JPH0578677A - Additive for emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject additive effective for improving the emulsifiability, dispersibility, etc., of an emulsion in the mixing of a fuel oil with water, etc., and suitable for emulsion fuel by using a specific alkoxypolyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester as an essential component. CONSTITUTION:The objective additive capable of giving an emulsion fuel having high transportation and storage stability and emitting decreased amount of noxious substances such as dust and NOx in combustion is produced by using an alkoxypolyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester of formula [R<1> is 7-21C (hydroxy)alkyl or (hydroxy)alkenyl; R<2> is 1-22C alkyl or alkenyl; (m) is 2-4; (n) is 1-100] as an essential component.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fuel such as water, CaO,
The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel additive suitable for an emulsion fuel, which can mix SOx such as MgO and a NOx absorbent to reduce harmful substances such as NOx and dust generated during fuel combustion.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art By incorporating water, NOx, SOx absorbent, etc. into fuel, dust and NOx generated during combustion
Many studies have been made on methods for reducing the above-mentioned problems, and these methods are disclosed in JP-A-49-8502 and JP-A-50.
-46562, JP-A-63-54498, and the like.

Regarding the mechanism of action, "oil chemistry" 2
6 -10, p66~73, are described in the "new understanding of the function and operation of the surfactant and the Research and Development of the application products Instruction Manual" (Management Development Center Press), etc., but generated during combustion Nakadachichiri In order to reduce NOx and NOx, it is considered necessary to finely emulsify and disperse water added to the fuel and the NOx / SOx absorbent.

[0004]

However, although the conventional additives have a corresponding effect, they can be used to emulsify water or absorbents.
The dispersion performance was not sufficient, and there was a limit to the efficiency of reducing dust and NOx during combustion. Therefore, there has been a demand for an emulsion fuel in which water, an absorbent, and the like are finely emulsified and dispersed in fuel oil, and separation or thickening does not occur even if left for a long period from production to combustion.

The present invention improves the emulsification and dispersibility of an emulsion when fuel oil and water are mixed, suppresses emulsion destruction during the period until combustion, and reduces dust and NOx. The aim is to develop an additive for forming

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided an additive for emulsion fuel containing the compound represented by Chemical formula 2 as an essential component.

[0007]

[Chemical 2] (In the formula, R ¹ : an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkenyl group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms R ² : an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms m: an integer of 2 to 4 n: 1 to 100)

According to the present invention, the above chemical formula 2 is used as an additive when an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing fuel oil and water.
By using the alkoxypolyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester represented by the above, it is possible to provide an emulsion fuel which is excellent in emulsification / dispersion properties during production and in which fine particles which do not cause emulsion destruction due to coalescence of particles are produced.

The alkoxypolyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester used in the present invention is obtained by, for example, adding an alkylene oxide to an alcohol to give an adduct,
Next, a method of esterifying or transesterifying this with a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester (Production Method-1)
Alternatively, it can be obtained by adding alkylene oxide to fatty acid to give an adduct, and then reacting this with an alkyl halide (Production Method-2). Further, a method of adding an alkylene oxide to an esterified product of a fatty acid and an alcohol using a specific catalyst (Japanese Patent Application No.
No. 63904), and by following this method (Production Method-3), the compound of Chemical formula 2 with high purity can be obtained, which is particularly preferable.

In the compound represented by the above formula 2 used in the present invention, R ¹ is ^one of a linear or branched alkyl group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group, or a hydroxyalkenyl group, or It is a fatty acid residue selected from two or more. R ¹ is preferably an alkyl group having 11 to 17 carbon atoms. When the fatty acid has less than 8 carbon atoms, the emulsifying performance of the emulsion becomes insufficient, and when it exceeds 22, the solubility in water becomes poor, which is not preferable.

Specific examples of fatty acids constituting the fatty acid residue include caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14). ), Palmitic acid (C1
6), margaric acid (C17), stearic acid (C18),
Saturated fatty acids such as 12-hydroxystearic acid (C18), arachidic acid (C20), behenic acid (C22), oleic acid (C18), elaidic acid (C18), linoleic acid (C1)
8), unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18) and erucic acid (C22).

