JPH06100247B2 - Differential - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a differential device provided between both wheels of a vehicle.

<Prior Art> The differential limiting mechanism (deflock mechanism) of the conventional differential device is
A torque proportional type, a child pressure type, a manual type using a dog clutch 51 as shown in FIGS. 5 (a), (b) and (c) are known. FIG. 5A shows a state in which the dog clutch 51 is OFF, and FIG. 5B shows a state in which the dog clutch 51 is ON. Further, FIG. 5 (c) shows a state in which the dog clutch 51 does not mesh, and in this case, the spring 52
Is compressed, and the dog clutch 51 is continuously pushed in the meshing direction. In the figure, 53 is a differential case, 54 is a shift fork, 55 is a differential carrier, 56 is a fork shaft, 57 is a rock ball, and 58 is a lever.

On the other hand, the tooth-contact adjusting device 59 for adjusting the tooth contact between the conventional pinion gear and ring gear is as shown in FIG.
Rotate a pair of adjust nuts 62 screwed to both bearings 61 of the 60, move the side bearings 63, and rotate the pinion gears.
The tooth contact between 64 and ring gear 65 was adjusted.

Further, the tooth contact adjusting device 66 as shown in FIG.
The protrusions 69 are formed on both the bearings 68 of the 67, and the adjusting shim 71 is sandwiched between the side surface of the protrusion 69 and the side bearing 70 to adjust the tooth contact. In this case, install a dummy bearing, adjust the tooth contact, then measure the left and right gaps,
The thickness of the shim 71 was determined by calculation based on the actual height of the side bearing 70.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> Since the manual devolving mechanism in the above-mentioned prior art is complicated in structure, it is expensive, and the mounting work thereof is extremely complicated. It is necessary and cannot be customized.

On the other hand, the tooth contact adjusting device 59 as shown in FIG. 6 needs the adjust nuts 62 on both sides, and it is necessary to form screws on both sides of the differential carrier 60. The tooth contact adjusting device 66 as shown in FIG. Bearings etc. are required and assembly becomes complicated.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a differential limiting mechanism for a differential gear which is simple, inexpensive, easy to assemble, easy to install, and can be installed as a custom equipment at a store.

<Means for Solving the Problems> The means for solving the problems according to the present invention is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, in the main body of differential device 11, 29 in accordance with the rotation of the pinion gear 1 driven by the power unit. A ring gear 2 that rotates with the differential gear, a differential small gear 3 that revolves as the ring gear 2 rotates, and a pair of differential large gears 4 that are rotated by the differential small gear 3.
And an axle shaft 5 mounted on each of the rotary shafts of the differential gear 4, each of which is externally fitted to one of the axle shafts 5 so as to be axially movable so as to be meshable with and disengageable from the ring gear 2. And a moving device 7 for moving the sleeve 6 in the axial direction of the axle shaft 5. The moving device 7 includes a shift fork 8 for moving the sleeve 6 in the axial direction of the axle shaft 5. And a shift rod 20 for operating the shift fork 8.
And an engaging spring 9 for urging and buffering the shift rod 20 in the sleeve 6 engaging direction and a disengaging spring 10 for urging and buffering the shift rod 20 in the sleeve 6 disengaging direction, the axle shaft 5 and the shift rod. The shift rods 20, the meshing springs 9 and the disengagement springs 10 are arranged in parallel with each other with an intervening distance of the shift forks 8, so that the springs 9 and 10 can be easily attached and replaced. Differential unit 11,2
The shift fork 8 is disposed outside the shift fork 8. One end of the shift fork 8 is engaged with the sleeve 6, and the other end of the shift fork 8 is for the mesh spring 9.
Also, the shift fork 8 is supported by its balance by being sandwiched by the release springs 10 from both sides.
It is rotatably supported via a pin 19 on a mount plate 30 which is removable from the.

