JPH06119666A - Magneto-optical recording medium - Google Patents

Magneto-optical recording medium

Info

Publication number
JPH06119666A
JPH06119666A JP26838992A JP26838992A JPH06119666A JP H06119666 A JPH06119666 A JP H06119666A JP 26838992 A JP26838992 A JP 26838992A JP 26838992 A JP26838992 A JP 26838992A JP H06119666 A JPH06119666 A JP H06119666A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
recording
magnetic film
magnetic
film
reproducing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP26838992A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshihiko Kudo
嘉彦 工藤
Yasumori Hino
泰守 日野
Masahiro Orukawa
正博 尾留川
Norio Miyatake
範夫 宮武
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP26838992A priority Critical patent/JPH06119666A/en
Publication of JPH06119666A publication Critical patent/JPH06119666A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decrease the crosstalks from proximity tracks and to lessen noise generation by the information remaining without being erased by reading the stored information only out of the part of a reproducing light spot below the Curie temp. of a transfer magnetic film. CONSTITUTION:The Curie temps. and coercive forces of the reproducing magnetic film 66, the transfer magnetic film 67 and the recording magnetic film 68, designated as Tc1, Tc2, Tc3 and Hc1, Hc2, Hc3, are set at Tc2<Tc1, Tc2<Tc3 and Hc1<Hc2 from room temp. to Tc2. A region 65 above the temp. Tc2 of the magnetic film 67 annihilates magnetization by irradiation with reproducing light 63 at the time of reproduction and therefore, the exchange bond between the magnetic films 66 and 68 corresponding to the part is shut off and the magnetization of the magnetic film 66 is in the direction of the magnetic field 61 for reproduction. The recorded information is then read only out of the part of the temp. Tc2 or below in the part of the reproducing light spot 64 and the recording magnetic domain smaller than the spot 64 is reproduced without the waveform interference from the previous recording magnetic domain and further, there is no recording magnetic domain in the inter-recording track part 66a of the magnetic film 66, and therefore, the crosstalks from the proximity tracks are decreased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はレーザ光による温度上昇
を利用して記録消去を行い、磁気光学効果を利用して再
生を行う光磁気記録媒体及びその作製方法に関するもの
である。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magneto-optical recording medium in which recording and erasing are performed by utilizing a temperature rise due to a laser beam, and reproduction is performed by utilizing a magneto-optical effect, and a manufacturing method thereof.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】光磁気記録媒体への記録は、レーザ光照
射により記録膜を局部的に補償温度以上の保磁力の小さ
い温度、もしくはキュリー温度以上に加熱し、照射部の
記録膜を外部磁界の向きに磁化させ、記録磁区を形成す
ることによって行う(熱磁気記録)。また、その記録信
号の再生は、記録消去時のレーザパワーより低いパワー
のレーザ光照射により記録膜の記録状態(記録磁区の磁
化の向き)に応じて反射光あるいは透過光の偏光面が回
転する(磁気光学効果)状況を検出することによって行
う。
2. Description of the Related Art Recording on a magneto-optical recording medium is carried out by locally irradiating a recording film by irradiation with a laser beam to a temperature having a small coercive force higher than a compensation temperature or a Curie temperature and irradiating an external magnetic field on the recording film. It is performed by magnetizing in the direction of (1) to form a recording magnetic domain (thermomagnetic recording). Further, in reproducing the recording signal, the polarization plane of the reflected light or the transmitted light is rotated according to the recording state (magnetization direction of the recording magnetic domain) of the recording film by irradiation with laser light having a power lower than the laser power at the time of recording / erasing. (Magneto-optical effect) It is performed by detecting the situation.

【0003】また、従来の記録方式には、一定強度のレ
ーザ光を照射して記録膜の温度を上昇させ、記録信号に
応じて向きの変調された外部磁界で熱磁気記録する方式
(磁界変調記録方式)および一定強度の外部磁界のもと
で記録信号に応じて強度の変調されたレーザ光を照射し
て記録膜の温度を局部的に上昇させて熱磁気記録する方
式(光変調記録方式)がある。
In the conventional recording method, a laser beam of a constant intensity is irradiated to raise the temperature of the recording film, and thermomagnetic recording is performed by an external magnetic field whose direction is modulated according to a recording signal (magnetic field modulation). (Recording method) and a method of irradiating a laser beam whose intensity is modulated according to a recording signal under an external magnetic field of constant intensity to locally raise the temperature of the recording film and perform thermomagnetic recording (optical modulation recording method). ).

【0004】従来の一般的光磁気記録媒体では、記録磁
区が再生光スポット径以下に小さくなると、再生しよう
とする記録磁区の前後の記録磁区も再生光の検出範囲に
含まれ、それらからの干渉により再生信号が小さくなる
ためにS/Nが低下するという課題を有していた。
In the conventional general magneto-optical recording medium, when the recording magnetic domain becomes smaller than the reproducing light spot diameter, the recording magnetic domains before and after the recording magnetic domain to be reproduced are also included in the detection range of the reproducing light, and interference from them occurs. Therefore, there is a problem in that the reproduction signal becomes small and the S / N decreases.

【0005】また、記録トラックの間隔を再生光スポッ
ト径以下に狭くすると、隣接トラックからのクロストー
クが増加し、再生ジッターとなるために、トラック記録
密度の向上の妨げとなっていた。
Further, if the distance between the recording tracks is made smaller than the reproducing light spot diameter, crosstalk from the adjacent tracks increases and reproduction jitter occurs, which hinders improvement of the track recording density.

【0006】そこで図7に示すような構成の光磁気記録
媒体が提案されている。図7において、(a)は上面
図、(b)は側断面図である。
Therefore, a magneto-optical recording medium having the structure shown in FIG. 7 has been proposed. In FIG. 7, (a) is a top view and (b) is a side sectional view.