The fatty acids may be natural or synthetic fatty acids of vegetable or animal origin. Examples of the plant-derived fatty acid include corn oil, cottonseed oil, castor oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, palm oil and the like. Examples of animal-derived fatty acids include pork oil, beef tallow oil, herring oil, squid oil and whale oil.

These fatty acids may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

In the compound represented by Chemical formula ² , R ² is an alcohol residue selected from one or more linear or branched alkyl groups or alkenyl groups. R ²
Has 1 to 22, preferably 1 to 18, and more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of the alcohol constituting the alcohol residue include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, heptanol and octanol. , 2-ethylhexanol, lauryl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, or higher alcohols and synthetic alcohols obtained by reducing the above fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and fats.

These alcohols may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

In the above general formula ² , m is an integer of 2 to 4, and (OCmH ² m) is an alkylene oxide. Specific examples include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and at least one of them is selected.

In the general formula 2, n is the number of moles of the alkylene oxide added, and is usually 1 to 100, preferably 10 to 80. More preferably 10 to 50
Is. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be added randomly or in blocks.

The HLB of the additive suitable for use in the present invention depends on the type of fuel oil, but is 3 to 20, preferably 4 to 12.
Is.

The amount of the additive used in the production of emulsion fuel varies depending on the type of oil, the time from production to combustion, etc., but is 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight of the emulsion. It is 1% by weight.

Even if the additive according to the present invention is used alone,
You may use together 2 or more types. Further, it can be used in combination with other conventionally known additives. As other additives, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, etc. can be used,
Further, a water-soluble polymer or the like can be used together. The weight ratio when the nonionic surfactant and the anionic surfactant are used in combination is 98: 2 to 25:75, preferably 90:
It is 10 to 60:40. When only the nonionic surfactant is added, when the emulsion fuel is preheated before combustion, the dissolved state of the surfactant may change and combustion in a fine particle state may not be possible. When the nonionic surfactant and the anionic surfactant of the present invention are used in combination, heat stability and stability are improved.

As such an anionic surfactant,
Examples thereof include α-olefin sulfonate, internal olefin sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-sulfo fatty acid ester salt and the like.

Further, NOx and SOx such as CaO and MgO
Blending an absorbent is more effective in reducing SOx and NOx. It is generally preferable to add these additives in the range of 0.5 to 3 in terms of Ca / Mg equivalent ratio with respect to S content in the fuel. These additives may be added when the emulsion is produced by mixing the fuel oil and water, or may be post-added to the produced emulsion fuel.

The ratio of fuel oil to water forming the emulsion is 50:50 to 95:05 by weight, preferably 40:50.
It is 60 to 20:80. The emulsion formed in the present invention is appropriately selected from a W / O type and an O / W type depending on the type of fuel oil. When a W / O type emulsion is formed, it was atomized with a burner. After that, the fuel oil is atomized by evaporative expansion of water droplets, which is particularly preferable.

As the fuel oil of the mixed fuel component, kerosene,
Various kinds of A, B, C heavy oil, light oil, desulfurized heavy oil and the like are used, and generally fuel oil having a viscosity of 1000 cp or less at 50 ° C. is used.

As a stirring means for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, a general stirring method is sufficient, but especially a high shear type stirring apparatus such as a line mixer,
A homomixer and the like are preferable.

[0027]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By using the compound represented by the chemical formula 2, which is the additive of the present invention, the emulsification / dispersion property and the transportation / storage stability during the production of the emulsion fuel are good even when the addition amount is low, and the combustion is improved. It is possible to produce an emulsion fuel with less harmful substances when compared with conventional ones.

Since the emulsion fuel of the present invention is excellent in long-term transportation and storage stability, it can be used not only in electric power and general industries but also in small-scale boilers to be used as fuel.

[0029]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All "%" shown in the examples are based on weight.

