JPH06173699A - Internal combustion engine for generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a small scale generating system to carry out the efficient stable generation of electrical energy by using a multiple cylinder gas internal combustion engine. CONSTITUTION:The cylinders of a gas internal combustion engine which drives a main generator 3 to obtain generated output are grouped, and energy collecting devices 5, 7 which collect an exhaust system in each group for collecting each exhaust energy as electric power are provided. An energy collecting device having a variable hole opening type (VGS type) turbine which can further collect the residual energy of exhaust gas discharged from the energy collecting devices 5, 7 as the electric power is arranged on the downstream side of the energy collecting devices 5, 7. The groups of cylinders are combined according to the size of wanted electric power, and each cylinder is thereby controlled so as to constantly keep highly effective operation, and the turbine is sufficiently rotated by the exhaust gas discharged from each cylinder to make each energy collecting device efficiently collect the exhaust energy, and moreover a turbine provided on the downstream side of the energy collecting device is efficiently operated by changing its throttle ratio according to the quantity of exhaust gas to collect the exhaust energy as the electric power.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine for a power generator, and more particularly to a control device for a small internal combustion engine for a power generator that can be installed in each customer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The shipping and distribution system adopted in Japan uses a large-scale power generation facility of three parties to generate power by hydropower, thermal power, and nuclear power. The electric power is sent to the substation equipment, and after the substation, the electric power is sent to the power distribution equipment provided in the city, and the required power is distributed from each power distribution equipment to each customer. And
The substation equipment and the power distribution equipment are connected to each other to form a network, and a system is adopted so that power can be exchanged between the power transmission and distribution equipment in the event of an unexpected accident.

[0003]

By the way, the system as described above is functioning extremely effectively at the present time, and there are not so many drawbacks. However, if the shortcoming is compelled, the power loss from the power generation equipment to each customer is lost. Is large, and when an unexpected large-scale accident actually occurs, backup between transmission and distribution facilities cannot be made in time, and a large power failure occurs in a large area. Recently, in order to eliminate such drawbacks, a project of installing a small power generation facility for each customer is under way.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is a small-scale power generation system capable of performing efficient and stable power generation using a small-scale internal combustion engine. To provide.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, the present invention provides a communication passage valve between a sub chamber for gas combustion and a main chamber, and A multi-cylinder engine that uses combustion gas pressure to open the connecting flow path valve, a main generator driven by the engine, and a plurality of exhaust holes of the engine that are grouped together are provided. Further, a turbocharger having a generator, a turbine having a variable injection opening provided downstream of the turbocharger, a generator driven to rotate by the turbine, and a load meter detecting electric power supplied to a load. And a control device for controlling the number of cylinders of the engine by the detected load power and controlling the power generation amount of each of the generators according to the load power amount. provide.

[0006]

The main generator is driven by the gas internal combustion engine of a plurality of cylinders to obtain the generated electric power, and the cylinders of the gas internal combustion engine are grouped, and the exhaust system is collected for each group and exhausted to each group. An energy recovery device for recovering energy as electric power is provided, and energy remaining in exhaust gas discharged from these devices can be further recovered as electric power downstream of these energy recovery measures, VGS (variable turbine nozzle flow passage area).
Type energy recovery device with a turbine, and by combining the above groups according to the amount of power demand, each cylinder is controlled to operate at high efficiency at all times. In the recovery device, the turbine is rotated sufficiently by the high-pressure and high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from each cylinder operated with high efficiency, the exhaust energy is efficiently recovered, and the turbine is exhausted by being provided downstream thereof. The A / R ratio is changed according to the amount of exhaust gas, and this is also operated with high efficiency to recover exhaust energy as electric power, and the recovered electric power is added to the electric power generated from the main generator to distribute to the load. .