【0007】71は記録及び再生用磁界、72は再生
光、73は再生光スポット、74は記録磁区、75は温
度Tc以上の領域、76は低保磁力の磁性膜からなる再
生磁性膜、77は低いキュリー温度を有する磁性膜から
なる転写磁性膜、78は高保磁力の磁性膜からなる記録
磁性膜であって、再生磁性膜76,転写磁性膜77及び
記録磁性膜78は交換結合していて3層で記録層を構成
している。情報は記録磁性膜78に記録磁区74として
記録用磁界71の下で熱磁気記録されているが、記録磁
性膜78の記録磁区74は転写磁性膜77を介して再生
磁性膜76に転写され、再生磁性膜76の磁化は記録磁
性膜78の磁化の向きに揃えられている。再生時には再
生光照射によって転写磁性膜77の一部分75の温度が
そのキュリー温度Tc以上に上昇して磁化を消失するた
め、その部分に対応する再生磁性膜76と記録磁性膜7
8の間の交換結合が遮断され、その部分に対応する再生
磁性膜76の磁化は再生用磁界71の向きに揃えられ
る。
Reference numeral 71 is a recording / reproducing magnetic field, 72 is a reproducing light, 73 is a reproducing light spot, 74 is a recording magnetic domain, 75 is a region having a temperature of Tc or higher, 76 is a reproducing magnetic film made of a magnetic film having a low coercive force, and 77. Is a transfer magnetic film made of a magnetic film having a low Curie temperature, 78 is a recording magnetic film made of a magnetic film having a high coercive force, and the reproducing magnetic film 76, the transfer magnetic film 77 and the recording magnetic film 78 are exchange-coupled. The recording layer is composed of three layers. Information is thermomagnetically recorded on the recording magnetic film 78 as recording magnetic domains 74 under the recording magnetic field 71. The recording magnetic domains 74 of the recording magnetic film 78 are transferred to the reproducing magnetic film 76 via the transfer magnetic film 77, The magnetization of the reproducing magnetic film 76 is aligned with the magnetization direction of the recording magnetic film 78. During reproduction, the temperature of a portion 75 of the transfer magnetic film 77 rises above the Curie temperature Tc due to reproduction light irradiation and the magnetization disappears. Therefore, the reproduction magnetic film 76 and the recording magnetic film 7 corresponding to that portion.
The exchange coupling between the two is cut off, and the magnetization of the reproducing magnetic film 76 corresponding to that portion is aligned in the direction of the reproducing magnetic field 71.

【0008】従って、再生光スポットのうちで温度Tc
以下の部分からのみ記憶情報を再生信号として読み出す
ことができる。これで再生光スポットの大きさよりも小
さな記録磁区を前の記録磁区からの波形干渉なしで再生
できることになる。
Therefore, the temperature Tc of the reproducing light spot is
The stored information can be read out as a reproduction signal only from the following portions. As a result, a recording magnetic domain smaller than the size of the reproducing light spot can be reproduced without waveform interference from the previous recording magnetic domain.

【0009】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記のよ
うな従来の光磁気記録媒体では、記録トラックの長さ方
向の線記録密度は向上できるが、図7に示されているよ
うに再生光スポットのうち情報再生可能領域であるTc
以下の部分の範囲が記録トラックの幅方向にはあまり狭
くならないため、記録トラックの間隔を再生光スポット
径以下に狭くすると、記録トラックからはみ出して記録
されるような条件になった場合に隣接トラックからのク
ロストークが増加し、トラック記録密度は向上できない
という課題を有していた。
However, in the conventional magneto-optical recording medium as described above, although the linear recording density in the length direction of the recording track can be improved, as shown in FIG. Of which, Tc, which is the information reproducible area
Since the range of the following part does not become too narrow in the width direction of the recording track, if the recording track interval is made smaller than the reproducing light spot diameter, and if the recording condition exceeds the recording track, the adjacent track will be recorded. However, there is a problem that the crosstalk from the disk increases and the track recording density cannot be improved.

【0010】さらに、熱磁気記録する際に記録レーザパ
ワーが高いほど記録磁区が記録トラックの幅方向に拡大
するため、高いレーザパワーで記録して低いレーザパワ
ーで消去した場合には記録トラックの端部分あるいは記
録トラックからはみ出した部分の記録磁区の消去残りが
発生し、ノイズ発生の原因になるという課題を有してい
た。
Further, when thermomagnetic recording is performed, the higher the recording laser power is, the larger the recording magnetic domain is in the width direction of the recording track. Therefore, when recording is performed with a high laser power and erased with a low laser power, the end of the recording track is increased. There is a problem in that a recording magnetic domain in a portion or a portion protruding from a recording track is left unerased, which causes noise.

【0011】本発明は上記課題に鑑み、記録磁区間の波
形干渉および近接トラックからのクロストークを低減し
て記録密度を向上し、かつ記録消去パワーの変動に対し
ても記録磁区の消去残りによるノイズ発生が少ない高性
能の光磁気記録媒体及びその作製方法を提供するもので
ある。
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention reduces the waveform interference in the recording magnetic domain and the crosstalk from the adjacent tracks to improve the recording density, and causes the recording domain to remain unerased even when the recording / erasing power fluctuates. The present invention provides a high-performance magneto-optical recording medium with less noise generation and a method for manufacturing the same.

