JPH06124111A - Numerical controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily and highly accurately perform cycle work in a numerical controller for controlling a machine tool for working a prototype or the like. CONSTITUTION:When an operator interactively inputs the graphic data such as a circumference and a quadrangle shape corresponding to guidance information displayed at a display device 16 from a keyboard or the like, a graphic data storage means 1 stores the inputted graphic data. A conversion means 2 calculates a work path for cycle working the graphic data to an NC command and an NC command storage means 3 stores the NC command. Also, an interpolation means 4 outputs an interpolation pulse so as to move a tool along with the work path of the cycle work corresponding to the output of a pulse signal from a jog feeding button and a manual pulse generator on a machine control panel 40. Thus, by freely operating the machine control panel 40 by the operator, the cycle work is easily and accurately performed while confirming a working state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a numerical control device for controlling a machine tool, and more particularly to a numerical control device for controlling a machine tool for machining a prototype or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The technological progress of numerically controlled machine tools is remarkable, and it is possible to machine workpieces with complicated shapes at high speed and with high precision. Further, at present, a workpiece having a complicated shape cannot be processed without a numerically controlled machine tool.

Further, in order to create a machining program for machining, an interactive numerical control device in which an interactive program creating function is added to a numerical controller or an automatic programming device for easily creating a complicated machining program Etc. are widely used.

Of course, in order to use these numerical control devices, it is necessary to precisely define machine coordinates, machine origins, program coordinates, machining origins, etc., and create a rigorous machining program. When machining a large number of workpieces, these interactive numerical control devices and automatic programming devices can be used.

On the other hand, in a part of machining for producing a prototype or a mold, a general milling machine or a general-purpose milling machine that does not require machining program creation because it takes less time for setup such as attachment / detachment of workpieces and attachment of tools. I am trying to use a lathe. The processing in that case is performed solely by the operator's judgment.

However, the number of operators who can use these general-purpose machine tools is decreasing. Also,
Straight line machining is not a problem, but diagonal straight line machining, arc machining, etc. are difficult to machine with these general-purpose machine tools.

On the contrary, when using a general numerically controlled machine tool, it is necessary to accurately define machine coordinates, machine origins, program coordinates, machining origins, etc., which is not impossible, but only for one workpiece. It takes too much programming to process a part.

In order to solve such a problem, the applicant of the present invention has proposed a numerical control device capable of performing simple machining of a prototype or the like by using a general-purpose machine tool in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-23183.
I am applying for No. 6.

[0009]

Such a machine tool is often used when a part of a workpiece is machined.
If the processed shape is relatively simple, you may want to process the final shape. However, in such a machine tool, the operator himself has to calculate all the machining cycles and operate the tools, which makes the work troublesome.

On the contrary, if a general numerical controller is used,
It is necessary to accurately define the machine coordinates, machine origin, program coordinates, machining origin, etc. It takes too much time to machine only one work.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and makes it possible to perform cycle machining easily and accurately by using the function of a numerical controller incorporated in a machine tool. The purpose is to

[0012]

According to the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, in a numerical controller for controlling a machine tool having at least two axes, graphic data for cycle machining interactively input according to guidance information. , A conversion means for calculating a machining path for cycle machining the graphic data and converting it into an NC command, an NC command storage means for storing the NC command, and a tool movement command. A movement command means for outputting a pulse signal, and an interpolation means for outputting an interpolation pulse signal so as to move the tool along the machining path of the cycle machining according to the output of the pulse signal from the movement command means. A numerical controller characterized by having is provided.

[0013]

When the operator interactively inputs circumferential or quadrangular figure data from a keyboard or the like according to the guidance information displayed on the display device, the figure data storage means stores the inputted figure data.

The converting means calculates a machining path for cycle machining the graphic data and converts it into an NC command, and the NC command storing means stores the NC command. Further, the movement command means outputs a pulse signal that commands the movement of the tool. This pulse signal is output according to the operation of the operator.

The interpolating means outputs an interpolating pulse signal so as to move the tool along the machining path of the cycle machining in response to the output of the pulse signal from the movement commanding means. Therefore, by freely operating the movement command means by the operator, it is possible to easily and accurately perform cycle machining while confirming the machining state.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a numerical controller according to the present invention. The graphic data storage means 1 displays guidance information on the display device 16 via the graphic control circuit 15, and stores graphic data interactively input according to the guidance information by the operator operating the keyboard 17. This graphic data also includes command data such as the feed speed F. The stored graphic data may be sent to the display device 16 via the graphic control circuit 15 as needed.
Is displayed in. Details of this graphic data creation procedure will be described later.