<Operation> When the operation lever is tilted in the ON direction in the problem solving means described above, the shift rod 20 is moved to the arrow A direction as shown in FIG. 1 (b).
Move in the direction. The other end of the shift fork 8 is sandwiched between the meshing spring 9 and the disengagement spring 10 from both sides and moves in the direction of arrow A while maintaining its balance. The shift fork 8 rotates around the pin 19 and moves the sleeve 6 engaged at one end thereof in the direction of arrow C. Then, the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 mesh with each other to lock the differential device.

Here, when the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 do not mesh with each other, as shown in FIG. 1C, the meshing spring 9 of the moving device 7 is compressed, and the sleeve 6 is rotated through the rotation of the shift fork 8. Energize in two directions. Then, when the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 rotate and the concavities and convexities match, the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 mesh with each other by the biasing force of the meshing spring 9, and the differential device is locked.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the moving device 7 includes the shift rod 20,
Since the engagement spring 9 and the disengagement spring 10 are arranged outside the differential device main body 11, 29, both springs and the like can be easily replaced. Moreover, the moving device 7 can be easily attached to the differential device main body 29 only by attaching the shift fork 8 to the mount plate 30 via the pin 19 and attaching the mount plate 30 to the differential device main body 29. Therefore, the moving device 7 can be easily installed as a custom-equipped device at a store, and conversely, the moving device 7 can be easily removed from the differential device main body 29 and replaced.

<Examples> An example of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 1 (a) is a sectional view showing a differential device according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a sectional view showing the same ON state.
FIG. 1C is a sectional view showing a state in which the sleeve and the ring gear are not meshed with each other, FIG. 1D is a sectional view showing a state in which the sleeve and the ring gear are not disengaged from each other, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the differential gear, FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the assembly of the moving device, and FIG. 4 is a side view showing the adjust nut.

Then, as shown in the figure, the differential gear according to the present invention includes a ring gear 2 that rotates in the differential gear main body 11, 29 with the rotation of the pinion gear 1 driven by a power unit (engine or the like).
And a differential small gear 3 that revolves with the rotation of the ring gear 2.
And a pair of differential large gears 4 rotated by the differential small gears 3, and axle shafts 5 mounted on the rotary shafts of the differential large gears 4, respectively.

Then, a sleeve 6 externally fitted to one of the axle shafts 5 so as to be axially movable so as to be capable of meshing with and disengaged from the ring gear 2, and the sleeve 6 is attached to the axle shafts 5.
And a moving device 7 for moving in the axial direction.

The moving device 7 includes a shift fork 8 for moving the sleeve 6 in the axial direction of the axle shaft 5, an engagement spring 9 for urging the shift fork 8 in the engagement direction of the sleeve 6, and the shift fork 8 for the sleeve 6. A detaching spring (10) for urging in a detaching direction is provided.

On the other hand, in the differential gear according to the present invention, a pair of bearing portions 12 that holds the ring gear 2 in the differential carrier 11 as one component of the differential gear main body so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the pinion gear 1. A tooth contact adjusting device 13 for adjusting the tooth contact of the ring gear 2 is provided.

The tooth contact adjusting device 13 is provided between the protrusion 14 formed on the one bearing 12 and limiting the movement of the ring gear 2 to one side, and between the protrusion 14 and the bearing 12. It has a sandwiched shim 15 and an adjust nut 16 formed on the other bearing portion 12 to limit the movement of the ring gear 2 to the other side. The sleeve 6 is arranged on the axle shaft 5 on the side of the protrusion 14.

The ring gear 2, the small differential gear 3, and the large differential gear 4 form a general differential device.

The axle shaft 5 is connected to an axle and rotates wheels. A spline 17 is formed on the surface of the axle shaft 5 near the sleeve 6 mounting portion.

The sleeve 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 1 (a), and the inner surface 6 a thereof engages with the spline 17.
A sleeve groove 6b that engages with the shift fork 8 is provided all around the outer surface of the sleeve 6, and a dog clutch 18 is formed at the end on the ring gear side.

The shift fork 8 is rotatably attached by a pin 19 near the center thereof, and an engaging portion 8a for engaging with the sleeve groove 6b is formed at one end thereof. A through hole 8b is formed at the other end.

