, or the emulsion fuel generation device and system are complicated,
There was a problem in practicality as a system.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problems to be solved by the present invention are to provide an apparatus and a method for producing a high quality emulsion fuel oil in which water droplets are finely and uniformly dispersed, and to provide a diesel engine Depending on operating load conditions, it is possible to quickly and easily change the optimum water-fuel oil ratio at start, low load, high load, and stop, and many diesel engines currently on the market. It is intended to provide a practical and highly reliable emulsion fuel oil production system applicable to vehicles and the like.

[0005]

The first invention of the present application utilizes the difference in electrical characteristics such as electric conductivity and dielectric constant between diesel fuel oil produced from petroleum and water. Water is known to conduct electricity well except for pure water. This is because the impurities contained in the water contribute to the conductivity, and if a suitable surfactant and conductivity improver are added to the water, The conductivity is improved. On the other hand, petroleum, especially refined diesel fuel oil, is commonly known as an insulator. Therefore, we created a device of the type that sprays water into diesel fuel oil through a thin nozzle or hole and mechanically stirs and mixes it to produce emulsion fuel oil. When spraying water, an appropriate high voltage is applied to the nozzle. Then, the water jet in the diesel fuel oil is electrified, and it is made into fine water droplets together with the mechanical stirring and mixing action, and high quality emulsion fuel oil is generated. The applied voltage and polarity, the application method, the size and quantity of the injection nozzle, the stirring method, etc. are appropriately determined depending on the type of diesel engine, fuel oil and water quality, and usage of additives such as surfactants.

The second invention of the present application, in the production of emulsion fuel oil, imparts high frequency vibration to the filter in the direction perpendicular to the flow when the emulsion fuel oil being produced is passed through a filter having many fine holes. Due to
It gives fine fluctuations to each region of the flow after passing through the filter, and promotes fine dispersion of the charged water droplets in the emulsion fuel oil. By irradiating the filter with ultrasonic waves from the upstream side in the same direction as the flow of the emulsion fuel oil without causing high frequency vibration in the filter, the emulsion fuel oil after passing through the filter has many fine pores in the filter. It is also possible to promote fine dispersion of the charged water droplets in the emulsion fuel oil by applying an interference wave of sound generated from

According to Fleming's left-hand rule, the third invention of the present application is a charged particle. That is, the mechanical action that occurs when the charged minute water droplets move in the magnetic field is used to cause the magnetic field lines to act on the emulsion fuel oil that is being mixed to cause the charged water droplets to break up, disperse, and stir. These are achieved by providing a portion using a permanent magnet on the flow path of the charged water droplets or by installing an electromagnetic induction coil on the flow path and passing an alternating current of an appropriate frequency.

A fourth invention of the present application is one in which the first invention of the present application is applied to a displacement mixing type emulsion fuel oil production system which is an emulsion fuel oil production system for diesel vehicles, which has been proposed earlier. Emulsion fuel oil generators used for vehicles are required to supply emulsion fuel oil with an optimum water-fuel ratio to the engine in a fast-changing manner according to the conditions of use, and for ultra-precision machines such as injection pumps. It has been judged that it is preferable to generate emulsion fuel oil as close to the injection nozzle as possible in order to prevent problems, and it is necessary to generate emulsion fuel oil at the upstream side of the injection nozzle. A chamber is installed, and a fuel oil suction chamber for discharging part of the fuel oil is installed on the side of the fuel injection pump. Water is jetted from the water jet hole where a high voltage is applied to the production chamber by the displacement pump, and at the same time, the same capacity Emulsion fuel oil is generated by discharging the fuel oil from the fuel oil suction chamber. The displacement pump does not need to be operated synchronously with the injection of fuel oil of the injection pump, but simply operates continuously according to the average fuel oil injection amount and average flow rate of the injection pump, and the emulsion fuel oil Determine the water-fuel oil ratio and start operation.

In the fifth and sixth inventions of the present application, when jetting from the water jetting minute holes in the emulsion fuel oil production chamber, an ultrasonic wave oscillating source is installed in front of the jetting flow passage to superimpose ultrasonic waves on the jet flow. Alternatively, a vibrating body is installed in the jet hole to make the jet flow fluctuate and make the flow irregular, and when the pressure wave and velocity wave from the fuel injection pump pass through the generation chamber, complex scattered waves and minute turbulence are generated. In this way, needle-like protrusions or appropriate irregularities are provided on the inner surface, and a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil is installed in a part of the flow path.