【0012】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明の光磁気記録媒体は、基板上に磁気的に結合
している再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及び記録磁性膜からな
る記録層を有し、前記記録磁性膜に記録信号を磁区とし
て記録し、前記転写磁性膜が前記記録磁性膜の記録磁区
を前記再生磁性膜に転写し、前記再生磁性膜に転写され
た前記記録磁区が磁気光学効果により光学信号に変換さ
れることによって再生信号として再生される構成であっ
て、前記再生磁性膜,前記転写磁性膜,前記記録磁性膜
のキュリー温度及び保磁力をそれぞれTc1,Tc2,
Tc3及びHc1,Hc2,Hc3とした時、Tc2<
Tc1,Tc2<Tc3でかつ室温からTc2付近まで
においてHc1<Hc3であるように設定するととも
に、前記再生磁性膜,前記転写磁性膜及び前記記録磁性
膜のうち少なくとも一つの磁性膜の記録トラック間に位
置する部分の磁気特性を劣化させるという構成を備えた
ものであり、本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作製方法は、基
板上に磁気的に結合している再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及
び記録磁性膜からなる記録層を有してなる光磁気記録媒
体にレーザ光を照射し、記録層の記録トラック間に位置
する部分のみを熱処理することにより、各磁性膜のうち
少なくとも一つ磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分
の磁気特性を劣化させるという構成を備えているもので
ある。
In order to solve the above problems, a magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention is a recording comprising a reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film and a recording magnetic film magnetically coupled to a substrate. A recording signal is recorded on the recording magnetic film as a magnetic domain, the transfer magnetic film transfers the recording magnetic domain of the recording magnetic film to the reproducing magnetic film, and the recording magnetic domain transferred to the reproducing magnetic film. Is reproduced as a reproduction signal by being converted into an optical signal by the magneto-optical effect, and the Curie temperature and coercive force of the reproducing magnetic film, the transfer magnetic film, and the recording magnetic film are Tc1, Tc2, and Tc2, respectively.
When Tc3 and Hc1, Hc2, Hc3 are set, Tc2 <
Tc1, Tc2 <Tc3 and Hc1 <Hc3 from room temperature to near Tc2 are set, and between the recording tracks of at least one of the reproducing magnetic film, the transfer magnetic film and the recording magnetic film. The method for producing a magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention comprises a reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film and a recording magnetic film magnetically coupled on a substrate. At least one of the magnetic films is recorded by irradiating a magneto-optical recording medium having a recording layer made of a film with laser light and heat-treating only a portion of the recording layer located between recording tracks. It is provided with a structure that deteriorates the magnetic characteristics of the portion located between the tracks.

【0013】[0013]

【作用】図6を用いて本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作用に
ついて説明する。図6は本発明の光磁気記録媒体の模式
図であるが、これは図7に示す従来の光磁気記録媒体に
おいて、記録磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分の
磁気特性を劣化させた構成となっている。図6におい
て、61は記録及び再生用磁界、62は初期化磁界、6
3は再生光、64は再生光スポット、65は温度Tc2
以上の領域、66は保磁力Hc1の再生磁性膜、67は
キュリー温度Tc2である転写磁性膜、68は保磁力H
c3の記録磁性膜、69は記録磁区であって、記録磁性
膜68の記録トラック間に位置する部分68aの磁気特
性は劣化させてあり、この部分は転写磁性膜67の対応
する部分67aとの磁気結合が小さい。
The operation of the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention. This is a structure in which the magnetic characteristics of the portion of the conventional magneto-optical recording medium shown in FIG. 7 located between the recording tracks of the recording magnetic film are deteriorated. Has become. In FIG. 6, 61 is a recording / reproducing magnetic field, 62 is an initialization magnetic field, and 6
3 is reproduction light, 64 is reproduction light spot, and 65 is temperature Tc2
The above area, 66 is a reproducing magnetic film having a coercive force Hc1, 67 is a transfer magnetic film having a Curie temperature Tc2, and 68 is a coercive force H.
The recording magnetic film c3 and 69 are recording magnetic domains, and the magnetic characteristics of the portion 68a of the recording magnetic film 68 located between the recording tracks are deteriorated. This portion is different from the corresponding portion 67a of the transfer magnetic film 67. Magnetic coupling is small.

【0014】ここで、情報は記録磁性膜68の記録磁区
69として記録用磁界61の下で熱磁気記録されている
が、記録磁性膜68の記録磁区69は転写磁性膜67を
介して再生磁性膜66に転写され、再生磁性膜66の磁
化は記録磁性膜68の磁化の向きに揃えられている。た
だし、記録磁性膜68の記録トラック間に位置する部分
68aの磁気特性は劣化させてあるので、記録時に記録
磁性膜68の記録トラックをはみ出して記録磁区が形成
されるような記録条件下であってもこの部分68aに記
録磁区と同一の磁区は形成されず、また、この部分68
aとの磁気結合が小さい再生磁性膜66及び転写磁性膜
67の記録トラック間に位置する部分66a及び67a
の磁化は初期化磁界62の向きに揃えられている。
Here, information is thermomagnetically recorded as the recording magnetic domains 69 of the recording magnetic film 68 under the recording magnetic field 61, but the recording magnetic domains 69 of the recording magnetic film 68 are reproduced magnetically via the transfer magnetic film 67. The magnetization of the reproducing magnetic film 66 transferred to the film 66 is aligned with the magnetization direction of the recording magnetic film 68. However, since the magnetic characteristics of the portion 68a located between the recording tracks of the recording magnetic film 68 are deteriorated, the recording condition is such that a recording magnetic domain is formed by protruding the recording track of the recording magnetic film 68 during recording. However, the same magnetic domain as the recording magnetic domain is not formed in this portion 68a.
The portions 66a and 67a located between the recording tracks of the reproducing magnetic film 66 and the transfer magnetic film 67 having a small magnetic coupling with a.
Magnetization is aligned with the direction of the initializing magnetic field 62.

【0015】再生時には再生光照射によって転写磁性膜
67の一部分65の温度がそのキュリー温度Tc2以上
に上昇して磁化を消失するため、その部分に対応する再
生磁性膜66と記録磁性膜68の間の交換結合が遮断さ
れ、その部分に対応する再生磁性膜66の磁化は再生用
磁界61の向きに揃えられる。
During reproduction, the temperature of a portion 65 of the transfer magnetic film 67 rises above its Curie temperature Tc2 due to irradiation of reproducing light, and the magnetization disappears. Therefore, between the reproducing magnetic film 66 and the recording magnetic film 68 corresponding to that portion. Exchange coupling is blocked, and the magnetization of the reproducing magnetic film 66 corresponding to that portion is aligned in the direction of the reproducing magnetic field 61.

