JPH06104125B2 - Electrode for binding biological tissue - Google Patents
Electrode for binding biological tissueInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06104125B2 JPH06104125B2 JP2289400A JP28940090A JPH06104125B2 JP H06104125 B2 JPH06104125 B2 JP H06104125B2 JP 2289400 A JP2289400 A JP 2289400A JP 28940090 A JP28940090 A JP 28940090A JP H06104125 B2 JPH06104125 B2 JP H06104125B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- cover member
- pair
- needle
- biological tissue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、生体内の神経細胞等を、互いに結合するため
に用いられる生体組織結合用電極に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrode for connecting a biological tissue, which is used for connecting nerve cells and the like in a living body to each other.
生体内における神経発達の調節のメカニズムについて
は、ほとんど明らかにされていないのが現状である。し
かし、外的あるいは内的な因子については、いくつかの
報告があり、外的因子の例としては、マウス腫瘍中に含
まれる知覚神経の神経成長因子（NGF;Nerve Growthing
Factor）が知られている。At present, little is known about the mechanism of regulation of nerve development in vivo. However, there are some reports on external or internal factors, and as an example of the external factor, nerve growth factor (NGF; Nerve Growthing) of sensory nerve contained in mouse tumor is reported.
Factor) is known.
これを第６図で説明すると、交感神経節ニューロンの近
傍に標的細胞があるとき、標的細胞からはNGFが分泌さ
れる（同図（ａ）図示）。すると、ニューロンからは軸
索が伸長し（同図（ｂ）図示）、遂には、標的細胞に達
し、両者は結合する（同図（ｃ）図示）。This will be explained with reference to FIG. 6. When a target cell is present in the vicinity of a sympathetic ganglion neuron, NGF is secreted from the target cell (shown in FIG. 6 (a)). Then, the axon extends from the neuron (shown in FIG. 2 (b)), finally reaches the target cell, and both are bound (shown in FIG. 2 (c)).
神経細胞の軸索から側枝が発芽、伸長することにより、
神経がシナプス結合するメカニズムは、第７図のように
説明されている。同図（ａ）のように、筋繊維A2〜D2に
神経細胞A1〜D1がつながっているものとする。このと
き、何らかの事情で神経細胞C1,D1が切断されたとする
と、筋繊維C2,D2は、もはや刺激に対して反応しない。
ところが、時間が経過すると神経細胞C1,D1の軸索から
側枝が発芽し、しだいに伸長し、２週間ほどで他の神経
細胞に結合してしまう。By sprouting and extending the side branch from the axon of the nerve cell,
The mechanism of nerve synaptic connection is explained as shown in FIG. As shown in (a) of the figure, it is assumed that the nerve cells A 1 to D 1 are connected to the muscle fibers A 2 to D 2 . At this time, if the nerve cells C 1 and D 1 are cut for some reason, the muscle fibers C 2 and D 2 no longer respond to the stimulus.
However, after a lapse of time, the side branch buds from the axons of the nerve cells C 1 and D 1 , gradually expands, and joins to other nerve cells in about 2 weeks.
しかし、このような自然的な神経細胞結合のメカニズム
によっていたのでは、２週間もの長い時間を要し、実験
や治療に著しく不便である。このため、神経細胞のよう
な生体組織の、スムーズな結合を実現することが望まれ
ている。However, depending on such a mechanism of natural nerve cell connection, it takes as long as 2 weeks, which is extremely inconvenient for experiments and treatments. For this reason, it is desired to realize a smooth connection of living tissues such as nerve cells.
本発明は、かかる従来技術の欠点を克服し、神経細胞等
の生体組織の容易かつ確実な結合を可能にできる生体組
織結合用電極を提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an electrode for connecting a biological tissue, which can easily and surely connect a biological tissue such as a nerve cell.
本発明者は、結合すべき一対の神経細胞のような生体組
織を束ねて電気的衝撃を与えることにより、生体組織を
融合させて結合を促進し得ると考え、この手法に用いる
ことのできる生体組織結合用電極を発明した。The present inventor believes that the biological tissues such as a pair of nerve cells to be combined may be bundled and given an electrical shock to fuse the biological tissues to promote the connection, and a biological body that can be used for this method. Invented a tissue-binding electrode.