Then, the shift rod 20 is penetrated through the through hole 8b,
Discs 21a and 21b are attached to both ends of the shift rod 20, respectively. In addition, the shift rod 2 outside the disk 21b
At the tip of 0, a yoke 23 for connecting the operation lever 22
Is installed. The operating lever 22 is a pin
A lever lock plate 25 is mounted rotatably around 24 and above the pin 24.

The yoke 23 and the operating lever 22 may be connected by a rod or a cable.

The meshing spring 9 and the disengagement spring 10 are general coil springs, and both discs 21a and 21b of the shift rod 20.
The shift forks 8 are attached in between.

The shift rod 20, the meshing spring 9, the disengagement spring 10 and the like are provided in consideration of easy mounting and replacement.
It is arranged outside the differential device main body 11, 29.

In the figure, 26 is a boot that prevents oil leakage from the differential carrier 11.

On the other hand, the protrusion 14 is formed on the inner surface of the differential carrier 11, and the side surface thereof restricts the outward movement of the side bearing 27 as the bearing portion 12.

The shim 15 is attached between the side bearing 27 and the side surface of the protruding portion 14, and the position of the side bearing 27 is determined by adjusting the thickness thereof.

The outer nut 16 is screwed to the differential carrier 11 on the outer surface thereof, and the side bearing is mounted on the side surface thereof.
Restricts outward movement of 27. As shown in FIG. 4, a large number of concave portions 16a are provided on the inner surface thereof, and the convex portions 28a of the detent member 28 fixed to the differential carrier 11 are formed in the concave portions 16a.
Is engaged with.

In the figure, 29 is an axle housing as one component of the differential main body, 30 is a mount plate for mounting the defrosting mechanism, 31 is a mounting hole for the defrosting mechanism, and 32 is the mounting hole 31 when the defrosting mechanism is not mounted. It is a cover.

In the above configuration, first, consider a case where the operation lever 22 is tilted in the ON direction.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the yaw 23 has an arrow A in the figure.
Move in the direction and shift rod 20 and disks 21a, 21b are also indicated by arrow A.
Move in the direction. The shift fork 8 sandwiched between the discs 21a and 21b via the meshing spring 9 and the disengagement spring 10 rotates around the pin 19 to move the sleeve 6 in the direction of arrow C, so that the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 are separated from each other. The dog clutch 18 consisting of is engaged.

At this time, since the spline 17 is formed in the fitting portion between the sleeve 6 and the axle shaft 5 and the sleeve 6 and the axle shaft 5 rotate integrally, the ring gear 2 meshed with the sleeve 6 and the axle shaft 5 are rotated. And the ring gear 2 and the large differential gear 4 also rotate integrally. Then, the rotation of the differential small gear 3 is prevented, and the axle shaft 5 on the side where the sleeve 6 is not attached also rotates integrally. Further, the shift fork 8 is engaged with the sleeve groove 6a formed on the entire outer circumference of the sleeve 6, and does not interfere with the rotation of the sleeve 6.

Now, consider the case where the dog clutch 18 does not mesh.

In this case, the yoke 23 moves in the direction of arrow A, and the shift rod 20 and the disks 21a, 21b also move in the direction of arrow A, but since the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 do not mesh with each other, as shown in FIG. The forks 8 cannot rotate. Then, the engagement spring 9 is compressed, and through the shift fork 8,
The sleeve 6 is biased toward the ring gear 2. Then, when the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 rotate and the concavities and convexities match, the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 mesh with each other by the urging force of the meshing spring 9, and the dog clutch 18 is turned on.

Next, consider a case where the operation lever 22 is tilted in the OFF direction.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the yoke 23 is indicated by an arrow B in the figure.
Move in the direction and shift rod 20 and disks 21a, 21b are also indicated by arrow B.
Move in the direction. The shift fork 8 sandwiched between the discs 21a and 21b via the meshing spring 9 and the disengagement spring 10 rotates around the pin 19 and moves the sleeve 6 in the direction of arrow D, so that the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 are separated from each other. Detach the dog clutch 18 consisting of. Then, the ring gear 2 and the axle shaft gear 5 do not rotate integrally, but operate as a normal differential device.