【0016】従って、再生光スポットのうちで温度Tc
2以下の部分からのみ記憶情報を再生信号として読み出
すことができ、再生光スポットの大きさよりも小さな記
録磁区を前の記録磁区からの波形干渉なしで再生でき
る。さらに、再生磁性膜66の記録トラック間に位置す
る部分66aには記録レーザパワーの大小に関係なく記
録磁区は存在しないので、近接トラックからのクロスト
ークが低減され、かつ記録消去パワーの変動に対しても
記録磁区の消去残りによるノイズ発生も減少することに
なる。
Therefore, the temperature Tc of the reproducing light spot is
The stored information can be read out as the reproduction signal only from the portion of 2 or less, and the recording magnetic domain smaller than the size of the reproducing light spot can be reproduced without the waveform interference from the previous recording magnetic domain. Further, since the recording magnetic domain does not exist in the portion 66a of the reproducing magnetic film 66 located between the recording tracks regardless of the magnitude of the recording laser power, the crosstalk from the adjacent tracks is reduced and the fluctuation of the recording / erasing power is suppressed. However, noise generation due to the unerased portion of the recording magnetic domain is also reduced.

【0017】ところで、以上の説明においては記録磁性
膜68の記録トラック間に位置する部分68aの磁気特
性を劣化させた場合について説明したが、再生磁性膜6
6または転写磁性膜67の記録トラック間に位置する部
分66aまたは67aの磁気特性を劣化させた場合でも
同様な流れで同様な作用が得られる。当然、各磁性膜の
うち二つまたは全ての磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置す
る部分の磁気特性を劣化させた場合も同様である。ここ
で、再生磁性膜66の記録トラック間に位置する部分6
6aの磁気特性を劣化させている場合には、記録トラッ
ク間に位置する部分66aからの磁気光学効果による再
生出力が非常に小さいので初期化磁界62は不要とな
る。
In the above description, the case where the magnetic characteristics of the portion 68a of the recording magnetic film 68 located between the recording tracks is deteriorated has been described.
6 or the magnetic properties of the portion 66a or 67a located between the recording tracks of the transfer magnetic film 67 are deteriorated, the same operation can be obtained with the same flow. Of course, the same is true when the magnetic characteristics of the portions of the magnetic films located between the recording tracks of two or all of the magnetic films are deteriorated. Here, the portion 6 located between the recording tracks of the reproducing magnetic film 66.
When the magnetic characteristics of 6a are deteriorated, since the reproduction output by the magneto-optical effect from the portion 66a located between the recording tracks is very small, the initialization magnetic field 62 becomes unnecessary.

【0018】また、極カー効果を用いて再生を行う場合
は、各磁性膜は垂直磁化膜であるのがよく、極カー効果
以外の磁気光学効果を用いて再生を行う場合は、各磁性
膜は面内磁化膜であってもよい。
When reproducing using the polar Kerr effect, each magnetic film is preferably a perpendicular magnetization film, and when reproducing using a magneto-optical effect other than the polar Kerr effect, each magnetic film is used. May be an in-plane magnetized film.

【0019】次に、本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作製方法
は前記構成によって、以下のように本発明の光磁気記録
媒体を作製する。すなわち、基板上に記録層として磁気
的に結合している再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及び記録磁性
膜を成膜するが、このままの状態では記録トラック間隔
を縮めた時の隣接トラックからのクロストークの増加や
記録消去パワーの変動に対する記録磁区の消去残りによ
るノイズ発生を抑制できない。そこで、成膜後に記録層
の記録トラック間に位置する部分のみにレーザ光を照射
して熱処理を行うことにより、記録層を構成する各磁性
膜のうち少なくとも一つの磁性膜のその部分のみの磁気
特性を劣化させて磁性膜本来の大きな磁気光学効果や磁
化や垂直磁気異方性等を奪うのである。ここで、レーザ
光照射は記録レーザパワーの数倍の強度で行われるが、
基板と記録層との間に誘電体保護膜を有する光磁気記録
媒体の微小領域を極短時間で照射する方法であるため、
記録膜の温度が数百度上昇してもプラスチック基板に有
害な損傷を与えることなく記録膜の熱処理ができる。
Next, according to the method for producing the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention, the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention is produced as follows with the above configuration. That is, a reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film, and a recording magnetic film, which are magnetically coupled, are formed as a recording layer on the substrate. In this state, the crosstalk from the adjacent tracks when the recording track interval is shortened. It is not possible to suppress the generation of noise due to the unerased portion of the recording magnetic domain with respect to the increase of the recording power and the fluctuation of the recording / erasing power. Therefore, by irradiating only the portion of the recording layer located between the recording tracks with the laser light after the film formation to perform heat treatment, at least one of the magnetic films constituting the recording layer is magnetically affected only in that portion. The characteristics are deteriorated, and the large magneto-optical effect, magnetization, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, etc. inherent in the magnetic film are lost. Here, the laser light irradiation is performed with an intensity of several times the recording laser power,
Since it is a method of irradiating a minute area of a magneto-optical recording medium having a dielectric protective film between the substrate and the recording layer in an extremely short time,
Even if the temperature of the recording film rises by several hundreds, the recording film can be heat-treated without damaging the plastic substrate.