すなわち、本発明の生体組織結合用電極は、本体ケース
と、この本体ケースの先端に略平行に取り付けられた一
対の電極針とを備え、一対の電極針のそれぞれは、電源
に接続される導電性の針状部材と、この針状部材を被覆
する絶縁性のカバー部材を有して構成され、かつ一対の
電極針の互いに対向する側面の対応位置に、カバー部材
が通電可能に加工された通電部が設けられていることを
特徴とする。ここで、通電部は、カバー部材を部分的に
除去して針状部材を露出させることで形成してもよく、
また、カバー部材の構成材料を部分的に多孔質の材料と
することで形成してもよい。また、一対の電極針は、互
いに近接および離間方向に移動可能なように本体ケース
に取り付けてもよく、また一対の電極針は、通電部およ
びその近傍が断面略凹状となるように加工してもよい。That is, the biological tissue coupling electrode of the present invention includes a main body case and a pair of electrode needles mounted substantially parallel to the tip of the main body case, each of the pair of electrode needles being electrically connected to a power source. Conductive needle-shaped member and an insulating cover member that covers the needle-shaped member, and the cover member is machined so that it can be energized at corresponding positions on the opposite side surfaces of the pair of electrode needles. It is characterized in that a current-carrying portion is provided. Here, the current-carrying portion may be formed by partially removing the cover member to expose the needle-shaped member,
Alternatively, the cover member may be formed by partially forming a porous material. Further, the pair of electrode needles may be attached to the main body case so as to be movable toward and away from each other, and the pair of electrode needles are processed so that the current-carrying portion and its vicinity have a substantially concave cross-section. Good.
本発明によれば、導電性の針状部材が絶縁性のカバー部
材で被覆されているので、神経細胞のような生体組織が
針状部材に直接触れることはない。また、カバー部材に
は通電部が設けられてるいので、一対の電極間に位置す
る神経細胞等に、細胞融合のための電場が印加されるこ
とになる。According to the present invention, since the conductive needle-shaped member is covered with the insulating cover member, living tissue such as nerve cells does not directly contact the needle-shaped member. Further, since the cover member is provided with the current-carrying portion, an electric field for cell fusion is applied to nerve cells and the like located between the pair of electrodes.
以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は実施例の神経細胞結合用電極、すなわち神経細
胞の融合に用いられる電極セットを示し、同図（ａ）は
全体構成を一部断面で示す図、同図（ｂ）〜（ｆ）はそ
の要部拡大図である。同図（ａ）に示す通り、本体ケー
ス10の先端には、一方の電極である第１の電極11が基端
部で固定され、これと平行な位置関係で、他方の電極で
ある第２の電極12が配置されている。第２の電極12の基
端部は本体ケース10内に伸び、本体ケース10に固定され
た軸13を中心として回転可能になっている。また、電極
側と反対のレバー14側は、本体ケース10の内側に一端が
固定されたスプリング15によって時計回りに付勢され、
かつ本体ケース10のねじ穴に螺合するマイクロメータ16
により、位置が調整されるようになっている。さらに、
第１の電極11と第２の電極12は電源Ｅに接続され、電圧
の印加はスイッチSWで制御されている。FIG. 1 shows a nerve cell coupling electrode of the embodiment, that is, an electrode set used for fusion of nerve cells, FIG. 1 (a) is a diagram showing a partial cross-section of the entire structure, and FIGS. ) Is an enlarged view of the main part. As shown in FIG. 3A, a first electrode 11 which is one of the electrodes is fixed to the tip of the main body case 10 at the base end, and a second electrode which is the other electrode is arranged in a position parallel to the first electrode 11. The electrode 12 of is arranged. The base end of the second electrode 12 extends into the main body case 10 and is rotatable about a shaft 13 fixed to the main body case 10. Further, the lever 14 side opposite to the electrode side is urged clockwise by a spring 15 whose one end is fixed inside the main body case 10,
And the micrometer 16 that is screwed into the screw hole of the body case 10
The position is adjusted by. further,
The first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are connected to the power source E, and the voltage application is controlled by the switch SW.