The conversion means 2 calculates a machining path for cycle machining the graphic data and converts it into an NC command, and the NC command is stored in the NC command storage means 3. on the other hand,
A selection means 6 is provided for selecting a pulse signal that commands the moving speed of the tool. This selecting means 6 includes
The pulse signal HP from the manual pulse generator 41, the pulse signal GJ corresponding to the ON operation of the jog feed button provided on the machine operation panel 40, or the feed command pulse signal f is input. The feed command pulse signal f is a pulse signal corresponding to a feed speed command F preset with graphic data in accordance with the guidance information. A clock signal CLD from a clock circuit not shown here is used as the feed speed command F. It is generated by dividing the frequency accordingly.

The pulse signal GJ when the jog feed button is turned on is generated as follows. That is, the frequency dividing means 5 has the clock signal CLD and the setting signal SS from the setting switch provided on the machine operation panel 40.
Will be sent. The frequency divider 5 divides the clock signal CLD by the setting signal SS to generate the pulse signal GJ. This pulse signal GJ is sent to the selection means 6 in response to the ON signal of the jog feed button.

Further, in addition to the above-mentioned pulse signals, the selection means 6 receives a "manual" or "automatic" switching signal selected by an operation switching switch provided on the machine operation panel 40. .

If the changeover signal from the operation changeover switch 44 is "manual", the selecting means 6 outputs the pulse signal sent by manual operation, that is, the pulse signal HP from the manual pulse generator 41 or the jog feed button. Any one of the pulse signals GJ from 42 is sent to the interpolation means 4.
Also, the switching signal from the operation selector switch is "automatic".
In that case, after confirming that the cycle start button also provided on the machine operation panel 40 has been pressed, the feed command pulse signal f based on the feed speed command F is sent to the interpolation means 4.

The interpolating means 4 interpolates the pulse signal sent from the selecting means 6 and outputs an interpolated pulse signal. That is, the interpolation pulse signal is generated so as to move the tool along the machining path of the cycle machining, and the interpolation pulse signal is output to the axis control circuit 18. The axis control circuit 18 actually has three axes. The axis control circuit 18 uses the interpolation means 4
The interpolating pulse signal output from is generated to generate a speed command for each axis and the speed command is sent to the servo amplifier 19. Servo amplifier 19
Drives a servomotor attached to the machine tool 20 to control the machine tool 20.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of the numerical control apparatus according to the present invention. Processor 11 is R
The entire numerical control device is controlled according to the system program stored in the OM 12. In the graphic data storage means 1, the conversion means 2, the NC command storage means 3, the interpolation means 4, the frequency division means 5, and the selection means 6 of FIG.
This is a function of software executed by 12 system programs. EPROM or EEPROM is used for the ROM 12. SR in RAM13
AM or the like is used to store temporary data such as input / output signals. For the non-volatile memory 14, a CMOS backed up by a battery (not shown) is used. The nonvolatile memory 14 also stores various data such as parameters and machining programs that should be retained even after the power is turned off.

The graphic control circuit 15 converts the guidance information, the inputted graphic data, the processing cycle, etc. into a displayable signal and gives it to the display device 16. A CRT or a liquid crystal display device is used as the display device 16. The axis control circuit 18 (for three axes) receives the axis movement command including the interpolation pulse signal from the processor 11 and outputs the axis movement command to the servo amplifier 19 (for three axes). The servo amplifier 19 receives this movement command and drives a servo motor (not shown) of the machine tool 20. In addition to the servomotor, the machine tool 20 includes a machine operation panel 40 that is operated to issue a movement command, the details of which will be described later. These components are coupled to each other by a bus 30.

A PMC (Programmable Machine Controller) 22 receives a T function signal (tool selection command) or the like via the bus 30 when executing a machining program. Then, this signal is processed by the sequence program, a signal is output as an operation command, and the machine tool 20 is controlled.
Further, the interactive numerical control device receives a status signal from the machine tool 20, performs a sequence process, and transfers a necessary input signal to the processor 11 via the bus 30.

A software key 23 whose function is changed by a system program or the like is further connected to the bus 30. This software key 23 is used together with the display device 16 and the keyboard 17 in the CRT / MDI.
It is provided on the panel 25.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a machine control panel provided in the machine tool. In the machine operation panel 40 shown in the figure, a manual pulse generator 41, a selection switch 41b, a jog feed button 42, a setting switch 42a, a direction change switch 43,
An operation changeover switch 44 and a cycle start button 45 are provided.