【0020】[0020]

【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例の光磁気記録媒体に
ついて、図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施
例における光磁気記録媒体の構成を示すものである。図
1において、10は記録及び再生用磁界、11は再生
光、12はポリカーボネイトからなる基板、13及び1
7はSiN膜からなる保護層、14はキュリー温度Tc
1,保磁力Hc1であるGdFeCo膜からなる再生磁
性膜、15はキュリー温度Tc2,保磁力Hc2である
TbFe膜からなる転写磁性膜、16はキュリー温度T
c3,保磁力Hc3であるTbFeCo膜からなる記録
磁性膜、18は記録磁区であり、再生磁性膜14,転写
磁性膜15及び記録磁性膜16は垂直磁化膜であって磁
気結合しており、これらの磁性膜から記録層19が構成
されている。ここで基板12上の各膜はスパッタリング
法または真空蒸着法により形成し、各膜厚は保護層13
及び17を80nm、再生磁性膜14を40nm、転写
磁性膜15を10nm、記録磁性膜16を50nmと設
定した。また、キュリー温度はTc1を300℃、Tc
2を120℃、Tc3を230℃、保磁力は室温におい
てHc1を100エルステッド前後、Hc2を3キロエ
ルステッド前後、Hc3を15キロエルステッド前後に
設定した。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A magneto-optical recording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the structure of the magneto-optical recording medium in this embodiment. In FIG. 1, 10 is a recording and reproducing magnetic field, 11 is reproducing light, 12 is a substrate made of polycarbonate, and 13 and 1
7 is a protective layer made of a SiN film, 14 is a Curie temperature Tc
1, a reproducing magnetic film made of a GdFeCo film having a coercive force Hc1, 15 a Curie temperature Tc2, a transfer magnetic film made of a TbFe film having a coercive force Hc2, 16 a Curie temperature T
c3, a recording magnetic film made of a TbFeCo film having a coercive force Hc3, 18 is a recording magnetic domain, and the reproducing magnetic film 14, the transfer magnetic film 15 and the recording magnetic film 16 are perpendicularly magnetized films and are magnetically coupled. The recording layer 19 is composed of the magnetic film. Here, each film on the substrate 12 is formed by a sputtering method or a vacuum evaporation method, and each film has a thickness of the protective layer 13.
And 17 were set to 80 nm, the reproducing magnetic film 14 was set to 40 nm, the transfer magnetic film 15 was set to 10 nm, and the recording magnetic film 16 was set to 50 nm. The Curie temperature is Tc1 300 ° C, Tc1
2 was 120 ° C., Tc3 was 230 ° C., and coercive force was set to Hc1 of around 100 Oersted, Hc2 of around 3 kilo Oersted, and Hc3 of around 15 kilo Oersted at room temperature.

【0021】図3に上記構成の光磁気記録媒体の作製装
置の概略を示す。31は基板上に上記の各層を形成済み
の光磁気記録媒体(便宜上、記録層以外の各層の表示は
省略している。)、32は基板、33は記録層の記録ト
ラック間に位置する部分、33aは記録トラック間の熱
処理済みの部分、34は記録層の記録トラックとして用
いられる部分、35は熱処理用レーザ光、36は光学ヘ
ッド、37はスピンドルモータである。
FIG. 3 shows an outline of an apparatus for producing a magneto-optical recording medium having the above structure. Reference numeral 31 is a magneto-optical recording medium in which the above layers have been formed on the substrate (for convenience, the layers other than the recording layer are not shown), 32 is the substrate, and 33 is a portion located between the recording tracks of the recording layer. , 33a is a heat-treated portion between recording tracks, 34 is a portion used as a recording track of a recording layer, 35 is a laser beam for heat treatment, 36 is an optical head, and 37 is a spindle motor.

【0022】光磁気記録媒体31を2m/sec以上の
速度で定速回転させ、通常の記録レーザパワーの2倍以
上の強度の熱処理用レーザ光35を記録トラック間部3
3にのみ照射するように光学ヘッド36を制御しながら
熱処理を行ない、熱処理済み記録トラック間部33aを
形成する。
The magneto-optical recording medium 31 is rotated at a constant speed of 2 m / sec or more, and the heat treatment laser beam 35 having an intensity twice or more the normal recording laser power is applied to the inter-recording track portion 3.
The heat treatment is performed while controlling the optical head 36 so as to irradiate only No. 3 to form the heat treated recording track portion 33a.

【0023】この時、記録層のうち再生磁性膜の熱処理
済みの記録トラック間部分33a及び記録トラック部分
34における膜面垂直方向のカーヒステリシスループを
図4に示す。熱処理によって記録トラック間部分33a
のカー回転角及び垂直磁気異方性が大幅に劣化している
のが分かる。
At this time, FIG. 4 shows the Kerr hysteresis loop in the direction perpendicular to the film surface in the inter-recording track portion 33a and the recording track portion 34 of the reproducing magnetic film of the recording layer which has been subjected to the heat treatment. A portion 33a between recording tracks due to heat treatment
It can be seen that the Kerr rotation angle and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of No. 1 are significantly deteriorated.

【0024】また、図5は光磁気記録媒体の熱処理に際
し、通常の1.3倍の記録レーザパワーで記録した記録
磁区を通常の消去レーザパワーで消去した時に50dB
以上の消去率が得られる条件及びポリカーボネイト基板
が損傷を受ける条件を示している。図5より2m/se
c以上の媒体線速度で通常の2.5倍以上のレーザパワ
ーで熱処理することによって、プラスチック基板を用い
ても有害な損傷を与えることなく記録層の熱処理ができ
ることが分かる。
Further, FIG. 5 shows 50 dB when a recording magnetic domain recorded with a recording laser power 1.3 times the normal one is erased with the normal erase laser power during the heat treatment of the magneto-optical recording medium.
The conditions under which the above erasing rate is obtained and the conditions under which the polycarbonate substrate is damaged are shown. 2m / se from Fig. 5
It can be seen that the heat treatment of the recording layer can be performed without causing harmful damage even if a plastic substrate is used by heat treatment at a laser linear power of c or more and a laser power of 2.5 times or more the usual laser power.