同図（ｃ），（ｅ）は第１の電極11および第２の電極12
の要部を側面図で示し、これらは対称な同一構造となっ
ている。同図（ｃ）は一部を断面で示しており、同図
（ｂ）はそのA1-A2線断面図、同図（ｄ）は同図（ｅ）
の第２の電極12をA2方向から見た図である。また、同図
（ｆ）は同図（ｅ）の第２の電極12を、A3方向から見た
図である。図示の通り、第１の電極11および第２の電極
12はそれぞれ中心部にプラチナ（Pt）などの導電材料か
らなる針状部材41を有し、この針状部材41は樹脂などの
絶縁性材料からなるカバー部材42で被覆されている。そ
して、第１の電極11と第２の電極12の対向面の同一位置
では、絶縁性のカバー部材42が半円形状に削り取られて
凹部43が形成され、さらに凹部43の中心部には円形状の
スルーホール44が形成され、ここで針状部材41が露出さ
れている。1C and 1E show a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 12.
The main part of is shown in a side view, and they have the same symmetrical structure. Part (c) of the same drawing is shown in cross section, part (b) of the same is a sectional view taken along the line A 1 -A 2 , and part (d) of the same figure is (e).
The second electrode 12 in a view from A 2 direction. Further, FIG. (F) is a diagram of the second electrode 12 in FIG. (E), as seen from the A 3 direction. As shown, the first electrode 11 and the second electrode
Each of the centers 12 has a needle-shaped member 41 made of a conductive material such as platinum (Pt), and the needle-shaped member 41 is covered with a cover member 42 made of an insulating material such as resin. Then, at the same position on the facing surfaces of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, the insulating cover member 42 is cut into a semicircular shape to form a concave portion 43, and a circular portion is formed in the central portion of the concave portion 43. A through hole 44 having a shape is formed, and the needle-shaped member 41 is exposed here.
上記の構造を有する実施例の電極を用いると、生体組織
の一例として、神経細胞の結合のための細胞融合を、極
めて好適になし得る。これを、第２図を参照して説明す
る。まず、同図（ａ）に示すように、第１の電極11と第
２の電極12の間隔を大きくした状態で、本体ケース10を
矢印Ｂの方向に移動操作する。そして、結合すべき２本
の神経細胞のシュワン細胞をカバー部材42の凹部43にて
挾んだら、本体ケース10に取り付けられたマイクロメー
タ16を回し、第１の電極11と第２の電極12を互いに近づ
ける。上記の操作は、同図（ｂ）の位置関係になるまで
継続する。すなわち、第１の電極11および第２の電極12
のそれぞれの凹部43の間に、２個のシュワン細胞が束ね
られて互いに接触するまで継続する。しかる後、スイッ
チSWを瞬間時にオン、オフ操作して、第１の電極11と第
２の電極12の間にパルス電圧を印加する。これにより、
シュワン細胞同士が融合することなるが、針状部材41は
絶縁性のカバー部材42に遮られてシュワン細胞に触れる
ことはないので、神経細胞が傷ついたりすることもな
い。Using the electrode of the example having the above structure, cell fusion for binding nerve cells can be extremely suitably performed as an example of biological tissue. This will be described with reference to FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the main body case 10 is moved in the direction of arrow B in a state where the distance between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is increased. When the Schwann cells of the two nerve cells to be combined are sandwiched in the recess 43 of the cover member 42, the micrometer 16 attached to the main body case 10 is rotated to rotate the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. Bring them closer to each other. The above operation is continued until the positional relationship shown in FIG. That is, the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12
The two Schwann cells are bundled between the respective recesses 43 of the above and continue until they come into contact with each other. Thereafter, the switch SW is momentarily turned on and off to apply a pulse voltage between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. This allows
Although Schwann cells fuse with each other, the needle-shaped member 41 is not shielded by the insulating cover member 42 and does not touch the Schwann cells, so that nerve cells are not damaged.