Here, force is applied to the dog clutch 18 which is the meshing portion between the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2, and the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2
Consider the case where does not leave.

In this case, the yoke 23 moves in the direction of arrow B, and the shift rod 20 and the disks 21a, 21b also move in the direction of arrow B, but the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 do not separate, so that the shift as shown in FIG. The forks 8 cannot rotate. Then, the release spring 10 is compressed, and through the shift fork 8,
The sleeve 6 is urged in the ring gear 2 separating direction (arrow D direction). Then, when the force applied to the meshing portion between the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 becomes weak, the sleeve 6 and the ring gear 2 are disengaged by the urging force of the disengagement spring 10, and the dog clutch is released.
18 turns off.

Here, a method of mounting the defrosting mechanism will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2, the actuating device before the defrosting mechanism is installed is the defrosting mechanism mounting hole provided in the axle housing 29.
31 is closed by a cover 32. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, at the time of mounting the defrosting mechanism, the cover 32 is removed and the axle shaft 5 on which the sleeve 6 is mounted is removed. Then, the sleeve 6 is fitted onto the axle shaft 5, and the axle shaft 5 is attached again.

Then, after the shift fork 8 is attached to the mount plate 30 using the pin 19, the mount plate 30 is fixed to the axle housing 29 using the bolt 33. And
The boot 26 is put on the shift fork 8, the shift rod 20 penetrating the meshing spring 9 is passed through the through hole 8b of the shift fork 8, the release spring 10, the discs 21a, 21b and the yoke 23 are attached to the shift rod 20, and the deflok mechanism is provided. Complete.

Next, consider a case where the tooth contact adjusting device 13 is used to adjust the tooth contact between the pinion gear 1 and the ring gear 2.

In this case, first, the shim 1 for adjustment is slightly thickly inserted between the side bearing 27 and the side surface of the protrusion 14. Then, the adjust nut 16 is tightened to fix the position of the ring gear 2. Then, the amount of tooth contact is measured, and if it is not appropriate, loosen the adjustment nut 16 and slightly pull out the shim 15, and then tighten the adjustment nut 16 again.

By repeating the above work, the tooth contact between the pinion gear 1 and the ring gear 2 can be adjusted.

When this tooth contact adjusting device 13 is used, the adjusting work is simpler than that of the tooth contact adjusting device as shown in FIG. 7, and the screw machining of the differential carrier 11 is made as compared with the tooth contact adjusting device as shown in FIG. However, since only one adjust nut 16 is required in one place, the cost is low, the diff carrier 11 can be downsized, the defloc mechanism can be easily attached to the shim 15 side, and the axle housing 29 can be downsized.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

<Effects of the Invention> As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the shift fork and the shift fork are moved in the axial direction by the moving device for engaging and disengaging the sleeve fitted on the axle shaft with the ring gear. Since it has a shift rod, a meshing spring for urging the shift rod in the sleeve meshing direction, and a disengagement spring for urging the shift rod in the sleeve dismounting direction, even when the sleeve and the ring gear do not mesh with each other. With a simple, inexpensive and easy-to-assemble structure, the shift rod and the shift fork can be moved by the engagement spring, and the sleeve can be urged in the ring gear direction to be engaged with each other.

Further, since the movement of the sleeve is performed by the balance between the meshing spring and the disengagement spring, the impact at the time of meshing or disengagement of the sleeve and the ring gear can be absorbed by both springs.

Here, as a means for urging the sleeve, a shift rod, an engagement spring and a disengagement spring are used,
Since these have less problems such as wear and are excellent in durability, they need not be replaced unless otherwise required.