[0007]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the whole of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a multi-cylinder type diesel engine, which is a 6-cylinder engine in this embodiment. The fuel of this engine is, for example, natural gas mainly containing butane or propane, and the fuel system is omitted from the drawing in FIG. Reference numeral 1a is a governor for controlling fuel supply to the diesel engine 1. The diesel engine 1 can be operated by dividing each cylinder into groups, and in this embodiment, the cylinder number. No. 1, 5, 6 and cylinder No. 2,
It is divided into two groups of 3 and 4, and each of these groups can function independently by the cylinder control signal described later, or these groups can function at the same time. 6 intake holes 1c of this diesel engine 1
Are put together and inhaled all at once. This intake air is supplied from the compressor described later. The exhaust holes 1d are formed for each group and are connected to a turbine described later.

A main generator 3 is connected to a rotary shaft 1b of the diesel engine 1 and is rotationally driven by the diesel engine 1 to generate electric power. Reference numeral 5 is a kind of turbocharger in which a turbine T and a compressor C are connected to each other by rotating shafts, and the rotating shaft is directly connected to a generator G. The turbine T is a cylinder No. 2, 3, 4 of the diesel engine 1.
Of the diesel engine 1, and the compressor C is connected to the intake hole 1c of the diesel engine 1. Hereinafter, this will be referred to as TCG. Reference numeral 7 denotes a TCG having the same configuration as that of the TCG 5, the turbine T is connected to the exhaust holes 1d of the cylinders Nos. 1, 5, 6 of the diesel engine 1, and the compressor C is connected to the intake hole 1c of the diesel engine 1. There is.

Reference numeral 9 denotes a turbine generator, in which a generator G is coupled to the rotating shaft of the turbine T. This turbine is a VGS type turbine in which the gas inflow area and direction of the turbine nozzle are variable, but the nozzle throttle is not continuously variable, but the first stage ... 1/4 throttle, the second stage ...
Half-throttle, third-stage ... 3 / 4-third, fourth-stage ... fully open, and so on. A load meter 11 measures the electric power supplied to the load. Reference numeral 13 is a regulator. The regulator 13 measures the electric power output from each generator and controls the controller 15 described later.
The generated power signals are sent to the power generator, and the AC power sent from each generator is once converted to DC power, and the power is stored in a power storage device mainly composed of a capacitor, and then this is set to a predetermined voltage and frequency. I converted it to commercial power,
This electric power is supplied to the load via the load meter 11. Reference numeral 15 is a control device. The control device 15 is a control device mainly composed of a microcomputer, and as shown in FIG. 2, when a detection signal from the engine speed sensor 103, the load sensor 104, the crankshaft position sensor 105, or the like is input, a predetermined signal is output. The solenoid valve controller 101 and the spark plug controller 1 are calculated and processed.
In addition to being configured to issue a control command to each 02, the load power from the load meter 11 is constantly monitored, and the total power generated from the main generator 3, TCG5 and TCG7, and the turbine generator 9 is The generated power of each generator is individually adjusted so that the load power supplied by the load meter 11 is always maintained.

The engine used in the power generation system according to the present invention is a novel engine that efficiently burns gas fuel, and its details will be described. FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram showing the gas engine, in which 21 is a piston and 22
Is a cylinder, and a piston head 31 made of ceramics having high strength and heat resistance is attached to an upper portion of the piston 21 on a piston body 32 via a heat shield gasket 33.

A sub-combustion chamber (sub-chamber) 23 made of heat-resistant ceramics is mounted above the cylinder head 41 made of high-strength ceramics, and the sub-chamber 23 and the main combustion chamber (main chamber) 42 are connected to each other. A communication flow path valve 24 that moves downward and opens is disposed in the hole 43, and a stem 61 of the communication flow path valve 24 is held by a shaft hole 51 in an upper part of the sub chamber 23 so as to be movable up and down and a shaft hole 51. The communication hole 43 is opened and closed by driving the electromagnetic mechanism 62 above.

Reference numeral 25 is an air introduction valve, which is a sub chamber 23 and a main chamber 42.
Is installed in an air passage 44 which serves as a sub-flow path between the main chamber 42 and the sub-chamber 23 in the compression stroke and is used as initial combustion air. The air passage 44 is opened by being supported by a bearing 52 above the side wall and energizing an electromagnet 72 provided above. A bush 54 and a bush 53 made of CaP2 O6 plus graphite are embedded in the bearing 52 of the air introduction valve 25 and the shaft hole 51 of the communication flow path valve 24, respectively.