第３図は、上記実施例と同様の電極を用いて高圧パルス
電流により神経細胞が融合するメカニズムを、模式的に
示している。部材21a,22aと部材21b,22bを用いて、２本
の神経細胞の２つのシュワン細胞を挾み、同図（ｂ）の
ように互いに側面にて接触させ、または十分に近傍させ
る。そして、挾持したままで、第１の電極11と第２の電
極12との間に、高圧パルス電圧を１回ないし数回印加す
る。すると、同図（ｃ）のように、シュワン細胞の外殻
は破られて、互いに融合することになる。ここで、上記
の部材21a,21b,22a,22bは、第１図の実施例ではカバー
部材42の凹部43の内面部分で構成される。このような細
胞融合は、一般的には電界強度が数kV/cm程度で時間幅
が数十〜数百μsec程度の高圧パルスを、数回程度印加
することで実現できる。なお、細胞融合によって直ちに
軸索がつながり、神経細胞が結合される訳ではなく、融
合後は一定時間放置する必要があるのは言うまでもな
い。FIG. 3 schematically shows a mechanism in which nerve cells are fused by a high-voltage pulse current using the same electrodes as in the above-mentioned embodiment. By using the members 21a, 22a and the members 21b, 22b, the two Schwann cells of the two nerve cells are sandwiched and brought into contact with each other on the side surface as shown in FIG. Then, the high voltage pulse voltage is applied once or several times between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 while being held. Then, as shown in FIG. 7C, the outer shells of Schwann cells are broken and fused with each other. Here, the members 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b are constituted by the inner surface portion of the recess 43 of the cover member 42 in the embodiment of FIG. Such cell fusion can be generally realized by applying a high-voltage pulse having an electric field strength of about several kV / cm and a time width of about several tens to several hundreds of microseconds several times. Needless to say, cell fusion does not mean that axons are immediately connected and nerve cells are connected, and that it is necessary to leave the cells for a certain period of time after fusion.
第４図は実施例に係る電極の別の構造を示し、同図
（ｂ）は第１の電極11を一部断面で示した側面図、同図
（ａ）はそのA3-A3線断面図、同図（ｃ）は同図（ｂ）
の第１の電極11をＣ方向から見た図である。なお、本体
ケースなどは第１図と同様に構成されている。図示の通
り、第１の電極11は中心部にプラチナなどからなる針状
部材41を有し、これは絶縁性のカバー部材42で被覆され
ている。そして、絶縁性のカバー部材42は先端部の近傍
の側面で除去され、針状部材41が露出している。なお、
図示はされていないが、第１の電極11に対応する第２の
電極12についても、対向する位置で針状部材41が露出さ
れている。これによっても、実質的には針状部材41の露
出面のみが作用する点状の電極が構成されるので、第１
図のものと同様に、電界分布のコントロールが容易にな
る。但し、凹部が設けられていないので、シュワン細胞
を挾むのが、第１図のもの比べてやや難しい欠点があ
る。FIG. 4 shows another structure of the electrode according to the embodiment, FIG. 4B is a side view showing the first electrode 11 in a partial cross section, and FIG. 4A is its A 3 -A 3 line. Sectional view, Figure (c) is the same figure (b)
It is the figure which looked at the 1st electrode 11 of this from the C direction. The main body case and the like have the same structure as in FIG. As shown in the figure, the first electrode 11 has a needle-like member 41 made of platinum or the like in the center thereof, which is covered with an insulating cover member 42. Then, the insulating cover member 42 is removed on the side surface near the tip end portion, and the needle-shaped member 41 is exposed. In addition,
Although not shown in the drawing, the needle-like member 41 is also exposed at the position facing the second electrode 12 corresponding to the first electrode 11. With this structure as well, a point-shaped electrode is formed in which substantially only the exposed surface of the needle-shaped member 41 acts.
Similar to the one shown in the figure, it becomes easy to control the electric field distribution. However, since the recess is not provided, there is a drawback that it is slightly more difficult to sandwich the Schwann cell than the one shown in FIG.
第５図は実施例に係る電極のさらに他の構造を示してい
る。この実施例では、針状部材41が露出される代りに、
絶縁性のカバー部材42が一部で多孔質部材51で置き換え
られ、通電を可能にしている。ここで、多孔質部材51と
は媒質（生理食塩水）が浸透し得るものである。この第
５図の構造においては、多孔質部材51の部分でシュワン
細胞を挾むための凹部を形成してもよい。FIG. 5 shows still another structure of the electrode according to the embodiment. In this embodiment, instead of exposing the needle-shaped member 41,
Part of the insulating cover member 42 is replaced with the porous member 51 to enable electric conduction. Here, the porous member 51 is a medium through which a medium (physiological saline) can permeate. In the structure shown in FIG. 5, a recess for holding Schwann cells may be formed in the porous member 51.