【0025】ところで、本実施例では記録層を構成する
各磁性膜としてその磁気特性が劣化する温度が同程度の
ものを用いているために、上記作製方法によって全ての
磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分の磁気特性が劣
化しているが、各磁性膜の劣化温度が異なる場合には上
記作製方法によって劣化温度が低い磁性膜のみ劣化させ
ることもできる。
By the way, in this embodiment, since each magnetic film constituting the recording layer has the same temperature at which its magnetic characteristics are deteriorated, the above-mentioned manufacturing method is used to make a space between the recording tracks of all the magnetic films. Although the magnetic characteristic of the portion located is deteriorated, when the deterioration temperature of each magnetic film is different, only the magnetic film having a low deterioration temperature can be deteriorated by the above manufacturing method.

【0026】以上の方法によって、図1の再生磁性膜1
4,転写磁性膜15及び記録磁性膜16の記録トラック
間に位置する部分14a,15a及び16aの垂直磁気
異方性は劣化させてある。
By the above method, the reproducing magnetic film 1 shown in FIG.
4. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the portions 14a, 15a and 16a located between the recording tracks of the transfer magnetic film 15 and the recording magnetic film 16 is deteriorated.

【0027】情報は記録磁性膜16の記録磁区18とし
て記録用磁界10の下で熱磁気記録されているが、記録
磁性膜16の記録磁区18は転写磁性膜15を介して再
生磁性膜14に転写され、再生磁性膜14の磁化は記録
磁性膜16の磁化の向きに揃えられている。ただし、再
生磁性膜14,転写磁性膜15及び記録磁性膜16の記
録トラック間に位置する部分14a,15a及び16a
の垂直磁気異方性は劣化させてあるので、記録時に記録
磁性膜16の記録トラックをはみ出して記録磁区が形成
されるような記録条件下であってもこの部分16aに記
録磁区と同一の磁区は形成されず、また、再生磁性膜1
4の極カー効果もこの部分14aにおいては非常に小さ
くなっている。
Information is thermomagnetically recorded as the recording magnetic domains 18 of the recording magnetic film 16 under the recording magnetic field 10. The recording magnetic domains 18 of the recording magnetic film 16 are transferred to the reproducing magnetic film 14 via the transfer magnetic film 15. The magnetization of the reproduced magnetic film 14 that has been transferred is aligned with the magnetization direction of the recording magnetic film 16. However, the portions 14a, 15a and 16a located between the recording tracks of the reproducing magnetic film 14, the transfer magnetic film 15 and the recording magnetic film 16
Since the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is deteriorated, the same magnetic domain as the recording magnetic domain is recorded in this portion 16a even under the recording condition in which the recording magnetic domain 16 is formed by protruding the recording track of the recording magnetic film 16 during recording. Is not formed, and the reproducing magnetic film 1 is not formed.
The polar Kerr effect of No. 4 is also very small in this portion 14a.

【0028】この光磁気記録媒体を再生した場合、再生
光の照射により記録層18の温度が上昇する。集束され
た再生光の強度はガウシアン分布を有し、光磁気記録媒
体が再生光に対して移動するので、再生光スポット内の
温度分布は図2に示すように再生光スポット中心付近よ
り後方にずれてTc2以上の高温部分ができる。すなわ
ち、図2に示す再生光スポットのうちキュリー温度Tc
2以上になった一部分において転写磁性膜15の磁化が
消失するため、その部分に対応する再生磁性膜14と記
録磁性膜16の間の交換結合が遮断され、その部分の再
生磁性膜14の磁化は再生用磁界10の向きに揃えられ
る。また、再生磁性膜14の記録トラック間に位置する
部分14aの極カー効果が非常に小さいので、結果とし
て再生光スポットのうちでTc2以下の部分でかつ記録
トラックである部分20からのみ記憶情報を再生信号と
して読み出すことができる。従って、再生光スポットの
大きさよりも小さな記録磁区を、前左右の記録磁区から
の波形干渉なしで再生可能となって再生信号のS/N低
下及び近接トラックからのクロストークが避けられ、か
つ記録消去パワーの変動に対しても記録磁区の消去残り
によるノイズ発生も低減できる。
When this magneto-optical recording medium is reproduced, the temperature of the recording layer 18 rises due to the irradiation of the reproducing light. Since the intensity of the focused reproduction light has a Gaussian distribution and the magneto-optical recording medium moves with respect to the reproduction light, the temperature distribution in the reproduction light spot is rearward from the vicinity of the center of the reproduction light spot as shown in FIG. A high temperature portion of Tc2 or more is formed by shifting. That is, the Curie temperature Tc of the reproduction light spot shown in FIG.
Since the magnetization of the transfer magnetic film 15 disappears in a portion of two or more, the exchange coupling between the reproducing magnetic film 14 and the recording magnetic film 16 corresponding to that portion is cut off, and the magnetization of the reproducing magnetic film 14 in that portion is blocked. Are aligned in the direction of the reproducing magnetic field 10. Further, since the polar Kerr effect of the portion 14a located between the recording tracks of the reproducing magnetic film 14 is very small, as a result, the stored information can be stored only from the portion 20 which is Tc2 or less in the reproducing light spot and which is the recording track. It can be read out as a reproduction signal. Therefore, the recording magnetic domain smaller than the size of the reproducing light spot can be reproduced without the waveform interference from the recording magnetic domains on the front and right sides, so that the S / N of the reproduction signal and the crosstalk from the adjacent track can be avoided, and the recording can be performed. Even if the erasing power varies, noise generation due to the unerased portion of the recording magnetic domain can be reduced.