Reference numeral 26 is a spark plug which is mounted on the side wall of the sub chamber above the air passage 44 to perform a spark discharge. An air pocket 55 is provided between the discharge gap 81 and the sub chamber 23. Is provided, and a mixture of air from the air passage 44 and gas from the fuel tank 91 via the gas fuel valve 27 is ignited.

Next, 101 is an electromagnetic valve controller which controls the energization of the electromagnetic mechanism 62 and the electromagnet 72 to open / close the communication flow path valve 24 and the air introduction valve 25, and 102 is an ignition plug controller for ignition. A high voltage energization control is performed on the plug 26, and a control command is issued from the control device 15 to these controllers 101 and 102. Although not shown in FIG. 2 because the drawing becomes complicated, the actual cylinder head 41 has a normal intake valve mechanism connected to the intake hole 1c and an exhaust valve mechanism connected to the normal exhaust hole 1d. It is provided.

The operation of the engine will be briefly described below.
When an intake valve (not shown) opens and the piston 21 starts descending from the uppermost position, fresh air is sucked into the main chamber 42, and the intake valve closes when the piston 21 reaches the very lower end. When the piston 21 starts rising, the air in the main chamber 42 is adiabatically compressed. Shortly before the piston 21 reaches the top dead center, the gas fuel valve 27 opens, and the gas fuel compressed by the fuel pump (not shown) from the fuel tank 91 is introduced into the sub chamber 23. This fuel pump roughly divides the fuel supply amount into four stages such as the first stage, the second stage, the third stage, and the fourth stage according to the size of the load, from the smaller supply amount. It is supplied and further finely adjusted in each stage by a command from the control device 15. Subsequently, when the electromagnet 72 is driven to open the air introduction valve 25, the compressed air is introduced from the air passage 44 into the air pocket 55 and the sub chamber 23. At the same time, the spark plug controller 102
When a spark is generated in the spark plug 26, the gas in the air pocket and the sub chamber starts to burn and expands. At this time, the piston has reached near the top dead center. Then, the solenoid valve controller 101 operates, the electromagnetic mechanism 42 operates, and the communication path valve 24 operates in the opening direction. At this time, the pressure in the sub chamber increased by the combustion of gas serves as an assisting force for the opening operation of the communication passage valve 24.

The flame generated in the sub chamber flows into the main chamber 42 through the communication hole 43, and the combustion gas burns and expands in the main chamber. This expansion force pushes the piston 21 downward, the bottom dead center is reached and the exhaust valve is opened, the combustion gas becomes exhaust gas and flows in the direction of the exhaust hole 1d, and as the piston rises, the main chamber The exhaust gas inside is exhausted. During this process, the communication passage valve 24 and the air introduction valve 25 are closed.

Next, the operation of the control device for the internal combustion engine for the power generator shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. In step 1, the control device 15 detects the load of the engine, that is, the electric power value supplied to the load and the crank angle from the load meter 11 and the crank position sensors 105,
It is stored in the memory in the controller 15. The engine load L detected in step 2 is compared with a first comparative load value L1 (approximately 1/4 of the total load value). When the engine load L is smaller than the comparative load value L1, the routine proceeds to step 3. In step 3, a fuel pump (not shown) provided downstream of the fuel tank 91 is driven, and the control device 15 sends a cylinder control signal to the engine 1 so that the cylinder number. 1, 5, 6
Supply a certain amount of fuel to the
Then, the intake / exhaust valves, fuel valves, communication flow path valves, and air introduction valves of these cylinders are operated to operate the cylinder No. Operate 1, 5, and 6.
At this time, each of these cylinders is operated at 1/2 load. Therefore, the main generator 3 is driven by the output of 1/4 of the full load of the engine 1, and the electric power generated here is sent to the regulator 13. Further, the cylinder No. When Nos. 1, 5, and 6 are in operation, the other cylinders, that is, No. 2, 3,
No. 4 is deactivated, and these are cylinder numbers. It must be kept under the load of 1, 5, and 6. Therefore, in step 7, the pistons of these cylinders are moved to the top dead center T
When the position θr1 immediately before DC is reached, these exhaust valves are opened, air is exhausted, and then the exhaust valves are closed (steps 8 and 9) to render the TCG 5 inoperative (step 1
0), the TCG 7 is operated (step 11), the energy in the exhaust gas is recovered as electricity by the generator, and the regulator 13
Sent to. The controller 15 compares the electric power sent to the regulator 13 with the engine load stored in the memory of the controller, adjusts the fuel supplied to the engine, and balances them. In the above operating state, the exhaust gas discharged from the TCG 7 is small, so the turbine generator 9
Even if the nozzle of No. 1 is narrowed down to the first stage and the A / R ratio is adjusted, the electric power generated here is small.