[0010]

[Function] The relative permittivity and electric resistivity of petroleum are approximately 2.2.
And 1 × 10 ¹¹ [Ω · m]. The electric resistance of refined gas oil and the like increases by several orders of magnitude, and diesel fuel oil is said to be an insulator. On the other hand, the relative permittivity and electrical resistivity of water are about 90.37 and 5 × 10 ³ [Ω
・ M], and the more the impurities are contained in water, the smaller its resistivity becomes, and it is considered that ordinary drinking water or the like conducts electricity well. The factors that prevent the fine mixing of water and fuel oil when producing emulsion fuel oil are due to the difference in specific gravity between water and fuel oil and the surface tension of water. When water is added with an appropriate surfactant or the like, and a suitable high voltage is applied to the thin nozzle 22 as shown in FIG. 2 to jet it into the fuel oil, the surface of the water droplets, that is, the fuel oil When the charging phenomenon occurs at the interface of and the electrostatic pressure due to the surface charge 18 exceeds the surface tension of the water droplet, the droplet becomes extremely unstable and finely repeats dispersion. If fine fluctuations or fine turbulences are created in the mixing region, the particle size of water droplets becomes finer. The finely divided water droplets are electrostatically repulsed because they are charged with the same polarity as each other, and repolymerization due to surface tension or collision does not occur easily. When the particle size of the water droplets is about 2 μm to 5 μm, the emulsion fuel oil becomes stable for about 1 month or longer.

Regarding the polarity of the applied voltage, both + and − can be used, but normally the negative polarity is used. The applied voltage is determined by the degree of use of surfactants, the shape and electrical characteristics of the device, the stirring method, the breakdown voltage of fuel oil, and other factors. Generally, several thousand volts or more is used. The high-voltage system shall be configured so that electrical defects do not occur by applying appropriate insulation treatment to related parts.

In FIG. 1, the fuel supply pump 1 is driven from the fuel oil tank 5 through the filter 4a to supply the fuel oil to the emulsion fuel producing apparatus. At this time, the water supply pump 2 is driven at a specified interest rate, and water is ejected from the water tank 6 through the filter 4b and the water ejection high-voltage nozzle 7. The high-voltage charged water droplets are finely dispersed by the flow created by the circulation pump 3 and the diaphragm 9 and proceed to the high-frequency electrode 10. A voltage of at least several hundreds to several thousands Hz is applied to the high frequency electrode 10, and the charged water droplets are further finely dispersed by the high frequency dielectric action,
While being stirred by the stirring blade 13 driven by the motor 14, a part of the emulsion fuel oil is discharged from the emulsion fuel oil discharge port 15 as fine emulsion fuel oil A, and the other part is passed through the circulation path 12 and is again upstream by the circulation pump 3. It is returned in the direction of side 7.

In FIG. 3, containing charged water droplets,
When the emulsion fuel oil B being produced is supplied to the emulsion fuel oil production chamber 17 and passed through the filter 25a composed of many fine pores, at the same time, the ultrasonic oscillator 24 irradiates ultrasonic waves to the filter from the upstream side. Then, the sound wave further advances from the minute hole to the opposite side, and many interference fringes are formed. Further, by passing through the filter 25b composed of many fine pores vibrating in the direction perpendicular to the liquid flow by the vibration source 20, the flow fluctuation is given to a minute region of the flow,
Fine emulsion fuel oil A can be obtained.

In FIG. 4, an electromagnetic induction coil 36 is installed on the outer periphery of the emulsion fuel producing chamber 17 and an alternating current is passed through it.
By applying a magnetic force to the forming emulsion fuel oil containing charged water droplets and generating a minute vortex in the flow,
The solution is agitated, and the permanent magnet 23 is used in an in-line mixer having a protrusion inside the channel as shown in FIG.
A similar effect can be obtained by the effect of the magnetic field lines 21.

FIG. 6 shows a displacement mixing type emulsion fuel oil production system for a diesel vehicle, which was previously proposed. From the fuel oil tank 26 via the water separator 27, the feed pump 28 to the fuel filter 29, the fuel injection pump 30.
To supply fuel oil. The injected fuel oil of the fuel injection pump passes through the fuel suction chamber 35, the injection pipe, the emulsion fuel oil generation chamber 33, and is injected into the cylinder from the injection nozzle 34. Fuel oil displacement pump unit 3
2 is a thin jet provided in the emulsion fuel oil production chamber 33, which sucks the water supply material which is equal to the optimum water mixing ratio adapted to the fuel oil injection amount of the injection pump and the load condition of the engine from the water tank 31. The mixture is ejected from the hole and finally mixed at 34
Emulsion fuel oil is injected from the injection nozzle of. Assuming that the injection amount of the injection pump is Q ₁ , the fuel oil replacement pump unit 32 is used to discharge the fuel oil at a flow rate of Q ₂ from the fuel suction chamber 35, and at the same time, the same amount of water Q ₂ is removed at 32.
By supplying the liquid to No. 3, the volume and pressure of the liquid between the fuel injection pump and the injection nozzle are balanced.