【0029】ここで記録層19を構成する各磁性膜のキ
ュリー温度及び保磁力は、組成の選択及び垂直磁気異方
性の大きさが異なる各種元素の添加によって比較的簡単
に変えることができるので、光磁気記録媒体に要求され
る記録再生条件が変化しても最適な光磁気記録媒体を作
製することができる。
The Curie temperature and the coercive force of each magnetic film forming the recording layer 19 can be relatively easily changed by selecting the composition and adding various elements having different magnitudes of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The optimum magneto-optical recording medium can be manufactured even if the recording / reproducing conditions required for the magneto-optical recording medium change.

【0030】なお、本実施例では、基板12としてポリ
カ−ボネイト、保護層13及び17としてSiN膜、再
生磁性膜14としてGdFeCo膜、転写磁性膜15と
してTbFe膜、記録磁性膜16としてTbFeCo膜
を用いたが、基板12は他のプラスチックあるいはガラ
ス、保護層13及び17はAlN等の他の窒化物の膜あ
るいはTaO2等の酸化物の膜あるいはZnS等のカル
コゲン化物の膜あるいはそれらの混合物の膜、各磁性膜
については、キュリー温度及び保磁力についてTc2<
Tc1,Tc2<Tc3でかつ室温からTc2付近まで
においてHc1<Hc3であるという条件を満たす限り
他の希土類−遷移金属系フェリ磁性膜あるいはMnBi
Al等のMn系磁性膜あるいは他の磁性材料の垂直磁化
膜を用いてもよい。
In this embodiment, the substrate 12 is a polycarbonate, the protective layers 13 and 17 are SiN films, the reproducing magnetic film 14 is a GdFeCo film, the transfer magnetic film 15 is a TbFe film, and the recording magnetic film 16 is a TbFeCo film. The substrate 12 is made of another plastic or glass, the protective layers 13 and 17 are made of another nitride film such as AlN, an oxide film such as TaO 2 or a chalcogenide film such as ZnS, or a mixture thereof. The Curie temperature and coercive force of the film and each magnetic film are Tc2 <
Other rare earth-transition metal based ferrimagnetic films or MnBi as long as the conditions of Tc1, Tc2 <Tc3 and Hc1 <Hc3 from room temperature to near Tc2 are satisfied.
A Mn-based magnetic film such as Al or a perpendicular magnetization film of another magnetic material may be used.

【0031】ところで、本実施例は、トラック間に位置
する部分において三つの磁性膜全ての垂直磁気異方性を
劣化させた場合であるが、再生磁性膜14,転写磁性膜
15及び記録磁性膜16のうち少なくとも一つの磁性膜
の記録トラック間に位置する部分の垂直磁気異方性をさ
せた場合でも本発明の作用の説明で述べたと同様な流れ
で同様な作用が得られる。
By the way, in the present embodiment, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of all three magnetic films was deteriorated in the portion located between the tracks, but the reproducing magnetic film 14, the transfer magnetic film 15, and the recording magnetic film were used. Even if the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the portion of at least one of the 16 magnetic films located between the recording tracks is made, the same operation can be obtained by the same flow as described in the explanation of the operation of the present invention.

【0032】[0032]

【発明の効果】以上のように本発明の光磁気記録媒体
は、記録磁区間の波形干渉および近接トラックからのク
ロストークを低減して記録密度を向上し、かつ記録消去
パワーの変動に対しても記録磁区の消去残りによるノイ
ズ発生が少ない高性能を実現できるものである。
As described above, the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention reduces the waveform interference in the recording magnetic domain and the crosstalk from the adjacent tracks to improve the recording density, and to cope with the fluctuation of the recording / erasing power. In addition, it is possible to realize high performance in which noise is less likely to occur due to the unerased portion of the recording magnetic domain.

【0033】また、本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作製方法
は、基板上に記録層として再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及び
記録磁性膜を設けた構成の光磁気記録媒体にレーザ光を
照射し、記録層の記録トラック間に位置する部分のみを
熱処理する構成を備えることによって、プラスチック基
板に有害な損傷を与えることなく各磁性膜のうち少なく
とも一つの磁性膜の記録トラック間部分の磁気特性を劣
化させて、本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作製を可能とする
ものである。
Further, in the method for manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention, a magneto-optical recording medium having a structure in which a reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film and a recording magnetic film are provided as recording layers on a substrate is irradiated with laser light, By providing a structure in which only the portion of the recording layer located between the recording tracks is heat-treated, the magnetic characteristics of the portion between the recording tracks of at least one magnetic film of each magnetic film are deteriorated without damaging the plastic substrate. Thus, the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention can be manufactured.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例における光磁気記録媒体の構
成図
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a magneto-optical recording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】同実施例における記録膜の再生光照射領域内の
温度分布を示す図
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution in a reproduction light irradiation region of a recording film in the example.

【図3】同一実施例における光磁気記録媒体の作製装置
の概略図
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium in the same embodiment.

【図4】同一実施例の光磁気記録媒体における記録トラ
ック部及び記録トラック間部での膜面垂直方向のカーヒ
ステリシスループ特性図
FIG. 4 is a Kerr hysteresis loop characteristic diagram in the direction perpendicular to the film surface in a recording track portion and a recording track portion in the magneto-optical recording medium of the same embodiment.

【図5】本発明の光磁気記録媒体を作製する際の熱処理
レーザパワーと媒体線速度との関係を示す図
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heat treatment laser power and the medium linear velocity when manufacturing the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention.

【図6】本発明の光磁気記録媒体の作用を説明するため
の説明図
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the magneto-optical recording medium of the present invention.