Moreover, since the shift rod, the meshing spring and the disengagement spring are arranged outside the differential main body, when the spring needs to be replaced due to long-term use or the like, the spring can be attached and replaced with the differential main body. It can be done outside of, and facilitates these tasks. Also, since the mount plate that supports the shift fork via the pin is detachable from the differential main unit,
The shift device can be easily attached to the differential device main body by simply attaching the shift fork to the mount plate via the pin and attaching the mount plate to the differential device body. Therefore, the mobile device can be easily installed as a custom equipment at the store, and conversely, the mobile device can be easily removed from the differential device main body and replaced.

On the other hand, in order to dispose the shift rod and the like outside the main body of the differential device, the shift rod must be largely separated in the vertical direction from the axle shaft, but then the power from the shift rod is externally fitted to the axle shaft. When transmitted to the sleeve, an unreasonable load (rotational moment) may be applied to the connecting portion between the shift fork and the shift rod or the sleeve, and the durability of the moving device may be impaired.

However, in the present invention, since the sleeve is attached to one end of the shift fork and both springs are attached to the other end, and the center of the shift fork is rotatably supported around the pin, the linear movement of the shift rod is temporarily changed. After converting into the rotational movement of the fork, it can be further converted into the reverse linear movement of the sleeve, and it is possible to prevent an unreasonable load from being applied to the connecting portion between the shift fork and the shift rod or the sleeve.
Therefore, if the durability of the moving device can be improved, it has an excellent effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a sectional view showing a differential device according to the present invention, FIG. 1 (b) is a sectional view showing the same ON state, and FIG. 1 (c).
Is a sectional view showing a state in which the sleeve and the ring gear are not meshed with each other, FIG. 1 (d) is a sectional view showing a state in which the sleeve and the ring gear are not disengaged from each other, and FIG. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the assembly of the moving device, Fig. 4 is a side view showing the same as the adjustment nut, and Fig. 5 (a) is a sectional view showing the dog clutch OFF state in the conventional defrosting mechanism. 5
Figure (b) is a sectional view showing the dog clutch ON state.
FIG. 5 (c) is a sectional view showing a state in which the dog clutch is not meshed, FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a conventional tooth contact adjusting device using an adjust nut, and FIG. 7 is a conventional tooth contact adjusting device using an adjusting shim. It is sectional drawing which shows an apparatus. 1: Pinion gear, 2: Ring gear, 3: Small differential gear, 4: Large differential gear, 5: Axle shaft, 6: Sleeve, 7: Moving device, 8: Shift fork, 9: Engagement spring, 10: Release spring, 11: differential carrier, 12: bearing part, 13: tooth contact adjusting device, 14: protrusion, 15: shim, 16: adjust nut, 1
8: Dog clutch, 20: Shift rod, 27: Side bearing, 28: Non-rotating body, 29: Axle housing, 30: Mount plate.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A ring gear that rotates in a main body of a differential gear unit according to rotation of a pinion gear that is driven by a power unit, a differential small gear that revolves as the ring gear rotates, and a differential small gear unit. A pair of differential large gears to be rotated, and axle shafts respectively mounted on the rotating shafts of the differential large gears are fitted to one of the axle shafts so as to be axially movable and mesh with the ring gear. A detachable sleeve and a moving device that moves the sleeve in the axial direction of the axle shaft are provided, and the moving device includes a shift fork that moves the sleeve in the axial direction of the axle shaft. A shift rod for operating the shift fork, a meshing spring for urging and buffering the shift rod in the sleeve meshing direction, and the shift rod for separating the sleeve. It was allowed Yes and withdrawal spring for biasing and buffering in direction, the axle shear shift and Shifutorotsudo are arranged parallel to one another spaced apart by intervening distance Shifutofuoku,
Thereby, the shift rod, the engagement spring and the disengagement spring are arranged outside the differential main body in order to facilitate attachment and replacement of both springs, and one end of the shift fork is engaged with the sleeve, The other end of the shift fork is sandwiched by the meshing spring and the disengagement spring from both sides and supported by its balance.Around the center of the shift fork, a pin is attached to a mount plate detachable from the differential gear body. The differential device is characterized by being rotatably supported.