The fuel injection time of the fuel injection pump is said to be about 2 to 5 thousandths of a second, and the speed of the pressure wave during operation is about 1400 m / sec, and the injection pressure is 100 to 30.
It is said to be 0 kg / cm ² . Therefore, emulsion fuel oil for diesel engine is expected to be of high quality with fine and evenly dispersed internal droplets, and it is required to have uniformity in the unit of several ten-thousandths of a second when jetting from an injection nozzle. To be For example, if the engine idling speed is 600 rpm. p. m, the maximum rotation speed is 3000 r. p. m
The number of injections per second is 5 times / second to 2 per cylinder.
5 times / second. The fuel oil injection amount of the plunger 1 stroke of the injection pump and 30mm ³ ~90mm ^3, the average moving velocity of the fuel oil in the injection pipe when the inner diameter of the injection pipe and 1.6mm the plunger 1 stroke per about 15 mm / The rotation speed is about 45 to about 45 mm / time, which is about 8 cm / sec to 113 cm / sec at idling and full load. At this time, the instantaneous flow velocity at the time of injection in the fuel injection pipe is approximately 300 cm / sec to 1500 cm / sec.

In the emulsion fuel oil production chamber of FIG. 7, the pressure wave and velocity wave from the fuel injection pump 30 pass through the production chamber in the direction of the arrow, and at least 90% or more are transmitted to the injection nozzle from the opposite side. Fine water droplets charged in the emulsion fuel oil production chamber are jetted from the water jet nozzle 7 to which a high voltage is applied by the power of the water jet pump. At this time, the minute vibrating body 38 gives fluctuations to the ejection amount from each water ejection nozzle to finely disperse the ejection flow. The charged water droplets are further dispersed by the pressure wave scattering surface 37 that disperses a part of the pressure wave of the injection pump to generate a scattered wave, and is generated in a fine emulsion fuel oil. In FIG. 6, the displacement pump 32 supplies water with the optimum amount of water calculated from the fuel injection amount, the engine temperature, other load conditions, etc., and the part that is in contact with the high voltage is made of an insulating material or has an appropriate insulation. It is preferable to perform a treatment to insulate the portion from 33 to the injection nozzle 34, but in some cases, it may be limited to a part of 33. The size of the production chamber is determined by standardizing the time required for production in the emulsion fuel oil production chamber to be 0.5 seconds to 1.0 seconds at the maximum flow rate. Therefore, in an engine in which the maximum fuel oil injection amount per stroke of the plunger of the injection pump is 90 mm ³ , the volume of the generation chamber is approximately 67 cc to 135 cc.
It is cc, and the follow-up response time of the water-fuel ratio control at the injection nozzle is about 2 to 5 seconds in normal use rotation speed.

[0018]

EXAMPLE FIG. 8 shows an emulsion fuel oil generator of a type installed upstream of a fuel injection pump. High-pressure pump 39 at the optimum ratio from fuel oil pump 1 and water pump 2.
Fuel oil and water are supplied to the fuel tank, and a high voltage source 8 applies a high voltage to the jet nozzle 7 having an inner diameter of 1 mm to jet the fuel oil into the fuel oil production chamber. The jetted charged mixed liquid passes through the metal filter 40 to which high voltage is applied with fine holes.
At this time, ultrasonic waves are applied to the ultrasonic wave 40 from the upstream side by the ultrasonic wave oscillation source 24. The finely dispersed solution passes through the metal filter 41 to which high voltage is similarly applied with finer pores, and becomes an emulsion fuel oil in which water and oil are extremely finely mixed.

FIG. 10 shows an application of the high-voltage displacement mixed emulsion fuel oil production system to a 4-cylinder diesel engine using the emulsion fuel production chamber of FIG.
A part of the fuel injected from the fuel injection pump 30 is passed from the fuel suction chamber 35 through the pressure buffer 48 to the mechanical flow rate matching valve 5
1, merged behind the check valve 49, and the replacement matching motor 32
b through the residual pressure adjusting valve 53 to the fuel filter 29b
Return to. The displacement pump 32a driven by the power means sucks water from the water tank 31 through the filter 29a and the flowmeter 52 and is evenly distributed to each cylinder by the mechanical flow divider 50. The check valve 49 and the pressure buffer 48 , Pre-charging chamber 4
7 is injected to 33. The return oil from the injection nozzle is returned to the upstream side of the flow meter 52 by the return pipe 45.
The parts 33 to 34 are insulated from the engine body.