以上の通り、本発明の生体組織結合用電極では、導電性
の針状部材が絶縁性のカバー部材で被覆されているの
で、神経細胞のような生体組織が針状部材に直接触れる
ことはない。また、カバー部材には通電部が設けられて
るいので、一対の電極間に位置する神経細胞等に電場が
印加されることになる。このため、シュワン細胞を迅速
かつ容易に融合させ、神経などを結合させることが可能
になる。As described above, in the biological tissue coupling electrode of the present invention, since the conductive needle-shaped member is covered with the insulating cover member, the living tissue such as nerve cells does not directly touch the needle-shaped member. . Further, since the cover member is provided with the current-carrying portion, an electric field is applied to nerve cells and the like located between the pair of electrodes. Therefore, Schwann cells can be fused quickly and easily to connect nerves and the like.
第１図は本発明の実施例に係る電極の構造を示す図、第
２図は電極の用い方を示す図、第３図は高圧パルス電流
による神経細胞の結合を模式的に示す図、第４図は実施
例の電極の他の構成を示す図、第５図は電極のさらに他
の構成を示す図、第６図は神経の発達のメカニズムを示
す図、第７図は軸索の発芽によるシナプス結合の変化を
示す図である。 10……本体ケース、11……第１の電極、12……第２の電
極、41……針状部材、42……カバー部材、43……凹部。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how to use the electrode, and FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing coupling of nerve cells by high-voltage pulse current. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another configuration of the electrode of the embodiment, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing still another configuration of the electrode, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a mechanism of nerve development, and FIG. 7 is axon germination. It is a figure which shows the change of the synaptic connection by. 10 ... Main body case, 11 ... First electrode, 12 ... Second electrode, 41 ... Needle-like member, 42 ... Cover member, 43 ... Recessed portion.
Claims (5)
平行に取り付けられた一対の電極針とを備え、 前記一対の電極針のそれぞれは、電源に接続される導電
性の針状部材と、この針状部材を被覆する絶縁性のカバ
ー部材を有して構成され、 かつ前記一対の電極針の互いに対向する側面の対応位置
に、前記カバー部材が通電可能に加工された通電部が設
けられていることを特徴とする生体組織結合用電極。1. A main body case, and a pair of electrode needles mounted substantially parallel to the tip of the main body case, each of the pair of electrode needles being a conductive needle member connected to a power source. , An insulating cover member that covers the needle-shaped member is provided, and an energizing portion in which the cover member is energized is provided at a corresponding position on the side surfaces of the pair of electrode needles facing each other. An electrode for connecting a biological tissue, which is characterized by being provided.
除去して前記針状部材を露出させることで形成されてい
る請求項１記載の生体組織結合用電極。2. The living tissue coupling electrode according to claim 1, wherein the current-carrying portion is formed by partially removing the cover member to expose the needle-shaped member.
を部分的に多孔質の材料とすることで形成されている請
求項１記載の生体組織結合用電極。3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the current-carrying part is formed by partially forming a porous material as a constituent material of the cover member.
間方向に移動可能なように、前記本体ケースに取り付け
られている請求項１記載の生体組織結合用電極。4. The biological tissue coupling electrode according to claim 1, wherein the pair of electrode needles are attached to the main body case so as to be movable in a direction toward and away from each other.
の近傍が断面略凹状となるように加工されている請求項
１記載の生体組織結合用電極。5. The biological tissue coupling electrode according to claim 1, wherein the pair of electrode needles are processed so that the current-carrying portion and its vicinity have a substantially concave cross-section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289400A JPH06104125B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Electrode for binding biological tissue |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289400A JPH06104125B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Electrode for binding biological tissue |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04161168A JPH04161168A (en) | 1992-06-04 |
| JPH06104125B2 true JPH06104125B2 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
Family
ID=17742740
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289400A Expired - Fee Related JPH06104125B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Electrode for binding biological tissue |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06104125B2 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-10-26 JP JP2289400A patent/JPH06104125B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04161168A (en) | 1992-06-04 |
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