When the handle 41a is rotated left or right, the manual pulse generator 41 generates a pulse signal according to the rotation. This pulse signal is composed of a two-phase pulse for discriminating the rotation direction, and is transmitted via the bus 30 to the processor 1
1 to move the tool.

The selection switch 41b is the manual pulse generator 4
The pulse signal generated in 1 is the X-axis direction (X),
This is a switch for selecting which of the Y-axis direction (Y), the Z-axis direction (Z), and the direction (G) corresponding to the cycle machining path in the graphic data, the pulse signal.

The jog feed button 42 has "+ X", "-"
"+ G", "+ Y", "-Y", "+ Z", and "-Z" axis feed buttons in the plus and minus directions and "+ G"
Eight buttons in total, that is, the plus and minus feed buttons, are provided corresponding to the cycle machining paths in the graphic data of "J" and "-GJ". When performing the above tool movement by operating the jog feed button 42, the "+ GJ" feed button is used. The ON signal when the jog feed button 42 is pressed is sent to the processor 11 via the PMC 22 and the bus 30 and a predetermined process is performed.

The setting switch 42a is a jog feed button 42.
The number of pulses generated within a certain period of time when the operator presses is set, and the setting signal SS is sent to the processor 11 via the PMC 22 and the bus 30, similarly to the ON signal of the jog feed button 42. It is processed by the frequency dividing means 5 described above.

The direction changeover switch 43 is the selection switch 4
When "G" is selected in 1b and the manual pulse generator 41 is operated, the tool is caused to move in parallel along a designated shape created in advance according to guidance information, or to move vertically to the designated shape. This is a switch for selecting and switching one of the movements. When the direction changeover switch 43 is set to "H", the tool moves in parallel, while when set to "V", it moves vertically.

As described above, the operation changeover switch 44 is a switch for selecting and switching between manual movement and automatic movement of the tool based on the graphic data. When the operation changeover switch 44 is set to "M", the tool is manually moved, and when it is "Au", the tool is automatically moved according to the feed speed command F.

The cycle start button 45 is a switch for activating the automatic feed when the operation changeover switch 44 is switched to "Au". That is, when the cycle start button 45 is pressed when the tool is to be moved to the next machining position, the tool automatically performs cycle machining.

Next, the procedure for performing cycle machining by the guidance function will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a graphic data input screen for cycle machining a circle pocket. The graphic data input screen for the circle pocket cycle machining is displayed on the display screen of the display device 16. In the upper left part of the graphic data input screen, a current position display field 51 for displaying the current position of the tool, in the upper right part of the screen is a tool status display field 52 for displaying the current status of the tool, and in the lower part of the screen is a graphic. Data input screens 53 for inputting data are displayed respectively.

The current position display field 51 is provided with an X coordinate field, a Y coordinate field, and a Z coordinate field as the current position of the tool. Further, the tool state display field 52 is provided with a distance display field for displaying the distance (D) between the tool and the designated shape and a tool diameter display field (φ) for displaying the tool diameter (φ).

On the right side of the data input screen 53, a finish state diagram 53a of circle pocket cycle machining is displayed. This finished state diagram 53a shows the center point (X,
Y), radius R, finishing allowance V, tool diameter φ, and feed rate F. Corresponding to each element for determining the finishing state, on the left side of the data input screen 53, a center point X, Y input field 53b, a radius input field 53c, a finishing allowance input field 53d, a tool diameter input field 53e, and A feed rate input field 53f is provided.

If the input value of the radius R is a positive value, the tool moves clockwise, and if the input value is a negative value, the tool moves counterclockwise. The finishing allowance V is the amount of cutting for finishing in the case of finish cutting, and when this value is not set or is 0, finish cutting is not performed. If the value is positive, rough machining is performed while leaving the finishing allowance in the designated shape, and if the value is negative, rough machining is performed by cutting the finishing allowance into the designated shape.

In addition to the above-mentioned data input field, a message display field 53g and a soft key menu field 53h are provided. When the data in each input field is input, graphic data for circle pocket cycle machining is generated and stored in the graphic data storage means 1. Then, in the message display field 53g, a message "Press [start]" is displayed blinking. When the function key on the keyboard 17 corresponding to [Start] in the soft key menu field 53f is pressed according to this message, the tool is automatically moved to the pocket center position, and the cycle machining by the guidance function is started.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific procedure of the cycle processing of the circular pocket. Here, it is assumed that the tool 61 is initially at the position of the point P and the designated shape 60 at the pocket center position Q is cycled. Further, it is assumed that the prepared hole at the pocket center position Q has already been opened. When the operator presses [Start] in the softkey menu field 53f,
The tool 61 automatically moves from the position of the point P to the pocket center position Q.