Next, returning to step 2, when the engine load L is larger than the comparative load value L1, step 1
Go to 2. Here, in the step 2, the detected engine load L is compared with the second comparative load value L2 (approximately 1/2 of the total load value). When the engine load L is smaller than the comparative load value L2, the routine proceeds to step 13. In step 13, a fuel pump (not shown) provided downstream of the fuel tank 91 is driven, and the control device 15 sends a cylinder control signal to the engine 1 so that the cylinder number. A predetermined amount of fuel is supplied to 1, 5, 6 and steps 14, 15,
The intake / exhaust valves, fuel valves, communication flow path valves, and air introduction valves of these cylinders are operated in cylinder No. Operate 1, 5, and 6. At this time, each of these cylinders is operated at full load. Therefore, the main generator 3 is driven with an output of 1/2 of the full load of the engine 1, and the electric power generated here is sent to the regulator 13. Further, the cylinder No. When Nos. 1, 5, and 6 are in operation, the other cylinders, that is, No. 2, 3,
No. 4 is deactivated, and these are cylinder numbers. It must be kept under the load of 1, 5, and 6. Therefore, when the pistons of these cylinders reach the position θr1 immediately before the top dead center TDC in step 17, these exhaust valves are opened, air is exhausted, and then the exhaust valves are closed (steps 18 and 19), The TCG 5 is made inoperative (step 20), the TCG 7 and the turbine generator 9 are operated (step 21), and the energy in the exhaust gas is recovered as electricity by the generator and sent to the regulator 13. The controller 15 compares the electric power sent to the regulator 13 with the engine load stored in the memory in the controller to adjust the fuel supplied to the engine to balance them. It should be noted that in the above operating state, the exhaust gas discharged from the TCG 7 is not so large, so the nozzle of the turbine generator 9 is throttled to the second stage to adjust the A / R ratio to generate power with the highest efficiency. .

Returning to step 12, when the engine load L is larger than the comparative load value L2, the routine proceeds to step 22. Here, the engine load L detected in step 2 is compared with a third comparative load value L3 (approximately 3/4 of the total load value). When the engine load L is smaller than the comparative load value L3, the routine proceeds to step 23. In step 23, a fuel pump (not shown) provided downstream of the fuel tank 91 is driven, and the control device 15 sends a cylinder control signal to the engine 1 to supply a predetermined amount of fuel to all cylinders, and step 24 , 25, 26, all cylinders are operated by operating the intake / exhaust valves, the fuel valve, the communication flow path valve, and the air introduction valve of these cylinders. At this time, these cylinders are respectively operated at 3/4 load. Therefore, the main generator 3 is driven by the output of 3/4 of the full load of the engine 1, and the electric power generated here is sent to the regulator 13. TCG5, TC
G7 is operated (step 27), the nozzle of the turbine is throttled to the third stage, the turbine generator 9 is operated (step 28), the energy in the exhaust gas is recovered as electricity by the generator, and is adjusted to the regulator 13. Sent. The controller 15 compares the electric power sent to the regulator 13 with the engine load stored in the memory in the controller, adjusts the fuel supplied to the engine, and balances them. In the above operating state, the exhaust gas discharged from the TCG 7 is not so large, so the nozzle of the turbine generator 9 is throttled to the third stage to adjust the A / R ratio to generate power with the highest efficiency. .