Example 1 Fuel oil (C heavy oil: S content = 0.8%, N content = 0.25%)
284 g, water and a predetermined amount of additives are weighed so that the total amount becomes 400 g, heated to 50 ° C., and then mixed and stirred using a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo) to obtain a fuel oil concentration of 71%. An emulsion fuel was prepared. Then, the emulsion immediately after preparation was observed under a microscope and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.

[Evaluation Criteria for Emulsions] Emulsification ⊚: Present as uniform particles of approximately several μm ○: Existence of particles of several μm and small amount of particles of 10 to 20 μm Δ: Present as particles of about 10 to 30 μm x: Most of them exist as particles of 30 μm or more

Stability 200 g of a sample was placed in a 60 mm diameter poly bottle and 5
After standing at 0 ° C. for 2 weeks, the water content within 1 cm from the surface was measured, and the same evaluation as above was carried out with stirring, and comprehensive evaluation was performed together with the results immediately after preparation.

[Comprehensive Evaluation Criteria] A: Moisture content of 28% or more, almost no coalescence is observed. O: Water content is 25 to 28%, some coalescence is recognized. Δ: Water content is 5 to 25%, coalescence. X: Moisture content of 5% or less, almost united

The properties of the additives used are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 3 summarizes the evaluation results.

[0035]

[Table 1] The present additives  No. R ₁  R ₂  Average n Average m Additional form 1 C₉ H₁₉ CH₃ 50-2C₁₁H_{twenty three} CH₃ 70-3C₁₃H₂₇CH₃50-4 C₁₅H₃₁CH₃150-5C₁₇H₃₅CH₃100-6 C₁₇H₃₅CH₃13 0-7 C₁₁H_{twenty three}C_FourH₉100-8C₁₇H₃₅C_FourH₉180-9C₁₇H₃₅C_FourH₉120- 10 C₁₇H₃₅CH₃17 6 Random 11 C₁₃H₂₇CH₃10 10 blocks12 C ₁₁ H ₂₃ C ₄ H ₉ 15 5 Random

[0036]

[Table 2] No. Additive 13 Nonylphenol ethoxylate (average EO addition mole number = 8) 14 Nonylphenol ethoxylate (average EO addition mole number = 5) 15 Nonylphenol ethoxylate (average EO addition mole number = 3) 16 Lauryl alcohol ethoxylate (average EO) Addition mole number = 5) 17 Lauryl alcohol ethoxylate (average EO addition mole number = 8) 18 C _{15 to} C ₁₇ internal olefin sulfonate Mg salt 19 C _{18 to} C ₂₀ internal olefin sulfonate Na salt 20 C ₁₄ α-olefin Sulfonate Mg salt 21 Alkyl (C ₁₂ ) benzene sulfonate Ca 22 Additive No. 2 / No. 18 = 70/30 mixture 23 Additive No. 5 / No. 19 = 60/40 mixture 24 Additive No. 6 / No. 20 = 90/10 mixture 25 Additive No. 11 / No. 21 = 80/20 mixture

[0037]

[Table 3]  Additive No. Addition amount (%) Evaluation immediately after preparation Comprehensive evaluation -No additive × × 1 0.2 ◎ ○ 2 0.2 ◎ ◎ ◎ 3 0.2 ◎ ◎ 4 0.2 ◎ ○ This 5 0.2 ◎ ◎ Generation 6 0.2 ◎ ◎ ◎ Clear 7 0.2 ○ ○ Example 8 0.2 ○ ○ 9 9 2 ◎ ◎ ◎ 10 0.2 ◎ ◎ ◎ 11 0.2 ○ ○12 0.2 ○ ○ 13 0.2 ○ △ Ratio 14 0.2 ○ △ Comparison 15 0.2 △ × Example 16 0.2 ○ △17 0.2 ○ △ Book 22 0.15 ◎ ◎ Departure 23 0.15 ◎ ◎ Ming 24 0.15 ◎ ◎Example 25 0.15 ◎ ◎

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An additive for emulsion fuel, which comprises a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 as an essential component. [Chemical 1] (In the formula, R ¹ : an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkenyl group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms R ² : an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms m: an integer of 2 to 4 n: 1 to 100)