[0020]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, when an emulsion fuel oil for diesel engine is produced, a high voltage is applied to the water, the water droplets in the fuel oil are charged, and the electromagnetic mechanical action is utilized to obtain the emulsion. Since the production of fuel oil is promoted, it is possible to provide emulsion fuel oil of extremely fine and high quality. Also, by using the displacement mixing method together, a practical and highly reliable emulsion fuel oil production system for diesel vehicles can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation explanatory view of a high voltage application emulsion fuel oil production apparatus.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of water droplet charging by a high-voltage nozzle.

FIG. 3 Device for promoting miniaturization using an ultrasonic oscillator and a vibration filter

FIG. 4 is a fragmentation promoting device using an electromagnetic induction coil.

FIG. 5: Miniaturization promoting device using in-line mixer type permanent magnet

FIG. 6 is a displacement-mixing type emulsion fuel oil generator.

FIG. 7 is a high-voltage application type emulsion fuel oil production chamber of a displacement mixing type emulsion fuel oil production device.

FIG. 8: Example 1 of high voltage application emulsion fuel oil production apparatus

FIG. 9: Example 1 of high voltage application type emulsion production chamber

FIG. 10 is a first embodiment of a high-voltage application type displacement mixing type emulsion fuel oil production apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 fuel supply pump 2 water supply pump 3 circulation pump 4a, 4b Filter 5 Fuel oil tank 6 Water tank 7 Water jet high voltage nozzle 8 DC high voltage power supply 9 Aperture 10 High frequency electrode 11 High frequency power supply 12 Circulation path 13 Stirring blade 14 Motor 15 Emulsion fuel oil discharge port 17 Emulsion fuel oil production chamber 18 Electric charge 19 Charged Water Droplet 20 Vibration Source 21 Magnetic Field Line 22 High Voltage Applied Water Jet Nozzle Section 23 Permanent Magnet 24 Ultrasonic Oscillator 25a, 25b Filter 26 Fuel oil tank 27 Water separator 28 Feed pump 29 Fuel filter 30 Fuel injection pump 31 Water tank 32 Fuel oil displacement pump unit 33 Emulsion fuel oil production chamber 34 Injection nozzle 35 Fuel suction chamber 37 Pressure wave scattering surface 38 Micro vibration Body 39 High-pressure pump 40 Metal filter 41 Metal filter 42 In-line mixer using permanent magnet 45 Return pipe 46 Injection pipe 47 Pre-charging chamber 48 Pressure buffer 49 Check valve 50 Mechanical flow divider 51 Mechanical flow matching valve 52 Flow meter 53 Residual pressure control valve

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for operating a diesel engine,
In the production of emulsion fuel oil, which is made by mixing diesel fuel oil such as light oil or heavy oil with water, a high voltage is applied to the mixed water at the same time as the stirring action, and droplets of water in diesel fuel oil are generated by an appropriate method. Finely disperse the charge. An emulsion fuel oil production apparatus and production method characterized by producing an emulsion fuel oil. 2. The generation of the fuel oil that is being produced by mechanically applying a vibration having a frequency higher than the vertical direction of the flow by an appropriate method or by applying ultrasonic waves to the solution. 2. The apparatus and method according to claim 1, wherein the fine dispersion of water droplets in the emulsion fuel oil is promoted by imparting fluctuation to a minute region of the flow of the emulsion fuel oil. 3. An electromagnetic mechanical action is applied to the flow of the emulsion fuel oil being produced by using a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil to promote stirring and fine dispersion of fine droplets of charged water. The apparatus and method according to item 1. 4. An emulsion fuel oil production chamber is installed at an appropriate position between a fuel injection pump and an injection nozzle of a diesel engine, and a small voltage is applied to the emulsion fuel oil production chamber by a power means to apply a high voltage. Water is ejected from the water ejection hole into the emulsion fuel oil production chamber, and at the same time, diesel fuel oil of the same volume as the ejected water is discharged from the upstream fuel injection pump side, and the water and fuel oil are replaced and mixed, and the emulsion fuel oil 2. The apparatus and method according to claim 1, wherein the balance between the liquid volume and the internal pressure in the vicinity of the generation chamber caused by the water jet at the time of generation is maintained. 5. A high voltage is applied to the emulsion fuel oil generation chamber, and when charged water is jetted from the fine holes, high-frequency vibration is applied to or near the jet holes, or ultrasonic waves are superposed on the jet flow and jetted. The inner surface of the generation chamber that gives fluctuations to a minute region of the flow and can generate complex scattered waves and minute turbulence inside the pressure and velocity waves generated by the operation of the fuel injection pump when they pass through the emulsion fuel oil generation chamber. The apparatus and method of claim 4 having a structure. 6. The method of applying an electromagnetic mechanical action to the flow of the emulsion fuel oil being produced by using a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil to promote stirring and fine dispersion of fine droplets of charged water. The apparatus and method according to item 4.