Returning to step 22, the engine load L detected in step 2 is compared here with a third comparative load value L3 (approximately 3/4 of the total load value).
When the engine load L is equal to or larger than the comparative load value L3, the routine proceeds to step 29. In step 29, a fuel pump (not shown) provided downstream of the fuel tank 91 is driven to the fourth stage, and the control device 15 sends a cylinder control signal to the engine 1 to supply a predetermined amount (maximum supply amount) to all cylinders. While supplying fuel, the intake / exhaust valves, fuel valves, communication passage valves, and air introduction valves of these cylinders are operated in steps 30, 31, and 32 to operate all cylinders. At this time, each of these cylinders is operated at full load. Therefore, the main generator 3 is driven by the output of the full load of the engine 1, and the electric power generated here is sent to the regulator 13. TCG5, TC
G7 is operated (step 33), the nozzle of the turbine of the turbine generator 9 is throttled to the fourth stage (fully opened), the turbine generator 9 is operated (step 34), and the energy in the exhaust gas is generated by the generator. And is sent to the adjuster 13. The control device 15 compares the electric power sent to the regulator 13 with the engine load stored in the memory in the control device, minutely adjusts the fuel supplied to the engine, and balances these.

In the above embodiment, the engine 1 has four cycles, but it may have two cycles.
Further, in the above embodiment, the gas is ignited by the spark plug 26, but if the gas is ignited when the air introduction valve 25 is opened and air is introduced into the air pocket 55, the spark plug is omitted or the ignition operation is performed. May be paused.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, various modifications and applications are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention and are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

[0023]

As described in detail above, the present invention is
The cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine are divided into cylinders so that they can always be operated in a highly efficient state, and the exhaust energy contained in the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from each cylinder is also divided. Since the turbocharger and the turbine generator are configured to recover each efficiently,
By deploying such a power generation system for each customer, there is no loss in the total distribution line, and even if an accident occurs, it is possible for only the customer to contain the failure. Also, the engine
Since the exhaust energy can be efficiently recovered, the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine for the power generator according to the present invention can be improved as compared with the conventional internal combustion engine generator.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing one cylinder of the engine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1-Diesel engine 1a-Governor 1b-Rotating shaft 1c-Intake hole 1d-Exhaust hole 3-Main generator 5- TCG 7 ... TCG 9 ... Turbine generator 11 ... Load meter 13 ... Regulator 15 ... Adjusting device 21 ... Piston 22 ... Cylinder 23 ··· Sub chamber 24 ··· Communication channel valve 25 ··· Air introduction valve 26 ··· Spark plug 27 ··· Gas fuel valve 31 ··· Piston head 32 · · ·・ ・ Piston body 33 ・ ・ ・ ・ Heat shield gasket 41 ・ ・ ・ ・ Cylinder head 42 ・ ・ ・ ・ Main chamber 43 ・ ・ ・ ・ Communication hole 44 ・ ・ ・ ・ Air passage 51 ・ ・ ・ ・ Shaft hole 52 ・ ・... Bearings 53 ... Bushings 54 ... Bushings 55 ... Air pockets 61 ... Stem 62 ... Electromagnetic mechanism 71 ... Stem 72 ... Electromagnet 81 ... Discharge gap 91 ... Fuel tank 101 Electromagnetic valve controller 102 ... Spark plug control Unit 103 ... Revolution sensor 105 ... Crankshaft position sensor

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location F02B 37/02 H 9332-3G 63/04 Z 7541-3G 75/18 N 7541-3G F02D 17 / 02 T 7049-3G C 7049-3G M 7049-3G

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A multi-cylinder type engine in which a communication passage valve is provided between a sub chamber for gas combustion and a main chamber, and the combustion gas pressure in the sub chamber is used for the opening force of the connection passage valve. A main generator driven by the engine, a turbocharger having a generator provided in each of a plurality of exhaust holes of the engine mounted in a group, and a nozzle opening provided downstream of the turbocharger. Degree variable type turbine, a generator driven to rotate by the turbine, a load meter for detecting the electric power supplied to the load, the number of cylinders of the engine is controlled by the detected load electric power, and An internal combustion engine for a power generator, which has a control device that controls the amount of power generated by each of the power generators. 2. The internal combustion engine for a power generator according to claim 1, wherein a spark plug is provided in a sub chamber of the engine.