【図7】従来の光磁気記録媒体の構成図FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a conventional magneto-optical recording medium.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

10 記録及び再生用磁界 11 再生光 12 基板(ポリカーボネイト樹脂) 13 保護層(SiN膜) 14 再生磁性膜(GdFeCo膜) 15 転写磁性膜(TbFe膜) 16 記録磁性膜(TbFeCo膜) 17 保護層(SiN膜) 18 記録磁区 19 記録層 31 光磁気記録媒体 32 基板 33 記録層の記録トラック間に位置する部分 33a 記録層の記録トラック間に位置する熱処理済み
の部分 34 記録層の記録トラックとして用いられる部分 35 熱処理用レーザ光 36 光学ヘッド 37 スピンドルモータ 61 記録及び再生用磁界 62 初期化磁界 63 再生光 64 再生光スポット 65 温度Tc2以上の領域 66 再生磁性膜 67 転写磁性膜 68 記録磁性膜 69 記録磁区 71 記録及び再生用磁界 72 再生光 73 再生光スポット 74 記録磁区 75 温度Tc以上の領域 76 再生磁性膜 77 転写磁性膜 78 記録磁性膜
10 magnetic field for recording and reproducing 11 reproducing light 12 substrate (polycarbonate resin) 13 protective layer (SiN film) 14 reproducing magnetic film (GdFeCo film) 15 transfer magnetic film (TbFe film) 16 recording magnetic film (TbFeCo film) 17 protective layer ( SiN film) 18 recording magnetic domain 19 recording layer 31 magneto-optical recording medium 32 substrate 33 portion located between recording tracks of recording layer 33a heat treated portion located between recording tracks of recording layer 34 used as recording track of recording layer Part 35 Heat treatment laser light 36 Optical head 37 Spindle motor 61 Recording and reproducing magnetic field 62 Initializing magnetic field 63 Reproducing light 64 Reproducing light spot 65 Region with temperature Tc2 or higher 66 Reproducing magnetic film 67 Transfer magnetic film 68 Recording magnetic film 69 Recording magnetic domain 71 magnetic field for recording and reproduction 72 reproduction light 73 reproduction light scan Tsu DOO 74 recording magnetic domain 75 temperature Tc or more areas 76 reproducing magnetic film 77 transfer magnetic layer 78 the recording magnetic film

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 宮武 範夫 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Norio Miyatake 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】基板上に磁気的に結合している再生磁性膜
と、転写磁性膜と、記録磁性膜とを備える記録層と、前
記記録磁性膜に記録信号を磁区として記録し、前記転写
磁性膜が前記記録磁性膜の記録磁区を前記再生磁性膜に
転写し、前記再生磁性膜に転写された前記記録磁区が磁
気光学効果により光学信号に変換されることによって再
生信号として再生される構成であって、前記再生磁性
膜,前記転写磁性膜,前記記録磁性膜のキュリー温度及
び保磁力をそれぞれTc1,Tc2,Tc3及びHc
1,Hc2,Hc3とした時、Tc2<Tc1,Tc2
<Tc3でかつ室温からTc2付近までにおいてHc1
<Hc3であるように設定するとともに、前記再生磁性
膜,前記転写磁性膜及び前記記録磁性膜のうち少なくと
も一つの磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分の磁気
特性を劣化させたことを特徴とする光磁気記録媒体。
1. A recording layer including a reproducing magnetic film magnetically coupled to a substrate, a transfer magnetic film, and a recording magnetic film, and a recording signal is recorded as a magnetic domain on the recording magnetic film, and the transfer is performed. A magnetic film transfers a recording magnetic domain of the recording magnetic film to the reproducing magnetic film, and the recording magnetic domain transferred to the reproducing magnetic film is converted into an optical signal by a magneto-optical effect to be reproduced as a reproducing signal. Where the Curie temperature and coercive force of the reproducing magnetic film, the transfer magnetic film, and the recording magnetic film are Tc1, Tc2, Tc3, and Hc, respectively.
1, Hc2, Hc3, Tc2 <Tc1, Tc2
<Tc3 and Hc1 from room temperature to near Tc2
<Hc3, and magnetic properties of a portion of at least one of the reproducing magnetic film, the transfer magnetic film, and the recording magnetic film located between the recording tracks are deteriorated. Magneto-optical recording medium.
【請求項2】再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及び記録磁性膜が
垂直磁化膜であって、各磁性膜のうち少なくとも一つの
磁性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分の垂直磁気異方
性を劣化させたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の光磁気
記録媒体。
2. A reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film and a recording magnetic film are perpendicularly magnetized films, and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of a portion of each magnetic film located between recording tracks is deteriorated. The magneto-optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
【請求項3】基板上に磁気的に結合している再生磁性
膜,転写磁性膜及び記録磁性膜からなる記録層を有して
なる光磁気記録媒体にレーザ光を照射し、記録層の記録
トラック間に位置する部分のみを熱処理することによ
り、各磁性膜のうち少なくとも一つ磁性膜の記録トラッ
ク間に位置する部分の磁気特性を劣化させることを特徴
とする光磁気記録媒体の作製方法。
3. A recording on a recording layer by irradiating a magneto-optical recording medium having a recording layer composed of a reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film and a recording magnetic film magnetically coupled on a substrate with laser light. A method of manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium, characterized in that the magnetic characteristics of at least one portion of each magnetic film located between recording tracks are deteriorated by heat-treating only the portion located between tracks.
【請求項4】再生磁性膜,転写磁性膜及び記録磁性膜が
垂直磁化膜であって、各磁性膜のうち少なくとも一つ磁
性膜の記録トラック間に位置する部分の垂直磁気異方性
を劣化させることを特徴とする請求項3記載の光磁気記
録媒体の作製方法。
4. A reproducing magnetic film, a transfer magnetic film, and a recording magnetic film are perpendicularly magnetized films, and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of a portion of each magnetic film located between recording tracks is deteriorated. 4. The method for manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium according to claim 3, wherein
JP26838992A 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Magneto-optical recording medium Pending JPH06119666A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP26838992A JPH06119666A (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Magneto-optical recording medium

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP26838992A JPH06119666A (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Magneto-optical recording medium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06119666A true JPH06119666A (en) 1994-04-28

Family

ID=17457799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP26838992A Pending JPH06119666A (en) 1992-10-07 1992-10-07 Magneto-optical recording medium

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06119666A (en)

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