When this movement is completed, the operator operates the handle 41a and the jog feed button (GJ) 42 to start pocket machining. The tool 61 first cuts from the pocket center position Q in the X-axis direction by the cutting width. Then, cutting is performed along the circle r1. When the cutting along the circle r1 is completed, the cutting is performed in the same manner as the circles r2, r3, ... rn, and when the cutting to the designated shape 60 is completed,
The tool 61 automatically moves to the pocket center position Q and stops.

In this cycle machining, when the handle 41a is used, the selection switch 41 of the machine operation panel 40 is used.
b is "G", the operation changeover switch 44 is "M", the direction changeover switch 43 is "H", and the handle 41a is turned to the right. The moving speed of the tool 61 is proportional to the rotating speed of the handle 41a. When the handle 41a is turned counterclockwise, the tool 61 reverses the cutting path.

On the other hand, when the jog feed button 42 is used, similarly, the selection switch 41b is set to "G", the operation changeover switch 44 is set to "M", the direction changeover switch 43 is set to "H", and the jog feed button 42 is set to " Press "+ GJ". While the jog feed button 42 is being pressed, the tool 61 moves at the feed speed set by the setting switch 42a.
When the "-GJ" of the jog feed button 42 is pressed, the tool 6
1 reverses the cutting path.

Further, in this embodiment, in addition to using the handle 41a and the jog feed button 42, automatic feed can be performed. When performing this automatic feeding, the operation changeover switch 44 is "Au" and the direction changeover switch 43 is "H".
And press the cycle start button 45. As a result, the tool 61 moves at the feed speed F input on the screen of FIG. 4 and automatically performs cycle machining.

The selection of whether to move the tool 61 manually by the handle 41a or the jog feed button 42 or automatically can be made even while the tool 61 is moving.
For example, when it is desired to switch to the automatic feeding while the tool 61 is being moved by the handle 41a, the operation switching switch 44 is switched from "M" to "Au" to immediately switch to the automatic feeding. Similarly, the jog feed button 42
Can be automatically fed, or vice versa, all can be performed only by switching the operation changeover switch 44.

Thus, in this embodiment, the designated shape 60
Since the tool 61 can be cycled by a desired feed operation, the cycle processing can be performed easily and accurately while confirming the processing state.

In the above description, the case of making a circular pocket has been described, but other processing, for example, other pocket processing such as a square pocket or a track pocket, and other shapes such as flat surface processing and side surface processing. The same can be applied when processing is performed.

In the above description, the milling machine is assumed, but the invention can be applied to other machine tools such as a lathe. Moreover, such a guidance function can be incorporated in a normal numerical control device,
It can also be configured as a special inexpensive numerical control device.

[0048]

As described above, according to the present invention, the tool is moved along the machining path of the cycle machining according to the output of the pulse signal from the movement command means, so that the operator can freely move the command means. By operating, it is possible to easily and accurately perform cycle machining while checking the machining state.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a numerical controller according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of a numerical controller according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a machine control panel.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a graphic data input screen for cycle machining a circle pocket.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific procedure of cycle processing of a circular pocket.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 graphic data storage means 2 conversion means 3 NC command storage means 4 interpolation means 5 frequency division means 6 selection means 12 ROM 13 RAM 14 non-volatile memory 15 graphic control circuit 16 display device 17 keyboard 18 axis control circuit 19 servo amplifier 20 machine tool 40 Machine Operation Panel 41 Manual Pulse Generator 41b Selection Switch 42 Jog Feed Button 42a Setting Switch 43 Changeover Switch 44 Operation Changeover Switch 45 Cycle Start Button

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location 9064-3H G05B 19/403 S

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A numerical controller for controlling a machine tool having at least two axes, wherein graphic data storage means for storing graphic data for cycle machining interactively input according to guidance information, and cycle machining for the graphic data. A conversion means for calculating a machining path for converting to an NC command, an NC command storage means for storing the NC command, a movement command means for outputting a pulse signal for commanding the movement of the tool, and the movement command means An interpolating unit that outputs an interpolating pulse signal so as to move the tool along a machining path of the cycle machining according to the output of the pulse signal. 2. The movement command means is an automatic feed speed command preset with a manual pulse generator, a jog feed button, and the graphic data. A pulse signal from the manual pulse generator and the jog feed are provided. 2. The numerical controller according to claim 1, further comprising selection means for selecting one of a pulse signal by a button and a feed speed command pulse signal by the automatic feed speed command. 3. The numerical controller according to claim 1, wherein the axes that move according to the interpolation pulse signal are two axes of X and Y.